History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889, Part 84

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Victor, Frances Fuller, 1826-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: San Francisco : History Co.
Number of Pages: 880

USA > Idaho > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 84
USA > Montana > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 84
USA > Washington > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 84

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Silver Bow county, cut off from Deer Lodge in 1881, had a small area, but a population of 14,000, and is richer, in proportion to its size, ha any county in Montana, its assessed valuation in ISS4 being $7,240,000. It vas first set- tled in June 1864 by placer miners. Ten years of digging and washing ex- hausted the deposits, or so nearly that only 300 inhabitants remained. Quart- mining was begun in 1875. The county contained in 1885 19 mills, concen- trato s, and furnaces, which give employment to 3,000 miners.

Butte, the county seat, was the second town in Montana. It had an altitude of 5,800 feet, and is the center of one of the richest silver and copper districts in the world. Population in 1885 10,000, with 3 banks, the eldest being that of Clarke & Larabie, the others Hoge, Brownlee & Co., and the First National, their deposits aggregating $3,000,000. It had school property valued at $10,000, supporting a corps of 21 teachers; besides 7 churches, 4 hospitals, 2 fire companies, 2 newspapers, a court-house which cost $150,000, an opera- house costing $50,000, water, gas, and electric-light companies, and the usual number of secret societies. The receipts on freights, incoming and outgoing, were over $6,000,000 per annum, consisting chiefly of outgoing ore. Buxton, Divide, Feely, French gulch, Grace, Gunderson, Lavell, Melrose, Mount Horeb, Norwood, Red Mountain, Walkerville, and Silver Bow are the other settlements in the county.

Choteau county, containing 27,380 square miles, the first inhabited on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, having their summits for its boundary on the west, and the vast, unorganized area of Dawson county on the east, the British possessions on the north, and Lewis and Clarke and Meagher counties on the south, was a grazing country, with a few agricultural valleys of consid- erable extent, the stock-raisers usually cultivating farms also. In 1884 its live-stock was valued at $2,000,000, and 50,000 pounds of wool sent to market. The population of the county was 3,05S.

Fort Benton, the county seat, was the head of navigation on the Missouri, and consequently a place of importance. To this point, for twenty years, came freight worth millions of dollars annually, and from it departed the treasure of the mines. It was also the depot of the fur trade after the origi-

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Helena, then the principal commercial city of the terri- tory, in 1881, and the Northern Pacific reached it from

nal fort or fortifications were abandoned. Before the opening of the North- ern Pacific railroad fifteen steamboats, costing $400,000, were employed carrying freight to and from Benton. These boats were owned by several companies. The Coulson line lost a fine steamer, the Montana, in a storin, July 2, 1879. The Dakota was also damaged. Helena Independent, July 10, 1879. I. G. Baker owned the Red Cloud and Colonel McLeod. St Louis Times- Journal, March 11, 1879. The Power brothers owned the Helena, which was snagged. The Imperial was wrecked in 1867. The Peninah, also, was caught at this spot in 1879. John H. Charles was superintendent of the line to which the Helena belonged. Helena Herald, Oct. 10, 1879. A company was formed in Jan. 1879, called the Missouri River Navigation Company, the object of which was to complete the navigation of the river to a point near Helena, by building boats to run above and below the falls, and a portage around this obstruction. The directors were A. Kleinschmidt, A. M. Holter, A. Sands, J. M. Ryan, Henry Klein, John T. Murphy, T. C. Power, C. Keuck, H. M. Parchen; J. F. Murphy, president, A. Kleinschmidt, vice-president, E. W. Knight, treasurer. The N. P. R. R., it was understood, would aid the enterprise. Congress was asked for appropriations, and did appropriate $25,000 for the improvement of the river below the falls, $20,000 to improve it above the falls, $15,000 to survey the Yellowstone, and $25,000 for its im- provement. Helena Independent, March 13, 1879.

In 1878 they brought 9,500 tons of freight, and carried away, among other things, 60,000 buffalo robes and several hundred thousand dollars' worth of furs. The fur export of Montana, in fifteen years ending in 1878, was valued at $6,000,000. The population of Benton was 1,618 in 1880. The Benton Record was published at this place, having a continued and prosperous growth. The settlements made in Choteau county were Arrow Creek, Bel- knap, Belt Creek, Birch Creek, Blackfoot Agency, Camp Cook, Carroll, Cow Island, Fort Assinaboine, Fort Belknap, Fort Browning, Fort Claggett, Fort Hawley, Fort La Barge, Fort Maginnis, Highwood, Judith, Judith Basin, New Agency, Old Agency, Piegan, Ruter, Sullivau, Twenty-eight Mile Spring.

Beaverhead county, where the first town of eastern Montana was laid off in 1862, contains 4,230 square miles. More than any other part of Montana, it reminds the traveller by its nomenclature of the journey of Lewis and Clarke in 1805, containing Horse Prairie, Willard Creek, Beaverhead Rock, and the pass by which these explorers crossed the Rocky Mountains. It is a mountainous district interspersed with a few fertile valleys, and furnishing excellent stock-ranges on the bench-lands between the valleys and the high ridges. Its population was less than 3,000 in 1880. In 1884, its taxable prop- erty was valued at $4,500,000. The number of farms in the county was small.

Bannack, which was for a short time the capital and the metropolis of Montana, and the county seat of Beaverhead, was later but a small town containing 250 inhabitants. Glendale, the seat of a large mining interest, had in 1885 a population of 678, and Argenta also was a thriving mining town. The county seat was removed to Dillon, which as a business centre ranked next after Helena and Butte. The other settlements made in Beaver- head county were Allerdice, Apex, Barratts, Beaverhead Rock, Burnt Pine, Darling, Dell, Dewey's Flat, Edgerton, Fairview, Glen, Glendale, Grayling, Hecla, Horse Prairie, Hot Spring, Lyon City, Mervenstoe, Montana, Pine Butte, Poindexter, Red Rock, Rock Creek, Ryan, Soap gulch, Spring Hill, Terminus Creek, Trapper, Vipond, Watson, and Willis.

Madison county, rendered forever famous as the district of country con- taining the Alder gulch of world-wide renown, 4,900 square miles in extent, had also a population of not more than 4,000 at the last census. It is a county rich in resources, chiefly mineral, although agricultural to a considerable de- gree. Its chief export was gold, while silver, copper, lead, iron, marble, coal,

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east and west in 1883. The completion of this road was celebrated with imposing ceremonies on Septem-

and other valuable minerals abound. The county owned in 1884 cattle, horses, and sheep valued at $1,860,000, and had 10 saw-mills cutting 1,000,000 feet of lumber yearly, 2 grist-mills making 6,000 sacks of flour annually, be- sides raising 100,000 bushels of grain, 50,000 bushels of root crops and pease, and selling 5,000 beef-cattle.

Virginia City, once the capital of Montana, and the county seat of Madi- son county, had in 1880 a population of about 1,000, and more business than that would seem to indicate. Virginia had telegraphic communication with Salt Lake and the east in 1866. John Creighton was superintendent of the line. It was extended to Helena in 1867. In 1878 the leading bank bought $400,000 worth of gold bars and dust, received deposits which aver- aged $100,000 in bank constantly, and sold $1,400,000 in exchange. The pub- lic buildings at Virginia are handsome and costly. The public school build- ing cost $12,000, the masonic temple $30,000, the court-house $35,000, and others in proportion. There were three churches, catholic, methodist, and episcopal, a weekly newspaper, the Madisonian, and a daily line of coaches connecting it with other business centres. The first masonic organization was at Virginia City in 1863; corner-stone of the temple laid June 24, 1867. Nevada, Montana, and Helena lodges followed, and a grand lodge in January 1866; John J. Hill first grand master, and W. F. Sanders grand secretary. Virginia Montana Post, Aug. 11, 1866.

The early towns and settlements of Madison county were Adobetown, Bagdad, Cicero, Crawford, Daly, Darmitzies, Fish Creek, Gaffney, Home Park, Hot Spring Creek, Iron Rod, Jefferson Bridge, Jefferson Island, Junction, Laurin, Lewis, Lower Silver Star, McCarthy Springs, Meadow Creek, Monida, Monmouth, Muriers, Nevada, Norwegian gulch, Parson's Bridge, Pollinger, Red Bluff, Rising Sun, Rochester, Salisbury, Sheridan, Silver Springs, Sterling, Stone's Precinct, Summit, Twin Bridges, Upper Silver Star, Warm Spring Creek, Washington Bar, and Wisconsin Creek.

Jefferson county, lying north of Madison, and divided from it by the Jeffer- son fork of the Missouri, contained 5,000 square miles and 2,500 inhabitants. It was, after mining, chiefly a dairying county, though there several farming set- tlements sprang up in the valleys of Prickly Pear, Boulder, Crow, Pipestone, and other streams. In 1878, 50,000 lbs of butter and 20,000 Ibs of checse were produced. The farmers raised 50,000 bushels of grain, and there were about 10,000 acres of improved lands. The saw-mills in the county cut about 1,500,000 feet of lumber. The stock of the county consisted of 25,000 range cattle, 2,000 milch cows, 10,000 horses, and 15,000 sheep. The pioneer woollen-mill of Montana was established in Jefferson county, and was coul- pleted in 1878. Strahorn's Montana, 67. The first woollen-mill begun was at Virginia City in 1877. Madisonian, Oct. 27, 1877. The property valuation of the county in 1884 was about $1,000,000. Radersburg, situated in the valley of Crow Creek, near the line of the Northern Pacific railroad, is the county seat, and had 200 inhabitants at the last census. The towns and set- tlements made in Jefferson county are Aurora, Basin, Basin gulch, Beaver Creek, Beaver Creek Camp, Beavertown, Bedford, Boulder City, Boukdler Valley, Cataract, Cheatem, Claggett, Cold Spring, Comet, Comet Mine, Crow Creek City, Eclipse, Gregory, Gregory Mine, Gregoryville, Harrisou, Holter's Saw-mill, Iron Age, Jefferson City, Jefferson Island, Keatingville, Little Boulder, McDaniel Station, Middle Fork Buffalo, Milk Ranch, Mitchell, Mon- tana, O'Neil's Mine, Whitman's gulch, Overland gulch, Parnell, Pipestone, Prickly Pear, Remley, Rocker Mine, Spokane, Springville, St Louis, Warm Springs, Whitehall, Wickes, and Woodville. Iu this county are the Boulder hot springs and Clancy warm springs, both popular resorts.

Lewis and Clarke county, occupying a central position, although com- paratively small in extent, having only 2,900 square miles, was the second in population, its inhabitants numbering about 13,000, and its assessed valuation

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ber 8th at Independence Creek, on the north bank of Deer Lodge River, sixty miles west of Helena, the

being in 1884 over $8,000,000. Its mines have already been spoken of. From 135 farms in Prickly Pear Valley was harvested, in 1878, 25,000 bushels of wheat, 40,000 bushels of oats, 15,000 bushels of barley, or an average of over 500 bushels of grain to every farm. Besides the grain crop, 7,000 tons of hay were harvested, over 300 tons of turnips and cabbages, 40,000 bushels of po- tatoes, and 15,000 bushels of pease. The county grazes 30,000 cattle and 25,000 sheep, the wool clip from 18,000 head being 83,000 pounds. The live- stock in 1884 was valued at $1,000,000.

Helena, the county seat, made a port of entry in 1867, and also the capi- tal of Montana, was in all respects a progressive modern town. With a pop- ulation of 7,000 in 1883, which had increased from 4,000 in 1879, its four national banks had on deposit $3,000,000, and sold a large amount of exchange annually, besides purchasing gold-dust and silver bullion to the amount of abont $2,000,000. The first, or Montana National Bank, was instituted June 24, 1872. James King president, Charles E. Duer cashier, D. S. Wade, W. E. Gillette, William Chumasero, James Fergus, and George Steele directors. There was a board of trade organized in 1877, a U. S. assay office erected in 1875, and a fire department organized in 1869. The occasion of this early creation of a fire department was the occurrence of a fire in Feb. 1869, which destroyed $75,000 worth of property. Helena Fire Company No. 1 organized in April, and elected E. H. Wilson president, A. O'Con- nell vice-president, J. J. Lyon secretary, Lee Watson treasurer, R. S. Price foreman, Henry Klein Ist assistant, and W. F. Stein 2d assistant. Helena Montana Post, April 16, 1869. On the 28th of the same month, and before the department had provided itself with fire-extinguishing apparatus, another greater fire occurred, destroying over $500,000 worth of the business portion of the town. Id., April 30, 1869. In Oct. 1871 a third conflagration destroyed $150,000 worth of property. Helena Gazette, Oct. 3, 1871. In Sept. 1872 another fire consumed $175,000 worth of property. Iu March 1873 a fifth fire was started, it was supposed by incendiaries, which destroyed a large and old mercantile house. Helena Herall, March 20, 1873. A sixth conflagration in Jan. 1874, also the work of an incendiary, consumed $850,000 worth of property. Deer Lodge New Northwest, Jan. 17, 1874. In this fire was con- snmed the archives and library of the Historical Society of Montana, which had been instituted 8 years previous. An appeal was immediately made by the officers to the people to repair as far as possible the loss, which was done. Helena Herald, Dec. 30, 1875, and Jan. 27, 1876.

A historical society was founded in 1864. There were masonic orders and a temple whose corner-stone was laid in 1872, with appropriate ceremonies; odd fellows' societies, with a temple founded in July 1879, on the 60th anniversary of oddfellowship in America; and a library association founded in 1868, by subscriptions, the proceeds of lectures, and other means. The first officers were James King president, C. Hedges vice-president, J. L. Douglas recorder and secretary, Charles W. Fowler corresponding secretary, S. H. Bohen treasurer, J. W. Whitlatch, Wilbur F. Sanders, J. H. King, T. E. Tutt, and William Rumsey board of trustees. The contribution of hooks in the first few weeks of its existence was 744, besides a large number of manuscripts and unbound books. Helena Montana Post, Dec. 11 and 25, 1868. There was a hospital and asylum sustained by the catholic church, a society of the knights of Pythias, a Hebrew benevolent association, excellent graded public schools, a catholic academy for young ladies, opened in Sept. 1872, a classical school, a Rocky Mountain club; one catholic and five protestant churches, German turn-vereins, and musical societies, extensive water-works supplied by pure mountain springs, electric lights and fire-alarms; iron-foundries, wagon-fac- tories, saw, grist, and planing mills, telephonic communication with mining camps 50 miles distant, two excellent daily newspapers, and a general style of comfortable and even elegant living vividly in contrast with the cabins of

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place being named Gold Spike Station, in commemo- ration of the joining of the last rails by a spike of the

its founders twenty years ago. Near Helena are some celebrated hot springs, with ample accommodations for visitors. All the lines of travel centre at Helena. 300 buildings were erccted in 1884, at a cost of over $1,000,000.

The first towns of Lewis and Clarke county were Belmont, Bird Tail, Cañon Creek, Carpenter Mine, Oro Fino gulch, Cartersville, Clark Station, Clarkston, Crown Butte, Dearborn, Eagle Rock, Fergus' Station, Flat Creek, Florence, Florence Springs, Fort Shaw, Georgetown, Gloster, Keller's Ranch, Kennedy's Station, Marysville, Millersville, Mount Pleasant, Mullan, Nelson gulch, Park City, Piegan, Peagan-Power, Rock Creek, Rocky Gap, Silver City, Shafer's Mill, Silver Creek, South Fork, Spring Creek, Square Butte, St Louis gulch, St Peter's Mission, Sun River, Three-Mile Creek, Trinity, Unionville, Virginia Creek, Voight's Mines, Dry gulch, Warner's Ranch, Whippoorwill, Willow Creek, and Wolf Creek.

Gallatin county, containing 10,000 square miles, was divided between the two valleys of the Gallatin and Yellowstone rivers, and the Belt and Snowy ranges of mountains. The three forks of the Missouri met within its bounda- ries, making a remarkable and beautiful combination of river and meadow scenery with bench land and mountains. The basin formed by the Gallatin Valley, from the earliest settlement of eastern Montana, has been a favorite resort for home-seekers with agricultural tastes. From its lesser altitude it is more generally productive than the country to the west, and became more thickly settled, having a population of 3,500 at the census of 1880. It pro- duced 1,000,000 bushels of grain in a season, with other vegetable products in proportion. Farm machinery of the best models was employed. Six flouring-mill converted wheat into flour. The first flour made for market in eastern Montana was in 1866, at the Gallatin Mills of Cover & Mc- Adow of Bozeman. Virginia and Helena Post, Oct. 23, 1866. Like every part of Montana, it was also a good grazing country, and supported large herds upon its native grasses. In 1878 there were 45,000 cattle, 8,000 horses, and 10,000 sheep on the ranges. There were marketed 5,000 cattle, 100,000 pounds of butter and cheese, besides a large amount of wool. The taxable property of the county was valued at $1,386,340 in 1878. The stock alone of Gallatin county in 1882 was valued by the assessor at $1,225,800. In 1884, the assessed valuation of the county was $6,255,910.

Bozeman, the county seat, was founded in July 1864 by J. M. Bozeman, the pioneer of the Bozeman route to the North Platte. It had a fine situation at the foot of the Belt range on the west, and a population in 1884 of 2,500, whose substantial residences attested the prosperity of the inhabitants, and whose water-works were an evidence of their enterprise. Its public-school building was the finest in Montana, costing $18,000, and its churches, library association, court-house, masonic temple, hotels, and other public buildings were all witnesses of the progressive character of the people. The Gallatin Valley Female Seminary, under the charge of L. B. Crittenden of the pres- byterian church, is deserving of mention. Previous to the opening of the Northern Pacific railroad a line of coaches connected it with the capital, and another line with the Utah Northern, via Virginia City. Its nearness to the national park, as well as many other points of scenic interest, renders Boze- man a well-known and popular resort of tourists. The weekly Avant-Courier was the early local journal. The noted Emigrant hot springs, yielding 10,000 barrels of hot water daily, are situated 4 miles from Findlay station. The Apollinaris springs are situated 10 miles from Riverside station, on the branch road to the national park. The other early settlements of Gallatin county were Allny's Ranch, Benson's Landing, Benson's Store, Big Timber, Bottler's Ranch, Bridger Creek, Catfish Hotel, Central Park, Cooke, Cowans, Daw's Store, Dornix, Eagle Nest, East Gallatin, Elliston, Elton, Emigrant, Emi- grant gulch, Fort Ellis, Gallatin City, Gardiner, Hamilton, Havana, Hayden, Hillsdale, Keiser's Creek, Livingston, Madison, Mammoth Hot Springs,

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chief Montana product. The event of the opening of the Northern Pacific was of greater interest than

Meadow Ranch, Melville, Middletown, Mission, Penwells, Reedpoint, Rich- land, Riverside, Salesville, Shields, Shields' River, Springdale, Spring Hill, Sweet Grass, Three Forks, Trout Rapids, Tucker's Post, White Beaver, White Beaver Creek, Willow Creek, Windville, and Yellowstone City.

Custer county occupied in 1884 an area of 25,500 square miles, divided by the Yellowstone River, which is navigable, and watered by numerous large and small tributaries. It formerly included the Crow reservation, a 5,000,000-acre tract, which was surrendered to the government in 1882, and thrown open to settlement in 1883. Several mountain ranges separated the principal valleys and gave diversity to the scenery. It was possessed of a supe- rior soil, and the bench-lands furnish every variety of nutritious native grasses, including blue-grass, wild rye, and wild oats. The lower portion of the Yel- lowstone Valley was favored by a climate where corn, grapes, hops, melons, and fruits of various kinds flourish. Although later settled, it soon ranked as the second agricultural county of Montana. Its taxable property in 1878 was valued at $329,231, with a population of 2,510 in 1880. In 1884 its live- stock alone was assessed at $7,150,000. Miles City, the county seat, situated near the mouth of Tongue River, contained in 1880 a population of 2,500, and was a thriving town. In 1878 there were thirty-five arrivals of steamers with freight for the citizens and Fort Keogh, two miles distant. Public schools, two daily and weekly newspapers, a church, theatre, banks, and large business houses were a proof of its prosperity. The incipient towns of Custer county were Ada, Ainslie, Beeman, Beach, Big Horn, Birney, Brandenburg, Buell, Bull Creek, Canyon, Coal Bank, Coulson, Crow Agency, Custer, Cutler, Danton, Dickson, Etchetah, Etna, Fallon, Faurie Point, Foley, Forsyth, Fort C. F. Smith, Fort Custer, Fort Keogh, Fort Sarpy, Fort Tullock, Graycliffe, Guyville, Greycliffe, Hathaway, Horton, Huntley, Howard, Hyde, Iron Bluff, Kirbyville, Keith, Kendrick, Lignite, Little Missouri, Little Porcupine, Mil- ton, Morgan, Myres, Nolton, Old Fort Alexander, Palisades, Peasefort, Pom- pey's Pillar, Porcupine, Powder River, Rimrock, Riverside, Rosebud, Rouse's Point, Sadie, Sand Creek, Sanders, Savage, Spring Creek, Stoueville, Straders, Sherman, Terry, Lilly, and Young's Point.

The Yellowstone Valley was late in being settled, on account of Indian hostilities. In 1873 Nelson Gage made himself a home below the Old Crow agency, and quite away from any settlements. He erected substantial buildings, surrounding them with palisades, having 2 underground forts flanking his dwelling, and connecting with it by tunnels. He was the pio- neer farmer and stockman of the Yellowstone Valley, according to the Boze- man Courier and Deer Lodge New Northwest, Oct. 22, 1875. The Montana Pioneer Association was not formally organized until 1884, when only 300 pioneers were in attendance.

Yellowstone county, organized out of Gallatin and Custer in 1883, com- prised a part if not all of the former Crow reservation. The county town, Billings, was founded in 1882, and had a rapid growth. It contained 400 buildings in 1883, among which were a brick church of good size, a bank building, several wholesale merchandise establishments, three hotels, a com- modious school-house, the round-house and shops of the Northern Pacific rail- road, at the terminus of the Yellowstone division, and three newspapers, one a daily. This phenomenal growth, seldom seen except in mining towns, might have quickly disappeared were it not that the country surrounding Billings was of the greatest fertility, with an irrigating ditch nearly forty miles in length, which supplied water to 100,000 acres in the Clarke fork bottoms; be- sides which the mining districts of Clarke fork, Barker, and Maginnes were tributary. Coal mines also existed in the immediate neighborhood of Billings, distant thirty miles. The whole country within a radius of 100 miles was tributary to this little metropolis. It was one of the two principal shipping poiuts for cattle sold to eastern dealers. In the autumn of 1882, 16,000 head

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simply a commercial one, because it carried out the

were loaded on cars to be taken to Chicago, in 1883, 20,000, and in 1884 nearly 35,000. There was abundant water-power in the Yellowstone to supply un- limited manufactories. A wool market was early established, and in May 1883 a shipment was made of 60,000 pounds of silver bullion from the Barker district. The early towns and settlements of Yellowstone county were few, owing to its occupation by the Crows. They were Carlton, Huntley, Junc- tion, Merrill, Park City, Rapids, and Stillwater.

Meagher county extended from the Missouri River on the west to the Musselshell River on the east, and was sandwiched between Gallatin and Choteau counties. It contained 20,000 square miles, embracing mountain ranges clothed in forest, and veined with mineral deposits, high grazing lands, and low agricultural lands. The valleys of the Judith, Musselshell, Smith, and Missouri rivers aggregated 2,000 square miles. The population of the county in 1880 was 2,743. In 1884 its live-stock was valued at 87,000,000; $750,000 being in horses. The mines of Meagher county by 1886 produced over $10,000,000 in gold from the gulches, while the deposits of silver, lead, copper, gold, and coal waited longer the open-sesame of capital. Mineral springs of great medicinal virtues were found in this county, the chief of which was the white sulphur group on the north fork of Smith River.

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History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889, Part 84

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Victor, Frances Fuller, 1826-1902 Publication date: 1890 Publisher: San Francisco : History Co. Number of Pages: 880

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Victor, Frances Fuller, 1826-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: San Francisco : History Co.
Number of Pages: 880