USA > Tennessee > Williamson County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 1
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USA > Tennessee > History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present , together with an historical and a biographical sketch of from twenty-five to thirty counties of east Tennessee, besides a valuable fund of notes, original observations, reminiscences, etc., etc. V. 1 > Part 1
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1620303
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
1
IT
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01713 0060
GC
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyoftenness01good_2
HISTORY
OF
TENNESSEE
voc. 1
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT; TOGETHER WITH AN HISTORICAL AND A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MAURY, WILLIAMSON, RUTHERFORD, WILSON, BEDFORD AND MARSHALL COUNTIES; BESIDES A VALUABLE FUND OF NOTES, REMINISCENCES, OBSERVATIONS, ETC., ETC.
ILLUSTRATED.
NASHVILLE : THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING CC 1886.
1
1620303
The State History, only, has been
Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1886, by
THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING COMPANY. In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
PREFACE.
T HIS volume has been prepared in response to the prevailing and popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. The method of preparation followed is the most successful and the most satisfactory yet de- vised-the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated, and the most satisfactory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with local history. The number of volumes now being distributed appears fabulous. Within the last four years not less than 20,000 volumes of this class of works have been distributed in Kentucky, and the demand is not half satisfied. Careful estimates place the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000; Pennsylvania. 60.000; New York. 75.000; Indiana. 35, - 000; Illinois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000, and every other Northern State at the same proportionate rate. The Southern States, with the exception of Ken- tucky, Virginia and Georgia, owing mainly to the disorganization succeeding the civil war, yet retain, ready for the publisher, their stores of history and biography. Within the next five years the vast and valuable fund of perishing event in all the Southern States will be rescued from decay, and be recorded and preserved-to be reviewed. studied and compared by future generations. The design of the present extensive historical and biographical research is more to gather and preserve in attractive form while fresh with the evidences of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insuffi- cient contemporaneous data remote, doubtful or incorrect conclusions. The true perspective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the distance that lends enchantment to the view. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philosophical history of his own time-that, owing to conflicting cir- cumstantial evidence that yet conceals the truth, he can not take that luminous. correct, comprehensive, logical and unprejudiced view of passing events. that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring conclusions. The duty, then. of a historian of his own time is to collect. classify and preserve the material for the final historian of the future. The present historian deals in fact. the future historian, in conclusion; the work of the former is statistical, of the latter, philosophical.
To him who has not attempted the collection of historical data. the obsta- cles to be surmounted are unknown. Doubtful traditions, conflicting state- ments, imperfect records, inaccurate private correspondence, the bias or un- truthfulness of informers, and the general obscurity which envelopes all events, combine to bewilder and mislead. On the contrary, the preparation of statis-
iv
PREFACE.
tical history by experienced, unprejudiced and competent workers in special- ties; the accomplishment by a union of labor of a vast result that would cost one person the best years of his life and transfer the collection of perishing event beyond the hope of research; the judicious selection of important matter from the general rubbish; and the careful and intelligent revision of all final manuscript by an editor-in-chief, yield a degree of celerity, system, accuracy, comprehensiveness and value unattainable by any other method. The pub- lishers of this volume, fully aware of their inability to furnish a perfect his- tory, an accomplishment vouchsafed only to the dreamer or the theorist, make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. They feel as- sured that all thoughtful people, at present and in future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of their undertaking and the great public benefit that has been accomplished.
In the preparation of this volume the publishers have met with nothing but courtesy and assistance. They acknowledge their indebtedness for valuable favors to the Governor, the State Librarian, the Secretary of the State Historical ' Society and to more than a hundred of other prominent citizens of Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Jackson, Clarksville and the smaller cities of the State. It is the design of the publishers to compile and issue, in con- nection with the State history, a brief yet comprehensive historical account of every county in the State, copies of which will be placed in the State Library. In the prosecution of this work they hope to meet with the same cordial as- sistance extended to them during the compilation of this volume.
THE PUBLISHERS.
NASHVILLE, September, 1886.
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE.
"Great Grant " and "Path Deed ".
Holston Treaty, The ... 93
Incidents and Anecdotes .. 74 Killing of the Caverts, The
Massacre of Fort London ..
Massacres upon the Cumberland.
Nickajack Expedition, The.
Point Pleasant. Battle of ..
"Pocahontas of the West." The.
Rutherford's Campaign.
Shawanees, The ..
Shelby's Campaign against the Lower Towns. Sevier's Destructive Campaigns
Spanish Infinence.
Traditions of a Former Race. 53 Tennessee Soil, First Cession of.
Treaty of Hopewell, The ..
CHAPTER IV.
SETTLEMENT OF TENNESSEE 108
Brown's Settlement 124
Chisca, The Indian Village
Charleville's Trading Station
Carter's Valley, Settlement of ..
Daniel Boone ...
Donelsou's Journal. 184
Expedition of De Soto.
French and English Designs
Fort Assumption
Findley's Excursion ... 117
French Lick, First Appearance of. 123
Fort Loudon, Construction of.
Henderson's Treaty ..
Hnoting Parties, Sundry ..
" Long Hunters," The
LA Salle and Marquette. 131
Results of the Treaty of 1.63 ..
Regulators and the Scovilites, The ...
Stations on the Cumberland, The.
Snottswood's Expedition:
Traders, The French 115
Wood's Tour of Discovery.
Walker's Expedition ..... 115
Watauga Settlement, The 121 Washington District, Watauga Settlement. 125
Washington County, N. C. 120
CHAPTER V.
SETTLEMENT CONCLUDED .. 135
Affairs on the Cumberland 141
Brown's Disastrous Voyage .. 1.14,
Continental Land Warrants 139
( iinch-Cumberland Road, The. 142. 113
Catalogue of Land Grants 17.1
Chickasaw Bluit's. The ...
Land Companies, The ... 147 10 150
Military Reservations, The. 140
Perils ou the ''umberland
Provisions. How Obtained, Etc.
Settlers of West Tennessee ... 15110 1033
Territorial Government, The.
Transylvania .... 1.
West Tennessee. Settlement of
Western Purchase, The
CHAPTER VI.
ORGANIZATION
Cumberland Compret. The ..
European Charters, The .... 154 10 10.
Fastein Poundary, The
Government of the Notables. The.
Northern Boundary Question, The. ١٢٠ to ١٠٦ State of Franklin. The ....
Southern Boundary question, The Ti to In?
French Trading Stations ..
PAGE ..
GEOLOGY OF TENNESSEE
13
Area and Boundary of the State. 13
Ages, The Geologic ..... 15
Canadian Period, The
17
Coals, The ...
27
Carboniferous Age. The ..
Crab Orchard Section. The
31
Cretaceous Period, The ..
22
Cross Mountain Section, The.
33
Champlain Period. The ... 23
Coal of Raccoon District ...
30
Divisions, The Eight Natural.
15 34
Elevations, The Principal ...
40
Fossils, The Characteristic ... 36
Glacial Period, The 23
Hamilton Age, The 21 Iron Ore, The .. 31 Lower Helderberg Period, The .. 21 29
Lignitic Period, The ....
Marble Beds, The ..
Metals, The Principal. 37
Niagara Period, The
Primordial Period, The ....
10 23
Subcarboniferous Period, The ..
Soils, The Various
23
Temperature of the State, The 39
trenton i'eriod, The ...
Thirteen Tennessee Periods, The. 10
Western Iron Region, The. 35
CHAPTER II.
THE MoUND-BUILDERS 4
Age of the Mounds 56
Arguments of Judge Hay wood. 45
Classification of Earthworks 50
Contents of the Mounds, The .. 53
Carthage Cave, 'The. 5-1
Evidences of Prehistoric Occupation.
Fortifications, Etc .....
51
Location of the Earthworks 49
Mounds of Tennessee, The .... 51 to 57
Natchez, The.
48
Opinion of Bancroft, The.
12
Peruvians, The. 45
" Stone Fort." The Old. 55 47
Sun Worshipers, The ..
Tribal Resemblances.
View of Hildreth. 41
CHAPTER III.
THE INDIAN TRIBES .. 57
Avery Treaty, The ..
Battle of Chickasaw Old Field 69 Greene's Reservation .. 155
Beloved Town, The. ... 63
Battle of Long Island Flats. 73
Battle of Boyd Creek SO Nashborough
Boundary Established, A New
Battle of French Lick 59
Christian's Expediton
( bickamaugas, The ....
79
Chickasaw Treaty of 1786, The ..
Cold water Expedition, The ....
20
Cession Treaties, Numerous .95 to 108
Cherokees, The. 57
Campaign of Williamson ...... 75
Chickasaws, The.
Destruction of indian Towns
Expeditions of Serier .. .. S6,
Encounter of U'atoola and Hubbard
Expeditions of Rains ..... 91
English Supremacy and Intrigue ..
Expedition of Col. Grant ....
Earliest Indian Occupation 57
.. Watauga Association, The.
345
Recent Period, The
Eastern Iron Region, The ....
¥1
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
PAGE.
ORGANIZATION CONCLUDED 199
Administration ot Gov. Blount .. 200
Acts of the Convention of 1796 213 Acceptance of the Tennessee Cession 202
- Census of Tennessee, The First ... ¥11
Constitutional Provisions .... 224 to
928
Constitutional Convention of 1831, The
Cession Act of North Carolina, The. 199
Constitutional Convention of 1796, The 212
Cession Deed, The. 202
Constitutional Convention of 1870, The .... 297
General Assembly of the state, The First .. 219
Legislature of the Territory, The ........... 207 to 210 Pioneer Legislation 221
State Governor, The First 220
State Constitution. The First ... .... 214 10 218
Tennessee Admitted to the Union. 21S
Territorial Government Established, The 203
Territorial Officers, The 203
CHAPTER VIII.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT .. 229
Agricultural Methods, The Early 229
Census Reports, The. 552
Corn Crop, The ... 233
Cotton Gin, The Purchase of. 20
Cotton Culture 239
Fertilizers, The Use of .. 245
Farmers of Middle Tennessee. The. 232
Farmers of East Tennessee, The ... 230
Hay and the Grasses 212
Hemp, Flax, Sorghum, Etc.
Live Stock 215
Maple Sugar. 245
" Money Crops," The. 236
Methods of Agriculture Compared.
Poultry, Butter, Cheese Honey, Etc 249
Peanuts, The Growth of. 911
Potatoes, Sweet and Irish 935
Rye, Barley, Oats, Buck wheat, Etc ... 235
Tobacco Crop. The
Wheat Crop, The. 234
CHAPTER IX.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CONCLUDED .. 253
Bureau of Agriculture, Ite ..
Coal Productions, The .. .265 to 207
Copper Ore, The Mining of. 270
Cotton Seed Oil .... 273
Cotton Goods. The Manufacture of. 273
Flour-Milling Industry, The .. 2,1
Gunpowder ..
275
Iron Industries, The. 260 to 264
Industrial Development .. 272
Leather, Boots and Shoes, Etc. 270
Lamber Productions and Traffic, The. 259
Marble Quarries, The ... 26; to 270
Paper, The Production of. 275
Timber of the state, The ... 253 to 259 Whisky Products, The Enormous .. .977, 278.
Woolen Goods, The Manufacture of .. 271
CHAPTER X.
STATE INSTITUTIONS .. 250
Ancient Order of United Workmen 320 Bureau of Agriculture, Mites, Etc. 308
Fast Tennessee Invane Assoluto. 293 Grand Anay of the Republic.
Institutions for the Hhud
Iosane Hospital at. Nashville, The 90! Jackson's Equestrian Statue 224 Halghts of Honor, Giraud Lodge 315
Knightsof Pythias, Grand Lodge
318
Knights and Ladies of Honor .. 316 Legion of Honor, Grand Council. 329
Masonic Grand Lodge, The. 349
(Ba Fellows Grand Lodge, The. 311
Royal Arcania, Grand Council 321
State Capitol Located, The 280
Rate Library, The ..
State House, Construction of the .. .....
State Penitentiary. The ...... 25.1 State Historical Society. The.
State Medical Society, The .. 302
State Board of Health, The ... 345
Tennessee Deaf and Dumb School, The .. 287 Tennessee Agricultural and Horticultural Society. 307
West Tennessee Insane Asylum. 294
CHAPTER XI.
STATE INSTITUTIONS CONCLUDED. 323
Counties, The Formation of 361, 362
Commercial Highways. 335 Funding of the Debt, The 328 to 350
Gubernatorial Election Heturus .. 256 Internal Improvement Systems, The 337 Presidential Election Returns. 355, 359
Population of the State, Aggregate. 201 Receipts and Expenditures, The Early ..
Railroads, The Sale of. .... 330
Receipts and Expenses, Catalogue of.
Repudiation, The Question of. 320
Railway Enterprises. .34010 348
Railway Commission. The. 348
State Indebtedness. The First 326
Steam-boat Navigation. 348
State Bonds, Total Issue of. 357
State Officers, Catalogue of ... 350 to 356
State Banks, The .. 331 to 335
State Debt Proper, The .. 327 to 329
CHAPTER XI.
BENCH AND BAR OF TENNESSEE. 363
Courts of the Watauga Settlement ... 363
Courts on the Cumberland 867
Circuit Courts, The .. 370
Colots of the Constintion of 170G.
Courts of the Constitution of 1>51 375
Courts of the Constitution of isto .. 378
Impeachment, Cases of .... 379
Profesional Character of Dist nguished Members of the Bench and Bar of Tea- ne see. 3.2 to 412
Territorial Courts. The .....
United States Conris, The.
Washington and sullivan County Courts. 361
CHAPTER XIIL
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 413,
Colleges Chartered.
Cointy Academies. The ..
Constitutional Educational Provisions
Common School Convention, The. 428
Colored Education. 431
Common Schools, The
Cumberland College
Endowment Funds, The 315
Educational Systems Compared.
East Tennessee Colleze.
Educational Tax, The First
Educational Statistics
Graded Schools, The 4:0
Gigantic Problem of 1565, The ... 4.31
Provincial schocks. The. 413
Public Schools Established ..
Peabody Fund, The
State Colleges Founded.
School Lands, Disposal of the
Superintendents of Public Instruction.
School Offeers, Duties of.
State Normal School, The
Special school Fmmais ....
state Board of Elu ation. -117
School Funds, Creation of the.
Schools in Tennessee, The First ..
Tennessee Industriel college.
West. Tennessee College.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE FANTOLY WARS
British. Battles with the .. 1:1
Charleston. The Capture of
( reeks. The War with the ..
Entschapen. Handle of.
Backron's First Battle
Jackson, Activity of.
King'S Mountain, Battle of.
Mexican War, The.
PAGE.
Treasury of the State, The 32-1 Fruit Crops. The .. 3, 251 ·):
1
-
CONTENTS
vii .
PAGE.
New Orleans, The Movement upon. 167
New Orleans, Jackson's Victory at .. 468
Seminole War, The. 439
Tories of East Tennessee, The. 451
Talladega, Battle of. 463
Tohopeka, Battle of ... 465
Texas-Mexican War, The 472
Tennessee Troops Sent to Mexico ........ .474 to 476
War of IS12, The .. 461
Wahoo Swamp, Battle of 472
CHAPTER XV.
FEDERAL MILITARY HISTORY 477
Burnside's Occupation of East Tennessee .. 490
Bridge Burners Ordered Hanged. 4.8
Campbell's Station. Battle of .... 491
Confederate Movements. 486
Fishing Creek, Battle of. 4SS
Federal Troops Furnished, Total.
497
General Movements. 489
Greenville Union Convention, The. 481
Issue Joined, The. 43
Knoxville Union Convention, The ..
479
Knoxville, Siege of.
492
Longstreet es. Burnside 491
Loyalty of East Tennessee 477
495
Regimental Sketches ..... 497 to 5 2
Skirmishes, The Concluding .. 198
Union Leaders, The ..... 478
Union Regiments Organized. 48-1
CHAPTER XVI.
CONFEDERATE MILITARY HISTORY 513
Army Bill, The ... 529
Aris, Condition and Quantity 515
Amt Societies. 539
Advance to Columbus, The. 513
Army Rolls ... .395 to 617
Belmont, Battle of. 545
Call to Arms, The ..
518
Confederate Government. The .. 535
Chickamauga, Battle of.
656
Confederate Mine, Danger to the.
5-47
Confederate Forces, Aggregate .... 546
Defensive Measures, Extent of ... .536 to 539
Election Returns of June 8 ...
532 to 534
Evacuation of Middle Tennessee. 550
February Convention, The. 514
Fishing Creck, Battle of. 517
Fort Henry, Fall of. 548
Franklin, Battle of ... 560
Fort Donelson. Fall of. 518
Georgia Campaign, The ... 559
Legislature Convened, The. 515
Militia, Reorganization of the ... 515
Military League. The ...
528 540
Memphis, Surrender of
553
Military Appointments.
530
Murfreesboro. Battle of ..
555
Missionary Ridge, Battle of ..
557
Neutrality Question, The ..
314
Nashville, Federal Occupation of ..
549
Nashville, Battle of 500
Ordinance of Secession, The ...
520 541
Ordnance, The Manufacture of.
Perryville, Battle of ... 554
Fosition of the General Assembly 516 Reserve Corps, The ..... 549
Rock Castle Hills, Battleof .. 5-14
Regimental Sketches .. 695 State Sovereignty and Secession .. 515
Shiloh, Battle of. 500 Secession Overwhelmingly Favored .. 51: Pennessce Admitted to the Confederacy 635 Forrest. Gen. N. P.
Troops, Call for and Refusal to Fornish. 517
CHAPTER XVU
TENNESSEE LITERATURE.
Brownlow
Bright 828
Brunner
Baskerville C25 Baldwin .. 625 Brown
Chattanooga Press, The.
Crockett 623
Carr 6:25
Cross .. 629
Fitzgerald
French.
Geological Authors. 623
Guild 624
Graves (Joseph C.). 024
Graves (Adelia.C.).
Gilchrist. 629
Harrison 624
613
Journalismi.
Ketchum
Knoxville Press, The. 629
Jaw. 628
Lindsley (Phillip)
Lindsley (J. Berrien). 624 010
Legal Authors
626
Murfree ..
626
Memphis Press, The
63;
MeAdoo.
McAnally
621 621
Martin ..
622
MeTveire .. 6:22
Medical Authors 622
Maury
Nelson 27 Nashville Press, The. 623 632 619
Putnam.
Pearson
Ramsey CIS 621
Redford
Ryan . 622
Rivers 622
Summers.
Tannehill 625
CHAPTER XVIII.
RELIGIOUS HISTORY ...
Arminianism. The Creed of .. 6.19
Buildings Frected, The first.
Baptist Church, 'The ..... 687 Church and State. Union of. 6-10
Camp-Meeting, The first ... 650
Creeds, Formation of the ... CSS Cumberland Presbyterian Church, The €59
Christian Church, The. 500
Catholic Church, The.
Colored Churches, The.
Episcopal Church, The
Irreligion Punished ..
Jerks, The ... 651 to $55 Jerks, The Cause of the. .655 to 6'7
Jewish Church, The ..
Lutheran Church. The ..
Methodist Church, The ..
Methodist Church South 676
Methodist Statistics ... 676 to
Methodist Book Concern, The .. 679 Preaching in Tennessee, The first. € 45
Presbyterian Church, The .. 6-0
Revival, The Great ... 619 to 651
Religious Intolerance 633 Separation of Church and State .. 016
Slavery Divides the Church
University of the South, The.
CHAPTER XIX.
BIOGRAPHICAL CHAPTER.
Blount. Gor. William ...
Bell, Hon. John.
Brown ow, Gor. William G.
Carroll, Gov. Williams
Crockett, Col. David
Grundy, Hon. Felix
Haywood, Judge John.
Houston, troy Sam.
Jackson, President Andrew.
720
Johnson, President Audrew
Pol':, President Jatues K
Robertson. Gen. JaDr ......
Sevier, Gov. John .....
White, Hoa. Hugh L
.. Zollicotter, Gen. Felix K.
PAGE.
Haywood
MeFerrin.
Morgan, The Killing of ..
Burnside in Fast Tennessee ..
Militia Transferred to the Confederacy
-----
Johnson, Hon. Cave. 737
vijf
CONTENTS.
MAURY COUNTY.
PAGE.
MAURY COUNTY 749
Boundary, etc ...
751
Court Houses, The First. 752
County Seat Located .. 766
Chartered, Various Companies
Churches.
Courts. The First ..
Early Settlers
749
Incorporation ...
768
Lawyers, List of ..
764
Newspapers ..
773
Senators and Representatives
759
Schools.
77S
Turnpikes, etc .. 753
Trials of Causes 760
784 War Record
WILLIAMSON COUNTY.
WILLIAMSON COUNTY. 787
Business of Franklin 802 to S01
Courts. The. 793
Educational Institutions. 805
Franklin ...
801
Geology. Drainage, etc ... 787
Members of General Assembly 791
Press, The,
Organization of the County 789
Paupers, The. 790
Religious Institutions. 806
Settientent, etc .. 758
Turnpikes, etc ...
799
War Record ,797 to 801
RUTHERFORD COUNTY.
THERFORD COUNTY 815
Agricultural Society, The. 818
County Organized 813
Courts, The $19 to $23
Churches 837
County Officers $18
County seat. S14
Drainage. Geology, etc 810
Industries, The Early 812 Chickamauga ..
Murfreesboro .. 326
Medical Society, The. 817
Public Buildings.
815
Press. The.
$31
Hallronds, Turnpikes, etc 16
Neerst societies 832
Settlement 811
School ..
835
Wara, The.
.$23 to 820
WILSON COUNTY.
WILSON COUNTY ... 310
Buildings ..
County Organized, The. 811 Courts, The. 646 to 850 Ducation 858 1
Geology ....... 840
Land Entries
853 to 855 Military Record. 850 to 852
Mining Interests. 543
853
Others 850
Religion . 860 settlement 841, 842
Villages, The smaller. 856, 857
BEDFORD COUNTY.
BEproRM COUNTY 861 County, Formation of the 864
Counts, The Various .557 10 :71 · Larcher
Highways.
Land Grants
Mills, Distilleries, Cotton Gins, etc ..
Military Matters ¿7i to 8.3 Newspapers ..
Other Towns ..
Public Buildings. 805, Sar
Surface Features
782 Statistics, Population, etc
Shelbyville .. 53
Schools.
MARSHALL COUNTY.
MARSHALL COUNTY
County Seat ...
Courts, The ..
Churches 000
County Officers.
Lewisburg. $96 to
Mounds, etc , The.
Natural Features
Schools
Societies
Statistics ..
SaS
Settlement
Villages. The Smalier
693, 890
War Record 593, 93C
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.
Bedford County 1128
Maury County
Marshall County 115++ --
Rutherford County Williamson County
Wilson County .. 1077
PORTRAITS MAPS AND VIEWS
Aboriginal Map ... .Frontispiece
Alexander, B. 1' between 1020. 1021
Blind Asyhin. 124 125
Bell, John -,
Blount, Williame. 41
Brownlow, W. G.
Chapel, University of the South
Crockett David.
137
Dorelson
Deaf and Durob Asylum
..
589
Grandy, Felix
Hodgson, Rev. Telfai. ...
652
1 .: 1
Insane Asybin, East Tena ..
Jackson's Statue.
Jackson, Andrew
Johnson, Audrew.
=
Johnson, Care
Murfreesboro ....
Missionary Ridge.
Nashville ..
Normal School
Partlow, T. . A.
Polk. James K .. 396.
Roberton. James.
Robison, W. D. 823.
Shiloh ...
Brate Capital.
.: .
Sevier, John.
3 20,
221
Sharks. J. W
Stockard, G. W
Thompson Hall, University of tho South ...
..
Tennessee University
University of the South 2
View on Livery River 14,
View on Falls creek
189
410.
Franklin
Fussell, J. H. ESS.
765
Insane Asylum, West Tenn.
PAGE.
759
HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
CHAPTER I .*
GEOLOGY OF THE STATE-BOUNDARY AND AREA-DRAINAGE AND MEAN ELEVA- TION-GENERAL TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES-NATURAL GEOLOGICAL DIVIS- IONS -- CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF STRATA-TENNESSEE GEOLOGICAL PERIODS-LOCAL DETAILS-VARIETIES OF SOIL-THE COAL INTERESTS -- LOCAL STRATIFICATION -- ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF COALS-IRON DE- POSITS AND VARIETIES-PALEONTOLOGY-COPPER AND GALENITE-OTHER METALS-THE MARBLE BEDS -- HYGROMETRY AND TEMPERATURE-PRINCI- PAL ELEVATIONS OF THE STATE.
THE southern boundary of the State of Tennessee coincides mainly 1 with the thirty-fifth parallel of north latitude, while the northern boundary is a broken line lying between the parallels thirty-six degrees and twenty-nine minutes and thirty-six degrees and forty-one minutes north latitude. The mean breadth is slightly more than 109 miles, and the mean length about 385 miles, the general outline forming a long trapezoid. The State comprises an area of about 42.000 square miles. The general elevation above the sea, excepting the leading highest and lowest localities, is about 900 feet. The entire surface of the State, ex- cepting a small tract on the southeast, the waters of which find their way into Georgia, is drained by the tributaries of the Ohio and Missis- sippi Rivers, the most important being Tennessee, Cumberland, Forked Deer, Obion and Hatchie.
On the eastern boundary of the State, with numerous outliers and projections, are the Appalachian Mountains.{ consisting of high ranges more or less parallel, with isolated peaks and domes, all interspersed with numerous ravines, creeks and coves, and the entire region presenting the most picturesque and romantic scenery of the State. Westward of this mountainous system to just beyond the Tennessee River spreads a broad valley with most distinguishing features. The general surface is uniform, but is cut up with numerous long, high ridges extending northeast and southwest, surmounted with occasional mountainous elevations, and
*Adapted to this volume from the report of the State Geologist.
+Named by the Spaniards under De Suto, who derived the term from the Indians .- Am. Cyc.
1
14
HISTORY OF TENNESSEE.
broken here and there by gaps, or is dotted with innumerable knobs. often mountainous. all of which are encircled with valleys, linear or cury -. ing. to correspond with the elevation. The general surface, excluding the extremes, is about 900 feet above the level of the sea. The entire valley with all its coves and extensions has an area of about 9,200 square miles. Westward of this valley lies the Cumberland Table-land, the eastern boundary of which is high and almost unbroken from Kentucky to Alabama, while the western boundary is very irregular, with less elevation and with numerous valley and stream indentations. Though the table-land contains many streams and small valleys, it is, in the main, of uniform surface, but broken with mountainous ridges and knobs, par- ticularly in the northeastern portion. The mean elevation is about 2.000 feet, and the extent is about 5,100 square miles. West of the table-land is the Central Basin, having the general outline of an ellipse, with a length (nearly north and south ) of about 121 miles, and a width of. from fifty-five to sixty miles. It comprises about 5.451 square miles, and has a mean elevation of from 500 to 600 feet. The surface is knobby or billowy, with numerous large and very fertile tracts. Outside of the basin, entirely encircling it, is the Highland Rim, an extremely hilly portion of the State. It is over 1,000 feet above the sea. The hills on each side of the western valley of the Tennessee are from 800 to 1.000 feet above the sea, while the elevation of the valley at Hamburgh is only 392 feet. The Mississippi slope of West Tennessee, though in the main level, is veined with peculiar stream valleys, is about eighty-four miles wide, stretches north and south across the State and terminates abruptly on the west with the bluff deposits which skirt the valley of the Mississippi. The bluffs reach the river at Memphis, at the lower part of Tipton County, at Randolph and at Fulton. The mean elevation is abont 450 feet, and the extent about 8, 850 square miles. The Missis- sippi Valley is low, swampy and level. Reelfoot Lake, lying in this valley, was formed during the volcanic convulsions of 1811-12, when Reelfoot Creek, which then emptied into the Mississippi, was dammed up and its water spread out over a tract of country from three-fourths to three miles wide and eighteen miles long, forming the present lake, which finally forced an outlet through Obion River. The elevation of the valley is about 215 feet at Memphis and 295 feet on the northern boundary of the State.
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