Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.], Part 22

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co.
Number of Pages: 826

USA > Arkansas > Faulkner County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Garland County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Grant County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Hot Spring County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Jefferson County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Lonoke County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Perry County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Pulaski County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22
USA > Arkansas > Saline County > Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.] > Part 22

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Gen. Clayton soon thoroughly fortified Pine Bluff, as it then stood, by a series of probably two and a half miles of intrenchments, in an irregular figure, about the town. He held the town during the remainder of the war, and, excepting occa-

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sional raids down to the Ouachita River, there were no subsequent events of military note.

Under the Isaac Murphy provisional govern- ment of 1864, W. Williams and Reed Fletcher were representatives, and M. W. Galloway was the senator from Jefferson County.

Reconstruction was as painful a rehabilitation here as elsewhere, but the wisdom exercised in the mutual efforts of the white population and the newly enfranchised race have resulted in the best solution of their difficulties so far tried in the whole freedmen realm.

Pioneers have seldom found time and facilities for more than the most meager educational advan- tages for their children at home, and in this Jeffer- son County has not proved an exception. The early Catholic schools, under the care of the Sis- ters at St. Mary's, were the first to be called real schools, and it is unfortunate that more is not known of their excellent work.

Aside from this parochial school, it is not cer- tain that there were any schools of note before 1841. The wealthy ones secured a tutor for their family, and then sent their sons off to the colleges of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, while their daughters attended the most convenient semin- aries. Occasionally an educated young man might come along and have a short session of select school. These, however, began at Pine Bluff. As early as 1841 a pioneer Methodist minister, named Rev. Hunt, opened a school in a log house at Pine Bluff, under the auspices of the church to which he belonged. He was assisted by his wife and sister-in-law, and continued for a few years. Not long after this school closed Prof. Henry Sharp had a school for boys and girls, and about two years later he was succeeded by Dr. Barrington. Prof. Brander taught afterward for a couple of years, and others of less prominence.

During the 50's Col Alexander, of Virginia, opened one of those academies whose purpose was to fit boys for college. The institution flourished under the management of this able gentleman, so that he required assistance. Mr. John J. Martin, the present county surveyor, was one of his teach- ers. The school continued up to the war. Con-

temporary with it was a school for young ladies and small boys, kept by Miss Wasserman, who opened the institution for a time after the war. About the same time a school was in session for a few years before the war, at White Sulphur Springs, and was taught by a Methodist minister. During the decade before 1860 one was also at Byrd Spring, under the management of Prof. Newton. Mr. John J. Martin held a school at Richland during those days.

Since the war the private school has largely given way. although some excellent ones have con- tinued up to the present. About 1865 a school was opened by Rev. Cadesman Pope, who was later followed by a Mr. Holloway. In 1868 was started a promising school in the old brick Bap- tist Church, by Mr. A. G. A. Coleman, and his assistant, Miss Mary Cooper, but a year later the principal died. Miss Cooper wielded a consider- able influence in the educational movements of the county.

The most prominent private school since their time is Prof. J. Jordan's academy, at l'ine Bluff, which has been in successful operation for several years as a preparatory school for colleges. The convent school, in connection with St. Joseph's Church (Catholic), has proved a worthy successor of its somewhat ancient ancestor at St. Mary's, near New Gascony.

Most notable among the private enterprises for the education of the colored people after the war were the school of the American Missionary Associ- ation, a recent mission school of the Presbyterian Church, Prof. Prewett's Commercial College, Miss Chinn's school, and the new industrial school movement among prominent citizens of Pine Bluff, headed by Rev. J. M. Lucey, pastor of St. Joseph's Church. The Association school was bought in 1868 by the city, and placed in charge of a most earnest educated man, a Mr. Martin, whose in- fluence in negro education has been very consider- able. The latest movement. by Rev. Lucey, pro- mises to be one of the most advanced efforts so far made in the South, and may prove that industrial education is a greatly needed step in the colored problem.

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

One has but to glance at these figures, giving the number of teachers employed in the State of Arkansas in successive years, to gain a fair idea of the growth of popular education in any part of the State: In 1869 there were 1,335; in 1870, 2,302; in 1871, 2,128; in 1872, 2,035; in 1873, 1,481; in 1874-75, no reports; in 1876, 461; in 1877-78, no reports; in 1879, 1,458; in 1880, 1,872; in 1881, 2,169; in 1882, 2,501; in 1883, 2,462; in 1884, 2,899; in 1885, 3.582; in 1886, 3,691; in 1887, 4,167; in 1888, 4,664. It will readily be seen that the greatest care and activity have been shown in the years of the present decade, and the most firm and permanent improvement in the last few years.

The old school system was not a success, for the common school idea did not become popular until within the last twenty years, and the public school lands were, by the state of public sentiment, al- lowed to amount to almost nothing in the shape of revenue. It was largely the wealthy who could educate, and they hired private tutors to fit their children for foreign colleges and academies; or an occasional professional teacher would open a school to prepare students for higher schools. Education was a luxury which poor whites could not have, and, as for the negro, the idea was not entertained. Education, too, was purely literary, such as it was in many other parts of the country. The practical and industrial phases of it are just beginning to be fully appreciated; the realization gains ground that industrial and practical educa- tion. not the literary alone, is a key to all success- ful permanent progress. None in all the South have been quicker to adopt such progressive ideas and put them in practice than the leaders in the educational movements of Jefferson County.

It was Pine Bluff which led in the vigorous organization of the public school system in 1868, and the county generally soon followed. A tax was levied in 1868, and the election of school directors resulted in the choice of Messrs. R. W. Trimble, W. P. Grace, G. Meyer, S. McAlmont, J. T. J. Havis, and Ira McL. Barton. They be- gan with a fund of about $10,000, and, although the decision of the Supreme Court making the levy

payable in scrip instead of currency made a falling off in funds, the directors arranged to build a school structure that would be an honor to the city. By the fall of 1871 the present fine high school building was finished by Messrs. Bell & Bocage. It is of brick, and three stories, 64x68 feet, with a tower of 88 feet. Its cost was $18,000, which was paid by 1876. At the same time they bought, at a total cost of $3,000, the building of the American Missionary Association for the colored people. Both buildings have since been so well fitted up that there is now abundant room for both white and colored children, who have equal advantages. Miss Ruth McBride, who has had charge of the city schools for some years, has been a great factor in their progress, and the schools have graduated several classes of good grade. The high school, enrolling over 300, with five teachers, and Pine Street school, enrolling over 200, with four teachers, are white schools; while the Normal, enrolling over 160, with three teachers; Merrill school, enrolling over 200, with four teachers; Second Avenue, en- rolling over 180, with three teachers; and Cockrill school, enrolling over eighty, with one teacher, are colored. Annunciation Academy, enrolling over 170, with eight teachers; Prewett's Commercial College, enrolling over seventy, with three teachers; Jordan's Academy, enrolling over fifty, with two teachers; Miss Chinn's school, enrolling over twenty-five, with one teacher, are private white schools, while the colored are Prof. Crump's school, enrolling over forty, with two teachers, and the Presbyterian Academy, enrolling over 140, with three teachers.

The branch Normal school of the State Uni- versity was secured to Pine Bluff largely through the efforts of ex-Senator N. T. White. A tract of twenty acres in the west part of the city was secured, and a fine brick structure, trimmed with Alabama granite, was erected in 1882 at a cost of $10,000. It has four rooms and an assembly hall, and all the appurtenances of a first-class school. It has been from the first in charge of Prof. J. C. Corbin, whose thorough comprehension of the needs of the colored people for teachers, the object for which the institution was founded, has made

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the school one of the first of the kind in the South, and its influence has already been widely felt even during its brief existence. Its final cost was over $42,000.

The schools outside of Pine Bluff are all merely district schools, and have increased from year to year since 1868. The population is so largely colored, that they are principally in the hands and are composed of colored people. . The general ignorance of this race in 1868 has made their growth in school management, although rapid as compared with their own condition, very slow and wasteful as compared with white schools generally. The fact that many school officers can neither read nor write has left the reports of the county in a lamentable condition until very recently, when some improvement has been manifest.

The total enumeration for the year ending June 30, 1885, was 9,154, while there were 11,567 in 1888; the white enumeration in 1885 was 2,127, to 7,027 colored, while in 1888 the white were 2,755, to 8, 782 colored; the white en- rollment (4,346) and the colored (5,609) in 1885 compares enviously with 1,550 white and 5,003 colored in 1888; a total of 9,955 in 1885 to 6,553 in 18SS, which seems difficult to account for, except by carelessness in reporting by district officers; that out of thirty-eight districts in 1885 four voted the five mill tax, and twenty-nine out of thirty-four voted it in 1888, shows a remarkable development in popular interest; in 1885 there were ninety-six teachers reported, of whom sixty- two were males and thirty-four females, while in 1888 there were reported ninety-five teachers, of whom seventy-three were male and only four female, a remarkable change as far as the sex of teachers is concerned; in 1885, the monthly wages ranged from $35 to $60, while in 1888 none were above $47.50; there were thirty one school houses -- one brick and thirty wood-in 1885, to thirty- four in 1888, some of logs; but two grounds were inclosed in 1885, to eleven in 1888; the property, valued in 1885 at $21,597, was increased in 1888 to $32,220; the amount expended in 1885 was but $9,844. 15, while out of receipts which aggregated $47,880.62 in 1888, $32,585.04 was spent, over

three times as much as in the former year. and by far the most of it was paid to teachers; this shows that the grade of teachers is rapidly improving. No institutes have been reported, and improvement in the grading of schools has not been very marked. A very large proportion of the teachers are col- ored. and the fact of the location of the State Colored Normal School in the county has given Jefferson County a prestige and opportunity held by no other colored county in the State.

There are really three religious periods in the history of the county, corresponding to the early French settlements, the slave-holding period and the post bellum period. The first of these was Catholic, and the earliest church in the county in the first years of this century was St. Mary's, on the plantation afterward owned by Judge James Scull. St. Mary's Convent was contemporary with it there, and under the conduct of the Sisters of Charity, became one of the most famous schools of the Southwest, where some ladies of the present leading families were educated. The church was removed to Pine Bluff several years before the war, and will be mentioned farther on.

The ante-bellum period was characterized by white congregations of the Methodist. the Episco- pal, the Catholic, the Presbyterian (O. S.), the Baptist and the Jewish societies. The Catholic had been here first; the Methodists had itinerants here as early as 1819, according to best authority, but not very regularly until about 1830; the Episcopal society came in next in 1838; the Baptists came in probably next, and were well organized by 1854; the Presbyterians became a fixture in 1858, the same year that the Jews began to make efforts to get a footing, although the latter did not organize until 1866.

The post-bellum period is marked by the organ- ization of colored churches, and their marvelous growth. They are confined to the Missionary Baptist, the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church denomina- tions, which sprung up in that chronological order.

The Catholic Church seems to have fallen into the background in the county by 1850, when Rev. Patrick A. McGowan came here, for there was no

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

church at that time in the whole county. In 1851 Father McGowan built St Joseph's Church at Pine Bluff, and in the year following erected one at Plum Bayou. In 1855 and 1856 he built those at New Gascony and Noble Lake, called respectively St. Peter's and St. Paul's. St. Mary's was also rejuvenated. St. Peter's and St. Paul's each numbered about 500 and 200 respectively before the war, but the latter has since disappeared, and St. Peter's has fallen off very much. St. Joseph's has increased greatly, though the whole number in the county is probably not more than at the begin- ning of the war. The figures above include white and colored. St. Joseph's old building was removed and in its place was erected the present fine church and convent in 1867. Among the priests who have succeeded Father McGowan are Fathers Behan. Donovan. Clark, Ryan. Duggin and others. The present pastor. Rev. J. M. Lucey, took charge in 1873. and his progressive ideas have raised the church to an advanced posi- tion. The new industrial school now agitating is due to his initiatory steps.

The Methodist Church had itinerants here as early as 1819, and from the earliest membership this region was, down to 1854, in Arkansas Confer- ence, but in that year Little Rock Conference was organized and has since covered the white mem- bership south of the river. The first "circuit rider " began regularly in the new town of Pine Bluff in 1830. This was Rev. John A. Henly. From that time on the growth was continuous, and in the great separation of 1847 all in Jefferson County were of the Southern branch. The col- ored people attended the white churches, and sometimes had services alone, although there was no organization. These churches increased stead- ily until now there are about fifteen churches in the county, with a membership of not far from 765. These are in various circuits: Pine Bluff circuit has the Main Street and Lake Side churches, with . the county. memberships, respectively, of 300 and 50, and with buildings valued at $20,000 and $5,000, respect- ively; Toledo circuit has Concord and Double Wells churches, with property valued at $1,000,

circuit includes Hawley's Chapel and Salem, with some property and a membership of about fifty; Pastoria circuit has Flat Bayou, Raineyville, Pas- toria and Jones Chapel in it. with some 150 mem- bers and about $5,000 in property; in Redfield circuit are Macon, Goodfaith, Hensley, Redfield and Red Bluff, with about 140 members and $2,000 in buildings. Pine Bluff and Pastoria have par- sonages, the former valued at $2, 500 and the latter at $750. The ministers are Revs. T. H. Ware, Horace Jewell, W. H. Browning, C. B. Brinkley and Josephus Loring, at Pine Bluff; Rev. Wilson, at Macon; Rev. J. F. Shaw, at Grady, and Rev. W. I. Rogers, at Pastoria. At Pine Bluff, Rev. Henly was succeeded, on the circuit including Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Arkansas Post, by Revs. Mahlon Bewley, W. A. Boyce, Fountain Brown and James Essex. About 1837 Rev. Will- iam P. Ratcliffe began, and soon the first church was erected in Pine Bluff, and used until 1857, when another church was built, the one recently standing at the crossing of the "Valley Route" Railway and Main Street; this cost $4,500. Revs. James Custer, R. M. Cole, James Graham, Stephen Carlisle, David Crawford, Mason B. Lowry, Nathan Taylor, Gideon W. Cottingham, and Am- brose M. Barrington covered the time until 1848, when Pine Bluff became a station. Rev. Barring- ton until 1851, Revs. Lewis S. Marshall (1851-52), William T. Anderson (1853-57), James M. Good- win (1858), P. C. Harris (1859), John M. Bradley (1860), Columbus O. Steel (1861), Cadesman Pope (1862-66), James M. Pirtle (1867), W. C. Hearn (1868-70), Henry B. Frazee (1871), Horace Jewell (1872-75), Charles F. Evans (1876-78), W. H. Browning (1879-84), E. M. Pitkin (1885). John F. Carr (1886-88), and Horace Jewell have been the pastors since. The present beautiful brick church recently built is the finest in the city. This is the only denomination of white Methodists in

The Episcopal Church is confined to Pine Bluff. Rev. William Mitchell, M. D., located at this place about 1838, under the direction of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Oatey, but he seems to have made no organi- and a membership of about seventy five; Auburn | zation. During his two years' stay he solemnized

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the romantic marriage of Judge J. W. Bocage and Miss Frances Irene Lindsay, to attend which the gallant judge swam the river. There seems to have been nothing but occasional visiting missionaries down to 1860, of whom were Revs. W. C. Stout and Bishops Oatey, Polk and Freeman. In 1860, when the diocese embraced Arkansas and Indian Territory, the Bishop, Henry C. Clay, D. D, se- cured the services of Rev. Robert W. Trimble for Pine Bluff, and the first services were held in the old brick Baptist Church-since a machine shop on Barraque street. Rev. Trimble organized the church under the name St. John's. As the war opened, about $4,000 was secured for a building, but the rector and many members joined the First Arkansas Regiment, the former as chaplain. He soon returned and reorganized the church, how- ever, and at that time changed the name to Trinity Church. From the battle of Pine Bluff until Sep- tember, 1865, Dr. Trimble lived in Swan Lake, but during the latter month returned and re- organized in a private parlor. Subscriptions were again renewed, both here and in the East, by Dr. Trimble, and soon 84,000 was raised. Although the corner-stone was laid in November, 1866, the beautiful structure was not completed until Christ- mas, 1870, at a total cost of $18,000. After a long and active work, in which he baptized over 800 people, the venerable rector's failing health led to his resignation in August, 1881, and April 17, 1882, he passed away. In 1883 he was suc- ceeded by the present rector, Rev. I. O. Adams. Since that date the membership has increased, and mission services have been opened at Altheimer and New Gascony. There have also been added about $2,000 in improvements to buildings, and a pipe-organ purchased at a cost of $2,200.

The Baptist Church for white people has two branches in the county- the Primitive and the Missionary. Both came in at an early date, but it is not known which was first, probability point- ing, however, to the Primitive, who have but few members, and but one or two congregations each of colored and white. Bethlehem Church is the only white church in the county, about twelve miles west of Pine Bluff. New Hope Association

covers it, and was organized in 1855. The Regu- lar or Missionary Baptists are confined to Pine Bluff, the white branch belonging to the Friend- ship Association, which was organized in 1872. Pine Bluff Church was first organized in about 1854 by members and friends of the society, among the latter of whom Col. W. P. Grace was very active. Their church was scarcely built when it was destroyed by a supposed incendiary fire. In 1857 a brick church was erected on Barraque street, and afterward became a machine shop. The pres- ent frame structure was erected in 1876 on Sixth Avenue, and has recently been improved to the value of $1,000, while a $2,000 parsonage has been attached. Rev. Lee was pastor from 1854 until the outbreak of the war, after which date the church, notwithstanding repeated efforts, remained disorganized until 1876. Rev. L. Quinn assumed pastoral charge the following year, and remained until he was succeeded by Rev. W. W. Tinker, of Kentucky, who continued but a year and left in 1881. Two years later, after supplies had served intermittently, Rev. A. J. Fawcett began a five- year pastorate, and was succeeded at the close by Rev. G. S. Kennard for 1888. Since that date Rev. W. C. Golden has been in charge, and the membership has risen to about 140 persons.

The Presbyterian Church, of what is called in the South the Old School, began with Pine Bluff, and has not secured a footing in the county out- side of that except a colored mission. This church gives the presbytery its name. On May 15, 1858, Rev. John J. Boozer, of South Carolina, formed the society at Pine Bluff, and continued with it as pastor until his death in 1864. No minister was then secured until October, 1866, when Rev. E. McNair, of North Carolina, entered upon his duties. Dr. MeNair was an able man, and at the close of his pastorate, January 1, 1879, Rev. William Dabney succeeded him, but only remained until 1881, on account of failing health. In April of that year Rev. J. A. Dickson, of Millersburg, Ky., was called to this pulpit, and in September assumed its offices, which he has ably filled ever since. The church building is a large frame erected ín 1859-60, and the congregation has increased remarkably,

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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.

reaching above 300. Their choir is one of the best in the city. They have also a colored mission.

The Hebrew Church began the congregation, Anshe Emeth, at Pine Bluff, with the location of Rabbi Aaron Reinach, the same year that the Pres- byterians formed (1858), but no organization was effected until 1866. The few Jews in the city succeeded in building a synagogue during the fol- lowing year, and with the improvements since .made, the edifice, surmounted with oriental min- arets, reaches a total cost of $20,500. The first rabbi regularly employed after the organization was Rev. J. Bloch, who took charge of the congre- gation in 1868, and four years later was succeeded by Rev. M. Fleugel, of Quincy, Ill. Rev. M. Greenblatt, of Shreveport, La., followed him in 1876, and his successors have been Dr. Ruben- stein, and Dr. Baker, the present rabbi. The par- sonage was erected in 1878, and the society, under the successive presidencies of Messrs. D. Asch- affenburg, G. Meyer, Jacob Bloom, Sr., Joseph. Altheimer and Charles Weil, has prospered, and now numbers forty-eight male members. Their choir is one of the best in the State.

The colored churches have sprung up since the war with a rapidity almost tropical in its lux- uriance. The denominations represented are the Missionary Baptists, Primitive Baptists, African Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Episcopal Church, and Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America. The Baptists are offshoots of the white churches, the African is an independently formed body, while the last two were divisions of the Northern and Southern branches of Methodists, respectively. The Methodist divisions were made more recently than the Baptists.

The Missionary Baptist Churches (colored) of the county have sprung up from time to time, ever since the first independent organization in 1869, and even before the war services were held regularly, though unorganized. What was known as McGuire's church, at Pine Bluff, has been in ex- istence since before the war. ' The churches of the county belong to St. Marion Baptist Association, which was organized in 1868, and of which Rev. George Robinson, of Pine Bluff, is an aged and well

known moderator. They have over fifteen churches in the county, with a membership of probably 2,700. The largest churches are St. Paul's, Tay- lor's Chapel. Auburn, Cherry Hill, Hurricane and Lake Side. Their property is estimated at $11,000. The first church organized was St. Paul's, at Pine Bluff, in 1869, now the largest in the county.

The African Methodist Episcopal Churches of the county were first begun at the time that body organized, and are now a part of South Arkansas Conference, which was organized in 1875, and of Pine Bluff district, which embraces twelve circuits, with a membership of over 1,000, and with pro- perty valued at about $15,000. The largest cir- cuits are Swan Lake, Round Lake and Bartholo- mew, while Pine Bluff station is the most extensive.

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Biographical and historical memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring counties, Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the statebiographies of distinguished citizens...[etc.], Part 22

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company) Publication date: 1889 Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co. Number of Pages: 826

Author: Goodspeed, firm, publishers, Chicago. (1886-1891. Goodspeed publishing Company)
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, St. Louis [etc.] The Goodspeed publishing co.
Number of Pages: 826