Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.], Part 60

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co.
Number of Pages: 826


USA > Arkansas > Faulkner County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Garland County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Grant County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Hot Spring County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Jefferson County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Lonoke County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Perry County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Pulaski County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60
USA > Arkansas > Saline County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 60


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The bar of Little Rock has always been an able district, composed of the counties of Lonoke, Pn- | one, numbering among its members some of the laski, Van Buren, Faulkner and Cleburne. Hon. J. W. Martin, of Little Rock, is the present judge of the district. His term expires October 30, 1890. R. J. Lee is the prosecuting attorney, and his term expires at the same date. The regular sessions of this court in Pulaski County begin on the second Monday in March, and on the first Monday in Oc- tober of each year. brightest legal lights of America, and it still main- tains its efficiency. Among the present members are Samnel R. Allen, C. Altenberg, John C. Bar- row, Liberty Bartlett, George L. Basham, B. B. Battle, Blackwood & Williams, Caldwell Brad- shaw, A. J. Carden, Carroll & Pemberton, Caruth & Erb, John H. Cherry, E. O. Clark, Sol. T. Clark, James Coates, Caswell Coffman, Cohn & Pulaski Chancery Court was established by an act of the legislature, approved January 15, 1855, and has been in continued existence since. Its regular sessions begin on the first Mondays of April and October of each year. Cohn, Collins & Balch, F. W. Compton, W. A. Compton, A. G. Cunningham, Dodge & Johnson, P. C. Dooley, William J. Du Val, C. C. Farrell, W. A. Files, H. L. Fletcher, F. M. Fulk, T. E. Gibbon, Fay Hempstead, George R. Hughes, W. H. Hyatt, Benj. J. Johnson, Francis Johnson, John B. Jones, Jones & Martin, Eben W. Kimball, Gilbert Knapp, Lee & Trimble, John McClure, Judge Joseph W. Martin (now on the circuit court bench), C. B. Moore, J. M. Moore, Elbert Oliver, Joseph Ogden, T. J. Oliphant, Bertrand Pope, Ratcliffe & Fletcher, Charles P. Redmund, U. M. and G. W. Rose, John M. Rose, George H. Sand- ers, G. W. Shinn, W. L. Terry, W. J. Terry, B. D. Turner, Jr., Mark Valentine, Frank W. Vaughan, Albert Wassell, Samuel S. Wassell, Samuel W. Williams, Charles C. Waters, W. A. Webber and William G. Whipple. The following are colored members: M. W. Gibbs, G. N. Per- kins, C. T. Lindsey and Thomas P. Johnson.


In 1836 the legal bar of Pulaski County, or as it might be said of the State capital, as recently pub- lished by J. R. Homer Scott, a son of Judge Andrew Scott of the first superior court of Arkansas Ter- ritory, consisted of the following-named prominent attorneys: Chester Ashley, Daniel Ringo, David C. Rover, Ambrose H. Sevier, Charles Caldwell, William Cummins, Robert Crittenden, Samuel C. Roane, Bernard Smith and Judge Samuel S. Hall. These were all representative men of Arkansas, and nearly all had a State, and a few had a National rep- utation. Chester Ashley came to Little Rock in 1820, Ambrose H. Sevier in 1821, William Cum- mins in 1824. According to Gen. Albert Pike, Robert Crittenden, Chester Ashley, William Cum- mings, Absalom Fowler and Daniel Ringo were the foremost members of the bar of Little Rock in 1833. Other influential early members of the Lit- tle Rock bar, some of whom settled here prior to


1828, and some at a subsequent period, were Judge Benjamin Johnson and his talented son, Robert W .; Samuel H. Hempstead; Albert Pike, who came in 1833; F. W. Trapnall and John W. Cocke, both from Kentucky, in 1836; John J. Clendennen, who came about the same time, and Ebenezer Cummins and George C. Watkins-the latter two having settled early in the 20's when very young men. Prominent among the later members was Pleasant Jordan, who came in the winter of 1842-43, and Elbert H. English, who came in 1884.


In consequence of there being no "roll of at- torneys" at the office of the clerk of the Pulaski circuit court, there are undoubtedly other mem- bers of the bar whose names do not here appear.


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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


At the September election in 1888, James P. Eagle, Democratic candidate for Governor. received in Pulaski County 2,852 votes, and C. M. Norwood, the candidate of the Union Labor party and Com- bined Opposition, 3,180 votes. These are the re- turns reported by the secretary of State in his last biennial report. At the same election there were two tickets in the field for county officers - the Dem- ocratic and the Union Labor-the latter being sup- ported by the combined opposition to the former. From the best information available to the writer, A. F. Rice, Union Labor candidate for representa- tive in the State legislature, received 4, 717 votes, which was the highest number received by the four candidates on that ticket for the legislature, the other three receiving a less number, the lowest be- ing 4,648, and C. T. Coffman, Democratic candi- date for representative in the legislature, received 3,843 votes, which was the highest number received by the four candidates on that ticket for the legis- lature, the lowest being 3,723. It is presumed that the candidates on the Union Labor ticket received a like number of votes and like majorities at the polls; but on the night of September 5, following the election, a burglary was committed on the vaults of the county clerk's office, and the poll books and ballots of nine townships within the county were stolen from the place therein where they had been previously deposited. These townships were Badg- ett, Big Rock, Campbell, Eastman, Eagle, Min- eral, Pyeatt, Roland and Union, each of which had polled a majority against the Democratic ticket. When the returns were counted by the proper board, those of the nine townships named not be- ing present. were " counted out, " and the balance. when counted, gave each Democratic candidate on the county ticket a majority, and to them certifi- cates of election were issued.


On the convening of the legislature Messrs. A. F. Rice, E. J. Owen, H. Morehart and G. W. Thompson, candidates for the legislature, con- tested the seats of C. T. Coffman, William Nick- ell, J. R. Walter and G. W. Granberry, opposing candidates, to whom certificates of election had been issued. The legislature, upon investigation of the matter, declared A. F. Rice and his asso-


ciate candidates duly elected and entitled to their seats. This, of course, unseated the Democratic candidates. The other candidates for county offi- ces, to whom certificates of election had been is- sued, qualified and assumed the duties of the offi- ces, and continue to hold them.


Gov. Simon P. Hughes, on September 13, 1888, issued a proclamation offering a reward of $200 for the arrest and conviction of each person who participated in stealing the poll-books and ballots, but up to September. 1889, no arrests had been made.


At the presidential election in November, 1888, the several candidates received votes in Pulaski County as follows: Cleveland (Democrat), 2,873; Harrison (Republican), 4,446; Streeter (United Labor), 24; Fiske (Prohibition), 15.


Upon the approach of the Civil War, 1861-65, the United States Arsenal at Little Rock was in possession of a small force of Federal troops, commanded by Capt. James Totton, who, on Feb- ruary 8, 1861. in obedience to a demand of Gov. Henry M. Rector, surrendered the arsenal and all property connected therewith to the State authori- ties. According to the terms of the surrender the captain was permitted to retire, unmolested, with his command from the State. Accordingly on the 12th of the same month, after having given pos- session of the property, the captain and his com- mand embarked on board the steamer Madora, for St. Louis, Mo. Notwithstanding this occurrence, there was still a strong sentiment of loyalty to the Federal Government, among the people of Pulaski, County, and when delegates were elected to the State Convention to be held in March, 1861, they were elected with the understanding that they should vote against the secession of the State. But after the war had actually begun, and Presi- dent Lincoln had issued his proclamation, calling upon Arkansas for her quota of troops to assist in bringing the seceded States back into the Union, the sentiment changed, and the people almost unan- imously preferred to cast their lot with the pro- posed Southern Confederacy, and did all in their power to help establish it. To this end several companies of soldiers were enlisted and organized


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PULASKI COUNTY.


within the county, and furnished the Confederate army.


The first of these companies to take the field was that of Capt. William Martin, which was organized early in the summer of 1861, and com- posed a part of the First Arkansas Regiment. The second was the "Capital Guards," an inde- pendent company that had been organized for some time before the war. This company, under com- mand of Capt. Gordon N. Peay, joined the Sixth Arkansas Regiment. The same year another com- pany, commanded by Capt. James B. Johnson, was raised and joined the "Hyman Legion," and still another company (Cavalry) was raised and commanded by Capt. Ben. S. Danley. It joined an Arkansas regiment of cavalry. Also, early in the summer of 1861, Capt. W. E. Woodruff or- ganized an artillery company to assist the Confed- Perates in Missouri. After the battle of Oak Hill (Wilson's Creek), this company disbanded and was subsequently re-organized. In March, 1862, Capts. John O' Brien and Francis A. Terry each raised a company of infantry. The former joined the Twen- ty-fifth Arkansas Regiment. About the same time Capt. William N. Parrish joined the Confederate army with a company partially raised in each of the counties of Pulaski and Saline. Other com- panies and parts of companies were also organized at Little Rock, but this being the capital of the State, it is to be presumed that the companies or- ganized here were recruited to some extent from adjoining counties.


Early in September, 1863, Gen. Fred Steele, commanding United States troops in Arkansas, ad- vanced upon Little Rock. Gen. Sterling Price was then in command of the Confederate forces at this place, but retired upon the approach of Steele's army, and the latter took possession of the city without resistance. On the 10th day of the month Brig. Gen. Davidson assumed command of the post. Gen. Steele then established his headquar- ters here, and from that time, until the close of the war and for a time thereafter. Little Rock remained in possession of and under the control of Federal troops. From the time that Capt. Totton delivered the arsenal at Little Rock to the State authorities


in February, 1861, until Gen. Steele captured the place in September, 1863, it was in possession of the friends and troops of the proposed Southern Confederacy; hence it escaped the alternate oc- cupancy of the contending armies that so many other cities were subjected to.


It is said by citizens of Little Rock that Gen. Steele. after taking possession of the city, did all in his power to ameliorate the sufferings of the citi- zens, and by so doing won their highest esteem, even though their sympathies were not with his cause. His bitterest political enemies, including ex-offi- cers of the Confederate army, speak of him in the highest terms of respect, and the latter especially commend his skill as a military commander. It is proper to say in this connection, that at other places where Gen. Steele was in immediate com- mand, the writer has heard the same encomiums pronounced upon him by the citizens for his kind- ness to them and for his protection of their indi- vidual property.


Pulaski County was somewhat overrun by scout- ing parties who committed some depredations, but in this respect did not suffer as much as some other counties of the State. Provisions were hard to obtain, and on account of their scarcity the citizens suffered much until communication was opened up by the Federal army, and even then much suffer- ing continued for a long time, for the want of means with which to purchase supplies. By ref- erence to the history of Little Rock appearing in this work, it will be seen how rapidly and how suc- cessfully the citizens thereof have recovered from the cruel effects of the war.


Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas, and the county seat of Pulaski County. is situated on the south side of the Arkansas River, in latitude 34º 43' north, and longitude 92° 10' west from Green- wich, England, and is distant by rail from St. Louis, 345 miles; from Texarkana, 145 miles; from Fort Smith, 164 miles; and from Memphis, 135 miles.


Long before Little Rock had an existence as a town or city, the French explorers of the Arkansas River discovered the point of rock at the foot of what is now Rock Street, and upon which the south


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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


end of the lower bridge rests, and named it in their language "La Petite Rochelle," which, translated, means "The Little Rock," in contradis- tinction with another much larger rocky promon- tory on the opposite of the river, and two miles higher up. La Petite Rochelle, as it was then called, formed a noteworthy landmark for boatmen on the river, as it was the first rock which they discovered in ascending the stream from its mouth. Upon the arrival of the first American settlers, the name Little Rock was continued, but afterward, in 1821, the citizens, disliking the name (it apply- ing only to a certain point) called a meeting, and resolved to change the name of the town to " Ark- opolis:" but this new name was never adopted. It seems that the early proprietors of the town favored the original name, for the record shows that when they recorded the first plat they were very emphatic in saying that the town should be | "forever known by the name of Little Rock."


In 1818 there were, as has been stated, only a few settler in the vicinity of Little Rock, and prior thereto no attempt had been made to found a town. Isaac Watkins, who arrived, as it is believed, in 1818, erected a log cabin on the river bank, on the west side of what is now Main Street, and opened a "tavern" therein. There were no stores in the town at that time but soon after Capt. Pitcher opened a little store, probably the first one, at the foot of Main Street. In a short time another one was opened at the wharf where the Pine Bluff Depot now stands. William Wait, also, was one of the first merchants of the place. At this time, and for some time later, all transportation on the river was by means of keel-boats, which brought provisions from New Orleans and exchanged them for the commodities furnished by the pioneer set- tlers, consisting mostly of peltry, wild honey, bees- wax, hides, etc. It was the custom of the early settlers to depend mostly upon hunting, and the revenue derived therefrom, for their living ; conse- quently, much that might have been raised at home was purchased from the supplies that came up the river. Bacon, none of which was raised here then, was 25 cents. sugar 50 cents, and coffee 75 cents per lb. Corn ranged from $1.00 to $1.50 per


bushel, and as for wheat there was none, but flour could be obtained at from $10.00 to $16.00 per barrel.


In the fall of 1821, after Little Rock had be- come the capital of Arkansas Territory, and one session of the legislature had been held there, the proprietors of the original site, consisting of Will- iam Russell, Henry W. Conway, Robert Critten- den, W. Trimble, Robert C. Oden, Thomas P. Eskridge and Joseph Harden, had it surveyed and laid out into blocks, lots, streets and alleys. It was surveyed on an angle of seven and a half de- grees east of north, so as the better to accommo- date it to the course of the river. The original town contains 365 blocks, and the streets extend- ing back from the river are named, beginning on the east: Commerce, Rock, Cumberland, Scott, Main, Louisiana, Center, Spring, Broadway, Arch, Gaines, State, Izard, Chester, Ringo, Cross, Pu- laski, Victory and Cove. The streets crossing these at right angles, and running nearly parallel with the river, are Markham (or First), and from thence they are numbered respectively from two to eighteen inclusive. Many additions have since been laid out from time to time to accomodate the growth of the place, and there is now included within the corporate limits of the city nearly all of Sections 2 and 3, about one-half of Section 4, a portion of Section 8, more than one-half of Section 9, the whole of Section 10, about one-half of Sec- tion 11, nearly one-half of Section 14, and five- eights of Section 15, all in Township 1 north, Range 12 west, according to the Government sur- vey of the public lands.


Being situated upon a navigable river, and be- ing also the capital of an organized territory, and the shire town of a county, Little Rock became settled and developed more rapidly than many other towns within the Territory, though its growth was not equal to that of more modern towns. In 1820 the town is said to have contained a population of seven families. It was incorporated on October 27, 1825. The charter contained a provision that no one person should be required to pay more than $20 annual tax. It was re-incorporated by an act of the legislature of the Territory, approved


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PULASKI COUNTY.


383


November 7, 1831, under the name and style of "The Mayor and Town Council of Little Rock." The council consisted of four members, and the corporation was authorized to appoint such other officers as were deemed necessary. It was again incorporated, this time as a city, on November 11, 1835.


:


William F. Pope, a second consin and ex-pri- vate secretary of Gov. John Pope, says that when he came to Little Rock, in 1832, it contained six- teen small brick buildings, various log and frame honses, and had a population of from 700 to 800, and that the business was all located near the cross- ing of Main and Markham Streets. R. C. Byrd, McLean & Badgett, Jacob Rider, Emzy Wilson and Dudley Mason were the merchants of the place, and got their goods only twice a year. Their trade extended seventy-five or eighty miles to the south, far to the southwest, and also far to the north and northeast, but not so far in other directions, as trading posts by this time had been established at various places on the river both below and above Little Rock. Prices of goods and commodities then ranged as follows: Domestics, bleached, from 30 to 50 cents; domestics, unbleached. 25 cents; calico, 30 to 373 cents; sugar, 15 cents; coffee, 25 cents; corn, 75 cents per bushel; cornmeal, $1 per bushel; flour, $10 to $12 per barrel; Irish potatoes, $1 per bushel; sweet potatoes and turnips, each 50 cents per bushel; salt, $7 per barrel; iron 10 cents per pound, and beef, choice steaks, only 5 cents per ponnd. Beef was the only cheap article, and it was very cheap, for the reason that it cost nothing to raise the cattle, and that there was only the home market for it, besides there was an abund- ance of wild game, by which the settlers were so well supplied with meat that there was but little beef demanded.


1


In 1836 (according to J. R. Homer Scott, a son of Judge Andrew Scott, one of the first judges of the superior court of Arkansas Territory, who came with his family to Arkansas Post in March or April, 1821, and to Little Rock in 1822) John McClain was a merchant on Main Street. Jacob Rider was then selling goods on the corner of Main and Markham, where the German National Bank is


now located. On the opposite corner north, Byrd & Dugan sold dry-goods. Across Main, east of them, where Gibson's drug store is now located, James Debaun sold goods. South of him, where now stands the First National Bank, Emzy Wilson sold goods, and adjoining him Charly Fisher had a confectionery store. On the east side of Main, near the river bank, George W. Scott, then United States Marshal, and Henry W. Armstrong, form- erly sheriff of the county, were selling goods in partnership. Adjoining them on the south was the drug store of Lee, Little and others. The same authority says that the first hotel built in Little Rock was on the corner of Markham and Scott Streets, and that it was kept by Maj. Nicho- las Peay, who came with his family to Little Rock in 1824 or 1825 .* The next hotel was a brick house built by Hon. Chester Ashley, on the west side of Main Street, opposite the drug store of .Lee, Little and others. Christian Brumback kept a butcher shop on the corner of Fifth and Main Streets, and ran a brickyard where now stands the fine residence of Judge Sam. W. Will- iams on Center Street. Dudley D. Mason and - Baker were hatters, and lived between Scott and Third on Louisiana. Samuel C. Roane's house, afterward the residence of Gov. John Pope, was on Second and Louisiana. Mr. Scott also writes that the house in which Gov. John P. Eagle now resides, on the corner of Eighth and Cumber- land Streets, which was built and occupied by Rob- ert Crittenden, was the first brick house erected in Little Rock. In this he is sustained by some surviving settlers, while others, especially Judge William F. Pope, who came to the town in 1832, and S. H. Tucker, who came the following year, contend that the small portion of the latter's resi- dence, consisting of brick, was the first brick build- ing erected in Little Rock, and, also, that two other small brick houses were erected prior to the Crit- tenden house.


The physicians of Little Rock, in 1836, were Matthew Cunningham, William P. Rayburn, John


* It is presumed that Isaac Watkins, who formerly kept tavern in his cabin at the foot of Main Street, only entertained individuals as an accommodation, until the first hotel was erected.


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384


HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.


H. Cocke, Robert T. Watkins, - Richie, Bush- rod W. Lee, W. Little, George Patton and J. R. Conway.


"After the admission of the State into the Union, in 1836, the growth of the place was more rapid, though still greatly retarded by an exten- sive and implacable litigation, which sprung up about conflicting titles to the land on which the place is situated. This damper on the prosperity of the town was only removed at the December term of the supreme court of the United States for the year 1867, when a quietus was finally put to a long and vexations series of suits." [Ex- tract from Dr. Cantrell's history. ]


A very rapid growth of Little Rock continued from 1836 to 1840; then, as a result of the general financial panic of 1837. the breaking of the banks, and the depreciated value of Arkansas currency, which finally became worth only 45 cents on the dollar, business came to a standstill, and but little improvement was made, and but few added to the population for the next ten or twelve years. About the year 1853 the place began to prosper again, and continued to improve until the beginning of the Civil War, the town having acquired a popula- tion in 1860, according to the United States cen- sus reports, of 3,727.


In 1856 the business was confined mostly to Markham and Main Streets. On the former it was located between Main and Commerce Streets, and on Main it was located between the river and Second Street, with, perhaps, a little between Second and Third. There were also some small business shops on Markham west of Main. There was then only one hotel proper, the "Anthony House," which stood on the south side of Mark- ham, between Main and Scott Streets, but there were several boarding houses. The "Anthony House " was then kept by John Collins. There were a large number of general stores, four church edifices for the whites, the Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, South, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic, and one for the colored people. There were also two schools, one taught by Moses Eastman, and the other by the Sisters of Mercy. Two landings on the river were then in use, the


one being at the foot of Main, and the other at the foot of Commerce Street. At the beginning of the Civil War, business became again suspended, and so remained through the war period and for some years thereafter.


John R. Wherry, who came to this place in 1859, says there were no policemen nor night- watchmen in the city then. People slept with doors and windows open. There was no ice here then for summer consumption, and there was only one bakery in the town, and that was kept by an old Irishman named Moore, and dubbed by his en- thusiastic friends as "Rory O'Moore." From 1855 to the beginning of the Civil War, the block now bounded by Sherman, Commerce, Third and Fourth Streets was known as the "Dutch Garden," and bore the same relation to Little Rock for pleasure that "Over the Rhine" did to Cincin- nati, Ohio. It was a favorite resort for everybody, and no stranger had "seen the elephant " unless he had taken in the "Dutch Garden."


In 1872 Dr. W. A. Cantrell, in writing up a brief, but valuable, history of Little Rock, after referring to the decision of the supreme court of the United States, rendered in 1867, putting a quietus to the contention that had long existed about the title to real estate of the city, said: "Since then town lots have been bought and sold, property has changed hands, handsome residences and substantial business honses have been erected, and to the east, west and south the city is rapidly spreading out in uninterrupted growth and grace- ful embellishments. The war, which has desolated so many fair cities in the South and West, seems here mercifully to have stayed its insatiate hand, and rather to have developed all the latent strength and beauty which had hitherto slumbered in indo- lence and apathy. Large property holders have been compelled, by pecuniary needs, to relinquish blocks of town lots, before lying vacant, to enter- prising purchasers, who are filling up the voids with inviting homes and throwing new and vigor- ous impulses into the marts of. business."




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