USA > Idaho > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 42
USA > Montana > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 42
USA > Washington > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 42
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371
WALLA WALLA AND DAYTON.
The principal town of eastern Washington in 1SS7 was Walla Walla. From its first settlement it was the business centre for the region east of the Cascades, whence radiated routes to the mines, and later to all the other points in that division of the country. The place was laid out on the land claim of A. J. Cain, and first called Steptoe City, after Col Steptoe, in com- mand of Fort Walla Walla, but was incorporated as Walla Walla City by an act of the legislature passed Jan. 11, 1862. Cain, who was born in Ind., came to Washington as one of Stevens' secretaries, and was afterward Indian agent. He practised law at Walla Walla, and was prosecuting attorney for the dis- trict. He was connected with several newspapers, and started the Umatilla Press, the Walla Walla Real Estate Gazette, and Dayton News, the latter in 1874. He died, aged about 50 years, in July 1879. Walla Walla Union, July 12, 1879; Waitsburg Times, July 10, 1879; Columbia Chronicle, July 12, 1879. The officers appointed by the legislature to hold until the first election were B. P. Standerfer mayor, James Gailbreth recorder, H. C. Coulson, B. F. Whitman, D. S. Baker, and Schwabacker members of the council, George H. Porter marshal. Wash. Stat., 1861-2, 16-24. As Walla Walla was a distrib- uting point for the mines from 1860, its early history was marked by scenes of disorder. Walla Walla county had few towns. Wallula, founded on the site of the Fort Walla Walla of the H. B. Co., was laid off by J. M. Van Sykle, who kept a ferry at that place in mining times. It became the land- ing of the O. S. N. Co.'s boats. Whitman, or Frenchtown as it is sometimes called, was a settlement formed near the Waiilatpu mission by the catholic, French, and half-caste population, between 1847 and 1855, situated on the Walla Walla and Wallula railroad a few miles west of Walla Walla City.
Van Sykle was a native of Ohio who came to Cal. in early mining times, and was employed as express agent. From Stockton he went to Portland, and served in the same capacity there until he went to Wallula. He engaged in general business at that place, where he remained from 1859 to 1861, when he removed to Walla Walla. He represented his district in the legislature as councilman for one term, and was a writer of good abilities. He died March 4, 1875. Walla Walla Union, March 6, 1875; Walla Walla Spirit of the West, March 5, 1875.
Dayton, now the county seat of Columbia, was founded by S. M. Wait, the former proprietor of Waitsburg, some time between 1870 and 1875, when the new county was set off. It had the only woollen factory in Washington. Beside Colfax, the county seat, there were in 1887 in Whitman co. Grange City, Texas Landing, Panawawa, Almota on Snake River, Leitchville, Owens- burg, Ewartsville, Union Flat, Palouse, Lincoln, Cedar Creek, Steptoe, Wal- ton, and Rosalia. Spokane Falls became the county seat of Spokane county by reason of its great water-power and prospective importance. There were also in Spokane co. Deep Creek Falls, Fair View, Larene, Marshall, Miles, Plaza, Rock Creek, Rockford, Sedalia, Spangle, Sprague, Crab Creek, Four Lakes, and Pine Grove. Colville, not the H. B. Co.'s fort at Kettle Falls, nor the United States post at a few miles distance east of that spot, formerly called Pinkney City, but a little town near by the latter-all having the same appellation-was chosen the county seat of Stevens co. A settlement was formed at Walker's prairie, the place of the former presbyterian mission. Goldendale in Klikitat county was the seat of justice, besides which there were in this co. Klikitat City and Columbus. Yakima City was made the co. seat of Yakima co. The Kittitass and Ahtanam and upper Yakima val- leys contained several settlements in 1SS7, among which were Pleasant Grove, Kittitass, Namun, and Ellenburg. Half a dozen small quartz-mills were in operation in the Fehastin district, seventeen miles from Ellenburg, in 1878.
Seven new counties were created by the Washington legislature of 1SS3: Skagit, cut from Whatcom, with Mount Vernon as co. seat; Assotin, cut from Garfield, with Assotin City as co. seat; Lincoln, cut from Spokane, with Davenport as co. seat; Douglas, also cut from Spokane, with Okanagan as co. seat; Kittitass, cut from Yakima; Franklin from Whitman, and Adams from Whitman. S. F. Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1883; S. F. Bulletin, Dec. 3, 1SS3.
372
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND NEWSPAPERS.
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND NEWSPAPERS OF WASHINGTON.
When the first American immigrants to Puget Sound arrived in 1845 at the head of Budd Inlet, they found the methodist mission at American Lake, near Nisqually, abandoned. The catholics, however, still held their ground among the natives and H. B. Co.'s servants; and there was the mission church of St Francis Xavier at Cowlitz farm, and what was claimed, for preemption purposes, to be a chapel, on Whidbey Island. At Vanconver in 1846 the church of St James, hegun the year previous, was completed, by which the catholic church subsequently endeavored to hold the town site of Vancouver, and the garrison grounds with property which was worth a million of dollars. This claim, as well as the one on Whidbey Island, failed after long litigation. East of the Cascades in 1846 were already established the mission of St Igna- tius in the Flathead country, the chapel of St Paul near Fort Colville, while St Francis Regis in the Colville Valley was projected. These were the works of the jesuits under De Smet. In the Stillaquamish Valley Hancock in 1849 found the Indians making the sign of the cross. Hancock's Thirteen Years, MS., 160. The year previous Pascal Ricard of the Oblate fathers, with some lay brethren, established the mission of St Joseph on the east side of Budd Inlet a mile north of Olympia, on the 14th of June, securing hy a con- tinuous residence a donation claim for his church. At the same time or a little earlier the same order established the Ahtanam mission in the Yakima country. The Cayuse war and other causes operated against missionary work among the Indians; but Blanchet, bishop of Walla Walla, remained for some time in the Cayuse country and stationed a priest in the valley when he left it to go abroad. Father Lionnet took up his residence among the Chinooks in 1851, accompanied by an associate, Le Pretre. According to Swan, they made little progress beyond baptizing their so-called converts. Ncar the forks of the Chehalis river the church secured 640 acres of land, and the claim formerly occupied by Thibault, at Monticello.
After the close of the Indian war on Puget Sound, in 1857, the diocese of Nisqually being divided into four districts, Blanchet appointed the abbé Rossi cure of Puget Sound, to minister to those of his denomination whom he might find there, and to act as vicar of the lay brethren established among the natives. He established himself near Fort Steilacoom, where was erected for him a rude chapel and residence, and where he could enjoy the society of the officers of the garrison, as well as endeavor to restrain the intemperance of the soldiers. During the six years of his residence in Washington half his congregation were non-catholic. During his stay he baptized 400 or 500 native children, performed 20 marriages, erected six churches, and received the abjurgation of three protestants. The church at Port Townsend, for which 5,000 francs had been collected, called Etoile de la Mer, was erected in 1859 -60. The church at Olympia was small, but must have been sufficient for the congregation, which numbered but fifteen parishioners, including children learning the catechism. Six lay fathers had an establishment an hour's ride south-west from Olympia, where the superior had taken a claim of half a sec- tion of land, and where there was a dwelling-house, chapel, buts for the Indians, a garden, and orchard. In 1858 the superior of this community returned to Europe, and two others established a mission on the Snohomish River, another opened a mission at Esquimault, and the youngest two joined the two priests at Olympia. The Snohomish mission was but a hut of bark, with a few boards, and straw thatch.
Rossi-sce Souvenirs d'un Voyage en Oregon et en Californie-appears to have been industrious, and to have preached whenever occasion offered, to catholics and protestants alike. In 1859 he prevailed upon the legislative assembly to incorporate the Sisters of Charity at Vancouver, where they had established an orphanage, and it was greatly through his influence that the care of the iusane of the territory was committed to them. He left Wash- ington for Cal. in 1860, but did not abandon the territory definitely until 1863.
373
METHODISTS AND PRESBYTERIANS.
In the latter year J. B. Brouillette purchased forty acres of land from E. H. Barron near Walla Walla, and erected on it St Vincent's Academy for girls, which was opened in 1864. A chapel was also erected on the land of William McBean on the Walla Walla River at or near the site of the modern Whitman. St Joseph's school for boys was opened at Walla Walla about the same time, and in 1865 a church was dedicated at that place, fathers Holde and Delahunty officiating. Father Cherouse, who was formerly at Walla Walla, was in 1868 conducting an Indian boys' school at Tulalip reservation. A builling was subsequently erected for girls, who were in- structed by Sisters of Charity.
The first catholic church dedicated in Olympia was in 1870; the first in Seattle in 1871, tho latter being built under the superintendence of Father Prefontaine. Seattle Times, April 2, 1871.
In 1852 the methodist conference of Oregon assigned Benjamin Close to a pastorate at Olympia. He preached his first sermon on the 26th of Dec. in a school-house just crected in that place. The congregation had but just left it when the roof fell in from the weight of accumulated snow. Olympia Columbian, Dec. 25, 1852, and Jan. 1, 1853; Roder's Bellingham Bay, MS., 18. The snowfall of 1852-3 was excessive, being about 4 feet in depth. A meeting-house was erected in the following April, services being held in the mean time in any rooms which could be obtained. The same mouth Close and an associate, Morse, made a tour of the settlements down the Sound, and Morse was assigned to duty. A methodist church was dedicated at Stcilacoom in Feb. 1854, the pastor being J. F. Devore, who preached the dedication ser- mon, an address being delivered also by I. I. Stevens, the newly arrived governor. Devore, politician as well as preacher, arrived by sea in August 1853. At the same time arrived D. Blain, who was stationed at Seattle.
In the spring of 1854 George F. Whitworth arrived at Olympia, having immigrated from Ind. the previous autumn, and wintered at Portland, where the Or. presbytery had assigned him to Puget Sound as the first missionary of the presbyterian church since the destruction of the mission in the Cayuse country, and the abandonment of those of Lapwai and Chemakane. He began preaching in the hall of representatives in July, organizing a sabbath-school, and dividing his time between Olympia, Grand Mound prairie, and Claquato, until the Indian war interrupted travel between these points and forced the settlers into block-houses. Olympia Echo, July 31, 1873; Whitworth's State- ment, MS., 1-3. The first presbyterian church of Olympia was organized by Whitworth in 1854, and according to Edward R. Geary, who wrote a cen- tennial history of the Oregon presbytery in 1876, Mr Goodsell of that organ- ization formed the church at Grand Mound prairie. Whitworth continned preaching and teaching, heing at one time in charge of the territorial univer- sity at Seattle, and engaging subsequently in various enterprises more profit- able than those pertaining to his profession in a new country.
The first presbyterian church incorporated by legislative enactment was that of Chambers' prairie-the Presbyterian Church and School of Chambers' Prairie-Feb. 1, 1858, with A. J. Chambers, Joseph White, A. W. Stewart, Marcus McMillan, David Chambers, and Abijah O'Neal as trustees. Wash. Stat., 1857-8, 46-7-and the second that of Olympia in 1860-trustees T. M. Reed, W. G. Dunlap, R. L. Doyle, J. K. Hall, and Butler P. Anderson. In 1858 the presbytery of Puget Sound, embracing all Washington, was erccted, the members being Goodsell, Whitworth, and G. W. Sloane. Good- sell died in 1860, and about this time Mr Evans arrived at Olympia from Pa and took his place, but he too soon sank under the hardships of pioneer life. Before 1866 the Puget Sound presbytery had lapsed, and the churches coming uuder the care of the Oregon presbytery, Anthony Simpson was assigned to Olympia in this year. In 1868 John R. Thompson, a native of Prince Ed- ward Island, and educated in Scotland, succceded to the ministry of the church in Olympia, where he remained. In 1873 this church was repaired, refurnished, and rededicated, a tower and spire being added. In 1875 H. P. Dunning began preaching to a congregation of presbyterians at Seattle, and a church edifice was later erected.
374
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND NEWSPAPERS.
In May 1854 Thomas F. Scott, missionary bishop of the episcopal church for Oregon and Washington, visited Olympia, holding services in the hall of representatives. But it was not until about 1863 that he was able to send a clergyman to take charge of the episcopal society in the capital of Washing- ton, when P. E. Hyland resigned the rectorship of Trinity church, Portland, to assume this duty. In the mean time the bishop and occasional missionary clergy had ministered, the communicants numbering ten at Olympia. When Hyland settled here a church edifice was already completed by this small number, none of whom were rich. The consecration of St John's Episcopal Church of Olympia took place September 3, 1865. There was at the same time at Seattle a lay reader, C. Bennett, who also superintended a sunday- school. At Port Townsend a church that had been three years in building was completed in 1865. After the death of Scott, which occurred in 1867, little advancement was made until the arrival of the newly elected missionary bishop, B. Wistar Morris, who displayed much energy in founding churches and schools. The number of episcopal churches and chapels in 1880 was as follows: St Luke's church of Vancouver, communicants 35; St John's church of Olympia, com. 37; Trinity church of Seattle, com. 77; St Paul's church of Port Townsend, com. 21; St Paul's church of Walla Walla, com. 26; St Peter's chapel of old Tacoma, com. 11; St Luke's church of New Tacoma, com. 4; St Andrew's chapel of Kalama, congregation small; Upper Columbia mission, com. 17; other communicants 100.
The fourth denomination in Olympia to erect a house of worship to the same deity was the baptist society, which, although somewhat numerous, did not file articles of incorporation until the 15th of March, 1872. The board of trustees were William H. Mitchell, Bennett W. Johns, M. E. Traver, F. W. Fine, and Roger S. Greene. Olympia Standard, Dec. 28, 1878. Two years afterward a church was erected and paid for, the pulpit being successively filled by Joseph Castro, Roger S. Greene, and J. P. Ludlow; one was also built at Seattle. In 1877 the baptist association of Puget Sound proposed to place a gospel-ship on the waters of the Sound-a floating missionary estab- lishment, propelled by steam, which could visit all the out-of-the-way places on the Sound and in B. C. waters. 'We would thus have work for our pas- tors, gospel bands, or general missionary, the readiest, cheapest, and most practical conveyance for years to come,' said the circular. Ludlow, Greene, and Wirth were appointed a committee to present the matter to the churches. Olympia Wash. Standard, Dec. 29, 1877., In time the little steamer was built and furnished-and used as a tug-boat.
There were several preachers, chiefly methodists, who followed the mining exodus from the Willamette Valley in 1862-4, and who held services weckly wherever a congregation could be had. Ebry's Journal, MS., 8, 77. The first minister settled in castern Washington, not of the Roman church, was P. B. Chamberlain, who in the spring of 1864 purchased a building known as Ryan's Hall and fitted it up as a church, where he made war on wickedness with a singleness of purpose rare in modern times. Chamberlain founded the first congregatienal church in Washington. Nine years afterward a church of this denomination was organized at Olympia, which purchased the lot and build- ing formerly owned by the catholic church on Main strect for a few hundred
dollars, and in Sept. 1874 repairs had made the edifice fit to be again dedi- cated to religious worship. Services were kept up to 1876 by volunteer preaching, C. A. Huntington, George H. Atkinson, and Cushing Eells offici- ating. The first regular pastor was G. W. Skinner, who remained but six months, when he returned to Kansas, and David Thomas succeeded him.
In 1885 there were in Olympia seven churches, including the modern Ro- man catholic and the unitarian, the latter in charge of D. N. Utter. Scattle had six, Port Townsend three, and the whole number for western Washington was about thirty. The whole number in castern Washington was given at nineteen, seven of these being at Walla Walla, namely, the metho- dist, cumberland presbyterian, episcopal, congregational, catholic, seventh- day adventists, and united brethren.
375
EDUCATION.
A school was opened in Olympia, Nov. 22, 1852, by A. W. Moore, first teacher and postmaster on Puget Sound after its settlement by American colonists. Moore died in 1875, aged 55 years, having always labored for the best interests of society. The first school-house, it is claimed, was on the Kindred farm, on Bush prairie, and was erected by the Kindred family and their neighbors. Phillips first taught in this place. During the winter of 1852-3 a tax was levied on the Olympia precinct, and money collected to erect a public school-house, which was demolished by the heavy snow of that win- ter, as before related. The Columbian of July 16, 1853, remarks that it had known of only three schools north of Cowlitz landing, one in Olympia, taught by E. A. Bradford, one at the house of William Packard, taught by Miss White, and one near the house of S. D. Ruddell, taught by D. L. Phillips, probably the one above mentioned.
About this time the owners of the Seattle town site offered a liberal dona- tion of land to the methodist church if they would erect an institution of learning, to be called the Seattle Institute, within 2 years. The matter was laid before the conference hy Benjamin Close, but the offer does not appear to have been accepted. Meantime the common school at Olympia was continued, Moses Hurd, C. II. Hale, and D. R. Bigelow being trustees.
In May 1834 Bernard Cornelius, from Victoria, V. I., and graduate of Trinity college, Dublin, took charge of the Olympia school, and seems to have been a competent and industrious educator. He proposed to establish a 'classical, mathematical, commercial, and training school,' and conducted the public instruction of the youth of the district for one year satisfactorily, when he set up a private school, with what success I know not. In Dec. 1856 the methodists incorporated the Puget Sound Wesleyan Institute, located on a point of land midway between Olympia and Tumwater. The school opened that year under the charge of Isaac Dillon and wife. The trustees were D. R. Bigelow, G. A. Barnes, C. B. Baker, F. A. Chenoweth, A. A. Denny, G. M. Berry, R. H. Lansdale, A. S. Abernethy, James Biles, W. S. Parsons, Wil- liam Wright, J. S. Smith, W. D. Van Buren, T. F. Berry, B. F. Yantis, W. N. Ayres, Edward Lander, W. W. Miller, J. F. Devore, John Briscoe, G. K. Willard, Isaac Dillon, L. A. Davis, W. Rutledge, Morris Littlejohn, R. M. Walker, C. H. Hale, and Elwood Evans. In Ebey's Journal, MS., iii. 45, I find mention of a school-house erected at Port Townsend in 1855, where a Mr Taylor had opened a school; and I find that the public school of Seattle was closed in Oct. 1860, owing to the mining excitement having carried off the teacher, while other schools at Port Madison, Teekalet, Whidbey Island, Port Townsend, and Olympia were in a flourishing condition.
As there was no school fund from the sale of the 16th and 36th sections until the same should be surveyed, and the commissioner of the land-office hav- ing decided that the grant was not available until the territory should become a state, the common schoels were supported by a tax annually levied, and by fines arising from a breach of any penal laws of the territory.
County superintendents were provided for by the law of 1854, to be elected at the annual elections. In 1861 it was enacted that a territorial superin- tendent should be chosen triennially by the legislature, whose duty it should be to collect such information as might be deemed important, reporting an- nually to that body, and supervising the expenditure of the school fund. An act approved Nov. 29, 1871, provided that the territorial superintendent should be elected in joint convention of the legislature during that and every subsequent session, his duties being to disseminate intelligence in relation to the methods and value of education, to issue certificates to teachers, call teachers' conventions, consolidate the reports of county superintendents, recommend text-books, and report to the legislative assembly, for all of which he was to receive $300. Nelson Rounds was the first sup. under the this law, and gave an elaborate report. He was a graduate of Hamilton uni- versity, and was in the methodist ministry nearly 40 years. During this time he was connected with several schools, and was four years editor of the North- ern Christian Advocate. He came from Binghampton, N. Y., to take the presi-
376
CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND NEWSPAPERS.
dency of the Willamette University in 1868, but resigned in 1870 and removed to Washington. He died at Union Ridge Jan. 2, 1874. Olympia Standard, Jan. 10, 1874. Congress passed a special act in 1873 providing that the ter. supt should be appointed by the gov. and confirmed by the couneil. In a synopsis of the reports of the public schools of Washington by G. H. Atkin- son for the centennial of 1876, it is stated that the number of school-houses reported was 283, the number of pupils enrolled 7,116, the amount paid to teachers about $55,000 in 1875, and other ininor facts.
Eastern Washington was in a somewhat more chaotic state with regard to education. Walla Walla, however, being the historie battle-ground of sec- tarianism, derived a benefit from it in the way of schools. Whitman Semi- nary was chartered in 1859-60, and built in 1867, to commemorate the labors and tragic death of Marcus Whitman, missionary to the Cayuses.
The first private school taught in Walla Walla was opened in 1864, by P. B. Chamberlain and wife. There was also a public school of 63 pupils. The eatholie schools for boys and girls were well sustained. There was also St Paul's episcopal seminary for young women, and two other private insti- tutions of learning, besides the three free schools of the city. The catholics established the hospital of St Mary's, with accommodations for about 70 patients.
Vancouver had a greater number of academies in proportion to its popu- lation in 1885 than any other town in Washington. The Sisters' House of Providence, established in 1856, was the oldest academy then in the territory, besides which the methodists and episeopalians had a seminary, and the cath- olics a boys' school, in addition to the public school. The Ellensburg Acad- emy, located at Ellensburg, Kittitass co., was founded in 1884, by James H. Laurie. It had a good attendance from the start. By act of con- gress approved July 2, IS62, 30,000 acres of land for each senator and rep- resentative to which the states were respectively entitled was granted for agricultural colleges. Under the provisions of this act the legislature of 1864-5 passed an aet establishing Washington College at or near Vancouver, and vested its government in a board of trustees, of which the governor was ex officio a member. Trustees-E. S. Fowler, M. Wintler, John Sheets, S. W. Brown, Gay Hayden, and John H. Timmons. Wash. Stat., 1864-5, 32-6. At the following session congress was informed by memorial of the selection of a site, the purchase of which was contracted for, and the lands selected, but that upon attempting to enter this land the trustees had been notified by the commissioner of the general land-office that the act of congress was only applicable to states. The memorial prayed for the extension of the benefits of the act to Washington territory. This gift was, however, withheld until the state should become entitled to it under the act.
Of libraries, the territorial was the first, being a part of the endowment of the general government on the establishment of the territory of Washington. The books were purchased by Gov. Stevens, and numbered about 2,000, in- cluding unbound documents, with a pair of globes, and five mounted maps. B. F. Kendall was appointed first librarian, and held office until Jan. 1857, when Henry R. Crosbie was elected. At this session of the legislature the li- brarian was made territorial auditor, the joint salary amounting to $325. This arrangement lasted till 1862. Urban E. Hicks succeeded Crosbie in 1858, followed by A. J. Moses in 1859, and J. C. Head in 1860, who was reelected in 1861. In 1862 Thomas Taylor was chosen librarian, and R. M. Walker elected auditor. In Feb. 1858 an act was passed incorporating the Steilacoom Library Association. Tho incorporators were: A. B. Dcelin, A. F. Byrd, E. A. Light, W. H. Wallace, W. R. Downy, W. P. Dougherty, William Lane, S. McCaw, B. Pierce, Frank Clark, Sherwood Boney, O. H. White, E. M. Meeker, William N. Savage, and Nathaniel Orr. Wash. Stat., 1857-8, 47-8. In 1800 a library of 300 vols was established at Port Madison. At Seattle, in 1862, the university library was established. It numbered in 1862 800 vols. The Temperance Tacoma Lodge of Olympia established a library in 1869 of 700 vols. A catholic library was organized at Vancouver in 1870
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