USA > Vermont > Vermont in quandary, 1763-1825 > Part 28
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Richardson, A. J. H., "Chief Justice William Smith and the Haldimand Negotiations," Proceedings of the Vermont His- torical Society (n. s., IX, 2, June, 1941), 84-114.
Rife, C. W., "Ethan Allen, An Interpretation," New England Quarterly (II, 4, October, 1929), 561-584.
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Williamson, C., "New York's Impact Upon the Canadian Econ- omy Prior to the Completion of the Erie Canal," New York History (XXIV, 1, January, 1943), 24-38.
Williamson, C., "A Document Illustrative of the Swiss Policy of Vermont," Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society (n.s. XI, 1, March, 1943), 25-33.
V. MONOGRAPHS AND OTHER SECONDARY WORKS
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Batchelder, C. N., Documentary History of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the Diocese of Vermont (New York, 1876). Baulig, Henri, Amérique Septentrionale (Paris, 1935-1936), 2 vols.
Belknap, Jeremy, The History of New Hampshire (2nd ed., Boston, 1813), 2 vols.
Bemis, S. F., Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplo- macy (New York, 1924).
Benton, R. C., The Vermont Settlers and the New York Specu- lators (Minneapolis, 1894).
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Caron, Ivanhoë, La Colonisation de la Province de Québec (Quebec, 1923-1927), 2 vols.
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Crockett, W. H., Vermont, the Green Mountain State (New York, 1921-1923), 5 vols.
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Duncan, J. M., Travels Through Part of the United States and Canada in 1818 and 1819 (Glasgow, 1823), 2 vols.
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Flenley, R. (ed.), Essays in Canadian History Presented to George Mackinnon Wrong for His Eightieth Birthday (Toronto, 1939).
Fox, D. R., Yankees and Yorkers (New York, 1940).
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Graham, G. S., Sea Power and British North America, 1783-1820 ( Cambridge, 1941).
Graham, G. S., British Policy and Canada, 1774-1791; a Study in Eighteenth Century Trade Policy ( London, 1930).
Hall, B. H., History of Eastern Vermont from the Earliest Settle- ment to the Close of the Eighteenth Century ( Albany, 1865), 2 vols.
Hansen, M. L. (Completed and Prepared for Publication by John Bartlet Brebner), The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples (New Haven, 1940).
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Hemenway, A. M. (ed.), The Vermont Historical Gazetteer ( Burlington, 1868-1891), 5 vols.
Higgins, R. L., Expansion in New York, with Especial Refer- ence to the Eighteenth Century ( Columbus, 1931).
Innis, M. Q., An Economic History of Canada (Toronto, 1935). Jones, M. B., Vermont in the Making (Cambridge, 1939).
Lamson, G., "Geographical Influences in the Early History of Vermont," Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society for the Years 1921, 1922, and 1923, 79-138.
Lanctôt, Gustave, Les Canadiens Francais et Leurs Voisins du Sud ( New Haven, 1941).
Link, E. P., Democratic-Republican Societies, 1790-1800 (New York, 1942).
Lower, A. R. M., Lumbering in Eastern Canada ( Unpublished Harvard Ph.D. Thesis, 1929).
Lower, A. R. M., The North American Assault on the Canadian Forest (New Haven, 1938).
Ludlum, D. M., Social Ferment in Vermont, 1791-1850 (New York, 1939).
Mark, Irving, Agrarian Conflicts in Colonial New York, 1711- 1775 (New York, 1940).
Mayo, L., John Wentworth, Governor of New Hampshire, 1767- 1775 (Cambridge, 1921).
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Morrow, R. L., Connecticut Influences in Western Massachusetts and Vermont ( New Haven, 1936).
Nevins, Allan, The American States During and After the Revolution, 1775-1789 (New York, 1924).
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Pratt, J. W., The Expansionists of the War of 1812 ( New York, 1925).
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Spaulding, E. W., New York in the Critical Period, 1783-1789 (New York, 1932).
Sprague, A. D., Annals of the American Pulpit (New York, 1859-1865), 8 vols.
Stilwell, L. D., Migration from Vermont (Montpelier, 1937).
Thomas, C., Contributions to the History of the Eastern Town- ships (Montreal, 1866).
Thompson, C. M., Independent Vermont ( Boston, 1942).
Upton, R. F., Revolutionary New Hampshire ( Hanover, 1936).
Van Doren, Carl, Secret History of the American Revolution (New York, 1941).
Wardner, H. S., The Birthplace of Vermont: a History of Wind- sor to 1781 (New York, 1927).
Watson, J., Pioneer History of the Champlain Valley ( Albany, 1863 ).
Whitford, N. E., History of the Canal System of the State of New York ( Albany, 1906), 2 vols.
Wilbur, J. B., Ira Allen, Founder of Vermont ( Boston and New York, 1928), 2 vols.
Williams, Samuel, The Natural and Civil History of Vermont ( Burlington, 1809, 2nd ed. ), 2 vols.
Wilson, H. F., The Hill Country of Northern New England: its Social and Economic History, 1790-1830 (New York, 1936). Wrong, G. M., Canada and the American Revolution: the Dis- ruption of the First British Empire (New York, 1935).
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INDEX
Allen brothers, arrival in Grants, 23; early history, 26; speculation in Grants lands, 26; land speculation in Champlain Valley, 27; reasons for settling on East shore of Lake Champlain, 27; grounds for resist- ing New York, 35; propose to erect a state independent of New York, 39-40; ally with settlers in struggle against New York, 49-50; reaction of to New York constitution, 62-63; split over question of joining Revo- lution, 71; attitude of towards Yorkers in Vermont after 1777, 72; buy loyalist property, 76; as power in government of Vermont, 77; op- posed by inhabitants of Eastern Vermont, 79-81; and First East Union, 82-83; summary of achieve- ments, 1775-1780, 84-85; anger of at Continental Congress, 89; mo- tives for entering upon Haldimand Negotiations, 97; hostility in Ver- mont to Haldimand Negotiations of, 98; reactions of to divulgence of Haldimand Negotiations, 115; deceive Vermont Assembly, 117; propose secret treaty with British, 123; ask Haldimand to intervene on Vermonters' behalf at Peace Conference, 124; revive Skene pro- ject, 124; oppose opening a Ver- mont-Quebec trade, 128; desire to allow loyalists to return to Ver- mont, 132; entertain loyalists, 133; seek commercial treaty with Que- bec, 137; trading problems of after 1783, 145 et seq .; financial embar- rassments of after Revolution, 147- 150; endeavour to secure British
mast contracts, 150; propose a ship canal, 150-151; reaction of to Fed- eral Constitution, 153; and the "grand plan," 156-157; sketch of foreign policy of in 1788-1789, 154; and distresses of in Critical Period, 168-170.
Allen, Ethan, settles in Grants, 26; political theory of, 35; and New York Provincial Congress, 52; seizes Ticonderoga, 51-52; and Canadian fiasco, 1775, 52-54; opposes First East Union, 82; exchange of, 90; enters into Haldimand Negotia- tions, 97-98; resigns Brigadier- Generalship, 98; dispatches John Beverly Robinson's letter to the Continental Congress, 105; fears for safety, 118; wants Vermont to declare for British, 120; proposes that loyalists settle in Vermont, 123; trade offer of to Haldimand, 130; attitude towards loyalists, 135; settles at Sunderland, 145; secret proposals to Lord Dorchester, 154- 155; death of, 156; attitude to- wards Shays' Rebellion, 171.
Allen, Ira, refutes views of Cadwal- lader Colden, 27-28; buys land on shore of Lake Champlain, 29; role in writing Vermont constitution, 64; contrasts constitutions of New York and Vermont, 65; and con- fiscation of loyalist property, 69; criticized for handling of loyalist property, 79; opposes First East Union, 82; and Samuel Williams' History of Vermont, 96; supports Second East Union, 101; goes to Ile aux Noix to confer with Sher-
.
308
INDEX
wood, 102; goes to Continental Congress, 105; closeted with Brit- ish for second conference, 105- 106; requests that Haldimand's Proclamation be witheld, 109; supports Second East Union and West Union, 113; requests con- tract to supply beef to British, 130; advocates return of loyalists, 132; goes to Quebec to seek a trade pact, 137-138; business activities at Colchester after the Revolution, 145; post-war business difficulties of, 148-150; proposes a ship canal, 151; states views of Haldimand Negotiations, 166; criticisms of in Critical Period, 171-173; refuses to go as agent to Congress, 177; and Woodbridge charter scandal, 178-179; votes in favor of Ver- mont's entrance into Union, 182; land disputes with Henry Cald- well, 184; motives for European negotiations, 225; and William Hull, 226; sails for Europe, 226; interviews Duke of Portland, 226- 227; interviews Under-Secretary. King, 227-228; British reject pro- posals of, 228; goes to Paris, 229; agreement with Directory, 229- 230; business difficulties of, 223; debts of, 224; and Vermont As- sembly, 1792, 224; attitude to- wards Lower Canada, 1795, 224- 225; quarrel with Henry Cald- well, 225; and offer from Levi to buy Canadian lands, 1793, 225; returns to London, 230; and cap- ture of Olive Branch, 230; British charge against, 231; plans for Uni- versity of Vermont, 235; plea to Rufus King, 1797, 236; Simcoe's attitude towards, 236-237; Picker- ing's attitude towards, 237; and
release of arms, 239; jailed by French, 237-239; return to Ver- mont, 239; financial embarrass- ments of, 240; death of, 240; eval- uation of career of, 241.
Allen, Levi, becomes a loyalist, 71; settles in St. Johns, 146-147; post- war business difficulties of, 148- 150; requests re-export of Vermont products, 153; activities in timber, 1789-1790, 147 et seq .; fails to se- cure a political alliance, 164; and Lower Canadian lands, 203-204; and Vermont's entrance into Union, 182-184; loss of Lower Canadian lands, 219-220, 221; death of, 240. American merchants, in Lower Can- ada, 271, 272; permission to re- main in Lower Canada during War of 1812, 272.
Anglo-American Crisis, 1794, 206- .209.
Astor, John Jacob, 202.
Backcountry-seaboard conflict, in New Hampshire Grants, 19.
Baker, Remember, and Onion River Land Company, 29.
Banyar, Goldsbrow, 11.
Baptist Association of Shaftsbury, 257.
Barlow, Joel, and Ira Allen, 239.
Bathurst, Lord, 273; and Vermont- Lower Canada border, 279.
Battle of Fallen Timbers, 206.
Bayley, Jacob, proposes road from Vermont to Canada, 34; leader in Coos Country, 47; as a conserva- tive revolutionary, 58; joins the Allens, 62; seeks to reduce politi- cal power of Allens, 79; opposition to Haldimand Negotiations, 111; quoted, 178.
Board of Trade, empowers Quebec to regulate inland trade, 143.
-
309
INDEX
Boudinot, Elias, 116.
Bradley, Stephen R., and William Smith, 136.
Breakenridge, James, sent by Allens to Haldimand, 123.
Broad Arrow policy, 22; also see Benning and John Wentworth.
Brush, Crean, Grants representative to New York Assembly, 18; as a jailer, 44; becomes a loyalist, 71.
Burgoyne, General John, invades Champlain Valley, 68; hopes to enlist Vermont loyalists in Army, 70.
Burlington, role in French-Vermonter conspiracy, 235; effect of Cham- plain Canal upon, 283-284.
Butler, Pierce, 116.
Caldwell, Henry, 202.
Calvinism, decline of in Vermont, 256.
Canada, British acquisition of, 5.
Canada Trade Act (1822) and Ver- mont, 281.
Canadian militia, desertions from, 274.
Canals, Canadian, 287-288; opposi- tion to in Lower Canada, 287.
Carleton, Guy (Lord Dorchester ), forbids Haldimand to invade Ver- mont, 121; opens a Vermont-Que- bec trade in 1787, 142; successor to Haldimand, 142; attitude to- wards Twiss Canal survey, 152.
Carlisle Commission, 90-91.
Caron, Ivanhoë, quoted, 200-201. Chambly Canal, 287.
Champlain Canal, first project of 1790's, 191-194; 281 et seq .; open- ing of, 282; effect of on Connecti- cut Valley, 284-285; John Dun- can's comments upon, 288; Niles Weekly Rezister's comment upon effects of, 288.
Champlain Valley, one of three ma- jor sections of Vermont, 1; settle- ment of, 2; Anglo-French conflict over, 2; illegal trade via, 3-4; set- tlement by Yorkers, 24.
Charlestown Convention, 1781, 100- 101.
Chipman, Nathaniel, early life of, 111; leader in anti-Allen faction, . 166; opposes issuance of paper currency, 170-171; and Alexander Hamilton, 174-175, 177; seeks to end Vermont-New York dispute, 176; role in Vermont's ratification of the Constitution, 179-181; de- cision in Paine & Morris vs. Smead, · 191; evaluation of career of, 191; seeks building in 1790-1791 of a Champlain Canal, 192; and Fed- eralism, 260, 264, 265.
Chittenden County Democratic So- ciety, resolves of, 222.
Chittenden, Thomas, early career of, 69; and confiscation of loyalist property, 75; and the Allens, 77- 78; interviewed by agents of Con- tinental Congress, 86; and Ver- mont loyalists, 137; proposals to mitigate distress of Critical Period, 170-171; and Woodbridge charter scandal, 178-179; defeated in gubernatorial election of 1789, 179; re-elected Governor in 1790, 179.
Chittenden, Martin, 275.
Clarke, Sir Alured, 200; and land- proclamation, 206.
Clinton, DeWitt, owns lands in Ver- mont, 223, 281.
Clinton, Governor George, supports Yorkers in Vermont, 84; proposals to pacify Vermonters, 85; and Wil- liam Smith, 92; exposes Haldimand Negotiations, 113; land-holdings in
310
INDEX
Vermont after Revolution, 177; op- poses recognition of Vermont's in- dependence, 177.
Clinton, Sir Henry, opinion on Ver- mont, 91; attempts to communi- cate with Ethan Allen, 92; memo- randum on New York-Vermont embroglio, 94; writes that Haldi- mand's terms to Vermont must be conditional, 106-107; suspicions of against William Smith, 114; and "grand plan," 157; and Vermont, 211.
Cochran, Robert, 57.
Colden, Cadwallader, 2; and debtors' riots in Grants, 19; as Lt. Governor of Royal Province of New York, comments on geography and trade of the Grants, 27; describes West- minster Riot, 47.
Commercial Empire of the St. Law- rence, description of, 33-34; Ira Allen's proposed attack upon, 224- 225; collapse of, 288.
Commissioners on loyalist claims, 135-136.
Committees of Safety in Vermont, 46.
Confirmatory patents, 190; legal de- cision in Vermont with regard to, 191.
Connecticut-New York boundary, 9. Connecticut River, drainage systen of, 1; as Connecticut-New York boundary, 9-10.
Connecticut Valley, one of three ma- jor sections of Vermont, 1; settle- ment of, 2.
Constitutional Act of 1791, 199-200. Constitutional Convention of 1787, 153-154.
Continental Congress, involved in Vermont-New York dispute, 85: sends agents to Vermont, 86; pro-
posals to partition Vermont made to, 87; deadlock over Vermont, 115-116.
Coos Country, 47.
Corn Laws, repeal of, 288.
Cornbury, Lord, 2.
Cornwallis, Lord, surrender of and effect on Haldimand Negotiations, 108.
Cossit, Rannah, quoted, 134.
Council of Censors, 186.
Counterfeiters, gang of, 254.
Court Party, 45.
Craig, Governor James, and Ver- mont, 262.
Craig's Road, 249.
Cramahé, H. J., describes Champlain Valley lumber trade before 1775, 31.
Cumberland County, representation in New York Assembly, 18.
Dartmouth, Lord, proposes to com- promise land-title dispute, 38; re- fuses to use force against New Hampshire Grantees, 38; angry at duplicity of Allens' seizure of Ti- conderoga, 51-52.
Debtors' Riots, in New Hampshire Grants, 20; Chester Riot, 20; dur- ing Critical Period, 169.
Democratic Societies, 207; Rutland County, 210; Chittenden County, 210.
Directory, 229-230; agreement with Ira Allen, 1796, 229-230.
Dorchester, Lord, (see also Guy Carleton), 210; and reversal of Smith's land policies, 218, 222; and land speculation, 222.
Dorchester, Lower Canada, inhabit- ants of petition for building of Richelieu Canal, 286.
Dorset Conventions (1776), 55-59.
311
INDEX .
Duncan, John, comments on Cham- plain Canal, 288. Dundas, Henry, 209.
Dunham, Josiah, and Vermont sepa- ratism, 263, 264; advisor of Martin Chittenden, 275.
Eastern townships, land speculation, 217-222; trade with Vermont, 248- 249; rapid settlement of by Ameri- cans, 252; effect on Vermont, 252; reaction of Canadians to, 252; War of 1812, 274-275.
East India goods, proclamation pro- hibiting entry of via the States, 271; smuggling of into Lower Canada via Vermont, 248.
East Union, First, 82-83; dissolution of, 83-84.
East Union, Second, 101-102; opposi- tion to, 112.
Embargo Act, 265-267.
Erie Canal, 281.
Expansionism, in Vermont, 141, 207- 210, 228-238, 260-262, 276.
Fay, Jonas, sent to Philadelphia, 113. Fay, Joseph, and Haldimand Negotia- tions, 104.
Federalist Party, 258-260; attitude towards War of 1812, 262-265.
Finlay, Hugh, favors Vermont-Que- bec trade, 140; attitude towards land speculation, 1792, 219; fears Vermont attack on Lower Canada, 1795, 222.
Fletcher, Asaph, opposes universal manhood suffrage, 185-186.
Franco-American crisis, 1798, 237. Franklin, Benjamin, 124.
French-Canadians and Quebec Act, 43; and the Revolution, 209; emi- gration to Vermont, 253; attitude of Canadian government towards, 253; and War of 1812, 269-270.
French-Vermonter conspiracy, 1795- 1796, motives for, 224-225; secret agreement, 229-230; membership of, 231; collapse of, 230; terms to be imposed on Britain, 233-234; new Federal state contemplated, 234-235.
French Revolution, 206-207.
Gage, General Thomas, refuses to use troops against New Hamp- shire Grants, 38.
Gale, Samuel, supports Haldimand Negotiations, 99; and Ethan Allen, 135; loses lands in Vermont, 137; fears Vermont attack on Lower Canada, 222.
Galusha, Jonas, elected Governor of Vermont, 1809, 263.
Gates, Horatio, & Company, and trade with Vermont, 285.
Gênet, Edmund, 208.
Germain, Lord George, report of Carlisle Commission to, 88, 91; orders Clinton to make proposals to Vermont, 95; orders renewal of negotiations, 116.
Ghent, Treaty of, 276.
Gilliland, Will, settlement in Cham- plain Valley, 25; and project for Richelieu Canal, 25-26; 145.
Glennie, James, 150.
Graham, John A., 207, 216; and Olive Branch affair, 226; informs Canadian government of French- Vermonter conspiracy, 231.
Grand Plan, the, 156, 161.
Green, Benjamin, speech in Benning- ton ratifying Convention, 181.
Green Mountain Boys, organization of, 36, 52.
Grenville, Lord, 160.
Haldimand, Frederick, earlier career of, 88; sends raiding parties into Vermont, 88-89; first overtures to -
312
INDEX
Vermonters, 95-96; reaction to secret Ile aux Noix conference, 103; drafts terms to be offered to Vermont, 106; fears surrender of Cornwallis reacts unfavorably on Vermonters, 109; difficulties of in negotiations with Vermont, 118; orders troops sent to Vermont, 120; receives conflicting instruc- tions regarding Vermont, 119; fails to send troops to Vermont, 119- 120; and instructions from Carle- ton, 121, from Shelburne, 122; writes British peace negotiators, 124; ordered by North to abandon Vermont negotiations, 125; refuses to permit trade with Vermonters, 127; opposes settlement north of Otter Creek, 129; correspondence with Allens on trade matters, 130; permits resettlement of Champlain Valley, 130; analysis of Vermont attitudes after the peace, 133; and retention of western posts, 131; refuses to make a trade treaty with Vermont, 138; returns to England, 138; and border policy, 197; care of loyalists, 196-197; and late loyalists, 198.
Haldimand Negotiations, 90-126. See also: Allen brothers, William Smith, Frederick Haldimand, Continental Congress, George Germain, Car- lisle Commission, Thomas Chit- tenden, Justus Sherwood, Ethan Allen, Ira Allen, George Clinton, John Graves Simcoe, Isaac Tiche- nor, Nathaniel Chipman, Samuel Williams.
Hamilton, Alexander, 174; attitude towards Vermont, 175; correspond- ence with Nathaniel Chipman, 177. Hamilton, Lt. Governor Henry, 138.
Hartford Convention, and Vermont, 276.
Hathaway, Silas, 207; attacks recall of warrants of survey, 221-222; and collapse of French-Vermonter conspiracy, 232.
Henry, John, role in Canadian-Ameri- can affairs, 262-263.
Hudson River, watershed of, 2, 241. Hull, William, 231.
Inland Colonies, and Navigation Acts, 143-144.
Intolerable Acts, 41.
Iron ore, mines on Lake Champlain, 286.
Jarvis, William, 212.
Jay, John, role in writing New York's constitution, 61, 124; secures grant of a Vermont town, 187-188; and Jay Treaty, 214.
Jay Treaty, 213; and Vermont-Can- ada trade, 214-215; Vermont re- action to, 215, 216; and Peters, 216.
Jefferson, Thomas, and Vermont, 259, 269.
Jeffersonian Republican Party, 258- 259; wins election of 1809, 263; revives expansionism, 260-262. Johnson, William Samuel, 12.
Jones, Reuben, opposes Yorker con- servatives in Grants, 41; emerges as local leader against New York, 45-46; role in securing independ- ence for Grants, 57; seeks advice from Washington, 59; appointed clerk of Second Westminster Con- vention, 60.
Kelley, John, 186-187.
Kemp, John Tabor, landholdings in New Hampshire Grants, 12; quoted 15, 16.
Knoulton, Luke, supports Haldi- . mand Negotiations, 99; role in
313
INDEX
formation of Second East Union, 101; returns to Vermont, 133; and Canadian lands, 202.
Lake Champlain, naval engagement on in 1776, 60; navigation season of, 250; ferry franchises on, 250. Land grants, in New England, 17th century, 7; in 18th century, 7. Lands, American and Lower Cana- dian, 204-205.
Land speculation, and conflict be- tween New York and New Hamp- shire, 7; in New England, 18th century, 7; in Vermont, 8-12; in New Hampshire, 48; and tax sales in Vermont, 188-189; decline of in Vermont, 189-190; in Lower Canada, 1791-1796, 198-200, 201- 205, 211, 218-221.
Land-title dispute, efforts to com- promise prior to 1778, 36-37. "Late loyalists," 198.
Lindsay, William, Customs Collector at St. Johns, attitude towards smuggling, 273, 278.
Livingston, Robert, 5.
Low, Isaac, 41.
Lower Canada, petitions for lands, 202; extent of land grants, 204- 205; and French intrigues, 208, 209; recall of warrants of survey for lands, 217-220; land commit- tec, recall of warrants of survey, 220-221; emigration to, 251-252; relations with Vermont, 254-255; emigration before War of 1812, 268-269; weaknesses of agricul- ture of, 270; agriculture of in com- petition with that of Vermont, 270; trade with Vermont, War of 1812, 275; Assembly and Richelieu Canal project, 286.
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