USA > Pennsylvania > McKean County > History of the counties of McKean, Elk, Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania, with biographical selections; including their early settlement and development; a description of the historic and interesting localities; sketches of their cities, towns and villages biographies of representative citizens; outline history of Pennsylvania; statistics > Part 36
USA > Pennsylvania > Potter County > History of the counties of McKean, Elk, Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania, with biographical selections; including their early settlement and development; a description of the historic and interesting localities; sketches of their cities, towns and villages biographies of representative citizens; outline history of Pennsylvania; statistics > Part 36
USA > Pennsylvania > Elk County > History of the counties of McKean, Elk, Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania, with biographical selections; including their early settlement and development; a description of the historic and interesting localities; sketches of their cities, towns and villages biographies of representative citizens; outline history of Pennsylvania; statistics > Part 36
USA > Pennsylvania > Cameron County > History of the counties of McKean, Elk, Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania, with biographical selections; including their early settlement and development; a description of the historic and interesting localities; sketches of their cities, towns and villages biographies of representative citizens; outline history of Pennsylvania; statistics > Part 36
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The Rixford fire of May 9, 1880, occasioned by a gas explosion, destroyed seventy-five buildings, forming the business center of the town, in less than two hours, and burned up 70,000 barrels of oil and forty rigs .. .. The United Lines Tank 714. completed in July, 1880, on the MeKean farm, one mile south of State Line, burst August 4. 1880, and 20,747 barrels of oil cut a channel down to the creek. . . . United Lines Tank 738, opened on the Mckean farm, 200 rods northeast of Babcock depot, August 11, was struck by lightning August 28. 1880, and 26,597 barrels of oil burned up .... The bush fires around Rix- ford began on August 31, 1881, near Baker's trestle, and spread rapidly, de- stroying twenty-four rigs and consuming large quantities of oil .... The fires around Bordell in September, 1881, destroyed forty-six rigs and 3.900 barrels of oil. This fire spread over 250 acres. ... The fire on the Loop farm on the north branch of Indian creek, resulted in the destruction of oil at Hardison & Kribb's wells.
In 1826 Joshua Barnes and Barnabas Pike built a fluter saw-mill at State Line.
The State Line Chapel Association was incorporated March 8, 1887, in order to build a house for Methodist worship. The names of the petitioners are C. Beaton, N. J. Warren, E. H. Crook, D. Bleakslee, A. R. Wagner and S. E. Humphrey.
The E. A. U. of Rixford was established in March, 1876, with seventy members. The officers chosen were J. Fraser, Mrs. D. Pearsall, John Jack, Mrs. E. E. Brown, Miss L. Love, J. B. Nutting and J. W. Martin.
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
The accidental shooting of Fred Sprague, a boy aged seventeen years. took place at McAdoo's engine-house, near Duke Centre, in October, 1888. It appears he and Dallas Thomson stepped into the engine house to see the well starting up. Young Sprague grounded his gun, but, slipping through a crack in the floor, it was discharged, the shot entering his liver and causing his death.
DUKE CENTRE.
The first house built on the site was Cook, Borden & Co.'s frame boarding house, erected in May, 1856. Peter Haines, another pioneer, died before the oil era, and Chauncey Root resided on the site of Duke Centre before the war. The settlement of the Bunkers is noticed above, and also the coming of John Duke. In February, 1878. the business houses of Duke Centre were those of Charles Duke, Huffman & Dalrymple, Swan & Bacon, O. D. Bloss & Co., and Barber Bros.
When V. P. Carter, who, as president of the Duke Centre Gas Company, built the second gas line known in this county in 1879 (from Rixford to Duke Centre), found at Duke Centre that year John, Thomas and Charles Duke, with Randall, afterward postmaster, the Spragues and Baldwins and others. There were ten store buildings and several hotels, among which was Brown's Empire House and the McDonald House: G. F. Barton conducted his Opera House, while three church buildings existed. Mr. Sprague building the Con- gregational and John Duke the Church of Christ. The lot for the Congre- gational society was secured, and a room over Barton's Opera House was being fitted up for the Good Templars. William H. Randall was appointed first postmaster, having previously carried a penny-post between Eldred and Duke Centre. He served until 1885, when the late postmaster, P. L. Golden, was appointed. W. H. Randall was re-appointed in July, 1889. Prior to 1878 the office of this section was at Prentiss Vale.
The population of Duke Centre. in 1880, was 2,068. In 1888 there were eighty-five Republican, forty-four Democratic, nine Prohibitionist and fifteen Labor-Union votes cast, or a total of 153. Multiplying by six, as in the case of Bradford, the population is found to be 918.
The charter election for the borough of Duke Centre was held February 15, 1881. M. M. McElwain received 214 votes, and William Williams 116, for burgess; A. H. Low received 287 votes, and John M. Lyman 38, for justice. Henry Fitzsimmons, Charles Duke, E. M. Reardon, B. M. Moulton and J. W. Flynn, were elected members of council; John Duke received 302, and A. M. Boyd 198 votes, for auditor. three years' term; and George Fisher was elected for short term; J. C. B. Stivers, Joseph Norris, W. I. Lewis and Monroe Henderson, were elected school directors; A. N. Heard, assessor; A. A. Coon, overseer of the poor; J. L. Thomas, constable; George Tinto, high constable; John Mills, judge of elections, and C. S. Colt, inspector of elections. R. T. Salvage was elected burgess in 1882, the total vote cast being eighty-two: John Needham, in 1883; W. B. Graves, in 1884-85, when G. F. Barton was elected justice; Robert Shaffer, in 1886, with W. H. Randall, justice; W. D. Singleton. 1887-88, with A. Wheeler, justice, and J. S. Moody, justice in 1888. The charter is not now observed.
The Duke Centre Gas Company was incorporated in November, 1879, with T. Kemper, V. P. Carter and John J. Robarts, trustees, and Daniel Dodge and J. N. Brown, unofficial subscribers. Mr. Carter is present president. The company operates forty five wells, of which twenty-seven are their own.
The first bank at Duke Centre was carried on by H. O. Roberts in 1879.
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
The banking business of the section has been conducted by Charles Duke from 1883 to the present time.
The First Congregational Society of Duke Centre and Prentiss Vale was incorporated in June, 1879. with the following named stockholders: M. W. Strickland, M. A. Strickland, L. B. Prentiss. C. L. Allen. L. S. Allen, B. & H. Bunker. F. W. Sprague, Mary Sprague. Joseph Gridley and J. K. Lengemors. A church building was erected in 1879, which was sold in 1884-85, and con verted into a skating rink.
The First Church of Christ. Duke Centre, was incorporated in November, 1879, with John Duke, Samuel H. Brown, A. A. Trend. A. J. Applebee. Thomas S. Woodard and Israel Couroth, members. That year the work of building a house of worship commenced. It was completed in ISSO, although services were held within it in 1879.
The First Methodist Church of Duke Centre was incorporated in December. 1879, with A. R. Baker. C. G. Thomas, I. C. Schonerman, Enos Thomas. 1. A. Coons, W. A. Simons and James L. Van Kirk, stockholders. Among the trustees Charles Duke and J. E. Baldwin are named. The church building is still used.
The Odd Fellows organized March 25, 1881, with the following named members: S. Frankenstein, W. N. George, John Sharpe, A. A. Averill. Henry L. Raymond, A. N. Heard. J. R. McKinzie, John McGee, A. J. Watkin, Morris Shear. Thomas Buchanan, David Greenberg, Benjamin Kempner, P. Mills, F. J. Fox. The names of past grands are A. J. Watkin. A. N. Heard. J. Sharpe, George Hancock, N. Fair, J. R. McKinzie, R. D. Henderson, John Needham, John McEwen, James Rickerson, A H. Stuart, J. I. Dunn, E. Koonse, George Williams and J. I. Painter. The names of secretaries are A. J. Watkin, R. D. Henderson. A. W. Terrill, J. V. Brown, N. Fair. J. McEwen and J. I. Painter. The present number of members is 53; value of property. $450, and date of building is 1884.
J. H. Mullin Post, No. 356. G. A. R .. was organized at Rixford by W. W. Brown July 30, 1883, and participated in the decoration of Lamphier's grave. he being the only soldier of the Revolution buried in MeKean county. The charter members were H. G. Allen. Eighty-fifth New York: C. D. Andrus. One Hundred and Twenty-sixth New York; S. C. Andrus, First Ohio Artil lery. D. Adams, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania: H. T. Breese. Fourteenth Mis- souri; E. J. Baldwin, Second New York Cavalry; J. E. Baldwin. One Hun- dred and Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers; W. P. Baldwin. Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania: John V. Brown, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania; Clark Brown, Eighth New York; H. P Black. Eleventh Pennsylvania Cav alry: T. R. Burton, Navy; H. K. Burton, Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry : C. M. Brace. Twenty-first New York Cavalry; W. P. Bair, One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania; Fred Curtis, Seventy-first New York Infantry: M. G. Dennis, Two Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania; James Fraser, ---: S. M. Fletcher, One Hundred and Twenty sixth Pennsylvania: H. Trummon, First New York Dragoons; A. Glines, Thirteenth New York Artillery: L. J. Lilly, Second Pennsylvania Artillery; A. N. Loop, Two Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania: G. Lancomer, One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Pennsylvania; A. H. Low, Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania; E. W. Mullin. One Hundred and Thirty- seventh New York; J. S. Pittinger. of the Sixty-fourth New York (joined in 1886). N. Moore, Fourth New York Artillery; N. L. Moore, Eleventh Penn- sylvania Cavalry: J. Moore, Fifty-first Pennsylvania; F. T. McEvoy, Thir- teenth New Jersey Cavalry: U. Moore, Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania; H. A. McGraw, Twenty-third New York; J. D. McGee, Eleventh I. Battery, Penn-
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
sylvania; J. W. Martin, Tenth Pennsylvania Cavalry: G. W. Potter, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry; S. Peterman, Twenty eighth Pennsylvania; H. Peter- son, Fifth New York Artillery; A. T. Rence, Sixty-third Pennsylvania; Henry Riley, Eleventh New York Cavalry; R. P. Shields, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania; Samuel Stives, Twenty-seventh New York Artillery; F. Shrout, Fourteenth Virginia Infantry; G. W. Salmon, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania; W. M. Smith, Eighty-second Pennsylvania; Owen Slayman, One Hundred and Forty second Pennsylvania. On June 15, 1885, headquarters were moved to Duke Centre. Nelson Moore was first com- mander, with N. L. Moore, adjutant. In 1885 W. P. Black was adjutant and J. E. Baldwin commander, succeeded in 1886 by F. T. McEvoy and M. G. Dennis, respectively; James Fraser was commander in 1887. and H. M. Black in 1888. In the latter year E. B. Cronk was appointed adjutant and served in 1889 with C. R. Hatch, commander. Mr. Cronk served in the Fourth New York Heavy Artillery. The present membership is fifty-nine.
Northern Star Lodge, F. & A. M . was organized about nine years ago with the following named members: Charles Bunce, David J. Wilson, John V. Brown, Lucius J. Lilly, Jesse R. Leonard, James Green, Pyrrhus Mills. Samuel M. Jones, George Tinto, Charles C. Anderson, O. P. Irvine, Joseph Norris, Will- iam N. George. The past masters are Charles Bunce, William N. George, John V. Brown, Joseph Norris, Lneins J. Lilly, William H. Randall. John S. Greer, F. W. Sprague and John E. Baldwin.
The R. T. and A. O. U. W. of Duke Centre completed their building in June, 1883.
In July. 1889, there were no less than thirty one Equitable Aid Unions in this county, and at that time the county union of MeKean was the only county organization of the order in the world. These county meetings are not required by the supreme law, but MeKean County Union originated in the fertile brain of John T. Irvine, of Duke Centre, grand secretary and account- ant of the grand union of Pennsylvania.
CHAPTER XX.
SERGEANT TOWNSHIP.
TOPOGRAPHY, ETC .- COAL MEASURES-OIL WELLS-POPULATION-THE COOPER LANDS- TOWN OF INSTANTER-THE PLACE IN 1810-13-17-ASSESSMENT OF SER- GEANT TOWNSHIP FOR 1836-37-VILLAGES.
CLERMONT-SOME FIRST THINGS-FIRE-GAS WELLS-CEMETERY ASSOCIATION -SOCIETIES.
SERGEANT TOWNSHIP occupies the south center of the county. The 2 west fork of the west branch of Portage creek, Lick run, Brewer's run, Red Mill brook, Robin's brook and Smith's brook rise inside the east line in the gulches between the hills, which here have an altitude of 2,100 feet above ocean level. In the south center are Four Mile. Buck and Smith runs, flow ing into the east branch of the Clarion; also Five Mile, Seven Mile and Rocky runs, forming near Williamsville, while Sicily, Large, Beckwith and Little Buek runs flow into the west branch. The Katrine swamp is west of Ginals-
B. Afford
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
burg, in a basin 2,200 feet above the ocean, while west of this pond one of the feeders of Marvin creek steals north from Seven Mile summit. Howard's farm, 2,100 feet above ocean level, is on the divide between Smith brook and Five Mile run. The highest measured point in the township is at Chappel Hill, in the extreme northeast section, 2,310 feet above ocean level, but it is said the hill, 7,000 feet north, has a greater elevation. The lowest point is where the West Clarion enters Elk county, the elevation being 1,600 feet. The conglomerate bottom follows the summits, being 2,300 feet at Chappel Hill and 1,950 at Williamsville, while a little northeast, on Instanter creek, it is 2,050. From Chappel Hill to Bunker hill, a distance of two and seven-eighth miles. the dip is about 300 feet, or 104 feet per mile, and from Wilcox well No. 1 to Williamsville there is no dip. The thickness of the greatest exposure is 710 feet, which shows 285 feet of coal measures, 325 feet of Mauch Chunk and Pocono, and 100 feet of red Catskill; but from well records geologists have ascertained that the carboniferous and devonian structures exist for at least 2,500 feet in this township. The Dagus coal bed exists on the hill be- tween Red Mill brook, Beaver run and Instanter creek, at a depth of about sixty feet, and twelve feet above the limestone formation. This slaty lime- stone outerops on the old Wilcox farm, between Clermont and Warner's brook. The rock is about six feet thick, and quarrying and burning it were for years the industries of the neighborhood. As has been stated the coal bed rests over this immense deposit of lime rock, while under the coal is the white fire-clay bed, from two to three feet in depth. The Johnson run sandstone (a hard white and yellow rock) reaches a thickness of fifty feet, and is prized by build- ers much more than the Kinzua creek sandstone, which falls to pieces under the influence of the weather.
Wilcox well No. 1, on Warrant 2.676, a mile north of Elk county. was drilled in 1864 to a depth of 1,600 feet by Adams & Babcock, and subsequently drilled to 1,785 feet, when the tools were lost and work abandoned. The well, however, showed signs of life and sent up great columns of gas and water as high as 115 feet, which feat it repeated every seven minutes, until new efforts to develop it were made, when the procedure changed, the intervals of explo- sion being longer and the discharge of water greater in volume. With diffi- culty the well was tubed and oil obtained, but again was abandoned and the gas allowed to escape, a match applied, the derrick burned, and in 1871 was controlled by a wooden plug. In August, 1876, when well No. 2 was drilled, gas was carried 855 feet to be used as fuel in boring No. 2, while the surplus gas was conducted through a two-inch pipe, and discharged over a water tank, splashing the pipe and, the pressure being thus released, formed a circle of ice around the opening. In January, 1877, an effort to remove the wooden pIng resulted in taking up 175 feet of casing, when an eight-minute geyser was brought into existence. In May gas ceased to flow, but on July 14 the old seven minute explosion was renewed in wells Nos. 1 and 2, and the gas from No. 2 was used as fuel in drilling No. 3 from October, 1876, to June, 1877. In March, 1879, Hamar & Ernhout's well, at the mouth of Head brook, was down 2,230 feet, and Hamar's well on Wild-Cat run 2,000 feet
Sergeant township, in 1880, claimed 922 inhabitants. In 18SS there were sixty-four Republican and fifty Democratic. votes cast, or a total of 114, repre. senting about 570 inhabitants.
The first reference to the Cooper lands in Mckean county is contained in an old day-book, dated August 22, 1809. This book is in possession of W. J. Colegrove. Cooper's farm is mentioned (Clermont) and the names of Van Wickle, Freeman and Outgalt appear. There was a saw-mill at Cooper's
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
(trove. but Mr. Colegrove states that there was only a grist-mill on Red Mill creek. near Clermont, in 1815. In 1809 some iron was purchased from Joseph Olds for use in the old saw mill.
Alexander Van Peter Mills was the surveyor for Busti & Cooper in 1809- 10, and in August, 1810, he received $154.25 for his services from Mr. Law- rence. In August, 1810, A. Van Peter Mills surveyed the town of Instanter, and Gooding Packard received 823.32 for carrying the chain; Isaac Vantayle and George Vantayle were also chain carriers. David Combs is introduced in August as the purchaser of three quarts of whisky. As he was the first man married in the county it is thought that the occasion suggested this extrava- gance. In October the following entry is made: "Busti & Cooper, by a man Mr. Cooper left almost dead;" and in November a road was opened from the mill to Instanter, and William Neilson was allowed a dollar a day for work in the saw-mill, and was allowed $16 for going down Tobey creek with Wallace. John Harrison was blacksmith as well as Seth Marvin. The names of John Hunter, Thomas Cole and William Gygar (the first blacksmith), appear on the books at this time. Arnold Hunter, the first settler of Smethport, was at Instanter in 1811, and at this time Joel Bishop's name appears. The land office building was completed in 1811. James D. Bemis was added to the settlement, and John Stevens' printing office was established. In 1812 the office was abandaned, and the settlement practically broken up. The legends of the settlement tell of the old Catholic church of 1809, and the sudden dis- appearance of the priest in 1812. He was seen to enter the sugar bush at the end of the main street, but not a vestige of his garments or himself could be found by the searchers. Seth Marvin, John Mullander, Squire Renwick, Surveyor E. Ayers, William Armstrong, Thomas Lazenby, William Higgins, Sylvanus Russell, George Graham, Stephen Waterman, John Burrows are the names mentioned in the records of the period. In February, 1810, E. Van Wickle completed a six months' term of service for Busti & Cooper. In April. 1810, a cow bell was purchased from Ellis Pierce for the use of Instanter, and in May, Dan. Cornell purchased eleven gallons of metheglin at four shill- ings per gallon. The only persons remaining at Instanter in 1813 were Joel Bishop, - Sweeten, David Combs, Sr., Job Gifford, Sr. and Seth Marvin, while Arnold Hunter moved to Smethport, and perhaps John Hunter. Those pioneers, with others in the county from Ceres to Instanter, heard the boom of Perry's victorious cannon on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813, and the weaken- ing reply of the British guns. Their patriotism told them the story of victory long before positive news arrived.
John Wallace was a surveyor in the Instanter neighborhood in 1810. He it was who surveyed the lots for I. Rookens, south of the town; for John Hunter, on Marvin creek; for Seth Marvin, on the Nunundah; also for Will- iam Neilson, Nathaniel B. Bowens, James Travis, George Vantayle, Lorin Phillips, Thomas Lazenby, Daniel Cornell, David Combs, Paul Busti, Henry Dukintash, Reuben Priest, Joseph Phillips, John Robson, Joshua Loree, Solomon Tracy, Robert Armstrong and Louis Bronkart. He surveyed Peter Hankinson's mill lot in October, 1810, on the east side of the creek.
In May, 1817, Benjamin B. Cooper acknowledged a plat of the lands claimed by him in the fourth east Allegheny district as surveyed that year by Brewster Freeman. over the surveys of 1792. The lands were conveyed in 1812 by Paul Busti, attorney for the Holland Land Company, to B. B. Cooper and O. W. Ogden. In 1814 other tracts were conveyed to Joseph MeElvaine. On this tract, within Sergeant township, Cooper had the town of Instanter surveyed in 1817, and acknowledged this plat May 30, that year. There are
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
four public squares shown. together with church lots and cemetery, all donated to the people who would settle here. W. J. Colegrove is positive that this is a resurvey and new entry.
The assessment of Sergeant township for 1836-37. made by William Mc- Allister, gives the following names of resident tax-payers: D. A. Easterbrooks, G. and William Easterbrooks, Joseph Rhodes, William Palmer, Ransom. Simeon and Samuel Beckwith. Jacob Slyoff, Joel Bishop. Joseph Lucas (now living). William P. Wilcox (saw-mill owner). Asa Messinger (the Baptist preacher), J. Barnett. E. G. Wilson, George W. Dix. D. J. M. Howard, Will- iam A. Clough, R. S. B. Johnston, Simon J. Robins, Perry Preston, C. P. Johnson, A. J., William M. and Ann Swift, J. B. Wagor, J. M. Clark, Thomas Stafford. Lewis H. Beadle, Eliphalet Covill. Joseph P. King. John Montgom- ery (Jacob Ridgway's Clermont farm of 376 acres was assessed $1,180.50). J. Garlick, Lot Coats, Richard Wildey. Thomas Hockey. J. W. How. - Marsh, J. F. Gallup and William McAllister.
Teutonia dates back to March, 1843, when the Society of Industry (Henry Ginal, agent) established the town four miles west of Ginalsburg. The prin- ciples of this society varied a little from the older Fourier system. The capi- tal was $40,000, the acreage 40,000, including the coal hills. In the year Damed there were 450 inhabitants, a school-building and seventy or eighty log dwellings. This community divided their purchase into several districts, in each of which a town was projected. Clothing and food were distributed from the commercial store, married women were not compelled to work for the community, and all religious forms were tolerated. At Ginalsburg there were then 100 inhabitants. A stone school-house, a steam saw mill, a pottery and a furnace were projected. The dwellings were frame buildings. In 1875, when Mr. John Forest went to Clermont as paymaster for the Buffalo Coal Company, there were remains of the houses. It was a communial affair, which, like most of that class, fell to pieces. Ginalsburg is. also a town of the past. The old Wernwag farm house was at Clermont.
This township may be considered as still in a primitive condition. A few prosperous settlements exist; but its greater area is still clothed in its native trees. The construction of the Clermont and Johnsonburg branch of the Penn- sylvania Railroad system now passes through the township and already the effects of its presence are visible.
CLERMONT.
P. E. Scull, who died at Smethport, in 1867, came here early in the " twen- ties," as an agent of Jacob Ridgway, and in 1821 cleared the old Bunker Hill farm . . . . In 1827 the Red Mill was built near Clermont by I. Burlingame, who did the mason work. On the mill dam J. Green, J. Garlick and J. King worked. Ben Colegrove split rails for fencing the nursery and Orlo J. Hamlin and Kenny were attorneys in the Crooker litigation. The mill was built immedi- ately after Paul E. Scull took the agency. Seul' told Ridgway that it had a capacity of eight bushels, and the proprietor was amazed at such an extensive concern being erected in the wilderness.
In the year 1827 the Clermont farm and store of Scull & Lee were in ex- istence. Jonathan Colegrove was succeeded in July, 1852, as agent by W. J. Colegrove, the present agent, the former being general agent from 1817 to 1852. ... In May, 1847, the taverns of I. D. Dunbar and M. Goodwin were opened in Sergeant. . . . G. R. Moore & Son's mill at Clermont was burned July 17. 1887, with 100,000 feet of hemlock lumber, one car of bark and four
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HISTORY OF MCKEAN COUNTY.
empty cars. Their new mill. three miles below, was being built at this time . . the Clermont saw-mill of C. H. Moore was burned in September, 1889.
Supt. W. C. Henry, of the fuel department of the National Transit Com- pany, furnished some data, in 1885, concerning the gas wells about six miles east of Kane, from which the gas supply is drawn for the city of Bradford, and most of the National Transit Company's pump-stations in the northern field. They have secured through purchase and by drilling ten wells north of the Mckean and Elk county line on warrants 2.675, 2,729. 2.676, 2,723, 2.684, 2,695 and 2,685. Seven of the ten wells produce gas, and the other three are either salt water wells or failures for gas or oil. At some of these wells a showing of oil is found in a brown sand having a thickness of from twenty to twenty-four feet, which Mr. Henry has termed the oil sand to distinguish it from the gas sand which is found about ninety feet below. Where this gas sand has been drilled through it has been demonstrated to have a thickness of from five to seven feet. The No. 5 well, on the southeastern corner of Warrant 2,684, reached 1,943 feet where the gas sand was a depth of five feet. Well No. 6 is in the eastern part of 2,676, where a six-feet vein of sand begins at 1,776 feet. At the suggestion of Mr. Schultz, of Wilcox, this well was torpedoed, showing 250 feet of oil and 250 feet of water after standing thirty days.
The National Transit Company No. 7, known as the Frank Andrews well, is located in the northeastern corner of Warrant 2,675, and is a large gas well. The oil sand was struck at a depth of 1,762 feet and the gas sand at 1,862.
Clermont Cemetery Association was incorporated July 19, 1879, on peti- tion of L. Steinham, L. Boyer, Jacob Hafner, Caspar Hafner and John Martin.
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