USA > Idaho > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 2
USA > Montana > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 2
USA > Washington > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 2
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Goddard (F. B.), Where to Emigrate, and Why. New York, 1869.
Gold Hill (Nev.), News.
Goodyear (W. A.), Coal Mines of the Western Coast, etc. San Francisco, 1877.
Grant (W. C.), Description of Vancouver Island, in London Geog. Soc. Jour- nal, xxvii.
Grass Valley (Cal.), Republican; Union ..
Gray (W. H.), History of Oregon. Portland, etc., 1870.
Greenhow (Robt), Hist. of Oregon and California. London, 1844; and Bos- ton (Mass.), 1847.
Grover (Lafayette), Notable Things in Or. History. MS .; Public Life. MS.
Hall (James), Sketches of the West. Cincinnati, 1834; Philadelphia, 1835. Hancock (Samuel), Thirteen Years' Residence on the Northwest Coast. MS. Hanford (Abby J.), Indian Attack on Seattle. MS.
Hansard's Parliamentary Debates. London, 1860.
Harper's Magazine. New York, 1854 et seq.
Harrison (J. M.), Harrison's Guide, etc., of the Pacific Slope. San Fran- cisco, 1872.
Harvey (Mrs Eloise), Life of McLoughlin. MS.
Hayden (F. V.), Geol. Survey. Washington (D. C.), 1873 et seq.
Hays' Scrap-Books. 129 vols.
Hayt (E. A.), in Sec. Inter. Rept, 1878-9.
Healdsburg (Cal.), Russian River Flag; Standard.
Helena (Mont.), Herald; Independent; Post; Republican; Rocky Mtn Ga- zette.
Hesperian. San Francisco, 1858 et seq.
Hill (N. D.), in Wash. Ty Sketches. MS.
xxi
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
Hines (Gustavus), Oregon and its Institutions. New York, 1868; Oregon: Its History, etc. Buffalo (N. Y.), 1851; Voyage Round the World, etc. Buffalo (N. Y.), 1850.
Historical Magazine, etc. Boston (Mass.), 1857 et seq.
Hittell (John S.), Commerce and Industry of the Pac. Coast. San Fran- cisco, 1882; Resources of California. San Francisco, 1874; Scrap-Books; Manufactures; Washington Territory.
Hofen (L.), History of Idaho County. MS.
Honolulu (S. I.), Friend; Polynesian.
Hopkins (C. T.) and Ringot (J.), Ship-building on the Pac. Coast. San Francisco, 1867.
Howard (Jacob M.), Speech in U. S. Senate, April 16, 1869.
Howard (O. O.), in Military Repts Dept Columbia, Sept. 1, 1876.
Howison (N. M.), Report on Coast, Harbors, etc., of Oregon, 1846. Wash- ington, 1848.
Hudson's Bay and Puget Sound Agric. Co.'s Claims. Montreal (Can.), and Washington (D. C.), 1868 et seq. Memorials Presented to the Commis- sioners, April 17, 1865.
Humboldt (Nev.), Times.
Hutchings' California Magazine, 1857 et seq.
Hutton (J. M.), Early Events, etc. MS.
Idaho City (Id.), News; Union; World.
Idaho: General Laws, 1863 4 et seq .; House and Council Journals, 1863-4 et seq .; Scraps; Supt Pub. Instruction Reports, 1865 et seq.
Jackson (Cal.), Amador Ledger.
Jacksonville (Or.), Dem. Times; Sentinel.
Judge (Jas), in Walla Walla Statesman, July 30, 1870.
Kelley (Hall J.), Hist. of the Settlement of Oregon. Springfield (Mass.), 1868. Kenyon (F.), Laws of Idaho Relating to Quartz. San Francisco, IS66.
Kip (Lawrence), Army Life on the Pacific. New York, 1859. Indian Coun- cil in the Valley of the Walla Walla. San Francisco, 1855.
Kirchoff (Theodor), Reisebilder und Skissen aus Amerika. New York, 1875, 1876. 2 vols.
Knapp (H. H.), Statements of Events in Idaho. MS.
Knox (Thos W.), Underground World, etc. Hartford (Conn.), 1878.
Kohl, in Pac. R. R. Reports, xii. Washington (D. C.), 1860.
La Conner (Wash.), Puget Sound Mail.
La Grande (Or.), Mountain Sentinel, in Idaho World.
Langevin (H. L.), Report, 1852. Ottawa (Can.), 1872.
Langley (H. G.), Pacific Coast Directory, 1869 et seq. San Francisco, Larocque, Skagit Mines.
Lawson (Jas S.), Autobiography. MS.
Lee (D.) and Frost (J. H.), Ten Years in Oregon, New York, 1844. Lewis (Phil. H.), Coal Discoveries in Wash. Ty. MS.
Lewis and Clarke's Travels to the Source of the Missouri River, etc. Lon- don, 1814.
Lewiston (Id.), Golden Age; Journal; Northerner; Radiator; Signal. London Times, Jan. 12, 1861.
Lord (Jno. K.), Naturalist iu Vancouver's Island, etc. London, 1866. Los Angeles (Cal.), Herald; Republican; Star.
Louisville (Ky), Courier-Journal, in Boisé Statesman, Jan. 8, 1876.
Ludlow (F. H.), Heart of the Continent. New York, 1870.
Ludlow (Wm), Rept of a Reconnoissance, etc., 1875. Washington, 1876.
Macfarlane (Jas), Coal Regions of America. New York, 1873. Maize (H. B.), Early Events. MS.
xxii
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
Mariposa (Cal.), Gazette.
Marshall (F. W. M.), Christian Missions, etc. New York, 1864. 2 vols. Martin (R. M.), Hudson's Bay Territories, etc. London, 1849.
Marysville (Cal.), Appeal.
Mayne (R. C.), Four Years in Br. Col. London, 1862.
McCabe (Jas D. Jr.), Comprehensive View of Our Country, etc. Philadel- phia, etc., 1876.
McClure (A. K.), Three Thousand Miles through the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia, 1869.
McConnell (W. J.), Idaho Inferno. MS.
McCormick (S. J.), Almanac for Wash., Oregon, etc. Portland (Or.), 1854 et seq .; Portland Directory, 1863 et seq. Portland (Or.).
McCracken (Jno.), Early Steamboating. MS.
Mckay (Jas Wm), Recollections of Hudson's Bay Co. MS.
Meagher (Thos F.), in Harper's Magazine, Oct. 1867; in Hays' Scraps, Min- ing, iii., 25-6.
Meeker (E.), Washington Territory, etc. Olympia, 1870.
Mercer (A. S.), Washington Territory, etc. Utica (N. Y.), 1865.
Mercer (Thos), in Bell's Settlement of Seattle. MS .; in Wash. Ty Sketches. MS.
Meteorological Register, U. S. Army, 1843-54. Washington (D. C.), 1855. Methodist Episc. Church Ann. Conferences, 1856 et seq. San Francisco. Miller (Joaquiu), in Walla Walla (Wash.) Statesman, Dec. 11, 1880.
Miner (The), San Francisco, 1866 et seq.
Missoula (Mont.), Missoulian; Pioneer.
Modesto (Cal.), News.
Montana: Hist. Soc. Contributions, Helena, 1876 et seq .; Scraps.
Montana Pub. Doc .: Auditor's Reports, 1866 et seq .; Council Journals, 1864
et seq .; House Journals, 1864 et seq .; Laws, 1864 et seq .; Proclamation of Gov. Potts, 1877; Reports of Gov. to Sec. of Interior, 1866 et seq. Monteith (Jno. B.), in Rept Sec. Interior, 1877-8.
Monterey (Cal.), Democrat.
Morris (Wm G.), Address before Soc. Cal. Volunteers, April 25, 1866. San Francisco.
Morse (Eldridge), Notes of Hist. and Res. of Wash. Territory. 24 vols. MS. Morse (Jed.), Rept to Sec. of War on Indian Affairs. New Haven (Conn.), 1822.
Moseley (H. N.), Oregon: Its Resources. London, 1878.
Mullan (John), Miners' and Travellers' Guide, etc. New York, 1865; Rept on the Construc, of a Military Road, etc. Washington, 1868; in Walla Walla (Wash.) Statesman, June 6, 1863.
Murphy and Harned, Puget Sound Business Directory, 1872.
Napa (Cal.), Register.
National Almanac, 1863 et seq. Philadelphia, etc.
Neil (Gov. J. B.), Message to Idaho Legislative Assembly, in Silver City (Id.) Owyhee Avalanche, Dec. 18 1880; Message, 1882; Reports to Sec. of Interior, 1880, 1882.
Newberry (J. S.), Report in Pac. R. R. Reports, vi.
New Tacoma (Wash.), Tacoma Herald; Ledger; North Pac. Coast.
New York Tribune, iu Helena (Mont.) Gazette, Sept. 6, 1873.
Nichols (Rowena), Indian Affairs. MS.
Nidever (Geo.), Life and Adventures. MS.
Niles' National Register. Baltimore and Philadelphia, 1811 et seq.
Northern Pac. R. R. Settlers' Guide. n.pl., 1872.
Oats (J. W.), in The Californian, Feb. 1880.
Olympia Club Conversations. MS.
Olympia (Wash.), Columbian; Echo; Overland Press; Pacific Tribune; Pio- neer; Pioneer and Democrat; Puget Sound Courier; Territorial Repub- lican; Transcript; Washington Standard.
xxiii
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
O'Meara (Jas), in Idaho World, Oct. 2, 1867.
Oregon Archives. MS.
Oregon City, Enterprise; Oregon Spectator.
Oregon Pub. Doc. as follows: Adj .- Genl Report, 1866; Jour. Council, 1852-3, I853-4; Jour. House, 1865; Jour. Senate, 1860, app.
Oregon and Washington Scraps.
Oregon and Washington; Statement of Delegation in Regard to War Claims. n. impt.
Overland Monthly, in Boisé Statesman, Sept. 10, 1870.
Overland Press, in Portland Wy. Oregonian, April 30, 1864.
Owens (Geo.), Directory; East of Cascade Mountains. San Francisco, 1865. Oxford, Idaho Enterprise.
Palmer (Joel), Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains, etc. Cincin- nati, 1852.
Parker (J. G.), Puget Sound. MS.
Peirce (H. M.), Memoranda. MS.
Pengra (B. J.), Report of Recent Surveys, etc. Eugene City (Or.), 1865.
Pettygrove (F. W.), Oregon in 1842. MS.
Phelps (T. S.), Reminiscences of Seattle. Philadelphia, 1881.
Plummer (A. A.), in Wash. Ty Sketches. MS.
Pomeroy (Wash.), Independent.
Portland (Or.), Advertiser; in Sac. Union, Nov. 23, 1860; Bee; Bulletin; Columbia Evng Telegram; Herald; New Northwest; Oregon Deutche Zeitung; Oregonian; Pac. Christ. Advocate; Standard; West Shore. Portland (Or.), Board of Trade Report, 1877. Port Townsend (Wash.), Argus; Democ. Press; Message; Northwest; Register. Price (Henry A.), in Niles' National Register, Ixiii., 242-3.
Quigley (Hugh), Irish Race in California, etc. San Francisco, 1878.
Rabbison (A. B.), Growth of Towns. MS.
Rawlings (Thos), Confederation of the Br. N. Amer. Confederation. Lon- don, 1865.
Raymond (R. W.), Mining Industry of the States, etc. New York, 1874; Statistics of Mines, etc. Washington, 1873; in H. Ex. Doc., 210, 42d Cong. 3d Sess .; H. Ex. Doc., 141, 43d Cong. Ist Sess .; H. Ex. Doc., 177, 43d Cong. 2d Sess .; H. Ex. Doc., 159, 44th Cong. Ist Sess. Red Bluff (Cal.), Independent; Sentinel.
Redwood (Cal.), Gazette.
Remy (Jules) and Brenchley (Julius), Journey to Great Salt Lake City. London, 1861.
Reno (Nev.), Gazette.
Renton (Wash.), Coal Company. San Francisco, 1874.
Riblett (Frank), Snake River Region. MS.
Richmond (Ind.), Herald, in Silver City Owyhee Avalanche, Dec. 9, IS71. Richardson (A. D.), Beyond the Mississippi. Hartford (Conn.), 1867. Roberts (Geo. B.), Recollections. MS.
Roder (Henry), Bellingham Bay. MS.
Roseburg (Or.), Independent; Plaindealer.
Rossi (l'Abbie), Souvenirs d'un Voyage en Oregon et en Californie. Paris, 1864.
Ruby City (Id.), Owyhee Avalanche.
Rusling (Jas F.), Across America. New York, 1874.
Russell (Florence), Child Life in Oregon. Boston (Mass.), n. d.
Sacramento (Cal.), Bee; Record-Union; Union. Saint-Amant (M. de), Voyages en Californie et dans l'Orégon. Paris, 1854. St Louis (Mo.), Democrat, in S. F. Bulletin, July 28, 1871; Times-Journal, March II, 1879.
xxiv
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
St Paul (Minn.), Pioneer, in Helena (Mont.) Independent, June 13, 1878. Salem (Or.), Mercury; Oregon Argus; Statesman; Unionist; Willamette Farmer.
Salinas (Cal.), City Index.
Salomon (Gov. E. S.), Message to Wash. Legis. Assembly, 1871.
Salt Lake City, Deseret News; Herald; Telegraph; Tribune; Union Vedette. San Buenaventura (Cal.), Free Press.
San Diego (Cal.), Union.
San Francisco newspapers as follows: Abend Post; Advocate; Alta Califor- nia; Bulletin; Cal. Christ. Advocate; Call; Chronicle; Comml Herald and Market Rev .; Comml Review; Courrier de San Francisco; Elevator; Evening Picayune; Examiner; Golden Era; Herald; Journal of Com- merce; Mining Review; Mining and Scientific Press; Monitor; Pacific News; Pacific Rural Press; Post; Stock Report; The Pacific; Times; True Californian; Visitor.
Saxton (Chas), in Niles' National Register, Ixix., 242.
Sayward (W. T.), Pioneer Reminiscences. MS.
Scenes in the Rocky Mountains. Philadelphia, 1846.
Schultz (Mrs T.), Early Anecdotes. MS.
Seattle (Wash.), Intelligencer; Post; Puget Sound Dispatch; Puget Sound Gazette; Puget Sound Semi-weekly; Tribune; Washington Gazette. Shasta (Cal.), Courier.
Shoup (G. L.), Idaho Territory. MS.
Shuck (O. T.), Representative and Leading Men, etc. San Francisco, 1870, 1875.
Silliman (Benj.), Amer. Journal of Science and Arts. New Haven (Conn.), 1819 et seq.
Silver City (Id.), Owyhee Avalanche.
Simmons (M. T.), in H. B. Co. Evidence in H. B. Co. Claims; in Ind. Affairs Report, 1857, 1858.
Simpson (Sir G.), Narrative of a Journey Round the World. London, 1847. 2 vols .; in Rept Hudson's Bay Co., July, Aug., 1857.
Siskiyou County (Cal.), Affairs. MS.
Smyth (John H.), Law of Homestead, etc. San Francisco, 1875.
Snohomish (Wash.), Northern Star.
Solano (Cal.), Suisun Herald.
Sonith (Sec. R. G.), in Rept Hudson's Bay Co., July, Ang., 1857.
Spalding (H. H.), in Van Tramp (J. C.), Prairie and Rocky Mtn Adventures, etc. St Louis (Mo.), 1860.
Spence (Thos), Settler's Guide in the U. S., etc., 1862.
Spirit of Missions. New York, 1868.
Spokane Falls (Wash.), Spokane Times.
Star (F. R.), Idaho. MS.
Steele (Alden H.), With the Rifle Regiment. MS.
Steele (Fred.), in Gen. Orders Hdqrs Dept Columbia, Nov. 1, 1867.
Steilacoom (Wash.), Puget Sound Express; Herald.
Stevens (I. I.), Address on the Northwest. N. Y., Dec. 2, 1858; Washing- ton, 1858; in Ind. Affairs Report, 1854; Letter to R. R. Convention, etc., Washington (D. C.), 1860; Message to Wash. Legis. Assembly, 1856-7, in H. Jour., app., i .- xxiii .; Narrative, in Pac. R. R. Reports, xii .; Proc. declaring Pierce Co. under Martial Law, in Wash. H. Jour., 1856-7, app., xxxix .; Remarks on War Expenses of Wash. and Oregon, etc., Washington (D. C.), 1860.
Stockton (Cal.), Independent.
Strahorn (Robt E.), Resources and Attrac. of Idaho, etc. Boisé City (Id.), 1881; To the Rockies, etc. Chicago, 1881.
Strong (Wm), Hist. of Oregon. MS.
Stuart (Mrs A. H. H.), Rept of Board of Immigration to Wash. Legis. As- sembly. Olympia (Wash.), 1877; Wash. Territory; Information Con- cerning, etc., its Soil, etc. Olympia, 1875.
XXV
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED,
Stuart (Granville), Montana as It is. New York, 1865. In Montana Hist, Soc. Proceedings, i. n. impt.
Susanville (Cal.), Lasseu Co. Advocate.
Sutherland (Thos A.), Howard's Campaign against Nez Perce Indians, 1877. Portland, 1878.
Swan (Jas G.), in Boston (Mass.) Ev. Transcript, May 25, 1857; Northwest Coast, etc. New York, 1857; Scrap-Books. 2 vols; Wash. Sketches. MS.
Swan (J. M.), Colonizations. MS.
Sylvester (Edward), Founding of Olympia. MS.
Symons (T. W.), in S. Ex. Doc. 186, 47th Cong. Ist Sess.
Tacoma (Wash.), Pac. Tribune.
The Dalles (Or.), Dalles Inland Empire; Mountaineer.
The Mining Industry. Denver (Colo.), 1881.
Thompson (A. W.), Law of the Farm. San Francisco, 1876.
Thornton (J. Q.), Or. and California in 1848. New York, 1849; Oregon History. MS.
Tod (John), New Caledonia. MS.
Tolmie (Wm F.), Journal, 1833. MS .; Puget Sound and N. W. Coast. MS.
Townsend (Jno. K.), Narrative of a Journey, etc. Philadelphia, 1839.
Tribune Almanac. New York, 1838 et seq.
Tucker (Eph. W.), Hist. of Oregon. Buffalo (N. Y.), 1844.
Tuscarora (Nev.), Times-Review.
Twiss (Travers), Oregon Question. London, 1846.
Umatilla (Or.), Advertiser; Columbia Press.
U. S. Pub. Doc. as follows: Acts and Resolutions, 1853-4 et seq .; Bureau of Statis. Reports, 1854 et seq .; Census, 1850 et seq .; Commerce and Nav. Reports, 1857 et seq .; Commercial Relations, Reports, 1858 et seq .; Commissioner's Reports: Agriculture, 1855 et seq .; Education, 1854 et seq .; Indian Affairs, 1854 et seq .; Internal Revenue, 1863 et seq .; Lands, 1855 et seq .; Director of Mint Reports, 1863 et seq .; Congress. Direc., 1853-4 et seq .; House Journals, 1853-4 et seq .; H. Com. Repts, 376, 35th Cong. Ist Sess .; no. 630, 43d Cong. Ist Sess .; no. 1505, 46th Cong. 2d Sess .; Ex. Doc., 93, 35th Cong. Ist Sess .; no. 1, 42d Cong. 3d Sess .; Life Saving Service Reports, 1880 et seq .; Messages and Docs., 1853-4 et seq .; Official Registers, 1853 et seq .; Postmaster-Genl Re- ports, 1853 et seq .; Quartermaster-Genl Reports, 1849 et seq .; Reply of U. S. to Hudson's Bay Co.'s Claims, Washington, 1872; Sec. Interior Reports, 1854 et seq .; Sec. Treasury Reports, 1854 et seq .; Sec. War Reports, 1849 et seq .; Senate Journals, 1853-4 et seq .; S. Com. Reports, 47, 4Ist Cong. 2d Sess .; S. Ex. Doc., 16, 33d Cong. 2d Sess .; no. 5, 34th Cong. 3d. Sess .; S. Misc. Doc., 266, 35th Cong. Ist Sess .; Surgeon-Gen] Circular no. 8, 1875; Surveyor-Genl Reports, 1854 et seq .; U. S. Evi- dence, in Hudson's Bay Co.'s Claims, Washington, 1872. Utah, Hand-Book of Reference, etc. S. L. City, 1884.
Vallejo (Cal.), Chronicle.
Vancouver (Wash.), Chronicle; Clarke County Register; Independent. Van Tramp (Jno. C.), Prairie and Rocky Mtn Adventures. St Louis (Mo.), 1860.
Viagero Universal. Madrid, 1796-1801. 43 vols.
Victor (Mrs F. F.), All over Oregon and Washington. San Francisco, 1872; River of the West. Hartford (Conn.), 1870.
Victoria (V. I.), British Colonist; Colonist and Chronicle; Victoria Gazette. Virginia City (Mont.), Capital Times; Madisonian; Montana Democrat; Mon- tana Post; Virginia and Helena Post.
Virginia City (Nev.), Evng Chronicle; Union.
xxvi
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
Waddington (Alfred), Fraser Mines Vindicated. Victoria (V. I.), 1858; Overland Route through Br. N. America. London, 1868.
Waitsburgh ( Wash.), Times.
Walla Walla (Wash.), Spirit of the West; Statesman; Union; Washington Democrat; Watchman.
Washington (D. C.), Chronicle, in Virginia and Helena (Mont.) Post, Oct. 15, 1866.
Washington: Scraps; Sketches. MS.
Washington Territory: Correspondence Relating to Indian Hostilities, in S. Ex. Doc. 66, 34th Cong. Ist Sess .; Settler's Guide. New York, n. d .; New York, 1878; True Exhibit of in 1880. New Tacoma (Wash.), 1880; Women's Christ. Tem, Union.
Washington Territory Pub. Doc. as follows: Board of Immigr. Circular, March 1, 1878; Council Journal, 1854 et seq .; Governor's Messages, 1854 et seq .; House Journal, 1854 et seq .; Opinions of Supreme Court, 1854-64; Revenue Law, 1869; Road Laws, 1877; School Law, 1877, Statutes, 1854 et seq .; Territorial Official Reports; Adjutant-Genl, 1854 et seq .; Comptroller. 1854 et seq .; Governor to Sec. of Interior; 1855 et seq .; Librarian, 1855 et seq .; Supt Pub. Instruction, 1873 et seq .; Surveyor-Geul, 1854 et seq.
Weed (Chas E.), Queen Charlotte Island Expedition. MS.
Whatcom (Wash. ), Bellingham Bay Mail.
Wheeler (Geo. M.), U. S. Geolog. Surveys West of the One Hundreth Me- ridian. Washington (D. C.), 1873 et seq.
White (Elijah), Concise View of Or. Territory. Washington, 1846; Ten Years in Oregon. Ithaca (N. Y.), 1850.
White (Z. L.), in Hayden (F. V.), Great West. Bloomington (Ill.), 1880.
Whitney (J. D.), Notice of the Mtn Heights in the U. S. San Francisco, 1862.
Whitworth (Geo. F.), Statement. MS.
Wilkes (Chas), U. S. Explor. Expedition, 1838-42. Philadelphia, 1844 et seq. 25 vols.
Wilkeson (Saml), Wilkeson's Notes on Puget Sound. n. impt.
Williams (Henry T.), Pacific Tourist. New York, 1876.
Winnemucca (Nev.), Silver State.
Wiuser (H. J.), Great Northwest, etc. New York, 1883.
Wislizenus (F. A.), Ausflug Nach den Felsen-Gebirgen im Jahre 1839. St Louis (Mo.), 1840.
Wolfe (J. M.), Mercantile Guide. Omaha (Neb.), 1878.
Wood (C. E. S.), in Century Mag., May 1884.
Wood Bros., Live Stock Movement, 1880-4. n. impt.
Wood (H. Clay), Young Joseph and Nez Perce Indians. Portland (Or.), 1876. Woodland (Cal.), Democrat.
Wyoming Iudians and Settlers. MS.
Yakima (Wash.), Wy. Record; Signal.
Yale (C. G.), in Burchard's Prod. of Prec. Metals, 1880. Washington (D. C.), 1881.
Yankton (Dak.), Press-Dacotaian.
Yesler (H. L.), Settlement of Wash. Territory. MS.
Yreka (Cal.), Wy. Journal, Dec. 4, 1861; Union.
Zabriskie (Jas C.), Pub. Land Laws of the U. S. San Francisco, 1870.
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON.
CHAPTER I.
THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS. I845-1853.
ATTITUDE OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY-MICHAEL T. SIMMONS AND ASSOCIATES PROCEED NORTHWARD SETTLE AT BUDD INLET-PUGET SOUND-HIGHLANDS-TUMWATER-BUSH PRAIRIE-CHAMBERS PRAIRIE -NEAH BAY-MARRIAGES AND BIRTHS-THE INDIANS PRONOUNCE AGAINST THE WHITE MAN-EFFECT OF CALIFORNIA GOLD DISCOVERY -THE TIMBER TRADE-TOWNS LAID OUT-WHIDBEY ISLAND SETTLED- OCCUPATION OF THE COAST COUNTRY.
DOCTOR JOHN McLOUGHLIN, autocrat of Fort Van- couver, at the instigation of the London managers of the Hudson's Bay Company, but contrary to his own judgment, exercised his influence to induce the incoming citizens of the United States not to locate themselves north of the Columbia River, as in the partition presently to be made all that region would probably be British territory. To the average Amer- ican emigrant of that day the simple fact that a Britisher should wish him not to settle in any certain part of the undivided territory was of itself sufficient incentive for him to select that spot, provided it was not much worse than any other. There must be some special attraction in the direction of Puget Sound, else the fur company would not so strongly advise people not to go there.
So thought Michael T. Simmons, a stanch Ken- HIST. WASH .- 1
2
THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS.
tuckian, whom the reader has met before, in the history of Oregon, he being of the immigration of 1844, and spending the ensuing winter with his family at Fort Vancouver, where he made shingles to pay expenses, his wife meanwhile improving the time by giving birth to a son, named Christopher, the first American born in western Washington.
Simmons was a fine specimen of a man, and a good representative of the class that went into Washington about this time, determined to remain there, particu- larly if England's majesty ordered them out. Just past thirty, having been born at Sheppardsville the 5th of August, 1814, possessing the grand physique of the early men of Kentucky, unlettered though not unenlightened, he possessed the qualities which in feudal times made men chiefs and founders of families. His courage was equalled only by his independence; he could not comprehend the idea of a superior, having come from a land wherein all were kings though they ruled only a pigsty or a potato-patch.
He had intended to settle in the valley of Rogue River before so much had been said against his going north, but this determined him. During the winter of 1844-5, with five companions,1 he proceeded north- ward, but only reached the fork of the Cowlitz, whence he returned to Fort Vancouver. Again he set out the following July with eight others,2 and guided beyond Cowlitz prairie by Peter Borcier, who had performed the same service for Wilkes in 1841, he not only reached the Sound, but made a canoe voyage as far as Whidbey Island, satisfying himself of the commercial advantages of this region. Then he made his selection at the head of Budd Inlet, where Des Chutes River drops by successive falls a distance of eighty feet, constituting a fine mill-power. The place had the further advantage of being at no
1 Henry Williamson, James Loomis, and Henry, James, and John Owens, none of whom finally settled north of the Columbia.
2 George Waunch, David Crawford, Charles Eaton, Niniwon Everman, Seyburn Thornton, William Shaw, David Parker, and John Hunt.
3
SIMMONS THE PIONEER.
great distance from Fort Nisqually, the only supply post in this part of the territory, with the French settlements to the south of it on the Cowlitz prairie constituting a link with the Columbia River and Willamette settlements. The selection for the pur- poses of a new community in a new country was a good one, and was prompted by a desire somewhat similar to that of the methodist missionaries to get pos- session of Oregon City, on account of the water-power.
Having chosen his site, he returned to the Colum- bia to remove his family, which he did in October, accompanied by James McAllister, David Kindred, Gabriel Jones, George W. Bush, and their wives and children, five families in all, and two single men, Jesse Ferguson and Samuel B. Crockett, these seven men being the first Americans3 to settle in the region of Puget Sound,4 although John R. Jackson, of the same immigration, had been a little beforehand with them in point of time, and selected a elaim five miles north of the French settlements, and ten miles be- youd the Cowlitz landing, on a small tributary of that river, near the trail to the Chehalis," which site he called Highlands, and where he had already erected a house."
3 I purposely leave out Richmond, who was not a 'settler,' and who aban- doncd the mission. Ferguson married Margaret Rutledge May 29, 1853. Olympia Columbian, June 4, 1853.
Every part of the great Washington Inlet was now coming to be called Puget Sound. It so appears in the writings of almost all authors, besides being always referred to in conversation by that name. Admiralty Inlet was found too long a name, and the first settlements of both English and Americans were upon that portion called after Puget, which tended to estab- lish its use, for in passing up and down these waters it was not easy to dis- cern where one division ended and another began. Says Eugene Ellicot, of the U. S. coast survey, who has been in that service since 1864: 'Vancouver named the head of the sound above Dana's passage Puget Sound. Twenty years ago the designation had extended itself in popular use as far as Point Defiance (at the foot of The Narrows). Now it is applied to the whole sound as far as Bellingham Bay. Instead of Admiralty Inlet, the U. S. chart now calls it Pnget Sound. Ellicot's Puget Sound, MS., i. Indeed, how- ever it happened, it is not correct to call these waters, in some places wellnigh fathomless, by the name of sound, which implies shallowness, but there is no withstanding custom and convenience.
5 Sometimes called Chickeeles. See Native Races, i. 303.
6 Jackson, I am told, intended going to the Sound, and as early as March set out with the design of taking up the water-power at the falls of Des Chutes,
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