USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > A history of Cleveland, Ohio, Volume I > Part 80
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The directory of 1837 enumerates the following: "There are four very extensive iron foundries and steam engine manufactories in this city, also three soap and candle manufactories, two breweries, one sash factory, two rope walks, one stoneware pottery, two carriage manufactories and two French burr mill- stone manufactories, all of which are in full operation."
"The flouring mill now being erected by Mr. Ford will, when finished, be the largest and most complete establishment of the kind in the state of Ohio." This was the first steam flouring mill in Cleveland. It stood on River street and was destroyed by fire a year after its completion. A few years later Younglove & Hoyt built a paper mill on the canal near Pittsburg street.
One of the earliest industries for supplying distant markets was the making of candles and potash. It assumed considerable proportions in the '40s and '50s.
In 1840 the federal census gives the following view of the manufactures in the county. As Cleveland was the leading town, we may assume that the fig- ures apply approximately to the city. There were two cast iron furnaces, pro- ducing 200 tons, consuming 1,310 tons of fuel, employing 102 men and using a capital of $130,000. The annual value of the stone product was $18,822; twenty- eight men were employed and $2,000 of capital invested. Of pot or pearl ashes, 113 tons were made during the year. The value of machinery made was $43,600; the value of hardware and cutlery $25,000, and of metals refined $31,500. In the manufacture of brick and lime $12,500 was invested; twenty-six men employed, and the value of the product $8,540. There were four woolen manufactories, with a capital of $12,400 and an annual product of $14,400, and eighteen men employed. In the thirteen tanneries twenty-one men were employed ; capital, $6,800, 845 sides of sole leather and 3,680 sides of uppers were tanned. There were manufactured I13,000 pounds of soap and 82,000 pounds of tallow candles, ten men employed and $4,000 of capital. Two distilleries produced 80,000 gallons of whiskey, and one brewery 50,000 gallons of beer. There were six flour mills, fifteen grist mills, seventy sawmills, one oil mill, and all of these combined made $183,875 worth of product and employed 104 men.
The "value of goods made at home" was given at $24,200. The county was still agricultural, its farm products were worth many times the value of its factory products.
630
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
Here we have the picture of a town with the beginnings of iron and machine shop manufacturing, but whose principal industries were the transforming of the raw products of the farm into marketable commodities, such as soap, potash, candles, leather, woolen goods, whiskey and flour.
In 1845 there were in the city three breweries with an annual output of 117,000 gallons; four soap and candle manufactories, making 450,000 pounds of soap; and 30,000 pounds of candles; one flouring mill, grinding 36,000 barrels per year ; six iron foundries, four lard oil factories, making 25,420 gallons of oil and 89,800 pounds of stearine candles; several saleratus factories, making 300 tons per year, and a linseed oil factory producing 11,000 gallons per year. There was considerable diversity of industry ; a chair factory, rope walk, spar and block factory, millstone factory, umbrella factory, scale factory and plane factory. Slaughtering was assuming large proportions. Two thousand one hundred head of beef were slaughtered and packed for the distant market, and ten thousand sheep .*
In 1850 there were three soap and candle factories, two breweries, six carriage and wagon works, fourteen copper, tin and sheet iron shops, three saleratus works, two looking glass manufactories, two lard and oil plants, two piano forte manu- factories, five foundries and machine shops, two plane factories and one each of pump, boiler, millstone, umbrella, trunk factories, one wig maker, one gold pen manufactory, one brass foundry, one silk and wool dye works and one light- ning rod establishment.
In 1860 the federal census enumerates the principal industries in the county as follows :
Manufactures
No. of
Estabs.
Capital
Invested
Cost of Raw
Material
No. Male
& Employed
: Employed
o Cost of
Labor
Value of
Products
Agricultural implements. .
$ 28,800
$ 130,500
Boots and shoes
19
66,189
86,979
217
77,952
222,830
Brass foundries
2
6,400
18,000
I9
. .
5,376
28,000
Brick
8
12,450
10,285
88
10,710
42,650
Bridges
I
15,000
50,340
50
.
36,000
104,000
Chemicals
I
1,000
13,807
2
.
624
15,032
Clothing
27
235,000
367,892
452
506
180,000
621, 133
Cooperage
2I
16,750
12,457
66
17,820
37,431
Copper smelting Flour
2I
220,200
859,448
74
. .
24,396
1,008,126
Furniture
I3
81,400
29,278
138
4
52,692
III,500
Chairs
4
56,500
17,950
180
. .
54,840
99,000
Grindstones
6
77,000
10,900
II5
34,680
58,000
Gunpowder
I
42,000
71,500
II
5,100
80,000
Hardware
I
1,500
1,000
IO
3,600
5,000
Hosiery
I
800
1,000
2
480
2,000
Iron, bar and sheet.
3
280,000
735,000
374
153,600
1,209,500
Iron castings
5
77,800
35,150
55
20,200
74,170
Iron stoves
I
50,000
38,000
65
30,000
100,000
Iron railing
I
800
1,225
4
600
2,400
Lumber
50
108,700
66,420
167
. .
41,448
158,657
Machinery and engines.
17
151,400
142,854
274
105,696
318,947
Coal oil
I
2,000
5,000
3
1,800
8,000
Paper-printing
3
I 32,000
98,800
88
6
29,544
193,250
Sewing machines
I
7,000
1,500
IO
.
3,600
6,000
Soap and candles
9
55,500
181,683
52
. .
17,596
230,540
White lead .
2
17,500
39,630
I3
. .
4,560
50,200
Woolen goods
I
2,500
1,300
4
I
1,632
3,000
Woodenware
5 53,000
85,795
155
36,024
172,719
. .
I
10,000
252,500
15
. .
6,000
266,500
$ 19,400
$ 53,000
No. Female
. .
* "City Directory," 1845.
C. G. King
S. H. Sheldon
B. W. Jenness
James MeDermott Building stone and quarry interests
PIONEER LUMBERMEN
631
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
This table indicates that most of the industries that have since developed into greatness had their beginning about 1860. Here, then, is the real starting point of industrial Cleveland. The older industries of making burr stones, pot and pearl ashes, of saleratus and of candle and lard oil, were yielding to the newer indus- tries that dealt with iron, oil and clothing. The town has 43,417 inhabitants. The next decade was to see it started on its way toward a great manufacturing center. Before passing to the census of 1870, it will not be out of place to briefly mention some of the leading manufactories that were organized at this period:
In 1839 Whittaker & Wells built a furnace near the pier. In 1846 M. C. Younglove set up the first power press in Cleveland in the Merchants Exchange building on Superior street, where Luetkemeyer's hardware store now stands. The manufacture of saleratus in 1850 was conducted by Charles A. Dean on St. Clair street, W. A. Otis & Company, near the hill below the light house, D. H. Lamb and A. A. Wheeler on the flats near Center street. In 1849 the gas works were built and Cleveland provided with its first illuminating gas. In 1850 Sizer's Foundry was established and continued under that name until 1866, when S. Merchant succeeded in the proprietorship. The Lake Shore foundry was in- corporated about this time, with buildings at the foot of Alabama street. The company made a specialty of car and bridge castings and water and gas pipe.
In 1852 Cleveland & Bishop began the manufacture of organs. In August, 1856, the first hydraulic press for making brick was installed in the yards of A. W. Duty, in East Cleveland. The machine had a capacity of ten bricks a minute, thirty-six thousand a day.
In 1856 began a public movement for making Cleveland an important iron cen- ter. A committee of citizens was appointed at a mass meeting called to "boom the city." The committee reported that iron was the destined industry for Cleve- land, because the ore and the fuel could meet here cheap and in abundance. A subcommittee was appointed to negotiate further and a charter was secured for a blast furnace a site donated and sixty thousand dollars subscribed.1
In 1849 Michigan granted a charter to the Cleveland Iron Co. But little busi- ness was done until in 1853 when it was reorganized under the laws of Ohio as the Cleveland Iron Mining Co. with a capital of $500,000. The officers were: J. W. Gordon, president; Samuel Mather, vice president ; and H. B. Tuttle, secretary. The ore was largely shipped to Pittsburg. In 1854, 4,000 tons were mined.
In 1852 Henry Chisholm founded the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Company, for the manufacture of railway and bar iron. Later the firm was merged into a corporation, the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, which expanded into one of the largest steel manufactories in the United States. It is of interest to know that Bessemer steel was first blown in the Newburg plant, October 15, 1868, which was some years prior to the making of Bessemer steel in Pittsburg.
In 1852 William A. Otis with J. M. Ford formed a partnership for the man- ufacture of iron castings, with a foundry on Whiskey Island. From this devel- oped the firm of Otis & Company and subsequently the Lake Erie Iron Company
1 "Daily Herald," 1856, Wol. 22, No. 48.
632
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
and the Otis Iron & Steel Company. In 1859 Mr. Otis built the first rolling mill in the city.
In 1858 the following firms were manufacturing iron in Cleveland: Ford & Otis, furnaces; Cleveland Boiler Plate Company; Cleveland & Erie Railway Works; the Railroad Iron Mill Company; Morrill & Bowers Car Factory; Sizer Car Wheel Manufacturing Company ; Cleveland Agricultural Works ; Chapman's Foundry ; Boat Machine Shop; and the Cuyahoga Steam Furnaces.
In 1860 Thomas A. Reeve began the Novelty Iron Works, for the manu- facture of iron bridges, frogs and crossings and general machine work.
In 1861 the Lake Superior Iron Company was incorporated, S. P. Ely and H. B. Tuttle were active in its organization. The Jackson Iron Company was organ- ized the same year. It was composed largely of New York capitalists. The Cleve- land agent was Samuel H. Kimball.
In 1863 the list of new corporations increased to sixteen and from that year forward they have multiplied rapidly. Among the largest developed within the succeeding decade are the following : The Cleveland Foundry, established in 1864 by Bowler & Maher, joined later by C. A. Brayton. In 1864 Sherman, Damon & Company began the manufacture of both hot and cold pressed nuts, washers, chain links and rivets. At this time the Union Steel Screw Company was incor- porated by Amasa Stone, Jr., William Chisholm, Henry Chisholm, A. B. Stone and H. B. Payne, with a capital of $1,000,000.
In 1866 Hovey Taylor & Son began a foundry business on Central place. This developed later into the successful Taylor & Boggis Foundry. In 1868 the Cleveland Spring Company was organized, with $200,000 capital, for the manu- facture of steel springs for locomotives, cars, wagons and carriages. Among its early directors were E. H. Bourne, William Corlett, John Corlett, H. M. Knowles and S. Bourne.
The King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company was organized in 1871, by Zenas King, Thomas A. Reeve, A. B. Stone, Charles' E. Barnard, Charles A. Crumb, Dan P. Eells and Henry Chisholm. The business had been founded by Zenas King in 1858, when he manufactured the first iron arch and swing bridges made in this part of Ohio.
A number of small oil refineries had early located in Cleveland. In 1861 John D. Rockefeller and Henry M. Flagler formed a partnership, amalgamated many of the refineries and in 1870 expanded into the Standard Oil Company, with Cleveland as headquarters. The first directors were : John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Samuel Andrews, Stephen D. Harkness and William Rockefeller. The capital stock was $1,000,000 and the refineries were established in Kingsbury Run. From Cleveland this remarkable business organization has spread to every state in the Union and to every land in the world.
In 1839 E. Grasselli commenced the manufacture of chemicals in Cincinnati. In 1866 he came to Cleveland and established a plant for the manufacture of acids to be used in connection with oil refineries. These works have expanded into enormous plants located on Broadway and Independence road, with many fac- tories in other cities and other lands, under the management of Caesar A. Grasselli.
Charles A. Otis, Sr.
W. A. Otis
Thomas Jopling
William Chisholm
A, B. Stone
Henry Chisholm
Charles Hickox
Fayette Brown
James Pickands
PIONEER IRON MASTERS
633
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
In 1870 the White Manufacturing Company was organized for making sewing machines. 2 Its incorporators were Thomas H. White, Rollin C. White, George W. Baker, Henry W. White, and D'Arcy Porter. The works were located on Canal street. Their development has been one of the features of industrial Cleve- land. The Wilson Sewing Machine Company established a factory here. Some years later the Standard Sewing Machine Company was organized and built a plant on Cedar avenue near the Cleveland & Pittsburg crossing.
The development of the iron industry would have been impossible without cheap coal. The first coal was brought to Cleveland in 1828 by Henry Newberry, father of Dr. John Newberry, by canal from the Tallmadge banks. It was novel to the villagers and they refused to buy, although a wagon load was taken from door to door and its virtues carefully explained. "No one wanted it. Wood was plenty and cheap and the neat housewives of Cleveland, especially objected to the dismal appearance and dirt creating qualities of the new fuel. Once in a while a man would take a little as a gift, but after the wagon had been driven around Cleveland all day not a single purchaser had been found. At length after nightfall Philo Scovill, who was then keeping the hotel known as the Franklin house, was per- suaded to buy somne, for which he found use by putting grates in his bar room stove. Such was the beginning of the coal business in Cleveland. The new fuel found favor for the small manufacturing and mechanical industries of the period but it was long before the matrons of Cleveland would tolerate it in private residences." 3
In 1829 "Ohio mineral coal" was offered for sale at the wood-yard of George Fisher. In 1851 "Tallmadge coal" was sold for $2.50 a ton. It was brought to Cleveland on the canal. In 1845 the Brier Hill mines were opened by David Tod, Dan P. Rhodes and C. H. Andrews. This coal was shipped on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania canal to Akron, thence to Cleveland. The Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad offered better transportation and Mahoning coal came in abundance. In 1852 the Cleveland & Pittsburg railroad opened the coal fields of Columbiana county, the Salineville vein and "Pittsburg No. 8." In 1860 Dan P. Rhodes began the mining of coal in the Massillon district and its tonnage was brought to Cleveland by canal, until the Valley railroad was completed. Later the building of the Wheeling & Lake Erie opened the fields farther south. In 1865 Cleveland's coal receipts were 465,560 tons ; in 1884, 1,831,112 tons; in 1908, 6,581,879 tons.
1870.
The following table exhibits the leading industries in 1870 in the county (U. S. Census Reports ) :
Kind of Industry
No. of
Estab.
Hands
Employed
Capital
Wages
Value of
Material
Value of
Products
Agricultural implements.
3
115
$ 259,000
$ 66,500
$ 54,900
$ 145,500
Boots and shoes.
9
123
67,200
69,372
58,157
202,290
Brass
3
34
64,520
10,900
29,510
63,200
Brick
23
188
42,800
44,870
31,938
II3,700
Bridges
2
105
175,000
70,000
246,555
5.36,000
2 The first sewing machine shown in Cleveland was exhibited in August, 1851, at the Weddell House, where "its wonderful performance can be seen," recites the alluring notice. The exhibiter wanted to sell the rights for Ohio. It caused great wonderment but many ob- jected to the new contrivance, because it would throw many men out of work. Within a few decades the city led in the manufacturing of sewing machines.
3 Quoted by Kennedy, "History of Cleveland," p. 230.
634
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
Clothing, men's
53
412
195,800
125,883
Clothing, women's
24
yII
15,255
13,000
Coal oil
16
200
520,000
120,759
3,611,046
Cooperage
63
606
233,700
280,769
678,001
1,051,785
Flour
13
84
744,500
44,387
1,647,015
1,903,155
Furniture
25
203
194,400
105,624
127,022
376,475
Chairs
4
98
97,000
45,500
50,000
129,500
Iron, forged and rolled.
8
578
1,190,000
390,500
1,544,265
2,290,784
Iron nails and spikes.
3
46
65,150
15,100
100,705
127,480
Iron pipe
2
32
47,500
10,500
84,749
169,000
Iron, pig
2
86
I20,000
50,000
315,200
398,000
Iron castings
12
320
808,000
232,950
614,421
1,097,000
Iron stoves
4
156
355,000
80,000
100,002
270,000
Lumber
41
189
153,400
54,000
315,500
486,212
Machinery
14
145
150,100
68,250
42,465
178,445
Machinery, R. R. repairing. .
3
960
1,225,000
482,675
514,395
997,070
Engines and boilers
II
252
159,300
141,554
173,707
406,300
Packing (meat)
5
98
205,800
53,500
1,160,435
1,261,870
Paints, lead, and zinc.
4
33
185,000
21,000
132,100
244,400
Paper
3
172
390,000
56,466
347,70I
531,175
Sewing machines
2
I38
46,000
91,800
37,790
290,000
Steel Springs Varnish
I
5
20,000
2,000
8,000
23,000
Woodenware
3
300
354,000
127,000
202,900
397,500
Woolen goods
5
124
251,000
35,000
118,512
211,100
In this decade the marvelous development of the oil industry has driven out the candle and lard oil business. A collateral business, cooperage, was developed. The iron business continued to develop faster than the others. The making of bridges, stoves, paper, woodenware and woolen goods continued to increase, while the sewing machine and paint industries grew with great rapidity. The meat cur- ing and packing business began in this decade and at once assumed important pro- portions. The making of machinery and engines on the other hand did not in- crease rapidly nor did the making of clothing, boots and shoes, agricultural imple- ments and furniture. These industries were stationary. Of the indutsries devel- oped in the decade, the following are the largest.
The packing business received its greatest stimulus with the organizing of the Cleveland Provision Company by W. G. Rose, one of Cleveland's great business men, interested who was also in all good charities. The varnish business was be- gun by Francis H. Glidden, who came to Cleveland in 1867. In 1875 he began to manufacture varnish in a small factory. Other factories followed. The paint business had its beginning when Henry A. Sherwin about 1870 formed a partner- ship with Edwin P. Williams and started a small paint factory on the banks of the canal near Seneca street. This was the beginning of a business that now has factories in many other cities and "covers the earth" with its products. The woman's clothing business began in 1874, when D. Black & Company, wholesale dry goods merchants began the manufacture of cloaks. They made a few linen dusters and a small number of evening coats. This business also has assumed an important place among the industries of Cleveland. The manufacture of tackle blocks was developed in this period. This has grown into an important industry, its products are sold all over the United States and large numbers are exported.
1880.
In 1880 the status of manufactories is indicated as follows (United States Census Reports) :
65,000
100,000
I
56
70,000
25,000
251,415 38,560
510,745 77,644 4,283,065
Peter Thatcher
William Bowler
Zenas King
R. P. Myers
David A. Dangler PIONEER MANUFACTURERS OF IRON AND MACHINERY
635
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
Kind of Industry
No. of
Capital
Hands
& Employed
Wages
Value of
Material
p Value of
Products
Brass
37,500
83
35,200
60,000
118,140
Brick and tile.
21
89,100
278
74,914
37,169
159,450
Bridges
4
347,000
577
180,122
504,348
925,063
Cars, R. R., St. car, & rep'r.
4
144,500
216
103,925
461,000
661,000
Clothing, men's.
73
1,086,600
2,057
634,319
1,488,780
2,687,409
Drugs and chemicals.
6
563,000
207
63,400
323,875
557,500
Flour .
6
120,000
71
34,200
988,659
1,105,768
Furniture and chairs.
28
326,600
427
167,25I
183,199
470,835
Hardware and cutlery. ...
II
146,000
196
76,081
114,201
275,500
Knit goods and hosiery ...
5
27,000
200
21,960
421,000
97,550
Iron and steel ...
IO
2,839,042
2,999
1,960,237
6,491,506 -
9,435,432
Foundry and machine shop
53
1,961,038
2,539
946,877
1,786,420
3,820,685
Bolts, nuts, etc.
5
307,500
364
153,923
482,926
68,074
Iron forging
3
305,000
206
86,500
323,000
523,000
Iron railing
4
28,200
33
8,884
23,800
45,500
Architectural iron work ..
3
11,500
37
18,844
42,274
84,354
Malt liquors
23
1,286,200
330
162,325
699,666
1,249,502
Lithographing
4
100,700
157
70,600
124,100
223,000
Paints
IO
423,500
234
113,214
801,334
1,202,480
Printing and publishing. ..
12
447,000
406
192,892
4,886,771
5,427,938
Varnish
4
432,500
53
32,695
563,939
691,245
Wire work
4
118,500
105
200,500
287,000
Woodenware
3
108,500
208
52,500
158,000
232,500
Several items are lacking in this table. The development in this decade was strictly along the lines of the previous decade. The industries that developed most rapidly are iron, paint, clothing, hosiery and knit goods, lithographing and car building.
1900.
The census of 1890 does not provide adequate tables for comparison, so that the data of 1900 must next be used. This shows the following development :
Kind of Industry
No. of
Estab.
Capital
Employed
Wages
Cost of
Material
Value of
Product
Bicycle
12
$ 817,204
9 No.
$ 258,803
$ 419,917
$ 862,024
Boots and shoes
5
229,597
459
135,766
336,272
552,335
Boxes
9
403,902
361
158,961
503,845
817,592
Brass
9
117,097
168
82,432
143,863
276,647
Brass ware
3
478,519
299
199,131
217,965
654,800
Bridges
3
1,131,158
55I
331,044
1,041,898
2,416,595
Carriages and wagons.
43
481,147
497
277,066
277,971
729,292
Cars and repairs ..
7
564,01 I
1,229
663,671
513,764
1,209,947
Chemicals
6
2,156,143
370
342,423
909,722
1,729,313
Clothing, men's
118
1,815,369
1,567
600,028
1,871,254
3,410,299
Confectionery
24
432,405
549
1,063,834 182,834
669,999
1,705,31I
Electrical appliances
26
3,884,076
2,041
1,009,191
1,601,653
3,357,923 776,326
Furniture
18
968,884
479
277,218
510,50I
1,029,569
Hardware
7
1,457,340
1,709
789,77 I
483,422
1,653,347
Hosiery and knit goods
5
239,439
548
141,704
387,215
748,012
Iron and steel
15
14,616,917
7,128
4,245,557
13,490,450
24,276,197
Foundry and machine shop 127
1,688,326
9,377
5,280,926
6,698,074
15,428,053
Stoves .. .
4
1,867,307
1,198
1,053,234
1,905,391
Bolts and nuts.
7
712,045
1,355
619,685 623,233
1,555,760
2,405,856
5
655,850
128
56,123
850,102
1,163,174
693,300
426
258,590
236,947
666,509
Slaughtering & meat p'k'g
77
1,598,155
2,580
2,444,826
4,213,298
Flour
4
396,500
75
51,650
683,535
Agricultural implements. .
3 6 How Estab.
$ 101,200
47
$ 16,006
$ 53,930
$ 85,420
Cooperage
42,575
194
88,625
334,315
474,050
Oil, lubricating
Clothing, women's
636
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
Forgings
5
1,906,496
938
518,259
964,599
1,874,029 875,908
Malt liquor
IO
3,788,202
572
555,334
840,394
4,033,915
Oil
13
664,509
223
178,228
831,769
1,421,089
Paints
9
1,346,195
564
417,096
1,303,492
2,192,253
Petroleum refining
4
5,893,718
618
369,890
1,973,473
2,963,169
Printing and publishing.
69
1,107,409
1,03I
637,625
700,052
1,759,320
Rubber goods
3
1,230,079
741
299,374
1,045,927
1,494,369
Sewing machines
3
2,575,208
839
560,973
860,832
1,759,320
Shoddy
4
1,244,896
421
191,314
945,318
1,308,167
Slaughtering & Meat p'k'g Tools
8
984,053
627
316,894
264,504
890,342
Varnish
7
485,770
II5
128,760
433,900
710,218
Wire work and cables ..
12
895,129
821
329,187
562,126
1,137,416
Here is graphically shown the enormous development of all the leading indus- tries during the two decades. The demand for the bicycle made Cleveland the leading center for its manufacture, the Lozier Company being especially active in that direction. With the invention of the arc light by Charles F. Brush and the development of electricity came the establishment of large electric plants. The de- velopment of the rubber industry brought several factories to Cleveland and the growth of the manufacture of clothing brought the collateral industry, the manu- facture of shoddy.
1905.
The census of 1905 indicates the leading industries as follows :
Salaried Officers and Clerks
Wage Earners
Industries
Estabs.
Capital
Invested
Av.
$8,308,099 64,095 $33,471,513 $172,115,10I
Automobile bodies and parts
$
441,445
19
$ 18,359
296
$ 158,974
$ 367,10I
Automobiles
7
2,653,837
127
175,749
1,504
868,399
4,256,979
Boots and shoes
5
326,944
27
22,862
541
194,912
786,376
Boxes, wooden packing.
IO
609,433
30
35,968
448
211,712
1,074,769
Brass castings and brass fin- ishing
12
263,875
15
19,260
253
155,914
756,250
Brassware
4
1,198,702
30
42,085
296
146,917
641,569
products
.138
1,880,506
91
80,573
1,230
611,276
8
362,750
5
9,000
252
140,681
2,982,284 345,700
Cars, and general shop con- struction and repairs by steam R. R. companies. . . .
6
490,15I
95
75,670
1,313
757,420
1,681,287
Clothing, men's
70
1,594,58I
84
122,36I
1,482
641,612
2,978,547
Clothing, women's
78
2,583,04I
368
389,666
3,394
1,682,248
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