Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.], Part 20

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co.
Number of Pages: 826

USA > Arkansas > Faulkner County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Garland County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Grant County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Hot Spring County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Jefferson County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Lonoke County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Perry County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Pulaski County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20
USA > Arkansas > Saline County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 20

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

The white population, which gathered about Arkansas Post with the beginning of French rule in 1689, under Gov. Sanville, just two centuries ago, soon began to overflow into territory up the river. The soldiers of Henri De Tonti furnished the first known instance of a white man locating within the present boundaries of Jefferson County, the point here being chosen because it was the first shelf above highwater-mark. A mixture of real fact, and some tradition, shows that Leon Le Roy, one of De Tonti's men, deserted from " the Post " on January 13, 1690. He was captured by a band of Osages, who. it is said, kept him for fourteen years a captive in the Ozark Mountains, where he was treated as a messenger (and sort of mascot) of the Great Spirit, who wished him ven- erated as their guardian, and whose wrath would fall upon them if he was allowed to escape. A close watch was kept over him, but in the spring of 1704 he escaped and reached the Arkansas River, at the mouth of Mulberry Creek. He had only reached the site of Little Rock, on his way to Natchez, Miss., when the Quapaws cap- " long time constituted all his earthly effects. It was

tured him, and, as they treated him with consider- ation, he determined to make himself one of them; he did so, and his, it is said, was the first white blood to mingle with that of the Quapaw nation. He became very prominent among them, and in 1709, when the arms and ammunition of a party of Spaniards, who died in the southeast part of the State, of an epidemic, while en route to the settle- ments in New Mexico, were found by the Quapaws, they were brought to Le Roy, who was encamped · near the present site of the court house at Pine Bluff. Here he taught the Quapaws their first lessons in the fire-arms by which he was afterward killed. The chief took the finest gun in the lot, and for 109 years it was handed down from chief to chief until in 1818, when, on the treaty with the United States, it was given to one of the commis- sioners as an emblem of friendship, peace and fidel- ity, and now lies among the relics of the Smithson- ian Institute.

Under the French governors, Sanville (1869), Bienville (1701), Cadillar (1713), de L'Epinay (1716). Beinville (1718), Boisbriant, Perier (1725), Bienville (1732), Vaudreuil (1742), Keleric (1753) and D'Abbadie (1763), there seems not to have been so much settlement within the limits of Jei- ferson County, as during Spanish reign under Govs. Ulloa (1767), O'Reilly (1768), Unzaga (1770). Galvez (1777), Miro (1785), Carondelet (1789), Lemos (1793). O'Farrell (1798) and Salcedo (1800). Even after the United States seenred it, and from 1804 to 1812, when subject to the power of the gov- ernor of Indiana Territory, William H. Harrison, it is not known at what date the squatters came in, but they came, and during the seven years before 1819, when the Territory of Arkansas was a part of Missouri Territory, some settled permanently on the old hunting grounds of the Quapaws, and in 1819 the first permanent white settler located on the site of Pine Bluff. This was a French trapper and hunter named Joseph Bonne. It was in 1825 that he built a wigwam on the river bank, between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, on ground now caved in the river, near where Sarrasin had his camp, and where a rifle, canoe and dog for a

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

at this date that John Derresseaux, of Pine Bluff, the oldest resident of the county, chose himself a plantation near Pine Bluff. A Mr. Prewett was also on the site of Pine Bluff with Joseph Bonne; their two log houses constituted the city. Among those scattered along the river on the north side were Ambrose Bartholomew, Antoine Duchesson, David Musick, Euclid Johnson, the Dardennis, the Duchessons, the Vaugines, Israel Dodge, the Widow Collar, Francis Villier, Racine (an old man), Mitchell, Mrs. Emery and son, the Masons, Mrs. Hackett, Vassar, Rigne, Barraque, Palmer and Holland; while on the south side were Bailey, Morrison, Arrington, with possibly a few others, who were chiefly engaged in hunting and the rais- ing of a little cotton and corn to vary their ex- tended leisure, and many of whose names are per- petuated in streets and townships.

That there were settlements made here previous to the organization of the county has been shown, but no regular land entries were made, or at least none appear on the records, before 1829, except numerous private surveys undated. Those made during that year were by Mary DuBoyce, A. Bar- raque, James Scull, Joseph Prewett, Allen Miller, J. S. Kelton, J. Boutwell, Stephen Coose, Joseph Snodgrass, Susan Crump, Robert Logan, Isaac Snodgrass, J. Russell, Robert Crawford, Abraham Shelly, Solomon Prewett, Ruth Wagnon and George Ivy; in 1830 there were John Boyd, John Sherley, Robert Hammond, Charles Curtis, Abel Johnson, William Marrs, Mark Bean, Hiram Tit- well, Polly Lawrence, Chester Ashley, Willis Mc- Cain, C. Aldrick, Israel Embree and Peter Kuy- kendall; in 1831, R. W. Smith, Thomas Trammel, Jarred Griffin, James Duchesson; in 1832, S. H. Hempstead, Martin Serano, Creed Taylor, A. Har- rington ; in 1833, D. F. Vaugine, one Imbraugh, Lucy Butler, George Flinn, a man named Wall; in 1834. John Emberson, I. Harrel, Thomas Phillips, John Cureton, Thomas Warren, Sr., Levi Cum- mings and S. C. Roane; in 1835, John Pope, Arch- ibald Yell and J. B. Thompson. These were all previous to the year of statehood, and some were not. residents. The entries made in a few cases were by those who kept in the van of settlement,

entering land all the way to the Indian Territory. Entries after 1836 were most numerous in the 50's, and next to that period in the 60's.

There were really no towns before Pine Bluff, where, after some efforts to locate it near Derres- seaux's, Dorris', and at another site, the county seat was placed. The first mill was built at New Gascony by * Louis Gosserreaux; Stephen Vaugine opened the first store about 1825: Creed Taylor and the Vaugines built the first gin, which was patronized over a territory that would astonish the gin owners of the present day; Bradford had the first water-mill; Mr. Barraque opened an early store at New Gascony, which was named in honor of his European birth country; the first store at Pine Bluff was kept by a Mr. Fugate, and another was controlled by a Mr. Gibson. The mail, when it did come, was carried on horse-back. Deer, bear and turkey made hard work almost unknown. Shooting matches for beef or money were not un- common. The first election was held at P. B. Greenfield's, when Mr. John Derresseaux was just under age and was not allowed to vote for his favorite candidate, Henry Clay. in consequence of which his challenger lost a vote many years later when Mr. Derresseaux assured him he was still "too young to vote " -for him.

If it be remembered that in 1813 a county was first formed by the Missouri Territorial legislature along the Arkansas River, and so given a name; and that the same body erected Lawrence in 1815, while in 1818 it formed Clark, Hempstead and Pulaski, it will be seen that Jefferson County must have been formed after Arkansas became a Terri- tory, as it did in 1819. It was a decade follow- ing this, however, and meanwhile four counties (Miller, Phillips, Crawford and Independence) were made in 1820, one (Chicot) in 1823; three (Conway, Crittenden and Izard) in 1825; three (Lovely, St. Francis and Lafayette) in 1827, and two (Sevier and Washington) in 1828. During the month of November, 1829, there were more counties made than in any other years except 1873

* French names are spelled in various ways in the records. The most probable spelling is made in these pages.

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JEFFERSON COUNTY.

and 1833, there being nine and seven respectively in the last two, and six in 1829, all but one of which were formed on November 2. These were Union, Pope, Monroe, Jefferson, Hot Spring and Jackson. This was seven years before statehood.

The law entitled " An Act to erect and estab- lish the county of Jefferson," was approved on November 2, 1829, and its first section provides as follows: "That all that portion of the counties of Pulaski and Arkansas included in the boundaries as follows, to-wit: beginning on the Arkansas River where the line between townships three and four south strikes the same; thence east to the range line between ranges nine and ten west; thence north along the west side of township three to the north - west corner of said township; thence east to the range line between ranges six and seven west; thence south with range line between six and seven to the township line between townships eight and nine; thence west on said township line to the range line between ten and eleven; thence north on said range line to the township line between three and four; thence east to the beginning; be, and the same is hereby erected into a separate and distinct county, to be called and known by the name of Jefferson." "The temporary seat of jus- tice," continues the sixth section, " for the county of Jefferson hereby established, shall be at the house of Joseph Bone [Bonne ] until otherwise pro- vided for by law;" and this act bears the signatures of John Wilson, speaker of the house of represent- atives; Charles Caldwell, president of the legisla- tive council; and John Pope, the Governor. On November 17, however, a special act provided for the county seat question by the election of three commissioners of location-one for Vaugine Township, one for Richland, and one for the county generally, who were to consider offers, locate, build temporary buildings, name the site, and pro- vide for the sale of lots. This was done, but as no records exist here previous to 1837, it must suffice to say that Joseph Bonne's house on the river bank (the site of Pine Bluff) and other houses were the seat of justice for Jefferson County always.

Changes were made in the boundaries Novem-

ber 3, 1831, October 29, 1836, and March 20, 1879, until the present territory was embraced; and municipal townships have been erected from time to time until the two townships have become nineteen: Barraque, Bolivar, Dudley Lake, " Rob- erts, Jefferson, Pastoria, Plum Bayou, Washing- ton, Vaugine, Bogy, Spring, Niven, Vaugine, Victoria, Richland. Talledega, Whiteville and Milton, a fair record for a sixty-year-old county.

Jefferson County is one of the largest and most regularly formed in the State, and lies divided by the Arkansas River, within about fifty miles of its mouth in a direct line. Its happy distance from the Mississippi, and its proximity to the capital, and surrounded as it is by Saline, Pulaski and Lonoke Counties on the north, with Arkansas, Lincoln, Cleveland and Grant on the east, south and west, make its situation particularly fortunate. Its large territory of twenty-nine miles square, making 841 square miles, or 538, 240 acres, located in a latitude of 34º north (on 15° of west longitude), similar to the northern parts of Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia, and with a climate whose annual temper- ature averages less than 62º Fahrenheit, all serve to explain its rapid growth and many of its excellent characteristics; for it must be remembered that the total population, which at the close of the war decade was but 15,714, is now very fairly estimated at nearly 45,000, nearly trebled within twenty years.

But in order to understand this the internal qualities of the county itself must be seen; and, as in all these western undeveloped regions, its future history is to be greater than its past, and now lies in embryo in its fields, forests, minerals, rivers and the like, it is with far greater interest that these will be examined.

Two general levels compose the county, as may be seen by the bluff at Pine Bluff, which indicates the difference in height to be comparatively small, while the whole county is about 800 feet above sea-level, and with a slope toward the Mississippi so gentle as to be practically a level. The higher level runs southwest from the Pine Bluff shore of the river, and embraces about one-third of the county in the southwest, the entire remainder be- ing the lower level and water surface. This water

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

surface embraces the Arkansas River, which enters near the northwest corner, and, taking an irregular course, leaves near the southeast corner, almost dividing the county equally; Plum Bayou, Bayou Bartholomew, three or four permanent lakes, and other shallow lakes and bayous to the extent of about 26,723 acres, or less than one-twentieth of the area, very much of which can be easily drained and reclaimed.

The land itself almost has no geology in the popu- lar sense of the term, for it is all a deep loam, clayey and sandy on the nplands, and alluvial delta on the lowlands, of great and ancient depths, the same soil having been discovered to a depth of over fifty feet, where ancient shells and pre-historic remains were found. This, having been washed down from the rich mineral regions above, preg- nant with potash and soda, and a wealth of or- ganic and inorganic matter, has made Jefferson County the equal of any agricultural region in the south, and, second only to Washington County, Miss., as a cotton county. In some places, as in Bogy Township, Dr. David Dale Owen found the strata to be alternate layers of red sand and loam, and dark stiff " buckshot clay," and several feet of white clay to the depth of about thirty-three feet, where water was reached, containing salt, soda, potash, lime, forms of magnesia, iron and silica, a composition very similar to the river water in dry seasons. The " buckshot clay " is so called from its peculiar crumbling quality. In some places good soft water is obtained at a depth of twenty-one feet, as near Redfield, where it also breaks out in springs. At Pine Bluff a section showed about a foot of fine silicious loam: sixteen feet of ash-colored and light yellowish grey loamy clay, with some gravel; sixteen feet of red clay; twenty-six feet of orange-colored sand, a little ferru ginous sandstone and yellowish gray sand. A sec- tion at White Bluff showed "ten feet of soil, sand, clay and gravel; ten feet of thin-banded light gray clay with sand; sixty feet of green marly clay with fossils underlaid by light and dark-colored marls highly fossiliferous." The well-known red sediment of the river, which has so much to do with cotton growth, was supposed by Dr. Owen to percolate

into the lower soils, reaching the cotton rootlets, for good cotton will grow on sand-bars where corn would not thrive.

The growth of timber on such land has always been great. The immense cypress growth in the lowest parts has hardly been touched; the fine yel- low pine and white oak of the uplands have great futures before them; oaks of all kinds, walnuts, pecans, hickory, sweet and black gum, sycamore, elm, maple and cottonwood are among other more prominent species that avail the freer introduction of mills and factories. As to the cultivated prod- nets, cotton and corn lead, but the slightest at- tention to small fruits and vegetables, especially on the nplands, is attended with the most happy re- sults; grapes, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, strawberries and raspberries would rival any region if anything like the attention was given them that cotton and corn receive.

This situation, in connection with the mild cli- mate, makes a field for raising horses, mules, cat- tle, hogs and sheep that is unsurpassed, for the abundant vegetation renders systematic feeding al- most unnecessary the year around, and shelter is a remarkably smaller item that in localities farther north. While the expert stock raiser might not use this method, the far less expenditure for feed and shelter would be almost a source of wealth in itself.

Cheap labor and lands, too, under intelligent and trained direction, have already been sources of rapidly gained wealth by planters even of small capital. The rich lowlands favor the large planta- tions, on which may be found as high as 125 labor- ing families, chiefly colored, while the stream-cut uplands, away from the miasma of the undrained lowlands, have secured a large population of the well-to-do white small farmers. The plans in vogue by the large land owners are the lease sys- tem, rent system and share system, along with which the merchant-mortgage is a marked factor. The cultivated land is mostly in the hands of white men, and the great bulk of farm labor is done by colored people. who are sometimes improvi- dent and by laboring but a few days of the week, fail to acquire much property. There are notable

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JEFFERSON COUNTY.

and numerous exceptions to this rule, however, in ber less than 300 acres each, 1,582; assessed value which colored men are wealthy and employ white per acre, alluvial lands, exclusive of improvements, men, the most marked instance being Mr. Wiley , various distances from river and rail, $15 to $25; Jones, a colored citizen of Pine Bluff, who is the only colored owner of a street railway in the world, and whose aid in public enterprises makes him one of the leading factors of the county among both white and colored. The peaceable relations of the two races is probably more marked than in any other part of the South, and they are characterized by the feeling that mutual safety lies in the real and industrial education of the colored race, by themselves and by the co-operation of the white people. A marked movement in this direction will be noticed in the proper place.

The mineral springs are White Sulphur, Can- trell's, Lee's and German's. The largest lakes are Noble's, Dick and Horseshoe.

The lands are: Bottom, about 363,000 acres; upland, 175,000 acres; cultivated, 90,000; unim- proved land, cultivable, 370,000 acres ; vacant national land, 15,000 acres; railway land, 10,000; acres in cotton in 18SS, 67,450; number of bales in 1886, 55,120. Average yields per acre: Seed cotton on bottoms, 1,400 pounds; upland, 800 pounds; corn on bottoms, 35 bushels; upland, 15 bushels; wheat on bottoms, 30 bushels; upland, 123 bushels; oats on bottoms, 40 bushels: upland, 20 bushels; rye on bottoms, 40 bushels; upland, 20 bushels; field peas, 50 bushels; sorghum, 100 gallons; millet on bottoms, 1} tons; timothy, 1} tons; red top, 2 tons; clover, 1} tons; Irish pota- toes, 50 bushels; sweet potatoes, 150 bushels; tur- nips, 250 bushels; while water-melons, musk-melons and pumpkins are of noted size. Estimated tim- ber distribution: Pine, 637,735,000 feet; satin wood, oak, cypress, cottonwood, ash and hickory, about 1,913,205,000 feet : shipment annually, 75,000,000 feet lumber and 10,000,000 shingles; mills, about twenty-eight, equally distributed on the railways in ISS7. Estates, * total, exclusive of railway lands, 1, 797; number over 2,000 acres each, 40; number between 1,000 and 2,000 acres each, 44; number between 500 and 1,000 acres each, 78; number between 300 and 500 acres each, 54; num-

wooded or wild alluvial, $1 to $5; nplands in culti- vation, $5 to $10 per acre: wooded or wild np- lands, $1; all of which may usually be taken as about half of its real value. Acres of land taxed, 466,145; assessed value, $2,478,617; assessed value of city property, $1,306, 760; total value of city reality, $3,785,377; number of horses, 2,019 -value, $79, 179: number of mules, 3, 113 -value. $166,195; number of cattle, 8, 522-value, $55, 742; number of sheep, 1,005-value, $1,220; number of hogs, 5,076-value, $6,362; number of wagons, 1,327-value, $37,001; all other personal prop- erty, $1,027, 421; total personal property, $1,373, - 110; total real and personal, $5,547, 747; county tax, $40,898.60; State tax, $21,617.73; total, $62,516.33; number miles of railroad in the county, 130 St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas, 43 miles; Little Rock, Mississippi River & Texas, 473 miles; Pine Bluff & Swan Lake, 26 miles; the Altheimer branch of the St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas Railway, 143 miles; stations on St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas Railway, 10; stations of Little Rock, Mississippi River & Texas Railway, 17; stations of Pine Bluff & Swan Lake Railway, 11; number miles of navigable river front, 162; land- ings between Pine Bluff and mouth of river, 27; landings between Pine Bluff and Little Rock, 18. There has been increase in nearly all items since 1887; but, all things considered, the greatest growth has been in the last decade, greater than in any other in the career of the county.

The county seat has always been on the site of the "City of Pines," even before the commission- ers had chosen the site, as directed in the act of the General Assembly, and named it from two natural characteristics-Pine Bluff. The house of Joseph Bonne was on land between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, now caved into the river, and served as the first court house just ten years after he located there. After that court was held in various rented log houses, but particularly in one on Barraque Street, under an oak tree which was destroyed in the great fire of 1877, and under

* 1887, Arkansas Gazette.

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

whose branches many a pioneer court sat in solemn dignity in the open air. In 1839 Jacob Brump was given the contract for the erection of a brick court house, to be located on the site between the present court house and the river. It was 40 feet square, two stories, with an octagon bell tower, and cost $5,300, and a front view sketch of it may still be seen in the deed records of 1839-the early work of Pine Bluff's present venerable mayor. It was in 1856 that this was superseded by the pres- ent structure, a two-story painted brick, 50 feet by 54 feet, with two one-story wings 20 feet by 40 feet, and of a mixed fortress and Greek style of architecture. Jacob Brump was commissioner and George G. Keeler contracted to complete it for $15,000. Among the changes since made may be mentioned the removal of the court room to the lower floor, the extension of the front porch and the vaults on the northeast corner, while still more extensive improvements are under way, to cost about $22,000. The jails formerly used were not so good as the present one-a brick structure of one story,, located at the rear of the court house.

The county has no poor farm.

Its highways all radiate from Pine Bluff and are in good condition. The oldest of these is the old military road to Little Rock and down the river. These are the most important county struc- tures.

On January 15, 1853, several citizens of East- ern Arkansas, among whom was Hon. J. W. Bo- cage, secured the charter for the Little Rock & Napoleon Railroad. Work was begun about 1858 and by the time the war opened the bed was al- most ready for rails. This event, of course, stopped everything. About 1868-69 the members of the State government secured and completed it from Pine Bluff to Chicot-the first railway in the country. It was finished to Little Rock about 1881-82, and is the now well-known "Valley Route." After this came the "Cotton Belt," or St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas, completed in a general northeasterly course through Pine Bluff about 1880. It was not far from 1882 that the Pine Bluff & Swan Lake Railway-a narrow-gauge on the bed of the "Cotton Belt" to Rob Roy-was

built off in the direction of Corner Stone and the east. The Altheimer Branch of the "Cotton Belt," taking a northwesterly direction from Altheimer, has been in operation for about three years, and two other railways are contemplated.

An agricultural society existed before the war, and one has been in active operation for several years past. The county branch of the Bureau of Immigration for the State began when that move- ment started and has been of great benefit to the county. The Jefferson County Medical Society was organized November 19, 1870, and has been so vigorous that the State society met with it in 1889. It has twenty-eight members. The County Wheel was formed in 1889. J. Ed. Murray Camp of Ex-Confederate Veterans is an interesting organ- ization effected in 1889 and has 190 members. M. G. Sennett is commander.

Railway bonds to the amount of $100,000 were issued April 1, 1873, and due in 1894, bearing six per cent interest. Some of these have been paid, but otherwise the county is out of debt, and a per- manent sinking fund provides for continuous re- duction of the bonds without affecting the growth of the county, as its continued prosperity abund- antly proves.

For the successive decades beginning with 1830 the population of Jefferson County has been 772; 2,566; 5,834; 14,971; 15,733; 22,386; and (esti- mated) 45,000 in 1889. In 1860 the white and colored proportions were, respectively, 7,813 and 7,158; in 1870 were 5, 566 white to 10, 167 colored, and in the year 1880, 5,331 to 17,011 colored. The increase of negro population over the white in 1889 is equally marked. In 1880 there were 395 foreign born persons to 21,991 native.

The proportion of negro to white population just indicated has given Jefferson County that greatest of great problems in the South-the peace- able adjustment of negro and white government. But great as the problem is the county seems to have solved it, for themselves at least, and in the best manner so far known. This has been accom- plished by the preliminary caucus of both parties in joint committee session, in which a fusion ticket is formed, composed of men of both races, among

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Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.], Part 20

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company) Publication date: 1889 Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co. Number of Pages: 826

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co.
Number of Pages: 826