USA > Idaho > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 69
USA > Montana > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 69
USA > Washington > History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana : 1845-1889 > Part 69
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624
TOWN-BUILDING AND SOCIETY.
the aboriginals of that region, not knowing that in the Boisé basin another Bannack City was being founded at the same time in the same way.6 At Bighole mines were a few men who preferred wintering near their claims,7 and a few others were scattered about the forks of the Missouri on land claims.8 At
Pratt, Edwin R. Purple, Frederick Peck, Alonzo Pease, George Perkins, Thomas Pitcher, David Phillips (murdered with Lloyd Magruder's party in the winter of 1863-4, as related in the foregoing History of Idaho), H. Porter, Henry Plummer (chief of the band of road-agents), S. Jeff. Purkins, Harry Phleger, Mark Post, William Parks, Charles Reeme, Charles Revil, Charles Rumley, W. C. Rheem, Thomas Riley, Frederick W. Root, John W. Russell, L. F. Richie (died from an accidental gunshot wound in 1863), Raymond, Charles Reeves (road-agent), William Rouch, Harry Rickards, John Rhinehart, Orson J. Rockwell, Henry Rodgers, James Ronp, Rowley, Patrick Skye, Shaw, William Stamps, M. V. Scwell, George Shears (hanged at Hellgate by vigilants in 1864), J. H. Shepherd, Joseph Stark, John Scudder, Asa Stanley and brother, Cyrus Skinner (hanged by vigilants at Hellgate in 1864), O. J. Sharp, William Spencer, John A. Smith, H. P. A. Smith, Smith (killed by Indians on Salmon River in March 1863), John B. Spencer, Sweeney, J. V. Suprenant, William Still, G. and Jas Stuart, Jerry T. Sullivan, R. M. Spencer, William Simpson, A. J. Smith, Enoch Smith, Lew P. Smith, James Spence, George H. Smith, A. K. Stanton, G. W. Stapleton, E. C. Stickney, William Sturgis, Christopher Stoker, Joseph Swift, Jr, F. M. Thompson, C. L. Tisdale, H. T. Tyler, William Terwilliger, William Townley, Benjamin Townley, C. O. Trask, Trainer, Thibodeaux, John C. Terrill, Robert Tingley and 2 sons, one named Robert), Drewyer Underwood, John Vedder, Vanconrt, John Vanderbilt, Woodworth, J. H. Wildman, S. Walton, N. Wall, E. P. Waters, William Wallace, Cyrus D. Watkins, Frank Watkins, Ned Williamson, George Wing, P. C. Woods, William Wright, Wilds, James Wiggington, Wendell, Horace Wheat, George Wickham, J. R. Wilson, Warren Whitcher, Frank H. Woody, J. S. Willard, James N. York, Charles L. Young. John A. Smith, one of the founders of Bannack, died April 19, 1872. Iu 1854 he was interested in the town site of Florence, on the Missouri River, ahove Omaha, and kept a ferry there. Af- terward he kept a ferry on the Elkhorn and Platte rivers successively. He was a member of the first Nebraska legislature. In 1858 he went to Colorado, returning to Nebraska the same year, and coming to Montana in 1862. Denver News, May 18, 1872.
6 Montana Scraps, 9; Walla Walla Statesman, Dec. 6, 1862; Bonanza City Yankee Fork IIcrald, Jan. 3, 1880; Zabriskie's Land Laws, 857-9.
7 Frederick H. Burr, James Coulan, Louis D. Ervin, and James M. Mine- singer spent the winter in Bighole Valley.
" Among the latter was F. J. Dunbar, who was born in Ohio, April 1837, and removed to Wisconsin at the age of 18 years, having first learned the plasterer's trade. From Wisconsin he went to Iowa; then to Colorado in 1859, with the gold-seekers, driving an ox-team. While prospecting in Colorado he discovered the Mammoth mine, which afterward sold for $80,000, also the Julia, and other quartz mines. But he seems not to have worked his dis- coveries; and after crossing the plains three times, finally joined the immi- gration to Salmon River, which stopped at Bannack in July. In November he went to look at the country at the mouth of the Gallatin River, and being favorably impressed with it, removed his wife and property in December and chose his future home, being then recently married to Anna Campbell. He crected the first house in Gallatin Valley, a log building 18 by 20 feet. When Gallatin City sprung up he kept a hotel for four years. He became the owner
625
PIONEER NAMES.
Fort Benton were thirty or forty persons of different nationalities, such as attach themselves to fur com- panies.9
At the Blackfoot agency, established in 1858 on Sun River, by Alfred J. Vaughn, agent for that tribe, were a few persons.10 On the west side of the Rocky Mountains, in Missoula county, Washington, were over two hundred persons, inclusive of the mining, trading, missionary, and other classes. Of these Deer Lodge Valley had about seventy.11 Already a town
of 500 or 600 acres of land. Another settler in the Gallatin Valley this year was John E. Reese, born in Wales, Jan. 12, 1819, who immigrated to New York in 1856, and settled on a farm in Pa, where he remained but 23 years, when he went to Salt Lake. In 1862 he found himself in Bannack; but choos- ing farming instead of mining, he settled 15 miles north of the present town of Bozeman, having no neighbor nearer than 7 miles. He married Mary Davis in 1840, who was the first and for some time the only white woman in his section. He owns 240 acres well cultivated, and some horses and cattle.
Robert P. Menefee, born in Mo., in 1833, went to Kansas at the age of 22 years, and was engaged in the political struggle there from 1855 to 1858, when he went to Utah, driving an ox-team. While in Salt Lake he was clerk for Gilbert Garrison. In Oct. 1862 he went to the mines at Bannack. When Virginia City arose he was postmaster from Aug. 1864 to Feb. 1865. He then remained for a few months in Deer Lodge Valley, returning in the au- tumn. He took some land in Gallatin Valley in 1867, together with John S. Mendenhall, whom he bought ont in 1870. There also resided on a farm near Bozeman, Riley Cook, a young man whose parents emigrated from the east to Boisé Valley in 1862. He was born the following year, being one of the first, if not the first native of Idaho of white parentage. He lived there on a farm nn- til 1881. James Redford was a native of Ireland, who immigrated to America in 1851, at the age of 21 years, and located himself in Pa, where he worked at common labor nntil 1855, when he went to Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado in succession. He drove freight teams across the plains two seasons, then en- gaged in mining in Colorado. In 1862 he came to Bannack with a mule-team, locating himself at Bivens gulch and mining for 11 or 12 years. In 1864 he married Julia Edwards. They had 10 children, and owned 240 acres in the head of Jefferson Valley, where they engaged in raising horses and cattle.
9 Andrew Dawson was agent in charge; George Stull and M. Carroll, chief clerks; Hunick, sub-clerk; Henry Bostwick and Francis Veiele, interpreters; Benjamin De Roche, Joseph Spearson, Charles Choquette, Peter Choquette, Michael Champagne, and Henry Robert, interpreters and traders; Vincent Mercure and Joseph Laurion, carpenters; John Nubert, tailor; Henry Martin, blacksmith; George Weipert, tinner; Paul Longleine, overseer of workmen; Antoine Burdean, Clement Cournoya, Charles Cournoya, Charles Cunand, Edward Cunand, Milton Foy, Joseph Hule, William Keiser, John Largent, Joseph Lucier, William Truesdale, Isaiah Tremblez, employés; Daniel Cara- fel, a free man; Philip Barnes and Henry Mills, negro employés; James Vanlitburg, negro cook. Con. Hist. Soc. Montana, 347-8.
10 The agent at this time was Henry W. Reid. The farmer was J. A. Vail, whose wife and sister-in-law, Miss O'Brien, were the only white women resi- dent in Montana previous to 1862. Another person on Sun River was James M. Arnoux.
11 Gold Creek had Thomas Adams, Reese Anderson, A. Cook, Stephen Fernier, Joseph Howard, Mrs Hewins, Peter Kishner and partner, Linn, HIST. WASH .- 40
626
TOWN-BUILDING AND SOCIETY.
was laid off on the east side of Deer Lodge River, near its junction with the Hellgate, called La Barge City, the seat and centre of the business and popula- tion of Indian-trader antecedents, where the Antoines, Louis, and Baptistes were as numerous as over the border in the provinces. At the mission of St Ignatius, at Fort Owen, and in the Hellgate and Bit- terroot valleys, were the greater part of the two hundred inhabitants,12 who were not miners, but stock-
Peter Martin, Amelia Martin, Robert Nelson, Henry S. Pond, Parker, R. A. Thompson, and Job Townsend. At La Barge City, whose first name gave place to Deer Lodge City, were Henry Beauregard, Anthony Cosgrove, Calvin Carroll, Mrs Carroll, David Contoi, Frank Cabbau, Louis Demars, Dionisio, Louis Descheneaux, John Dayton, William Fair- weather, Louis Grandmaison, Joseph Hill, Homer Heweins, Thomas Lavatta, Charles D. La Breche, Henry Larriveé, François La Montague, Josef Martin, H. A. Milot, Mack the fiddler, François Narmondin, Giles S. Olin, Frank Olin, Mrs G. S. Olin, George Orr, Madame René Peltier, Angustns G. Peltier, Mrs Peltier, Miss Peltier, Eli Pellerin, Joseph Prudhomme, Benoni S. Peabody, Mrs Susan Peabody, Leon Qnesnelle, Baptiste Quesnelle, Joseph Quesnelle, Thomas Riley, James Reed, Henry Thomas (commonly called Gold Tom), Francois Truchot, and Young, besides most of the traders already named as being in the mountains including the Grants, John S. Pemberton, and C. A. Broadwater of Cottonwood Creek, John Franks, John Carr, and Edgar Henry of Dempsey Creek, and George Ives and Charles S. Allen of Dublin, composed the suburban population.
12 At St Ignatius mission, on a branch of Flathead River, were fathers Joseph Carnana, Caliphonio, Urbanus Grassi, Joseph Giorda, Joseph Ménétrey, Magri, Louis Vercruyssen, and Aloysius Vanzini; also the following persons: Frank Bison, William Claessens, Joseph Coture, Louis Corville, Peter Irvine, Louis Pelon, Charles Reidt, Joseph Specht, and Charles Schafft. At Frenchtown, on the Missoula River, Joseph Asline, Louis Brown, George Beaupré, Philip Carr, Baptiste Dusharme, Adolph Dubreuil (called Tin-cup Joe), David Kit- son, Edward Lambert, Damien Ledoux, Joseph Larose, Henry W. Miller, Caroline Miller, Lucretia Miller (later Mrs Worden), Mary C. Miller (later Mrs Lent), Eustache Neron, Joseph Poutre, Moise Reeves, Luther Richards, M. T. Tipton, Emil Tuleau, Thompson, and George Young. At the Flat- head agency on the Jocko River were Charles Hutchins (agent), O. S. Barnes, William Badger, John Dillinghamn (killed in July IS63 at Alder gulch, by Haze Lyons, Buck Stinson, and Charles Fubbs), Charles Frush, William Holmes, A. B. Henderson, Michael Larkin, Frederick Sherwood, James Sinnett, Daniel Sullivan, and Dr Terry. At Fort Owen, Jolin Owen, L. L. Blake, W. W. De Lacy, George W. Dobbins, Lonisa Dobbins, Mrs William Goodrich, C. E. Irvine, and Cyrus McWhirk. In the Bitterroot Valley, Joseph Blodgett, Edward Burk, William H. Babcock, William Bantee, Mrs Bantee, Louis Clairmont, Edward Carron, John Chatfield, Henry M. Cone and Elva Cone (the first white man and woman married in Bitterroot Valley), Benjamin Crandall, Napoleon Dumontie, Thomas Frewen, A. K. Gird, Thomas W. Harris, George Hurst, E. B. Johnson and children, P. M. La- fontain, Joseph Lomprè, William Meredith, Mrs Meredith, Antoine Marti- neau, C. J. Parker, John Peters, Mrs Peters, John Slack, John Silverthorne, W. A. Tallman, and George M. Windes. At Hellgate Rond, Peter J. Botte, Albert Batchelder, Daniel S. Calkins, Marcus Doan, John Frazier, Mrs Helen Grant, Julia P. Grant, Adeline Grant, C. P. Higgins, W. B. S. Higgins, George Holman, John Lowre, Thomas Mineinger, Peter McDonald, Robert A.
627
THE FIRST WINTER.
raisers and farmers, or settled in some regular occu- pation. How these six or eight hundred people passed the winter, midway between the Missouri River at Omaha and the lower Columbia, after the knowledge we have acquired of the American pioneer, it is not difficult to imagine. Building went on briskly, with such material as was at hand. Few were idle, and they were men with whom the vigilants came in time to deal peremptorily. On the road to Salt Lake teamsters kept their heavy wagons going until the snow in the passes closed them out.13
As soon as spring opened, parties began to be made up for prospecting, not for mines only, but for eligible situations for town sites, it being already settled in the minds of the first comers that a large population was to follow in their wake. Such a company, under James Stuart, left Bannack April 9th for the mouth
Pelky, Adeline Pelky, Jefferson Henry Pelky (son of Robert A. and Adeline, was born at Grass Valley 3 miles below Hellgate, Jan. 13, 1862, being the first white child born within the present limits of Montana), Joseph Pion, David Patter, H. E. Rouse, Mrs Rouse, William Sinclair, Jeremiah L. Sinclair, James Sinclair. Mary Sivclair, Colin Sinclair, I. N. Stinson (hanged at Bannack by the vigilants in Jan, 1864), James Sellers, Susan Sellers, William Scott, Richard Smith, George P. White, Josephine White (first white couple married any- where in Montana, the ceremony being performed at Hellgate March 5, 1862, probably by the first justice of the peace, Henry R. Brooks), Henry Williams, and Frank L. Worden. At Grass Valley were Henry R. Brooks (appointed justice of the peace by the Wash. legislature of 1861-2, the first court held being in the spring of 1862, and first cause Tin-cup Joe vs O'Keefe), Worth- ington Bills (formerly of Oregon and Washington), and Hezekiah Van Dorn. At Two Creeks, David M. Brooks, J. P. Lavallie, John Little, Daniel P. Nichols, James Nolan, and Amos Overlander. At Flathead House, or Hud- son's Bay post, James McIver, Angus McLeod, Lochlin McLanrin, and Mont- gomery. At Missoula Ferry, John S. Caldwell. At Koriaken Defile, C. C. O'Keefe (called Baron O'Keefe of Castle O'Keefe) and D. C. O'Keefe. Mail- carrier to Walla Walla, W. W. Johnson. This completes the list of white inhabitants of Montana in the winter of 1862, as given in the archives of the Historical Society of Montana, with additions from other authorities; and though not a perfect roll, it contains over two thirds of all the population, according to the best accounts.
13 The pass by Fort Lemhi, according to Granville Stuart, is the second lowest in the Rocky range. The lowest is that which leads from Beaverhead Valley to Deer Lodge Valley, and the only one that never becomes impassable with snow, which seldom falls to a depth of more than 2 feet, while in the Dry Creek pass, as it is called, which was adopted for the Salt Lake route in 1863, it is sometimes 10 feet deep. Montana as It Is, 79-80. This little book of Stuart's contains a great variety of information concerning the topography, climate, resources, nomenclature, routes, distances, etc., of Montana, and is an easy reference ou all these subjects.
62
TOWN-BUILDING AND SOCIETY.
of the Stinkingwater River, where it was expected another division would join them.14 This party, how- ever, did not arrive in time, and were left to follow when they should strike the trail, Stuart continuing on with the advance to the Yellowstone country, which it was the design of the expedition to explore. The men remaining were only six in number; namely, Louis Simmons, George Orr, Thomas Cover, Barney Hughes, Henry Edgar, William Fairweather. They followed the trail of Stuart's party for some distance, but before overtaking them, were met by Crows, who, after robbing them, placed them on their own miser- able sore-backed ponies, and ordered them to return whence they came. This treatment, which called out nothing but curses from the disappointed pros- peetors, eventuated in their highest good fortune. On their disconsolate journey back to Bannack they made a detour of a day's journey up Madison River above their crossing, and passing through a gap to the south-west, encamped on a small ereek, and pro- ceeded to cook such scanty food as the Indians had left them, while Fairweather occupied his time in panning out some dirt in a gulch where he observed a point of bed-rock projecting from the hillside. To his surprise he found thirty cents in coarse gold in the first panful of dirt, and upon a few more trials, $1.75 to the pan. After this discovery the explorers needed no sauce to their dinner. The stream was ealled Alder Creek, from its fringe of alder-trees, and the place of discovery Fairweather gulch. It was sixty-five miles nearly due east from Bannack.
Claims were immediately staked off, and Hughes returned alone to Bannack to procure supplies, and inform such friends as the party desired to have share the benefits of the discovery. But a prospector is
14 James Stuart was chosen captain by those who presented themselves at the rendezvous. They were Cyrus D. Watkins, John Vanderbilt, James N. York, Richard MeCafferty, James Hauxhurst, Drewyer Underwood, Samuel T. Hauser, Henry A. Bell, William Roach, A. Sterne Blake, George H. Smith, Henry T. Geery, Ephriam Bostwick, and George Ives. Con. Hist. Soc. Montana, 150.
629
FAIRWEATHER AND ALDER CREEK.
sharply watched, and when Hughes returned to Alder Creek, which proved to be one of the heads of Stink- ingwater,16 he was followed by two hundred men. Unable to prevent them, Hughes encamped a few hours' ride from the mines. Having informed his friends, he stole away in the night with them, and so gave them time to make their locations before the others left camp.
When the two hundred arrived, a mining district was formed, named after Fairweather, with Dr Steele president and James Fergus recorder. This was on the 6th of June, 1863. Eight months afterward there were five hundred dwellings and stores on Alder Creek; and Virginia City when a year old had a pop- ulation of four thousand.16 Like many other mining towns, it had a dual existence, consisting of two towns joining each other, the second one being called Ne- vada.17 Together they made one long street, with side streets branching off at right angles. The joint city was twenty miles from the junction of Stinking- water with the Jefferson fork, in latitude a little north of 45° and longitude 1112° west. It was 400 miles from Salt Lake, 1,400 from Omaha, 1,000 from Port- land, 600 from navigation on the Columbia, and 500 from practicable navigation on the Missouri, except once, or perhaps twice, a year in good seasons, when steamboats could come to Fort Benton, 200 miles north. What did that matter? Gold smooths away all difficulties, and out of Alder Creek gulches, in the immediate vicinity of Virginia City, were taken,18 in
15 So called by the Indians, from the sulphur springs which run into it.
16 The town was first called Varina, after the wife of Jefferson Davis, but soon changed to Virginia. W. W. De Lacy, in Con. Ilist. Soc. Montana, 113. G. G. Bissell, while acting as judge in the trial of Forbes, a road-agent, re- fused to write Varina at the head of a legal document, and wrote Virginia in- stead, which settled the matter. McClure's Three Thousand Miles, 229.
17 Central and Summit cities have since been added to the suburbs of Vir- ginia.
18 Aux Mining in Colorado and Montana, MS., 7-9; Ross Browne's Rept; Frye's Travellers' Guide, 41; E. B. Neally, in Atlantic Monthly, Aug. 1866, 239. J. M. Carlton, born in Alderbaugh, Maine, in 1815, was a hotel-keeper at Virginia City. He located himself in Bannack in 1862, but removed to Virginia, of which he was mayor for several terms. He died April 22, 1876,
630
TOWN-BUILDING AND SOCIETY.
the first three years, $30,000,000. Five other dis- tricts were organized on Alder Creek-Highland, Pine Grove, and Summit up the stream, and Nevada and Junction below. About a thousand claims were located, which yielded well enough to pay a good profit when wages were from $10 to $14 a day.
But Alder Creek was not the only rich mining lo- cality. A spur of the mountains which runs down between the Stinkingwater and Madison rivers con- tained highly productive mines. Wisconsin gulch, so named because a Wisconsin company first worked it,
North Fork
Dig Blac
ILdt. Prickly
Bear Cr.
Hel
Ore Fine
TTER
Marya or,
Tre
-
2 900
Clearto
x
S
South Fk.
R.
Hole
7.7
Gallatin Furk
Yellow
Plase Ore
GULCHES AND LODES IN 1865.
Bivens' gulch, named after its discoverer, celebrated for coarse gold and nuggets weighing over three hun- dred dollars, Harris and California gulches, all paid largely. In this same spur of the mountains were a number of quartz veins bearing gold and silver, the value of which could only be guessed at from the richness of the placers.
We will now look after the party of James Stuart, which narrowly missed discovering the Alder Creek mines by hurrying on to the Yellowstone country in- stead of stopping to prospect where they found indi-
leaving a wife and daughter. He had been one of the founders of St Paul, Minnesota. Bozeman Avant-Courier, April 28, 1876.
Madison
Salmon
1
631
STUART'S PROSPECTORS.
cations.19 Keeping a generally north-east course, they crossed Madison River, finding plenty of burnt quartz, and 'raising the color' when prospecting; crossed the Gallatin Valley where it was watered by two forks, and found it superior to Deer Lodge; crossed the divide between the Missouri and the Yellowstone, reaching that river on the 25th, keeping down the south bank two days beyond Big Bowlder Creek, when they fell in with a band of Crows, from which they narrowly escaped through the intrepid behavior
R.
Blake
Yellowstone
N. 55° E
Ma
Cafferty
Bost-
wick
Haux- hurst
N. 10° E.
BIG HORN
CITY
640 Acres
Under-
wood
York
Ives
bilt
Stuart
Big Horn R.
Ilauser
Bell
Roach
Smith
BIGHORN CITY.
of Stuart. It became an almost daily occurrence to meet thieving Crows. They pursued their way down the Yellowstone, reaching Pompey's Pillar on the 3d of May.20 On the 5th they arrived at Big- horn River, where they found "from ten to fifty very
19 Says James Stuart, in his journal of the Yellowstone expedition: 'To- day we crossed two small creeks and camped on the third one, near the divide between the Stinkingwater and Madison rivers ... The country from the Stinkingwater to the divide is very broken, with deep ravines, with plenty of lodes of white quartz from 1 to 10 feet wide. In this camp Geery and Mc- Cafferty got a splendid prospect on a high bar, but we did not tell the rest of the party for fear of breaking up the expedition.' This prospect was on a fork of Alder called Granite Creek. When the party returned they found these gulches full of miners. Con. Hist. Soc. Montana, 152-3.
2º On this rock, named by Lewis and Clarke, Stuart found carved the names of Clarke and two of his men, with the date, July 25, 1806. Also the names of Derick and Vancourt, dated May 23, 1834.
Wat-
kins
N.50° E.
Vander
N.80° W.
Gary
632
TOWN-BUILDING AND SOCIETY.
fine colors of gold in every pan" taken from loose gravel ou a bar near the mouth. On the 6th five men were detailed to lay out a town on the east side of this river, which they accordingly did, surveying 320 acres for the town site, and lots of 160 acres each surrounding it for the suburban possessions of the company. The stakes may be there still, but the town has not been peopled to this day.
On the 11th, as the party were travelling up the Bighorn, they discovered three white persons riding and leading pack-animals, whom they endeavored to intercept; but the strangers, taking them for road- agents, escaped.21
On the night of the 12th of May, Stuart's camp was attacked, and Watkins, Bostwick, and Geery left dead in the Crow country. The survivors, on the 28th, after a toilsome journey, arrived at the Sweet- water, sixteen miles below Rocky Ridge, where they found good prospects in the loose gravel. On the 22d of June the company arrived at Bannack City, having travelled sixteen hundred miles since leaving it in April, and without having done more than learn the inhospitable nature of a large part of the country explored.
In August a company of forty-two men, most of them new arrivals, left Virginia City to explore the head waters of the south fork of Snake River.22 They
21 They proved to be J. M. Bozeman, accompanied by the trader John M. Jacobs and his young daughter. They were looking for a wagon route from the three forks of the Missouri to Red Buttes on the North Platte, which they succeeded in finding, and which became known as the Bozeman cut-off. Bozeman laid out the town of that name in the Gallatin Valley, and was a man much respected for the qualities which distinguish the actual pioneer. He met the fate which has overtaken so many, being killed by Indiaus on the Yellowstone, near tho mouth of Shield River, April 20, 1867.
22 Their names were W. W. De Lacy, J. Bryant, S. Brown, A. R. Burr, David Burns, Lewis Casten, J. C. Davis, F. A. Dodge, John Ferril, J. H. Ferguson, George Forman, T. J. Farmerlee, Aaron Fiekel, S. R. Hillerman, Charles Heineman, H. H. Johnson, James Kelly, D. H. Montgomery, H. C. Mewhorter, A. H. Myers, J. B. Moore, John Morgan, W. H. Orcutt, J. J. Rich, Joseph W. Ray, H. Schall, W. Thompson, Major Brookie, E. P. Lewis, John Bigler, J. Stroup, Richard Tod, Jack Cummings, D. W. Brown, Charles Lamb, E. Whitcomb, A. Comstock, C. Failor, Charles Rcam, J. Gallagher (hanged by vigilants), Smith, Dickie, J. H. Lawrence, E. Sheldon. De Lacy, in Con. Hist. Soc. Montana, 140.
633
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