The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, Part 94

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog]
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1104

USA > Wisconsin > Columbia County > The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement > Part 94

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At a meeting of the Board of Education, held August 18, 1873, J. J. Hughes was elected Principal, and Miss Mary A. Clark, Assistant. Under the management of Mr. Hughes and Miss Clark, the school lost none of its previously acquired importance, and, toward the close of the school year, the first regular graduating exercises of which there is any record in the history of the institution, took place. The Class of '74 was as follows : Nellie Goodrich, Emma C. Prentice, George Muir and Samuel Lockhart. The effect of thus placing a "premium upon advancement " was noticeable in the increased average attendance and better behavior of pupils the following year, not only in the high school, but also in the lower grades. At the begin- ning of the school year of 1875, Miss Clark was succeeded by W. A. Weavman as Assistant, and at the August meeting of the board, William M. Lawrence and W. G. Clough succeeded to the positions of Principal and assistant, respectively. In December, 1876, Miss Fannie Estabrook, was appointed to the position of assistant teacher, in the grammar school, Miss Austin being promoted to the principalship. In April, 1877, Miss Osborn and Miss Austin were allowed to resume their original positions in the grammar school, and in July, W. G. Clough was appointed Principal of the high school, with Henry Reid, as assistant.

In accordance with a vote of the citizens of Portage, taken in April, 1877, this institution was organized under the high-school law of the State, which provides, among other things, that the State Superintendent shall prescribe the course of study to be pursued in all high schools, and shall designate the class of text-books to be used.

The graduates for 1877 were Annie Malloy and George Shackell. Under the careful management of teachers and officials, the Class of '78 was very encouraging and satisfactory. The graduates were Mary Ellen Borden, Rachael Ann Buttery, Joseph Francis Gallagher, Loa Brown Kennan, Kathrina Mary Knibbs, Thurlow Wheeler Maine, Isabella Jane G'Neill, Lillie Elenor Schneider, James Horace Wells, Susy F. Whitelaw, Grant Robinson Bennett, James

624

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Alfred Cole, Martha Ann Karch, Helen Blodgett Knibbs, Bennett R. Lewis, Bernard Joseph Mc Mahon, Louis Oscar Pfaff, Fred Jackson Turner and Susan Elizabeth Wells.

At the beginning of the present school year, Henry Neill was appointed to the position of assistant teacher. Mr. Neill resigned in the latter part of 1879, and W. S. Jeffries was chosen by the board to fill the vacancy.

The graduating class for 1879 was as follows: Albert Samuel Crouch, Richard Arthur Dempsie, Ida May Farrington, Margaret Barbour Harvey, Belle Judson, Mary McDonell, Anna Gilrye Reid and Andrew Guppey Williams.

Private Schools .- The first school of a strictly private character established in Portage was the Classical Institute. It was founded in the winter of 1851-52, by William Sylvester, John Q. Adams, Lemuel Berry, Rev. Bradley Phillips, C. J. Pettibone and Rev. W. W. McNair. The Principal was the Rev. John Brittain, A. M., assisted by Miss Abbey O. Briggs and Miss Margaret B. Burt. In it were taught, besides all the English branches of education, Greek, Latin and French ; also music, drawing and painting. As the district schools grew into impor- tance, public interest in the Classical Institute seems to have waned, and it was completely sup- planted when the present system of public education was organized and the high school established.

Cotemporaneous with the Classical Institute, was the select school of Miss Butts, which at one time enjoyed the patronage of about eighty pupils. When the lady principal entered the matrimonial state (becoming Mrs. Cornwell), a Mr. Mills took charge of the school ; but the institution went into gradual dissolution from causes already cited. There were also the Parish School of St. John's Episcopal Church, established in November, 1855, and the female semi- nary, founded two years later. The Rev. HI. M. Thompson presided over the former, with Miss A. O. Briggs, Mary Morehouse and Miss McFarlane as assistants. Mrs. E. D. Emery, Mrs. E. W. Tenney and Miss Briggs were connected with the latter.

Attached to the various Catholic and Lutheran churches in the city, are flourishing parochial schools, notable among them being the one in charge of three sisters of St. Dominick, located at the corner of Conant and Adams streets.

School Statistics .- The following is a tabulated statement of the condition of the schools of Portage, since 1859 :

school. YEARS.

No. Children of School Age.

Whole No. Children Enrolled.

Average Daily Attendance

No. Teachers Employed.

Monthly Pay of Teachers.

Receipts.

Disburse- ments.

1860.

1,047

641

464

$285

$3,292

83,444

1861

1,013

897

400

247

4,423

3,696

1863

1,069

1,021

450

275

4,383

4,299

1864

1,075

1,198

458

233

*9,938

+9,938

1865

1,208

1,177

478

342

5,438

5,466

1866.

1,282

1,018

478

350

5,198

4,601

1867

1,477

1,073

525

730

6,399

5,784

1868

1,496

1,045

485

6,186

5,590

1869

1,504

1,063

523

437

6,114

6,043

1870

1,521

1,065

561

540

6,146

6,236

1871

1,564

1,069

551

685

6,849

6,389

1872

1,539

1,064

547

515

6,813

6,513

1873

1,430

990

533

610

7,074

6,574

1874

1,556

1,074

571

665

11,978

13,217

1875.

1,756

1,009

528

547

14.999

12,530

1876.

1,776

528

592

12,516

12,863

1877

1,566

924

535

592

14,433

13,512

1878

875

599

590

10,580

9,948

1879

932

555

615

7,851

7,255

The following named individuals have held the office of Superintendent, since the establish- ment of the present school system : J. J. Guppey, from May, 1859, to September, 1861 ;

* Including bonds issued for boildiog high school.

t Increased by additional expense incurred in building high school.

. .

1862.

1,070

625

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Henry B. Munn, from September, 1861, to April, 1866; J. J. Guppey, from April, 1866, to April, 1873; G. J. Cox, from April, 1873, to April, 1875; N. K. Shattuck, from April, 1875, to April, 1877 ; A. C. Kellogg, from the latter date to the present time.

The members of the Board of Education, appointed by the Common Council, in June of each year, have been :

H. B. Munn.

1860 .- First Ward, Volney Foster ; Second, B. S. Doty ; Third, A. B. Alden ; Fourth,

H. B. Munn.

1861 .- First Ward, Henry Merrell ; Second, B. S. Doty .; Third, A. B. Alden ; Fourth,

1862 .- First Ward, Henry Merrell ; Second, B. S. Doty ; Third, A. B. Alden ; Fourth, Guy C. Prentiss.

1863 .- First Ward, L. G. Beaver ; Second, B. S. Doty ; Third, H. C. Baker ; Fourth, G. C. Prentiss.

1864 .- First Ward, M. R. Keegan ; Second, H. D. Kingsbury ; Third, H. C. Baker ; Fourth, G. C. Prentiss.

1865 .- First Ward, M. R. Keegan ; Second, H. D. Kingsbury ; Third, A. B. Alden ;

Fourth, W. K. Miles.

1866 .- First Ward, L. G. Beaver ; Second, H. D. Kingsbury ; Third, H. C. Baker ; Fourth, G. C. Prentiss. 1867 .- First Ward, Henry Emder ; Second, H. D. Kingsbury ; Third, W. G. Bebb ; Fourth, J. P. McGregor. (Re-elected in 1868.)

1868 .- First Ward, V. Helmann ; Second, S. E. Dana; Third, D. G. Muir ; Fourth, Robert Mitchell ; Fifth, J. P. McGregor.

1869 .- First Ward, V. Helmann ; Second, S. E. Dana ; Third, A. D. Hemenway ; Fourth, Robert Mitchell ; Fifth, J. P. McGregor. W. W. Corning and G. C. Prentiss were subsequently appointed to represent the two latter wards, on account of the removal of Messrs. Mitchell and McGregor, to other localities.

1870 .- First Ward, V. Helmann; Second, S. E. Dana; Third, A. D. Hemenway ; Fourth, P. S. Hallenbeck ; Fifth, Carl Schneider.

1871 .- First Ward, John N. Kind; Second, S. E. Dana ; Third, A. D. Hemenway ; Fourth, W. W. Corning ; Fifth, G. C. Prentiss.

1872 .- First Ward, John N. Kind ; Second, O. A. Southmayd ; Third, A. D. Hemen- way ; Fourth, T. B. Duncan ; Fifth, C. Schneider.

1873 .- First Ward, John W. Kind; Second, S. S. Brannan ; Third, Evan Arthur ; Fourth, W. W. Corning ; Fifth, C. Schneider.

1874 .- First Ward, John Holstein ; Second, S. S. Brannan ; Third, Evan Arthur ; Fourth, M. Waterhouse; Fifth, M. T. Alverson.

1875 .- First Ward, John N. Kind ; Second, Ll. Breese ; Third, L. W. Borden ; Fourth, M. Waterhouse ; Fifth, M. T. Alverson.

1876 .- First Ward, John N. Kind ; Second, LI. Breese ; Third, M. Waterhouse ; Fourth, Mr. Hagan ; Fifth, M. T. Alverson.

1877 .- First Ward, John N. Kind; Second, F. H. Lewis; Third, M. Waterhouse ; Fourth, C. C. Britt ; Fifth, Conrad Collipp.

1878 .- First Ward, John O'Keefe ; Second, E. S. Purdy ; Third, George Murison ; Fourth, V. Helmann ; Fifth, C. Collipp.

1879 .- First Ward, John O'Keefe ; Second, E. S. Purdy ; Third, W. G. Bebb ; Fourth, Irving Bath ;* Fifth, C. Collipp.

The Legislature of 1878-79, passed an act providing for the appointment of members of the Board, in April, and making the term of office two years instead of one. Accordingly, in April, 1879, Messrs. O'Keefe, Bebb and Collipp were appointed for one year, and Messrs. Purdy and Bath, for two years. In April, 1880, appointments from the First, Third and Fifth Wards were made, for two years.

* Removed from the Ward ; V. Helmann appointed to fill vacancy.

626

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

The first Christian missionary who visited Fort Winnebago is believed to have been a Romish priest named Mazzuchelli. He came to labor among the Indians as early as 1831, soon after the completion of the fort, and, being unable to speak their language, was usually accompanied by Miss Elizabeth Grignon as interpreter. Forty Winnebagoes were baptized and given Christian names by Father Mazzuchelli during one of his visits. The presentation of crosses, crucifixes and beads had a wonderful effect upon the recipients of these holy favors.

The first structure built and dedicated to the cause of Christianity in what is now Columbia County-and, indeed, it may safely be said that it was the first in Central Wisconsin-stood near the center of the present city of Portage. It was built about 1833 by the famous Peter Pauquette, whose wife professed a belief in Catholicism, and was located upon an elevation-long since leveled away by progressive whites-near the middle of what is now Adams street, at its inter- section with Conant street, and almost within a stone's throw of the spot stained by the blood of its founder when he was foully assassinated, October 18, 1836. No one now living in Por- tage remembers anything concerning Pauquette's log church ; but events which have transpired since the coming of those now classed among the first settlers, confirm the hitherto unsubstan- tiated statements regarding the existence of such a church. Satterlee Clark says he assisted at the burial of Pauquette, and that the remains were deposited beneath the floor of this church. The structure was destroyed by fire about 1840.

Ten years later witnessed the commencement of a new era in the history of Christian prog- ress in Portage. The arrival and permanent settlement of Thomas Christopher, Patrick Lenon, Charles Moore, M. R. Keegan, James Collins, John Sweeney, Mrs. Ward and others owing allegiance to the church of Rome, opened the way for the establishment of a parish. The Rev. Father Smith, a Catholic missionary, was the first to preach to the small band of pioneers. After he left, came Father Hobbs, who held services in an unoccupied house near the fort. In the latter part of 1850, the Rev. Louis Godhardt, a Hollander, came as a missionary, and " said mass " in the house of Mrs. Ward, south of the canal. Early in 1851, a frame church was erected by the members of the parish upon a lot at the corner of Conant and Adams streets, donated by Webb & Bronson. Upon the site stood a small forest of crosses, marking the graves of a score or more of "good Indians," who, having been converted by early missionaries, had died in the faith. Among them rested the remains of Peter Pauquette, whose grave was indi- cated by a rude yet pretentious palisade of pickets. According to the original survey of the city of Portage, a street (Adams) passed through this graveyard, and in the center of that street were the modern Samson's remains. It had been especially stipulated by the donors of the lot that the Catholics, in accepting it, should agree to give proper burial to Pauquette's bones when the excavations for the street were made; so, in 1852, when the grading of what are now the principal streets, was in progress, the earthly particles of Peter Pauquette's body were disinterred, removed and reburied, this time beneath the threshold of the south entrance to the little frame church now used by the Catholics for the purposes of a parochial school, where they have lain to the present time; but there is a prospect that they will soon again be dis- turbed. While the excavations were in progress, the decayed foundations of a log house were discovered, not over or around, but near, Pauquette's grave ; charcoal and ashes were noticeable in the vicinity-incidents which go to confirm the fact already shown, that a house once stood upon the ground, and that it was burned down. The little graveyard was doubtless the result of Catholic burials beneath the shadow of the rude cross that surmounted the first structure devoted to Christianity on the Wisconsin River northeast of Prairie du Chien.

In 1858, St. Mary's Parish (for such was the name of the organization) purchased a lot on the north side of Conant street, and removed thereto a small frame structure, in which, after needed improvements, they established a parochial school. Soon afterward,. they made a second purchase-a lot just east of and adjoining the lot donated them by Webb & Bronson. A frame structure, in which the Baptists had but recently held services, was included in the latter

627

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

purchase. The building was removed, and now forms the north wing of the Catholic school. The Baptists, in the mean time, had commenced the erection of a large brick church on Cook street, near Mac, but before completing the work, an exchange was effected, whereby the Cath- olics became possessed of the then unfinished brick, which they have since completed and largely embellished. Besides the church building, upon which there is an insurance of $5,000, the property consists of five lots, of average size, and a parsonage, which cost, " in war times," over $2,000. The number of families in the parish is given at 175. The successors of Father Godhardt have been the Revs. James Roche, James M. Doyle (now of Janesville), P. J. O'Neil P. F. Pettit and Thomas Keenan. Father Keenan, the present incumbent, also presides over the mission in Lodi, whither he goes once a month to console the spiritual troubles of a parish composed of some twenty families.

The M. E. Church .- Isaac Smith, it seems, was the first person in Columbia County to preach Methodism. He came from England, in 1846, with a colony, known as the Potters' Emi- gration Society, which settled on Portage Prairie. Mr. Smith applied at Fort Winnebago for per- mission to hold religious services therein, but, on account of the existence of various shades of religious belief among the officers, he received little encouragement. Thereupon the use of the dining-room of the Franklin House was tendered by Capt. Low, and Mr. Smith fre- quently held forth, thereafter, to large and interested audiences. In the spring of 1851, a society was organized in Portage by the Rev. Mr. Mackintosh, who remained until the meeting of the conference that year, when he received a call to other parts. The Rev. Mr. Wilcox, Presiding Elder, was requested by the society to bring before the conference the necessity for sending thither a minister, but for some reason he failed to do so. However, regular services were kept up by the exertions of local preachers, among whom were James Chancellor, Isaac Smith and others. In the summer of 1852, Presiding Elder Wilcox sent a divine named Irish, to minister to the spiritual wants of the society. He, being an invalid, remained but a short time, and during the fall, the Rev. John Bean, in answer to a call, took charge, and thus became the first regular Pastor. The immediate successors of Mr. Bean were the Revs. Stansbury (during whose pastorate the present church edifice was built), Hackney, Train and Hazletine. Since 1859, the following-named Pastors have presided: 1859, R. Langley ; 1861, John M. Springer ; 1862, I. B. Bachman ; 1864, Jacob Miller; 1868, I. B. Richardson ; 1869, William Haw ; 1870, James Evans ; 1873, George Case, now Presiding Elder of the dis- trict ; 1876, John Knibbs; 1879, F. W. Hall, the incumbent. The membership is given at 115 persons, while the congregation frequently reaches 200. The society is free from debt. The present officers are : 'Trustees-J. F. Warren, Mr. Cutsforth, J. E. Wells. James Gowran, Mr. Wah, Evan Arthur, Mr. Kenion, Joseph Donham and W. Williams, Stewards-O. H. Lewis, J. Cole, S. M. Smith, Thomas C. Evans, W. Williams. Stew- ardesses-Mrs. N. Smith, Mrs. O. H. Lewis, Mrs. M. H. Wood and Mrs. James Gowran. Class Leaders-J. Cole and Joseph Donham. Sunday School Superintendent-W. Williams.

The Presbyterians .- In June, 1849, the Rev. William Wynkoop McNair was commissioned by the Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church as an evangelist within the bounds of Wis- consin. At that time there was but one Presbytery in the State. In July following, Mr. McNair commenced preaching in the schoolroom at the garrison of Fort Winnebago. Accord- ing to the records, he " devoted one-third of his time the first year to the portage, preaching occasionally toward the close of his missionary year in the new village then just springing up near the Wisconsin River, afterward called Portage City. The remainder of his time was devoted to Wyocena and Dekorra. In July, he commenced to devote two-thirds of his time to the port- age and the remainder to Dekorra." At the meeting of the Presbytery of Wisconsin, held at Cambridge, Dane County, in June, 1850, a committee of four, consisting of Revs. Thomas Frazer, Bradley Phillips, Eben Blachley and W. W. McNair, was appointed to organize a church at Fort Winnebago, "if the way be clear." In the mean time, a colony, composed of members of the Presbyterian Church of Fremont, Ohio, had arrived and settled in the vicinity of the fort. The members of the colony were H. R. Pettibone, John A. Johnson, Mrs. Almira B.

628

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Johnson, C. J. Pettibone, Caroline Pettibone and George and Ann Wall. Mr. McNair returned to his field of pioncer labor, and with his accustomed energy set about carrying out his instruc- tions. The results of the first meeting are given in the church journal as follows : " In pursu- ance of public notice given by the minister of the First Presbyterian Church of Fort Winnebago on three successive Sabbaths previous, the people of said church and congregation assembled at the schoolhouse in said town-their most usual place of meeting for divine worship-on Monday evening, July 29, 1850, for the purpose of organizing themselves into a body corporate and electing trustees." At this meeting, the Rev. W. W. McNair was chosen President and J. A. Johnson Secretary. Church Trustees were elected as follows : H. R. Pettibone, John Ap. Jones and John A. Johnson. Among those who soon afterward became identified with the church may be mentioned Chester Helmes, Dr. C. D. Hottenstein, C. G. McCulloch and Mrs. Emily Best. The organization completed, the next thing was a house of worship. The individual and collective exertions of the congregation soon supplied the want. A commodious frame building was finished in December, 1850. It stood upon a lot on the southeast side of Cook street, opposite the present site of the county jail, serving the purpose for which it was erected until about 1855, when it was removed to the corner of Conant and Adams streets, being purchased by the Baptists. In the mean time, the society had commenced the erection of a handsome brick edifice at the corner of Cook and Adams streets. This was completed at a cost of $16,000, and opened in February, 1856. In September of that year, Mr. McNair tendered his resignation, and on the 18th of the same month it was resolved that " Dr. McCulloch be a committee to call at Port Byron, N. Y., and hear Rev. George C. Heckman preach, and report by mail immedi- ately." Advices from the Doctor must have been favorable, for we find that Mr. Heckman soon afterward received a call at a salary of $800 per annum, which he accepted. The follow- ing named ministers have filled the pulpit since the time of Mr. Heckman : September, 1860, Benjamin Van Zandt; June, 1863, George C. Crissman ; October, 1863, F. R. Wotring ; November, 1866, Charles F. Beach ; June, 1869, John H. Ritchie ; December, 1874, Samuel Wyckoff; August, 1878, L. H. Mitchell, the incumbent. The present Trustees of the church are William Fulton, James Patterson, John Williamson, E. L. Jæger and George Wall. The following names comprise a complete list of the Elders since the organization : C. J. Pettibone (who was among the main pillars of the church during its early struggle for existence), George Wall, John T. Clark, Ll. Breese, Mr. Jennings, A. D. Hemenway. Dr. Schemerhorn, Thomas Yule, Donald Ferguson, William T. Parry and N. K. Shattuck. Messrs. Breese, Shattuck, Parry and Wall are the present Elders. Robert Campbell and E. L. Jæger have filled the office of Deacons, the latter acting in that capacity at present. The membership of the society is given at 110.

St. John's Episcopal Church .- This parish was organized in 1853, at a meeting held in Verandah Hall on the 8th day of June of that year. Henry Merrell was chosen Chairman and J. B. Seaman Secretary of the meeting, after which church officers were elected as follows : Henry Merrell, Senior Warden ; Alvah Hand, Junior Warden; Vestrymen-C. D. Hotten- stein, John Delaney, J. B. Seaman, M. H. Pettibone and A. C. Ketchum. After the election of Dr. Hottenstein and J. B. Seaman as Treasurer and Secretary, respectively, of the parish, an invitation was extended to the Rev. E. A. Goodnough, a missionary, to take spiritual charge of the small flock, which invitation was accepted. M. H. Pettibone tendered the use of Ver- andah Hall for meetings, which was also accepted. Such, in brief, were the proceedings of the first meeting of St. John's Episcopal Parish. The Rev. H. M. Thompson, of Maysville, Ky., was the first Rector. He came at a salary of $450 per annum, and remained until November, 1858, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Pattison. Mr. Thompson has since become somewhat noted, having filled the rectorship of Grace Church, New York, at a salary of $10,000 per annum. He is now Rector of Trinity Parish, New Orleans. In April, 1855, a committee was appointed to negotiate for a church site, which was secured on the north side of Pleasant street, near Clark, and a church edifice, built after plans drawn by William Thompson, a brother of the Pastor, erected thereon, at a cost of $5,000. Mr. Pattison was succeeded by the

629

HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Rev. Alonzo J. M. Hudson, who took charge February 1, 1861, and remained until the sum- mer of 1867, being superseded by the Rev. Walter F. Lloyd. During the rectorship of Mr. Hudson, the parish was duly incorporated in accordance with law. This event occurred June 27, 1864, the first parish officers under the incorporation being S. S. Case and H. S. Haskell, Wardens, and H. B. Merrell, W. W. Corning, I. W. Bacon, F. Winne, O. P. Williams and Mr. Wells, Vestrymen. The changes in the rectorship since 1867 have been Samuel D. Pulford, who came in 1869, and remained until July, 1876. The Rev. John J. Karcher was the next Rector. His resignation bears date of May 1, 1877 .. The Rev. Joel Clark followed and resigned April 10, 1879. Since then the Revs. Harry Thompson and Charles T. Susan have officiated. Two of the most pleasant features in the past history of St. John's Parish were ; First, the presentation, during the rectorship of H. M. Thompson, of a costly silver com- munion set by the Rev. Mr. Hopkins, of New York City; and, second, the $1,000 bequest of Henry Merrell, for many years Senior Warden of the parish. The first confirmation occurred January 21, 1855, when a class of sixteen persons were accepted by the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, Bishop of Wisconsin. The first baptisms in Portage, according to Episcopal rites, were of Helen M. H. Merrell, now Mrs. E. S. Purdy, and Henry L. Merrell, which occurred July 1, 1850, being performed by Bishop Kemper. The records show a total of 343 baptisms, 227 confirmations, 127 marriages and 157 burials. The present membership of the parish is about 100. A neat brick rectory was built in 1871, at a cost of $2,019. The present officers are: Wardens, H. D. Wells and G. H. Merrell; Vestrymen, John Graham, J. B. Wells, W. N. Cole, E. J. S. Wright, J. B. Taylor, W. D. Fox, Alexander Thompson and C. R. Gallett ; Treasurer, E. J. S. Wright ; Secretary, W. N. Cole.

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The history of Columbia county, Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, Part 94

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog] Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company Number of Pages: 1104

Author: Butterfield, Consul Willshire, 1824-1899, [from old catalog] ed; Western historical company, chicago, pub. [from old catalog]
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1104