USA > Arkansas > Faulkner County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Garland County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Grant County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Hot Spring County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Jefferson County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Lonoke County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Perry County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Pulaski County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
USA > Arkansas > Saline County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 120
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Those of the present rising generation who are accustomed to excellent school advantages of to-day can hardly realize the meagerness of such oppor- tunities in their father's boyhood. Even reading,
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writing, and the merest rudiments of arithmetic were considered a luxury that the poor could not possess. So it was that many otherwise intelligent men and women grew up unable to read and write. The simply well to-do people secured an itinerant young teacher to stop in the district and hold a subscription school at some one's house for a short time. There were probably none of these before about 1845; it was in this manner that the earliest teachers began here. and among them were Will- iam M. Hutchinson and Larkin Collins, who taught in various parts of this region. This kind of schooling continued down until about the time the county of Grant was organized when the public school system was introduced. There never were any academies iu this section (now Grant County), as there were in wealthier counties, and the need of education felt by fathers and mothers, who had grown up without much of any themselves, made them better prepared to receive the new system favorably than many counties that had been well supplied with advanced private schools.
The progress of the public schools in the county has been constant, especially during the present decade, and has been proportionately equal to other parts of the State, as indicated in the sketch of the Jefferson County schools, with which it is in particular contrast as to the color of the people. Of an enumeration in 1885 of 2,709, but 302 were colored, and but 329 out of a total of 2,909 in 1888. Of these but 1,470 were enrolled in 1885, of whom 87 were negroes, while but 208, out of a total of 2,042, in 1888, were colored. This shows the schools very largely composed of white children and in control of white people. Two districts are now controlled by colored people. In 1885 there were 43 districts, but 30 of whom reported enrollment, while in ISSS there were 47, but 36 with enrollment reporting. There were 37 out of the 43 voted the 5 mill tax, in 1885, while 43 out of 47 voted it in 18SS, a showing which more than anything else indicates a real interest in popular education. There is a change, too, in re- gard to teachers; all of the 44 teachers in 1885 were males, while in 1888 there were 7, out of the 50 teachers, who were females. Their wages in 1885
ranged between $30 and $60, while in 1888 there was a smaller variation of $27.50 to $37.50. The 29 frame and log schoolhouses of 1885 had in- creased in 1888 to 42 of similar material, and the value of school property increased from $2, - 332.62 to $3,388. The total receipts of 1885 were $9,155.86, while in 1888 the amount was $10,312.93, and the respective expenditures were $5,630.44 and $6,273.41. None of the grounds were reported inclosed, and the interest in in- stitutes has been rather intermittent. This show- ing, while not so strikingly brilliant as that of some counties, has an element of solid and per- manent growth, of which not every county can boast, and in some respects is a marked advance over many other counties. There are none but district schools in the county, although Sheridan is making vigorous efforts to secure an advanced graded school, and will probably succeed also in having the first brick school in the county. Sher- idan and Prattsville each employ two teachers, and Sheridan district pays the largest tax in the county, and has the longest terms. This has been since about 1885.
In so peacefully inclined a county as Grant it is no more than natural that religious societies would be found prosperous from the earliest days, and so they have been. It is not known that there was any but the most infrequent preaching before 1840. There were already families, members of which belonged to the Primitive or "Hard Shell" Baptist-so frequently the pioneers; also Mission- ary Baptists, Christian, or as they are more com- monly known, "Disciples" or "Campbellites," among whom were John B. Hester; Cumberland Presbyterians, among whom were the Calverts, and members of the Methodist Church.
One of the first preachers, however, was Rev. John Y. Lindsey, a Missionary Baptist, who held services at the home of John B. Hester as early as 1842, and led to the organization of the first church . in this region, namely Philadelphia, in Davis Town- ship. The Methodists were about the next to se- cure preachers, and probably by 1846 Rev. Elijah Crowson held services in Calvert Township. The most reliable information places New Hope as the
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
first organization of this sect about this time, or a little later. From this time forth these two denominations took the lead, and are still by far the most numerous. The Baptist exceeds by a large number. A congregation of the Christian Church was organized at a very early day by John B. Hester near his home, probably as early as the Methodists. Not far from the same time the Cumberland Presbyterians formed congregations, the oldest being Camp Creek and Pine Ridge. These two denominations have prospered fairly, the latter having the larger number of churches. The Primitive Baptists have not been strong from the first, and now have but few members. After the war the colored churches were organized chiefly in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. There were a few Baptists also.
The Missionary Baptists of the county are now chiefly of Pine Bluff Association, although three are in Friendship and one in Saline, leaving fifteen in the first mentioned. Pine Bluff Association was organized in 1862, and in Grant County has Big Creek Church, Corinth, Ephesus, Harmony, Humble Hope, Liberty, Lost Creek, Macedonia, Orion, Palestine, Philadelphia, Providence, Sardis, Shiloh and Saline Churches. Eleven of these have buildings valued at from $100 to $600 each and aggregating $3,600. Philadelphia and Sardis also have buildings valued at $600 each. The total membership of all the above is 1,294, with single memberships varying from twenty-one up to 164. Six, Big Creek, Corinth, Harmony, Liberty, Phil- adelphia and Sardis have over 120 each, Corinth being the largest with 164 enrolled, while Big Creek and Sardis come next with 156 and 155, re- spectively. Friendship Association covers Cedar Branch. Spring Hill No. 2 and New Hope, total- ing 135, while Brush Creek of Saline Association has seventy-five members, this making a grand total of 1,504 in the county.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has embraced all the white Methodists in this territory since the great separation of the 40's. They are all in Little Rock Conference, which was organized in 1853. Parts . of Pine Bluff and Little Rock districts cover the county, while all of Sheridan
and parts of Benton and Toledo circuits embrace the individual churches. In Sheridan circuit there are six churches valued at $1,350, one parsonage valued at $200, and four local preachers. There are ten congregations with a membership of 408; these are Sheridan, New Hope, Center, Moore's Chapel, Concord, Sandy Springs, Jewell's Chapel, Camp Creek, Tabor's and Oak Grove. Two churches, Cane Creek and Ebenezer. are in Benton circuit, and one, Wofford's Chapel, is in Toledo circuit. The total membership of the county reaches probably over 500.
The Cumberland Presbyterian Churches of the county are growing, but at present they have five congregations, besides preaching points. These are Camp Creek, Pine Ridge, Amity, Shady Grove and Oak Grove. Services are also held at Sheridan and Ain.
The Christian Church has three congregations in the county, besides mission points. Tull, Pratts- ville and Junet are those of the former, while mis- son services are held at Orion and Sandy Springs.
The colored churches are of the African Method- ist Episcopal Church and Missionary Baptist sects, the former, composed mostly of South Carolinian negroes, having five congregations, while the Bap- tists have three societies, and are mainly Mississip- pians. These churches have grown up chiefly since the late immigration.
The Sunday-schools are well cared for among all denominations, and protracted meetings are common and attended from great distances. The camp meeting is not so common as of yore. Along with religious feeling has grown the temperance sentiment, until Grant has become a decided pro- hibition county, not having a liquor stand within its borders.
Grant County is pastoral, rather than urban. There never has been but one town in the county, and that the county seat, Sheridan, with a popula- tion estimated at 300. Grapevine has about sev- enty-five and Prattsville about fifty, while the stores or "corners" with postoffices, are Belfast, Junet. Tull, Rural, Ain, Ico and Brooks. Besides these | places are the following postoffices only: Bass- ville, Brushyville, Cherry Grove, Darysaw, Delay,
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GRANT COUNTY.
Dogwood, Ewing, Fenter, Kelt, Obin, Okay, Orion, Poe, Sandy Springs and Turin.
There are about fifteen steam-mills, to which are attached grist, corn, saw, planing, gin, or shingle making machinery, either singly or includ- ing two or more kinds.
Sheridan has been described as to its founding. Its growth has been such that it was incorporated on August 26, 1887. The first building erected in the woods-for the principal streets were not cleared much until late years -was a hotel on Oak Street, op- posite the home of W. C. C. Dorough, by James A. Wallace. W. M. Allison built the first storehouse on the northwest corner of Main and Center Streets, but the first store opened was in a building erected by Francis Posey, on the northeast corner of Oak and Center Streets. The firm was Posey & Mor- ton. Dr. H. C. Stockton, who kept the hotel opposite, was also the first located physician. D. L. Glover built the first saw and corn-mill in 1878, and business increased constantly during the present decade, until now there are several stores, general and drug, repair shops, newspaper, a Ma- sonic lodge, the best school facilities in the coun- ty, two churches, Baptist and Methodist, and the town has become an incorporation. The first mayor was D. O. Morton, and the chief act of the corporation has been the opening of the streets.
In September, 1881, W. N. Cleveland and Henry Bales established the first newspaper in the county, The Sheridan Spy. It passed through various vicissitudes until May, 1882, when Hon. J. S. Williams became editor, with S. D. Reese, who soon withdrew. This firm changed its name to The Headlight, a title it still holds, as typical of its grasp on Democratic principles.
Grapevine secured its start in the world through the opening of a store by D. R. Williams early in the 80's. There have since arisen several stores and a mill, one lodge and a Baptist Church.
Prattsville began about the same time. G. W. Allen opened the first store, and the settlement has increased slowly. They have a Baptist Church and a school employing two teachers.
Belfast began with the store of W. T. Poe, about 1866. They have a Baptist Church.
A comparatively new county in that region of South Central Arkansas, almost equally distant from Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Hot Springs, is Grant, and whose capital bears the name of an almost equally famous general of the republic, Sheridan. In the same latitude as Hot Spring and Jefferson Counties, and in the longitude of Little Rock, Grant County is bounded on the north and east by Saline and Jefferson Counties, re- spectively, while those of Cleveland and Dallas on the south and Hot Spring on the west complete its limits. While not so regular as Jefferson, still it is not so irregular as most surrounding counties, the only projections being in the northeast and southeast corners. Its size is medium, covering an area of 620 square miles, or 396,800 acres, and its population, which, in 1870, was but 3,913, and in 1880, 6,185, is now estimated at about 9,000; while the ratio of colored to white is in marked contrast to the neighboring county on the east. Of the 3.913 souls in 1870. but 339 were colored, while of the 6,185 in 1880 but 556 were negroes, and the insignificant number of seventeen were foreign-born. The political complexion of the coun- ty is indicated by the vote of 1888 for Cleveland, Harrison and Streeter, which was 702, 152 and 65, respectively. Another social coloring of the county is indicated by the vote of 1888 for and against license, there being 667 against it to 346 for.
In a county like this, situated as it is with no railway or navigable water course within its borders, and with a considerable future before it when a railway outlet is furnished for its products, the possibilities dormant in its natural resources are of the greatest interest. The surface of the county may be called a general stream-cut level sloping gently toward the southeast. The slightly depressed bottoms and the comparatively few ele- vations that could be called hills, found chiefly in De Kalb and Tennessee Townships in the north- west and southwest may be considered the excep- tions to the general level. The streams and springs which furnish the water and drainage flow off in the general course of the slope. The Saline is the only constant water course in the county, and takes
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
a southeastern curve from the northwest corner through the southwest half and leaves near the southeast corner. The only tributary of any size on its south side is Cox Creek, while on its north, in the order of their sizes, and all taking a south- erly course, are Hurricane Creek, Lost Creek and Darysaw Creek, with streams of smaller size. A chalybeate spring and a sulphur spring of note are in Section 26, Township 5, Range 13, and Section S, Township 5, Range 12. Between these streams the earth is almost entirely soils, the exceptions being chiefly a good building stone such as is found in the quarry on Section 6, Township 4 south, Range 11 west. The soil is in the main sandy, with a red clay subsoil, although there are exten- sive exceptions to this; the land between East Creek and the Saline River west of it, is what is called "red hickory " soil, the best in the county, unless it be equaled by the "beuch land," or "second bottom" land in Tennessee Township in the southwest. Of course the bottoms are alluvial land similar to bottoms elsewhere. Wells reach a good soft water at from sixteen feet to twenty-five feet, passing through loam, clay and sand, where the water is found, or occasionally passing through a black mud just before the water-sand is reached. In a few places this water is impregnated with alum, but they are rare. The land responds to scientific fertilizers to a very paying degree, but thus far not more than a half dozen farmers have employed them.
The uplands of the county are practically a forest of fine yellow pine, slightly mixed with oaks, and furnishing 80,000 to 200,000 feet to the forty acres, and awaiting the advent of a railway to roll wealth into some one's pocket. The bottoms have chiefly white and other oaks, and yellow or sweet gums, with some hickory, holly, maple, elm, ash, etc. Little of this timber has been touched although the Muskegon Lumber Company have secured large amounts of the timber land (the largest amounts owned by a single firm), while the Iron Mountain Railway, and William Farrell are next in ownership. Thousands of acres still remain open to entry however, and large amounts can be secured at rates equal to entry.
A little coal has been found, but aside from good building stone, minerals are not known. The chief products are corn, cotton, sweet and Irish potatoes, oats, peas and German millet, the cotton and potatoes being almost the sole ship ment in these lines. In the following order of importance the fruits are peaches, apples. grapes, plums, blackberries, strawberries, cherries and raspberries. Melons are common also. As to live stock, it furnishes one of the chief sources of wealth, and may be mentioned in this order: Cattle, hogs, horses, mules, sheep, chickens, geese, ducks and turkeys. Statistics have been already given indicating the relative proportions of these various products.
Thomas C. Appling, one of the pioneers of this part of Arkansas, first saw the light of day in Tus- caloosa County, Ala. His parents were Seburn and Elizabeth (Halloway) Appling, originally from Georgia and Tennessee, respectively, and of Eng- lish descent. Mr. Appling was born in 1802, and when a young man removed to Alabama. In 1844 he came to Arkansas, settling in Jefferson County, near where his son now lives, and here resided until his death, which occurred at the age of seventy-two years, one month and ten days. His wife was born in Tennessee eighty-three years ago, and still lives with her children in Grant County. Both were members of the Baptist Church for many years, he officiating as deacon. He was jus- tice of the peace in Alabama for several years, and voted the Democratic ticket. His father (Thomas) was a soldier in the War of 1812. A family of eleven children was born to Seburn Appling and wife, four sons and two daughters now living, the subject of this sketch being the oldest: James A. (a farmer of Grant County), Enoch F. (a minister of the Missionary Baptist Church), Joel S. (farmer, justice of the peace and postmaster at Brooks), George W. (farmer of Grant County), Sallie (wife of Jesse Pratt, farmer of Prattsville, Grant County) and Martha E. (wife of Harvey Gregory, farmer and Missionary Baptist minister of Texas.) Thomas C. Appling received his education in Ala-
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GRANT COUNTY.
bama. In 1844 he came with his parents to Ar- kansas and turned his attention to farming, follow- ing that occupation ever since. He was married in 1849 to Elizabeth Williams, daughter of James Williams, of Jefferson County, and born in Geor- gia in 1832. Her mother, Barbara Williams, of Georgia birth, is still living, making her home with Mr. Appling. By his marriage the latter be- came the father of ten children, seven of whom are now living: Dr. Joseph S. A. (a practicing phy- sician of Prattsville, Ark.), Serena Ann, (wife of Joseph Lybrand, farmer of Grant County), Bar- bara E. (wife of Marcul T. L. Morgan, farmer of Grant County), Jane (wife of Newton N. Berry, farmer of Grant County), Nancy E., Mary F. and Ella (at home). Sarah died at the age of twenty-three; James J. and John F. are also de- ceased. Mrs. Appling and her children are mem- bers of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Ap- pling is a Democrat and a member of the Masonic order. Though having many reverses in his life, he is now very prosperous. During the late war he was in the Confederate army for ten months, as a member of the Second Arkansas Cavalry, partici- pating in several battles and skirmishes. In 1887 he went into the mercantile business at his home, continuing it with good success. He also operates a gin-mill on his farm. When starting for himself he was without means; now he owns a good farm and is contented in life.
John J. Beavers. In the compilation of this history and the biographical sketches of prominent men of Grant County the name of J. J. Beavers should not be omitted, as the county recognizes in him one of its substantial and influential citizens. He was born in what is now Grant County, De- cember 13, 1851. and is the son of Judge W. E. and Margaret E. Beavers, natives of Tennessee and Mississippi, respectively. W. E. Beavers was a farmer in Mississippi for a number of years after his marriage, but about 1842 moved to Arkansas and located in Saline (now Grant) County, where he resided until his death. Judge W. E. Beavers is well remembered by the early settlers, he hav- ing served as judge of Saline County before the war. He went to Virginia during that struggle to
visit two sons, and died there in 1861. At one time he was engaged in the mercantile business, having a store on his farm at Turin, where he enjoyed a very good patronage. Judge Beavers was the father of six sons and two daughters that grew to maturity. Five of the sons entered the Confederate army. Henry, the oldest, was a cap- tain, and one brother, W. W., was wounded and died in the service. Capt. H. H. was afterward a minister of the Baptist Church. The next, B. B. Beavers, was a physician by profession, and was also a prominent politician, He was elected sec- retary of State, and held that office with credit for two terms. Death ended his brilliant career in 1886. V. V. Beavers is a merchant in Charleston, Franklin Co., Ark. M. M. is an attorney and editor at Waldron, Scott County. John J. Beav- er's received a common-school education in youth, but by his careful and continual observation and self-application is better posted on matters and current events than the generality of men who can boast of having received educational advantages superior to his. He went south with the family during the war, but later went to Northwest Arkansas and clerked in several different places. He also clerked in the secretary of State's office while his brother held that position. In 1879 he returned to Grant County, and was a teacher to the youths of the surrounding country, also engaging in farming for a time. In 1886 he was appointed deputy clerk, and in 1888 was elected clerk of this county as a Democrat, which position he is now filling. Mr. Beavers was fortunate in the selection of a wife. She was formerly Miss Lulu E. Whit- thorne, a native of Tennessee and a daughter of Col. S. H. Whitthorne. Their marriage occurred November 30, 1873, and they are the parents of two bright children: Maggie L. and Lucy. Mrs. Beavers is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Beavers of the Baptist Church. He is Worshipful Master of the Masonic Lodge located at Sheridan. Of Democratic proclivities, Mr. Beavers has ever believed in the principles of Democracy, aiding by his support and influence and working for the success of that political party.
Henry Bales, one of the leading citizens of
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Grant County, and a popular merchant at Sheri- dan, was born in Adams County, III., August 25, 1855, and is a son of Jacob and Catharine Bales, of Germany, who settled in Quincy, Ill., on their arrival to this country, going thence to Louisville, Ky., where the father resides at present. He was an expert mechanic, and followed that calling for a great many years. His son, Henry, grew to ma- turity in Louisville, Ky., and was instructed by him in all the arts and devices of a mechanical nature. After reaching Louisville, Henry worked at his trade until the year 1874, and then located at Little Rock, where he established a chair fac- tory, in partnership with a Mr. E. Keohler. He carried on this business for almost two years, with fair success, and then sold out his interest. In 1876 he moved to Sheridan, Ark., and embarked in mercantile life, starting in with a limited capital of $500. Since then, by careful management, strict attention to business and enterprise, he has built up a large patronage, and is one of the most suc- cessful merchants in that county. He owns one of the finest establishments in Sheridan, and car- ries a stock that can not be surpassed in Central Arkansas, in the way of general merchandise. His annual sales amount to $20,000, and are increasing every year. Besides his commercial interests, Mr. Bales owns 2,000 acres of the most fertile land in that section, and considerable business and resi- dence property in the city. He is looked upon as one of the most substantial men in Grant County, and is proud in the thought that his prosperity has been accumulated by his own efforts and enterprise alone. On April 30, 1876, he was married to Mrs. Nancey C. Mannel, an estimable widow of Arkan- sas, and a devout member of the Baptist Church.
John M. Baugh, a successful planter and an influential citizen of Grant County, was born in Jefferson County, Ark., February 11, 1853, and is a son of David E. and Martha J. (Ussery) Bangh of Mississippi, the latter a daughter of the noted physician, Dr. John Ussery. They were the par- ents of five children. all boys: James M., David E., Newton and Marion, all still living except Newton. The father was a prosperous farmer during his life and owned about 360 acres of very
valuable land. On the occasion of his death this land was divided among his children. His wife, who is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, is still living and resides with her son, the princi- pal in this sketch. John M. was educated near Pine Bluff in Jefferson County, and received a good English literary training. On May 6, 1877, he was married to Miss Virginia B. Henry, a daughter of John R. and Martha J. Henry, who are among the leading families of Grant County. This marriage gave them five children, three boys and two girls: John H., Gillie, Martha E., Jean- ette B. and an infant. Of this number but two are living and both are girls. Mr. Baugh is one of the leading farmers and merchants of that section and owns about 302 acres of land of which there are some seventy acres under cultivation. He is well known for his liberality and activity in pushing forward the interests of his county, and is one of the most popular men in the community. In re- ligious faith he and wife are both members of the Methodist Church and take a deep interest in religious and educational matters.
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