USA > Tennessee > Williamson County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > Maury County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > Rutherford County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > Wilson County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > Bedford County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > Marshall County > History of Tennessee, from the earliest time to the present; together with an historical and a biographical sketch of Maury, Williamson, Rutherford, Wilson, Bedford and Marshall counties, besides a valuable fund of notes, reminiscences, observations, etc., etc. Vol. 1 > Part 18
USA > Tennessee > History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present , together with an historical and a biographical sketch of from twenty-five to thirty counties of east Tennessee, besides a valuable fund of notes, original observations, reminiscences, etc., etc. V. 1 > Part 18
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olina, was a man remarkable for size; his weight was never known, but was estimated at 800 pounds.
Samuel Wilson owned the land on which the city of Lexington now stands; this was set apart for the city in 1822. The land office was ;established at the house of Samuel Wilson in the same year.
The rich and attractive lands on the Tennessee in the southeastern portion of this county was first to attract immigrants. Almost as soon as the Indian title was extinguished, 1818, immigrants began to pour into this section of the newly acquired territory. That portion of the country iknown as Hardin County was laid off in 1820 and named in honor of Capt. John Hardin, of Revolutionary fame. James Hardin settled at the mouth of Horse Creek, a tributary entering the Tennessee not far from Savannah, in 1818 or 1819. and a horse-mill was erected on the same istream by Charles B. Nelson in 1819. It was doubtless from this source .that the stream got its name. T. C. Johnson, Lewis Faulkner, Samuel Faulkner and Daniel Robinson settled on Turkey Creek about 1820. . Hiram Boon settled on a small stream that was afterward called Boon's Creek. James White gave a name to a small creek, a tributary of Horse .Creek. Thomas White became a resident on Flat Gap Creek in 1819. Samuel Parmley, Thomas Cherry and Samuel Bruton became residents jof this section at a little later period, all of whom were on the east side of the river. On the west side of the river, opposite the mouth of Horse Creek, Simpson Lee, Nathaniel Way and James McMahan took claims in 1818 or 1819. The pioneers were compelled, before the erection of mills, to depend upon the mortar or hand-mill for meal. This being father a slow process water or horse-mills were encouraged and liberally patronized. A water-mill was built by Jesse Lacewell, on Smith's Fork of Indian Creek, in 1819, and another about the same time and near the 'same place by John Williams. Few regular ferries were to be found at that time. The Indian with his light or birch-bark canoe was enabled to cross the stream at almost any time as he could carry his boat with him. It was not till after his white brother got possession of the country that regular ferries were established. Among the first of these was one at Rudd's Bluff, just above where Savannah now stands. This was in 1818. Lewis H. Broyles opened a store in this section in 1819-20. His goods were loaded on a flat-boat in East Tennessee and floated down the Tennessee to the place of landing. The first marriage cere- mony in this county was performed by Rev. James English in 1818. the contracting parties being A. B. Gantt and Miss M. Boon. All the necessary wants of a civilized and progressive people were soon supplied to these people, as a school was being taught near Hardinsville in 1820,
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by Nathaniel Casey; a church of the Primitive Baptists was built on Turkey Creek in 1819-20, with Rev. Charles Riddle as pastor; a cotton- gin was built by James Boyd on Horse Creek in 1822. Courts were established in January, 1820, at the house of Col. James Hardin, near the mouth of Horse Creek. A small log court house was soon after erected, having a dirt floor and dimensions 16x20 feet. A large hollow tree sufficed for an improvised jail.
Immediately west of Hardeman County lies McNairy; this county being away from any of the larger streams immigrants did not reach it' quite so early as some of the counties whose location was geographically' more favorable. Among the pioneers of this county were Abel Oxford, who settled on Oxford Creek below the mouth of Cypress; also Quincy Hodge and William S. Wisdom with their families settled in the south- west part of the county. Others were John Shull, Peter Shull, John? Plunk, John Woodburn and Francis Kirby, whose son, Hugh Kirby, was the first white child born, 1821, in the county. James Reed and Allen Sweat came from North Carolina and settled in McNairy about 1824. John Chambers and N. Griffith established the first business house in' the county. A water-mill was built on Cypress Creek in 1824, by Boyd' & Barnesett.
Lying in the upper valley of the Big Hatchie is Hardeman County. Settlements began in this portion of West Tennessee in 1819-20. Among the first and for whom the county was named was Col. Thomas J.' Hardeman, also Col. Ezekiel Polk, his son William Polk and son-in-law: Thomas McNeal. Before permanent settlements began a number of tran-" sient persons had squatted in different parts of the county. Among them ' was Joseph Fowler, who settled at Fowler's Ferry, about sixteen miles south of Bolivar. The next permanent settlement was made by William Shinault in the southwest part of the county, not far from Hickory Val- ley. Jacob Purtle raised a crop of corn near "Hatchie Town," in the.' neighborhood ot Thomas McNeal's in 1821. William Polk made a crop' the same year, five miles north of Bolivar. On the organization of the - county court, in 1823, he was made chairman. A mill was built by Sam-' uel Polk on Pleasant Run Creek, one and one-half miles east of the pres -? ent site of Bolivar, about 1823; a second one was built on Mill Creek' about six miles south of Bolivar, in the same year, for Col. John Murray: by John Golden. A school was taught in the Shinault neighborhood in' 1823-24 by Edwin Crawford. Maj. John H. Bills and Prudence McNeal' were the first couple united in marriage in that vicinity by the laws of. civilization. The steam-boat "Roer," commanded by Capt. Newman, » was the first to stem the waters of Hatchie as far up as Bolivar. . .. ...
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Fayette County began to be settled about 1822-23. Among the first was Thomas J. Cocke, who came from North Carolina and settled in the northwest part of the county in 1823. R. G. Thornton and Joel Lang- ham followed soon after. Where Somerville now stands the lands were entered by George Bowers and James Brown some time before 1S25. Bears and wolves and other beasts of the forest were then holding almost undisputed sway throughout the territory. Joseph Simpson claimed to have killed a bear, near where the court house of the county now stands, in 1824. The county seat, Somerville, was named in honor of Lieut. Robert Somerville, who was killed at Horseshoe Bend in bat- tle with the Indians. Other settlers were David Jornegan, Thomas Cook, Daniel Head (a gunsmith), Horace Loomis, Dr. Smith, Henry Kirk, Henry M. Johnson, William Owen, L. G. Evans, William Ramsey, Daniel Cliff and John T. Patterson, with their families.
The oldest and most wealthly division in West Tennessee is Shelby County. Could the rocks and rills speak, or "the books in running brooks" and "the tongues in trees" tell their story of the past, volumes of un- told interest would be revealed to us which must forever remain hidden. It is problematical whether the adventurous Spaniard, DeSoto, in the year 1540, was the first white man to tread the soil of this portion of Tennessee or whether it was left to the French Father Marquette or Bienville; yet this much is certain, it is historic ground, around which cluster many events having great weight in the march of civilization. Known as it was for more than 200 years with its inviting prospects, it seems strange that the polished hand of civilization should have been held back so long. The Chickasaw Bluffs were long a place of getting or receiving supplies between the whites and Indians; it did not become a place of permanent abode for the whites till about 1818-19. Among the first settlers in Shelby County were Joel Kagler and James Williams. Shelby was admitted into the sisterhood of counties on November 24, 1819, although the first court was not held until May 1, 1824. This was opened at Chickasaw Bluffs on the above date. As few if any roads were open for travel through the county, the first was opened from Mem- phis to the Taylor Mill settlement on Forked Deer River. Persons con- nected with road officially were Thomas H. Persons, John Fletcher, John C. McLemore, Marcus B. Winchester, Charles Holeman and William Erwin. William Irvine was the legalized ferryman at Memphis in 1820. The following were the rates charged: Each man and horse, $1; each loose horse, 50 cents; each hog or sheep, 25 cents; each four-wheeled carriage drawn by four horses, the wagon being empty, $3; the same, loaded, $5; each four-wheeled vehicle and two horses, $1.50; the
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same, loaded, $2.50. The first ordinaries or houses of entertainment were kept in the city of Memphis in 1820 by Joseph James and Patrick Meagher. These houses were regulated by law as to charges, board being $2.50 to $3.50 per week or $1 per day. A horse was kept at $2.50 a week or 50 cents per day. The court was somewhat itinerant in its nature at first, having been changed to Raleigh in 1827, and then to Colliersville in 1837. Peggy Grace is said to have purchased the first lot after the city of Memphis was laid out. Among the earliest settlers in the county were W. A. Thorp, who owned a grant near the old State line-a little north of it-and Peter Adams, who settled near the same place, a little south of the old line. On Big Creek, in 1820, were settled Jesse Benton, Charles McDaniel, D. C. Treadwell, Samuel Smith and Joel Crenshaw. In the vicinity of Raleigh were Dr. Benjamin Hawkins, William P. Reaves, Thomas Taylor and William Sanders. The first American white child born in Shelby County was John W. Williams, in 1822. The steam-boat, "Etna" was the first to make regular trips to the wharf at Memphis early in the decade of the twenties. A brief retrospect shows that in a few years after the Indian title was extin- guished in West Tennessee, the whole country was changed as if by magic into an abode of civilization, wealth and refinement. In less than a decade every part of it was organized into counties, having their courts, churches, schools and accumulating wealth.
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CHAPTER VI.
ORGANIZATION-THE EUROPEAN CHARTERS-PROPRIETARY GRANTS-THE BOUND- ARY CONTROVERSIES-CAUSES OF DISPUTE-FAILURE OF ATTEMPTED SET- TLEMENT OF THE QUESTION-FINAL ESTABLISHMENT-NEW CAUSES FOR DISPUTE-EXTENSION OF THE NORTHERN LINE-THE WALKER AND THE HENDERSON . SURVEYS-THE RESULTING CONFUSION-OPINION OF GOV. BLOUNT-THE DEMANDS OF KENTUCKY-NEGOTIATIONS-ILLOGICAL POSI- TION OF TENNESSEE-THE COMPROMISE OF 1820-THE READJUSTMENT OF 1860 -THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY ESTABLISHED IN 1818 AND IN 1821-THE WATAUGA ASSOCIATION-OFFICERS AND LAWS-THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NOTABLES-THE. "COMPACT" OR "AGREEMENT"-LAWS-THE STATE OF FRANKLIN-CAUSES WHICH LED TO ITS FORMATION-FORM OF GOVERNMENT -- THE FIRST LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY-INTERFERENCE OF NORTH CAROLINA -RESISTANCE OF GOV. SEVIER-RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION -- CONFLICT OF AUTHORITY -- SEVERE MEASURES-FALL OF THE STATE OF FRANKLIN.
THE first charter granted by an English sovereign to an English T subject to lands in North America, was by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, to any lands he might discover in North America. Its date was about June 11, 1578, and it was to be of perpetual efficacy provided the plantation should be established within six years. After several failures Sir Humphrey made a determined effort in 1583 to plant a colony on the island of Newfoundland, which resulted fatally to himself, his little bark of ten tons going down in a storm with himself and all on board.
The second grant was by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh, and was dated March 26, 1584. It was similar in its provisions, to that granted to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, and as Sir Walter's patent included . what is now Tennessee, those provisions may be briefly stated in this connection. They are worthy of particular attention, as they unfold the ideas of that age respecting the rights of " Christian rulers," to countries inhabited by savage nations, or those who had not yet been brought under the benign influences of the gospel.
Elizabeth authorized Sir Walter to discover, and take possession of all barbarons lands unoccupied by any Christian prince or people, and vested in him, his heirs and assigns forever, the right of property in the soil of those countries of which he should take possession. Permission was given such of the Queen's subjects as were willing to accompany Sir Walter to go and settle in the countries which he might plant, and he was empowered, as were also his heirs and assigns, to dispose of what-
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ever portion of those lands he or they should judge fit to persons settling there in fee simple according to the laws of England; she conferred upon him, his heirs and assigns, the complete jurisdiction and royalties, as well marine as other within the said lands and seas thereunto adjoin- ing, and gave him full power to convict, punish, pardon, govern and rule in causes capital and criminal, as well as civil, all persons who should from time to time settle in these countries, according to such laws and ordinances, as should by him, or by his heirs and assigns, be devised and established.
Raleigh, one of the most enterprising, accomplished and versatile men of his time was eager to undertake and execute the scheme of settling his grant, and, in pursuit of this design, despatched two small vessels under command of Amadas and Barlow, two officers of trust, to visit the coun- try which he intended to settle. In order to avoid the serious error made by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in coasting too far north, Raleigh's captains selected the course by the Canary and West India Islands, and arrived on the American coast July 4, 1584, landing on the island of Wocoken. Raleigh's grant was named by the Queen "Virginia," in commemoration of her state of life. But notwithstanding the precautions of the captains, and the smiles of the virgin queen upon the various attempts made to settle this grant, these attempts all terminated no less disastrously than had Sir Gilbert's, and at the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, in 1603, not a solitary Englishman had effected a permanent settlement on North American soil.
In 1607, however, a more successful effort was made to form a perma- nent English colony on this continent at Jamestown, in Virginia. In 1609 a second charter was granted to this colony, investing the company with the election of a council, and the exercise of legislative power inde- _ pendent of the crown. In 1612 a third patent conferred upon the com- . pany a more democratic form of government, and in 1619 the colonists were themselves allowed a share in legislation. In 1621 a written con- stitution was brought out by Sir Francis Wyatt, under which constitution each colonist became a freeman and a citizen. The colony prospered, and extended its southern boundaries to Albemarle Sound, upon which the first permanent settlers of North Carolina pitched their tents, hav- ing been attracted in this direction by reports of an adventurer from Virginia, who, upon returning from an expedition of some kind, spoke in the most glowing terms of the kindness of the people, of the excellence of the soil and of the salubrity of the climate.
Representations of this kind reaching England had the effect of stimulating into activity the ambition and cupidity of certain English
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courtiers, and on March 24, 1663, Charles II made a grant to Edward, Earl of Clarendon, "hated by the people, faithful to the king;" Monk, "conspicuous in the Restoration, now the Duke of Albemarle;" Lord Craven, "brave cavalier, supposed to be the husband of the Queen of Bo- hemia;" Lord Ashley Cooper, afterward Earl of Shaftesbury; Sir John Colleton; Lord John Berkeley and his younger brother, Sir William Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret, "passionate, ignorant and not too honest," the grant including the country between the thirty-first and thirty-sixth parallels of latitude, and extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Notwithstanding the extent of this grant the proprietaries above named, in June, 1665, secured by another patent its enlargement and an enlargement of their powers. This second charter granted by King Charles II was in part as follows:
CHARLES THE SECOND, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND IRELAND, KING, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, ETC.
WHEREAS, By our letters patent, bearing date the 24th of March, in the fifteenth year of our reign, we were graciously pleased to grant unto our right trusty and right well beloved cousin and counsellor, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our high chancellor of Eng- land [here follow the names of the other grantees as given above] all that province. territory or tract of ground called Carolina, situate, lying and being within our dominions of America, extending from the north end of the island called Luke Island, which lieth in the southern Virginia seas, and within thirty-six degrees of north latitude, and to the west as far as the South seas, and so south respectively as far as the river Matthias, which bor- dereth upon the coast of Florida and within thirty-one degrees of northern latitude, and so west in a direct line as far as the South seas aforesaid.
Know ye, that at the humble request of the said grantees, we are graciously pleased to enlarge our said grant unto them according to the bounds and limits hereafter specified, and in favor of the pious and noble purpose* of the said Edward, Earl of Clarendon [the names of the other proprietaries here follow], their heirs and assigns, all that province, territory or tract of land, situate, lying and being within our dominions of America as aforesaid, extending north and eastward as far as the north end of Currituck River or Inlet, upon a straight line westerly to Wyonoak Creek, which lies within or about the degree of thirty-six and thirty minutes, north latitude, and so west in a direct line as far as the South seas, and south and westward as far as the degree of twenty-nine, inclusive, of northern latitude, and so west in a direct line as far as the South seas, together with all and singu. lar the ports, harbors, bays, rivers and inlets belonging unto the province and territory aforesaid.
'This grant was made June 30, 1665, and embraced the territory now included in the following States: North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas, and parts of Florida, Missouri, Texas, New Mexico and California. The line of thirty- six degrees and thirty minutes extending from the top of the Alleghany Mountains to the eastern bank of the Tennessee River, separates Virginia and Kentucky from Tennessee. The powers granted to the lords, pro- prietors of this immense province, were those of dictating constitutions
*This pious and noble purpose was none other than the increase of their own worth and dignity.
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and laws for the people by and with the advice and assent of the freemen thereof, or the greater part of them, or of their delegates or deputies, who were to be assembled from time to time for that purpose.
This munificent grant was surrendered to the King July 25, 1729, by seven of the eight proprietors under authority of an act of parliament (2nd George, 2nd ch., 34), each of the seven receiving £2,500, besides a small sum for quit rents. The eighth proprietor, Lord Carteret, after- ward Earl Granville, on the 17th of September, 1744, relinquished his claim to the right of government, but by a commission appointed, jointly by the King and himself, was given his eighth of the soil granted by the charter, bounded as follows: "North by the Virginia line, east by the Atlantic, south by latitude thirty-five degrees thirty-four minutes north, and west as far as the bounds of the charter." Prior to this the govern- ment of Carolina had been proprietary; but now (after 1729) it became regal, and the province was divided into two governments, North and South Carolina, in 1732. The Georgia Charter, issued in 1732, comprised much of the Carolina grant, but after 1752 the proprietors gave up the . government, which also then became regal. Tennessee from this time until the treaty of Paris, in 1782, continued the property of the British Government, when all right to it was relinquished to North Carolina.
It may be interesting to the general reader to learn that the descendant of Lord Carteret, who had become the Earl of Granville before the Revolutionary war, brought suit a short time before the war of 1812 in the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of North Carolina, for the recovery of his possessions. The case, as we learn from the Hon. W. H. Battle, formerly one of the judges of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, was tried before C. J. Marshall, and Judge Potter, who was then the district judge, and resulted in a verdict and judgment against the plaintiff, whereupon he appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Before the case could be heard in that court the war of 1812 came on, which put a stop to it and it was never revived.
William Gaston (afterward Judge Gaston), then a young man, appeared in the suit for the plaintiff, and Messrs. Cameron (afterward Judge Cameron), Baker (afterward Judge Baker) and Woods appeared for the defendants. The question was whether Lord Granville's rights, which had been confiscated by the State of North Carolina during the Revolutionary war, had been restored by the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain. The case was never reported. Thus passed away the last vestige of the most munificent gift of which history makes mention. *
*Killebrew's Resources of Tennessee.
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The twenty-fifth section of the Declaration of Rights of North Caro- lina at the time of the adoption of her constitution in December, 1776, so far as it relates to the boundary of that State, is as follows:
The property of the soil in a free government being one of the essential rights of the collective body of the people, it is necessary in order to avoid future disputes, that the limits of the State should be ascertained with precision; and as the former temporary line between North and South Carolina was confirmed and extended by commissioners appoint- ed by the Legislatures of the two States agreeable to the order of the late King George the Second in Council, that line and that only should be esteemed the southern boundary of this State as follows, that is to say: Beginning on the sea-side at a cedar stake at or near the mouth of Little River, being the southern extremity of Brunswick County; and runs thence a northwest course through the Boundary House which stands in thirty-three degrees and fifty-six minutes to thirty-five degrees north latitude; and from thence a west course so far as is mentioned in the charter of King Charles the Second to the late pro- prietors of Carolina: Therefore all the territories, seas, waters and harbors with their appurtenances, lying between the line above described and the southern line of the State of Virginia, which begins on the sea shore in thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude; and from thence runs west agreeable to the said charter of King Charles I., the right and property of the people of this State to be held by them in sovereignty, any partial line without the consent of the Legislature of this State at any time thereafter directed or laid out in any wise notwithstanding.
A number of provisos was included in the section, the last being that "nothing herein contained shall affect the title or possessions of individuals holding or claiming under the laws heretofore in force, or grants heretofore made by the late King George the Third, or his pred- ecessors, or the late lord proprietors or any of them."
The history of the establishment of the line-thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes-as the northern boundary of North Carolina, is as fol- lows: James I, King of England, on May 23, 1600, made a grant to Robert, Earl of Salisbury; Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, and numerous other persons, " of all those countries lying in that part of America called Vir- ginia, from the point of land called Cape or Point Comfort, all along the sea-coast to the northward 200 miles, and from the same Point Comfort all along the sea-coast to the southward 200 miles, and all that space or circuit of land throughout from sea to sea." The above was the enlarged grant to the London Company, and extended along the Atlantic coast from Sandy Hook to Cape Fear, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. In 1620 the grant to the Plymouth Company made the fortieth parallel their southern limit, and established that parallel as the northern boundary of Virginia. On March 24, 1662, Charles II made his first grant to the proprietors of Carolina as recited above, and on June 30, 1665, Charles II enlarged this grant, as also recited above, and named a line destined to become only less famous in the history of the United States than Mason and Dixon's line, viz. : the line of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude. The language of this second charter
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