The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, Part 68

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog]
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1104

USA > Wisconsin > Columbia County > The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement > Part 68

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COUNTY BUILDINGS.

Court House .- After the question had been definitely settled that Portage was to be the future county seat, a deed was made to the county, by Messrs. Webb & Bronson, of Block No. 180 of their plat, for county purposes. The county records were removed to Portage, and, until 1856. the officials occupied the upper part of Lemuel Berry's store, on the east side of the canal. The old building is still in existence. It stands on the northeast corner of Clark and Pleasant streets, and is owned and used by the city for housing its fire apparatus. From the Berry store, the county records and officers removed to Vandercook's building. In 1861, the subject of a county building was agitated ; but the report from the committee on that subject, providing for building a court house, at an expense not exceeding $12,000, was laid on the table-ayes, 12; noes, 11,

In 1863, the subject was brought before the County Board again (the Board having been reduced to three), and L. W. Barden offered a resolution, appropriating $8,000 for building a court house. Barden was Chairman of the Board, and when he put the question, C. L. Brown voted " aye." Barden was silent, and the resolution was declared adopted. When the Board met, in January following, an effort was made to place the $8,000 in the general fund, but it was resisted by G. M. Bartholomew, who had just been elected Supervisor. The initiatory steps toward building were taken soon afterward. A plan was presented by Alexander Car- nagie, proposals were solicited, and a contract was let to Carnagie & Prescott February 10, 1864, for building the court house, at the sum of $17,830. The site was presented to the county by citizens of Portage. Work on the building was commenced in the spring of the same year, and was completed in the fall of 1865, at the contract price, and, with the sidewalks, iron fence, grading, trees and all other improvements and additions, cost the county something less than $26,000. It is a model of architectural neatness and simplicity. Its dimensions are 80 feet front by 60 feet deep, constructed of cream-colored brick, with dark trimmings. It is three stories high, with a well-proportioned dome, surmounted by a colossal statue of Justice, sword in hand and scales extended. Entering at the front of the court house, the visitor finds himself within a spacious hall-way, leading through the building, with a corridor passing at right angles in the center. The first door on the right, and near the entrance, bears the omi- nous inscription, "Sheriff," and one cannot help but think of executions, documentary and otherwise-principally otherwise. On the left is the Treasurer's office; and we remember that it is the especial duty of the blind image that stands upon the zenith of the brown dome above to guard over this particular place, and to strike down with her sword the first who dares to misappropriate the funds within. At the north end of the corridor are the rooms of the County Judge and the Clerk of the Court; at the south end, the offices of Register of Deeds, Clerk of the Board and District Attorney, all these offices having fire-proof vaults, for storing docu- ments, etc. On the second floor are the court-room and jury-rooms, the former being 58x56 feet in size, handsomely finished, with a seating capacity of 400.

The County Jail .- Within the walls of this institution are placed individuals of a retiring disposition, who forego the pleasures of freedom and outdoor exercise for definite periods, unless death or the Governor interferes. A refuge for this class was built in Columbia County in 1851, by H. McNeil, upon a block of ground given to the county by Webb & Bronson. It was of stone, two stories in height, with cells in the upper part and the Sheriff's dwelling on the lower floor. It was destroyed by fire in 1864. The present jail was erected in 1865 by Carnagie & Prescott. It is of substantial stone, thirty-two feet square and two stories in height. sur- rounded by a brick wall, within which the prisoners are allowed to air themselves. The Sheriff's dwelling is a well-arranged two-story brick structure, standing in front of the jail.

Columbia County Poor-House .- Prior to 1858, the care of the poor of Columbia County was vested in the towns in which the unfortunates resided. It was the duty of the town officers

455

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

to provide homes for all paupers within their jurisdiction, and pay the necessary expenses from a town fund set aside for that purpose. On the 3d of November of the year above mentioned, the County Board of Supervisors voted to abolish the town system, and measures adequate to the establishment of a county poor-house were immediately taken. At the same session of the board, Daniel White, John Quincy Adams and H. W. Roblier were appointed Superintendents of the Poor, and $1,500 was appropriated to aid them in the performance of their duties. The old Exchange Hotel, together with one acre of land in the village of Wyocena, was purchased, and on the 30th of December, 1858, it was formally opened for the accommodation of the poor of the county. In 1867, a brick addition forty feet square and two stories high was built by Messrs. Carnagie & Prescott, and, in 1878, a second addition, 36x40 feet and two stories high, was constructed by the same parties. The total expense incurred the last year (1858) the town system was in vogue was $7,633.74; during the first ten months under the county system the expenditures amounted to $3,929.40. In 1872. there were 26 inmates of the poor-house, of whom 11 were insane, and the cost of caring for them was something over $4,000, including the salary ($400) of Hugh Hill, the overseer, and $200 paid other help. The Superintendents, in their report for 1879, say : " The number of inmates at the poor-house at date of last report was 49; admitted during year, 49; total number at the poor-house during the year, 98. Of this number, S have died, 2 have been bound by indentures, 1 has been sent to the Industrial School for Girls at Milwaukee, 1 has been sent to the Reforin School for Boys at Waukesha, and otherwise discharged, 38. Remaining at poor-house at date of this report, November 1, 1879, 48. Of this number, 13 are insane, 3 are demented, 4 are blind, 2 crippled, 2 have a cancer, 2 are over eighty years of age, 8 are seventy years, 7 are over sixty, and none are under twenty-two years of age. There has been furnished at the poor-house during the year 2,983 weeks' board, at a cost of $4,074.77, being $1.37 per week, which includes all expenses for provisions, clothing, bedding, furniture, fuel, lights, medicine, medical attendance, repairs, salary of steward, hired help and other miscellaneous expenses.'

The total expenses during 1879 were $6,829.28. Messrs. Adams and Roblier have been continually in office as Superintendents. Upon the death of Mr. White, George Wall succeeded to the position. Mr. Wall was succeeded, in turn, by W. W. Corning. The county has acquired title to seven acres of land adjoining the original one acre bought in 1858, and, in 1875, forty acres were purchased on Section 16, a short distance north of the village of Wyocena.

AGRICULTURE.

He who follows agriculture is the pioneer in all new countries, and prepares the way for lawyer, editor, miller, minister, blacksmith, and all others who depend upon anything but farm- ing for a livelihood, and who never fail to come after them when the soil has been made suffi- ciently productive. There are better agricultural counties in the State than Columbia, but they are few. There are poorer counties, too-much poorer-and a great many of them. Columbia County is therefore far above the average, as statistics will show.

Any other condition of things would be unnatural, as, with its productive soil and good mar- kets, the county bas always furnished a field for profitable returns to industry, skill and means applied to the labor of tilling the ground. The whole county is more than usually well watered. Where there are no springs, lakes and streams, good water is obtained at a moderate depth. Gen- erally. speaking, the soil is most suitable for raising wheat, or was when new, and that has always been the principal product. Corn, oats, barley, rye, flax, hops, tobacco, potatoes and other root erops, fruits and grasses, are also cultivated. The southeastern portion of the county is considered the richest in agricultural worth, though there are patches of very excellent land in other parts. A general idea of the productiveness of each town is herewith given :

West Point .- Soil rich, above the average; wheat the principal product ; more timber than prairie ; well watered ; no sand, or but very little in the soil ; especially noted as a hog-raising section ; land valued at $14 per acre.

456

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Lodi .- Largely devoted to dairying ; generally well watered ; land surface more or less broken by bluffs ; northern portion sandy ; valuation, $14 per acre.

Arlington .- Said by many to be the richest town in the county ; devoted almost exclusively to grain-raising ; no waste land in the town ; four-fifths of the area under cultivation unfenced ; but little attention paid to stock ; valuation, $19.50.

Leeds .- Second in agricultural importance to Arlington, and especially noted for its flocks of fine-wool sheep ; largely prairie, but sufficiently wooded to make the lands valuable ; well watcred ; valuation, $19.

Hampden .- Somewhat more marshy and hilly than the two previously described towns, but none the less important as an agricultural section ; stock-raising is a leading industry ; val- uation, $19.50.

Columbus .- One of the richest agricultural towns in the State ; in a high state of cultiva- tion ; no waste land ; excellent water ; valuation, $20.50.

Fountain Prairie .- Much the same as Columbus, but with a greater area of marsh, espe- cially in the northern portion ; valuation, $14.50.

Otsego .- Soutbern and middle parts exceptionally good ; northern portion broken, with considerable lowland ; valuation, $13.50.

Lowville .- South and southeast parts prairie; the northern portion hilly ; well supplied with timber ; agriculturally very rich ; boasts the most extensive farms in the county-Warren Gilbert's, for instance; largely devoted to stock-raising; valuation, $13.50; considered very low.

Dekorra .- About one-half under cultivation ; timber abundant; somewhat marshy ; sandy along the river ; quite a number of good farms in the town, however ; valuation, $6.

Caledonia .- A great variety of soil ; rocky and broken ; marshy along the river ; soil gen- erally good ; valuation, $6.80.

Pacific .- Some desirable land along the Fox River; southern portion marshy ; well wooded ; valuation, $3.20.

Wyocena .- Soil the better order of light lands or sandy loams; mostly timbered ; some swamp; wheat and corn the chief products ; dairying carried on to some extent ; two-thirds in cultivation ; valuation, $7.20.

Springvale .- About two-thirds under cultivation ; not materially unlike Wyocena as to soil, marsh and timber ; penetrated by small streams ; stock-raising quite a feature ; valuation, $10.50.

Courtland .- North third mostly prairie ; remainder made up of " openings " and marslı, sandy clay soil; a valuable farming section ; stock-raising to some extent ; valuation, $16.75.

Randolph .- South half mostly prairie, with black loam soil ; northern part covered with "openings," sandy clay soil ; quite a number of large farms ; considerable stock raised ; valua- tion, $18.

Scott .- Something over one-third under cultivation ; southern part regarded as the garden spot of Columbia County ; noted for its natural meadows along the Fox River, marked by numerous " openings ; " stock-raising quite an interest ; valuation, $11, which is considered very low.

Marcellon .- Nearly one-half under cultivation ; scarcely so rich as Scott; the finest por- tions lie in the second and third tiers of sections running from east to west ; small amount of prairie ; well timbered ; quite an area of tame meadows ; valuation, $7.25.

Fort Winnebago .- About one-third under cultivation ; southern portion regarded as good land; northern part "bluffy ; " quite an area of marsh along the Fox River; valuation, $6.40.

Lewiston .- A large proportion of this town is waste land, being for the most part low and wet; perhaps one-third of the town is under cultivation ; valuation, $3.20.

Newport .- The best portion lies along the Wisconsin River; the most thoroughly culti- vated part is that occupied by the Norwegians; remainder of land below the average; valua- tion, $5.

457

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

The following table exhibits the principal farm products growing in the county of Colum- bus at the time of making the annual assessment for the year 1879 :

NUMBER OF ACRES.

MILCH Cows.

NAMES OF TOWNS, CITIES AND VILLAGES.

Wheat.

Corn.

Oats.

Barley.

Rye.

Potatoes.

Root Crops.

No. of

Acres.

No. of

Bearing

. Trees.

Grasses.

Growing

Number.

Value.

Arlington.

4452

3178

2122

1528

663

3351

5122

1305

745

$ 11426

Caledonia.

3780

1389

1317

395

154

1221

701

3786

1462

719

9314

Columbus (town ).

4950

1456

1238

349

113

193

5765

427

1845

648

8840

Columbus (city)

174

104

150

2250

Courtland.

5750

1375

917

147

110

4300

2209

179

657

7998

Dekorra ..

2622

1793

7853

97%

463

513

663

2105

1830

4284

480

5774

Fort Winnebago

1707

1636

469

522

104

2833

1008

295

408

5102

Fountain Prairie.

3666

1384

1603

324

231

31 152

4303

2020

2192

589

7385

Leeds ..

6988|

1965

1669

903

3655

3076

3022

492

8364

Lewiston

1511

1431

1067

1200

158

1305

607

4287

477

6698

Lodi ..

672

1220

867

202

258

3712

867

525

7765

Lowville.

4194

1584

1142

124

102

683

761

4104

1096

4116

408

5965

Marcellon.

2452

1960

472

278

651

1 1463

2834

1669

5422

375

4046

Newport ..

881

449

368

334

906

217

995

210

3150

Otsego.

4408

1845

951

249

137

134

104

3992

1645

737

675

9841

Pacific.

435

644}

863

313

131

191

755

1181

117

1531

Portage.

151

100

438

6785

Randolph

5440

2167

1577

272

71 ₺

991

3301

3670

2620

606

6984

Scott ..

5479

1697

803

173

3105

1120

4633

416

7176

Springvale.

3544

1629

826

101

40g

120

2087

1688

5200

501

9078

West Point

1679

2252

1387

375

193

3300

2436

4184

658

9900

Wyocena.

1681

1970

417

615

1730

1565

4427

573

9168

West Ward Vil. Randolph.

Tolals.

69162351224

2159457201 5126

1740§

66111782

61404: 35993 58202

11727

$171695

Hampden

4651

1542

1334

497

2029

3003

860

17215

180

Timber.

APPLE OR- CHARD.

In addition to the foregoing, there were grown in the town of Caledonia, 1 acre of flax; in the town of Fort Winnebago, 4 acres of cranberries ; in the town of Hampden, 1 acre of tobacco; in the town of Lodi, 3 acres of cranberries and 19 acres of flax ; in the town of Randolph, 1 acre of flax, and in the town of Springvale, 13 acres of flax. There were also 188 acres of hops cultivated in the county, divided as follows : Caledonia, 232 acres ; Columbus, 5; Dekorra, 4; Fort Winne- bago, 1; Hampden, 3; Leeds, 5; Lewiston, 54; Marcellon, 6} ; Newport, 40; Otsego, 22; Portage City, 7 ; Springvale, 10; West Point, 3, and Wyocena, 4. For two or three years prior to 1868, hops were largely grown throughout the county.

The early settlement of Columbia County was made by a robust, thrifty, industrious and frugal class of men and women, in their youth and prime of physical life, full of energy and days' work. They found a rich soil, like themselves new and young and full of fertility, yield- ing readily to the will and wishes of the earnest and ambitious toiler who owned and cultivated it, and rewarding his efforts with abundant harvests of all kinds. The land yielded so abun- dantly and persistently, that the opinion prevailed for many years that the grain- producing qualities of the soil were inexhaustible, hence the straw was burned to get it out of the way, and the manure was permitted to go to waste. Crop after crop of grain was taken from the soil, and nothing returned in exchange therefor to preserve its fertility, until, through course of time, the crops became less and less, and less still, so that now, lands which at one time would yield with reasonable certainty thirty to forty bushels of wheat to the acre, cannot be depended upon to yield with like certainty ten or fifteen bushels of wheat to the acre. Meantime, the habits of slothfulness and waste, begotten of prosperity, have, in some cases, become a part of the farmer's being, and they seem to have no desire to shake off the wretched and ill-begotten

458

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

incubus that weighs and keeps them down, and places them at great disadvantage in the general struggle against impending adversity. There are exceptions to this, the general condition of the farmers of this county, but such exceptions merely establish the rule.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

Columbia County Agricultural Society .- It was at the autumn meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Columbia County, held at Portage in November, 1851, that a suggestion for the organization of an agricultural society was first acted upon. Jessie Van Ness, of West Point. made the suggestion. The members received the proposition with favor, and a preliminary meeting was called. It met in Schoolhouse No. 7, in the town of Fort Winnebago. Van Ness became President pro tem. Messrs. Joseph Kerr, of Randolph ; F. C. Curtis, of Lowville, and Guptil, of Scott, became the Committee on Constitution. Messrs. Ketchum and Bartholomew, of Lodi; Jones, of Springvale; Bushnell, of Wyocena, and Adams, of Fountain Prairie, were appointed a committee to nominate officers. On the 19th of the same month, the meeting re-as- sembled at the same place, when an address was delivered by Joseph Kerr, of Randolph ; an acceptable constitution was reported, including five short articles. The qualifications for mem- bers consisted in subscribing to the constitution and paying 25 cents. On that occasion the fol- lowing persons wrote their signatures and became the charter members : Jessie Van Ness, Fred C. Curtis, G. M. Bartholomew, A. Ketchum, J. Q. Adams, Thomas Dalzell, Perry Lee, J. B. Fargo, E. K. Vaughan, H. W. Phelps, Joseph Utley, Yates Ashley, Reuben Baughman, G. Smythe, Joseph Kerr, John Byrne, J. A. Guptil, Daniel S. Bushnell, Josiah Arnold, H. Car- penter, Alvin Alden, Elijah Lee, David Wyman, S. K. Vaughan, James Andrews, Shadrick Sherman, Hubbel West, Jr., Charles Spear, Fred G. Smythe, J. C. Smith, Henry Converse, J. Whitney. Jacob Rood, Stephen Brayton, O. Jones, Michael Van Winter, Ransom H. Mead, C. M. Kingsbury, M. Wheeler, Mr. Sargeant, B. M. Haynes, John McTighe, Alex McDonald, A. A. Bull, Henry Ayer and J. W. Rhodes.

The first officers of the society were: President, J. Van Ness, West Point; First Vice President, Joseph Kerr, Randolph; Second Vice President, Thomas C. Smith, Columbus ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis, Lowville; Recording Secretary, John A. Byrne, Otsego ; Correspond- ing Secretary, Henry Converse, Wyocena. Executive Committee-Messrs. Curtis, Guptil, Adams, Bartholomew, Bushnell and T. C. Smith.

The first fair was held in November, 1852, on the commons at Wyocena. The receipts were $15.75, and the disbursements, $11.80. The society claimed the gathering to be a success.

January 4, 1853. At that date a meeting was held, various amendments to the by-laws were made, and the following officers elected : Joseph Kerr, President; D. S. Bushnell and G. M. Bartholomew, Vice Presidents ; Henry Converse, Recording and Corresponding Secre- tary ; F. C. Curtis, Treasurer. Executive Committee-Messrs. Rockwood, Adams, Converse, Van Ness and Merrell.

June 14, 1853, when Kerr, Van Ness and Converse, as Executive Committee, resolved to "hold the next show and cattle-fair at Wyocena, September 28, 1853," and to " award premiums as the funds of the society would allow," judges for fourteen classes were appointed. At that exhibition there were nineteen entries under the department of horses, and twelve under that of cattle; poultry, one; farm implements, two-one of which was a plow and the other a vertical gate. The receipts of the exhibition were $20, and the disbursements, $18.81.

In November of the same year, Joseph Kerr was elected President, Jessie Van Ness and J. T. Lewis, Vice Presidents, and Henry Converse and F. C. Curtis were continued as Secretary and Treasurer. The Executive Board chosen consisted of James C. Carr, William Wiley, D. S. Bushnell, J. F. Hand and Hugh McFarlane. At a subsequent meeting of the Executive Com- mittee, it was decided to hold the ensuing exhibition at Columbus, September 20, 1854. The scene of the rural festivities was at the forks of the road on the westward declivity of what is now Lewis & Cook's hill. The Mountain House, kept by A. P. Birdsey, then situated there, a little

459

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

· building between the two roads owned by him, was the hall of fine arts, and in it were displayed a few fruits and some fine needlework, etc. There were ninety-nine entries in all. The receipts for fees of members were $32. Of this $18 was disbursed in premiums, together with 31 volumes of the Transactions of the State Agricultural Society, and sundry diplomas.

The next business meeting of the society was held at Portage November 16, 1854, N. H. Wood presiding. James C. Carr, of Fountain Prairie, was elected President; C. J. Pettibone, of Portage, and Peter Van Ness, of Lodi, Vice Presidents ; and Henry Converse, Secretary. Executive Committee-William T. Whirry, of Randolph; N. H. Wood, of Pacific ; John A. Bowen, of Columbus ; R. H. Mead, of Waushara ; and E. F. Lewis, of Lewiston.

Since that date, fairs have been held and officers elected as follows: In September, 1855, Portage won the prize by offering a handsome donation. The receipts of the exhibition were $52.50, and $120 was paid in premiums. J. W. Earl] delivered the address. Officers elected in November-President, Peter Van Ness; Vice Presidents, M. W. Patton and Andrew Dunn ; Secretary, F. B. Haslim; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-Messrs. Powers. Folsom, Adams, Hardy and McFarlane.

1856-Fair held at Wyocena the 2d and 3d of October. Receipts, $117.19; disburse- ments, $126.15. Address delivered by J. J. Guppey. Officers-President, John Con- verse ; Vice Presidents, J. C. Carr and Daniel White ; Secretary, Henry Converse ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-R. T. Graves, T. Terrill, T. Dalzell, A. P. Smith and John Ewing, Jr.

1857-Fair held at Wyocena September 22 and 23; address delivered by J. T. Lewis ; premiums, $84; receipts, $244; entries, 183. Officers-President, John Converse ; Vice Presi- dents, W. T. Bradley and R. T. Graves; Secretary, Henry Converse ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-A. W. Ingalsbee, Peter Van Ness, R. H. Mead, D. White and J. J. Guppey.

1858-Fair held at Portage September 23 and 24; receipts (including Portage City's sub- scription of $175 and the State appropriation of $100), $401; disbursements, $476.25. Offi- cers-President, Royal T. Graves ; Vice Presidents, J. J. Guppey and J. C. Carr ; Secretary, Henry Converse ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-D. White, W. T. Bradley, J. T. Lewis, P. Van Ness and E. F. Lewis.

1859-Fair held at Portage September 20 and 21; entries, 201; premiums, $303.50; funds on hand November 17, $67. Officers-President, J. J. Guppey; Vice Presidents, R. T. Graves and J. C. Carr; Secretary, Henry Converse ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-P. Van Ness, D. White, Samuel McConochie, John O. Jones and Nathan Hazen.

1860-Fair held at Cambria, the citizens paying $165 for the luxury, September 18, 19 and 20; receipts, $402 ; expenditures, $309. Officers-President, Daniel White ; Vice Presidents, R. T. Graves and J. Q. Adams ; Secretary, Henry Converse; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Execu- tive Committee-H. S. Haskell, A. W. Ingalsbee, J. Whitney, C. L. Brown and W. N. Baker.

1861-Fair held at Portage September 18, 19 and 20; receipts (including appropriation and subscription), $475.21; expenses, $426; out of which had been paid $363 in premiums. Officers-President, John Q. Adams; Vice Presidents, H. S. Haskell and J. B. Dwinnell ; Secretary, Henry Converse ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-P. Van Ness, R. T. Graves, Conrad Collipp, Thomas Robertson and G. W. Campbell. At the business meet- ing of November it was decided that elections for officers should take place on the second day of the fair of each year.

1862-Fair held at Portage September 24, 25 and 26. Officers-President, J. B. Dwin- nell ; Vice Presidents, John Pardee and Ervin McCall; Secretary, H. B. Munn ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis. Executive Committee-C. Collipp, W. Rice, J. Van Ness, B. Williams, P. Houston, R. McConochie, W. Young, J. Bradley and J. Q. Adams.

1863-Fair held at Lodi September 22, 23 and 24; receipts (including two years' State appropriation), $769; disbursements, $607. Officers-President, J. B. Dwinnell; Vice Presi- dents, R. McConochie and J. F. Hand ; Secretary, H. B. Munn ; Treasurer, F. C. Curtis.

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The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, Part 68

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog] Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company Number of Pages: 1104

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog]
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1104