Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II, Part 111

Author: Collins, Lewis, 1797-1870. cn; Collins, Richard H., 1824-1889. cn
Publication date: 1874
Publisher: Covington, Ky., Collins & Co.
Number of Pages: 1654


USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 111


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682


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PULASKI COUNTY.


The records of Powell county and the public buildings were destroyed by fire in the spring of 1863. The buildings have since been rebuilt.


During the civil war, Powell county suffered greatly from the incursions of lawless bands, who plundered the citizens almost indiscriminately, and compelled them frequently to take refuge in the woods and mountains. Life and property were often threatened and sometimes visited with destruction.


PULASKI COUNTY.


PULASKI county was the 27th formed in Kentucky, and the second of thirteen established in 1798-in answer to the petitions and complaints of the people living at a great distance from the court houses. Its territory was taken from Lincoln and Green counties, and it was named after Count Pulaski. Parts of Wayne county in 1800 and Rockcastle in 1810 were taken from Pulaski. It is situated in the south middle part of the state; and bounded N, by Lincoln and Rockcastle counties, E. by Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley, s. by Whitley and Wayne, and w. by Wayne, Rus- sell, and Casey. The northern part is gently undulating, the re- mainder hilly or mountainous. The Cumberland river is navi- gable for small steamboats, during several months in the year, as high up as Stigall's ferry and Waitsborough, and within six miles of Somerset. The other principal streams of the county are Rockcastle river, South fork of Cumberland river, Linn, Buck, Pitman's, White Oak, and Fishing creeks. The staple products are corn, wheat, rye, oats, and tobacco, and the principal exports in addition, are cattle, hogs, and coal.


Towns .- Somerset, the county seat, is about 80 miles nearly s. from Frankfort, and distant from the Knoxville branch of the Louisville and Nashville railroad at four points as follows : from Stanford 33 miles, Crab Orchard 28, Mt. Vernon 25, and London 36 miles; contains the court house, jail, and clerks' offices, 6 churches (Baptist, Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, Reformed or Chris- tian, and African), an excellent school house, Masonic collegiate institute, 7 dry goods stores, 1 hat and shoe store, 1 drug store, 8 mechanics' shops, 1 hotel, 1 carriage factory, 1 wagon and plough factory, 1 tannery, 1 bank with $150,000 capital, 6 lawyers, 5 physicians ; population in 1870, 587, a falling off since 1860 of 75 ; incorporated in 1810. Grundy, 5 miles E. of Som- erset, has a church in the suburbs, 2 hotels, store, grocery, carding factory, shoe shop, and school house; population about 100; in- corporated Feb. 13, 1858 ; named after Hon. Felix Grundy. MIt. Gilead, 10 miles N. w. of Somerset, has a hotel and a store ; popula- tion about 50; incorporated Feb. 26, 1850. Waitsborough, on the Cumberland river, incorporated March 2, 1844, has a ware- house and several residences. The following were incorporated, but have disappointed the " great expectations" formed of their growth : Harrison Feb. 5, 1842, Stylesville Jan. 3, 1852, Char- lottesrille Feb. 17, 1858, Sublimity Feb. 12, 1860, and Woodstock Jan. 17, 1866.


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683


PULASKI COUNTY.


STATISTICS OF PULASKI COUNTY.


When formed. See page 26 | Corn, wheat, hay, tobacco .. pages 266, 268


.p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs .p. 268


Population, from 1800 to 1870 whites and colored. .P. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270


towns .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270


white males over 21 .p. 266 Latitude and longitude. p. 257


children bet. 6 and 20. .p. 266 Distinguished citizens .. See Index.


MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM PULASKI COUNTY.


Senate .- John Griffin, 1808, '14-19, '28-32 ; Thos. Dollerhide, 1819-21 ; John Cowan, 1821-24; Achilles Jasper, 1836-40 : Tunstall Quarles, 1840 ; Fountain T. Fox, 1844-48; Cyrenius Wait, 1848-50, '57-61 ; Berry Smith, 1850 ; Walker W. Haley, 1851-53; Thos. Z. Morrow, 1865-69, resigned 1866, succeeded by John W. F. Parker, 1866-69 ; Wm. McKee Fox, 1869-73. From Pulaski and Wayne counties-John Mc- Henry, 1833-36. From Pulaski and Cumberland-Jesse Richardson, 1800.


House of Representatives .- John James, Sen., 1800, '02; Robert Maderil. 1806 ; Tunstall Quarles, 1811, '12, '28 ; Thos. Dollerhide, 1814, '15, '16, '17, '18; Robert Gilmore, 1816; Jos. Porter, 1817 ; Gideon Prather, 1818, '19; George B. Cooper, 1819, '20, 21 : Chas. Cunningham, 1822; Bourne Goggin, 1824; Chas. M. Cunningham, 1824, '25, '26 ; John Cowan, 1825 ; John Griffin, 1826, '27, '42, '43; John Evans, 1827; John Hill, 1829, '31; Berry Smith, 1830, '40, '41 ; Ephraim C. Faris, 1832 ; Thos. Jasper, 1833, '34, '35 ; Fountain T. Fox, 1836 ; Chas. Jasper, 1837, '38 ; Micajah Sutton, 1839 ; John G. Lair, 1844; Milford Elliott, 1845, '46 : John T. Quarles, 1847, '49 ; Silas D. Woods, 1848; Cyrenius W. Gilmore, 1850; Joel W. Sallee, 1851-53 : John Griffin, Jr., 1853-55, '59-61 ; Andrew J. James, 1855-57; Milton E. Jones, 1857-59 ; Thos. Z. Morrow, 1861-63; M. E. Ingram, 1863-65 ; J. C. Patten, 1865-67 ; Wm. N. Owens, 1867-69 ; Wm. H. Pettus, 1869-71 ; J. E. Cosson, 1871-73. From Pulaski and Wayne, -. McKee, 1801 ; Archibald E. Mills, 1803. From Pulaski-Al- len Jones, 1873-75.


Natural Curiosities .- Upon the line of the proposed Cincinnati Southern railroad, in Pulaski co., 15 miles south of Cumberland river, there is a natural curiosity which rivals in picturesqueness the Natural Bridge in Va. Upon a high bluff is a natural bridge, with a clear span of 100 feet, and 60 feet high. At one end of the bridge, and by a continuation of the same rock, is formed a dome 50 feet deep, and extending, from abutment to abutment, 300 feet. The branches of the tallest trees extend under the edge of this dome, and a person can walk some 50 feet within its roof.


In the eastern part of Pulaski county is a valley known as the Sinking Valley. A stream large enough to turn a mill flows under ground, with oc- casional openings, for 6 or 7 miles. After heavy rains the underground chan- nel is not large enough to carry off the water, and it then flows over the surface.


There are many small caves in the county, but they have not been explored to any great depth.


Antiquities .- Several ancient burying-grounds have been discovered in Pulaski county-from some of which were taken human bones of giant size.


Coal .- There are in Pulaski county at least five beds of coal, two of them workable, in the sub-conglomerate member of the millstone grit formation, 190 to 233 feet thick. One of these beds is 3} feet, including a clay parting and a thin band of sulphuret of iron, together about 3 inches thick. In another place, the main coal vein is 4} feet thick, with the clay parting of 1} feet.


Prof. Jos. Lesley, Jr., in his topographical and geological report of the Eastern Kentucky coal field in 1859, says the main vein will yield well on both sides of the Pitman hills, furnishing a bountiful supply of fuel to the thickly populated region to the west and northwest-which must draw its fuel from this region, as no coal of any account can be found west of Pitman's creek, owing to the rapid rise of all the strata northwestward. This rise or dip is so sudden that in a distance of only two miles, the whole 150 feet of knohstone exposed at Waitsborough goes under water at the mouth of Pit- man's creek ; while the lower portion of the overlying limestone at Pitman's creek forms the top of the high hills between Somerset and Fishing creek.


The principal coal mines, and with iron mines near them, are on both sides of the South fork of Cumberland river, near the mouth of Big Sinking creek ;


684


PULASKI COUNTY.


and on Cumberland and Rockcastle rivers within a few miles of the mouth of the latter.


Salt was manufactured in considerable quantities, in 1846, at Fishing creek salt works, 5 miles from Somerset.


Of Lead Ore some thin veins have been found running through the lime- stone at the base of the Pitman hills.


Iron Ore .- A kind of gravelly iron ore is observed towards the base of the Pitman hills, about 15 feet above the limestone. A rich carbonate of iron occurs on main Big Lick creek, about 90 feet above the limestone and 10 feet above the McKee coal vein-showing itself in kidney-shaped masses weighing 1 to 35 pounds, and embedded in a gray shale stratum 5 feet thick. Analysis showed this to contain 39.638 per cent. of iron, with only 1-10th of 1 per cent. of sulphur-and with sufficient calcareous matter to flux itself. A third ore bed, supposed to be the most productive, lies near the base of the conglomer- ate. There are indications of an earthy iron ore just above the main coal bed-a 9-inch band at the head of No Name branch of Live creek.


Milling Power of the finest kind is furnished by Buck and Pitman's creeks, and flour of superior quality is made at mills established on them about 1855.


Newspapers published in Pulaski county : Somerset Gazette, by John G. Bruce, 1851-60; Somerset Democrat, Barry & Bachelor, 1852-60, but for some years published by R. S. Barron & Co. ; Somerset Morning Herald, by R. S. Barron, 1867-68.


Among the distinguished citizens born in Pulaski county were-Sherrod Williams, for 6 years, 1835-41, a popular member of congress ; Andrew J. James, representative in the legislature, 1855-57, and now, 1872-5, secre- tary of state of Kentucky ; and Dr. Galen E. Bishop, a distinguished physician now resident in St. Joseph, Missouri.


Among the First Settlers were the Prathers, the Jaspers, -. Pitman, John Newby, Thos. Hansford, Wm. Owens, Alex. Mckenzie, Jesse Richardson, Chas. Neal, and John James.


The Battles of Mill Springs and Dutton Hills were fought in this county, and many skirmishes took place-for an account of which see Collins' Annals, ante, and the General Index, post.


Some First Things in Pulaski county .- The first court was held in July, 1799. The first clerk was Win. Fox. The first lawyers, nearly all resident elsewhere, were John L. Bridges, John Boyle, Wm. Logan, Wm. Owsley, Solomon Brents, Micah Taul, Thos. Montgomery, and A. E. Mills-all within the years 1799, 1800, and 1801. The first three indictments by the grand jury were for retailing spirits, profane swearing "by the name of by God," and "gambling for half pint whiskey." The first will probated was John Harper's, in 1803. The first marriage license was to Wm. Wade and Sarah Allen, July 15, 1799.


Indians had made their appearance upon our southeastern frontiers at several different times in the fall and winter of 1786. Some of the hunters had been attacked, and early in February, 1787, a man named Luttrell was killed at his own house on Fishing creek, not far from where Somerset now is, in Pulaski (then a part of Lincoln) county. This last outrage induced Col. John Logan [in 1806, state treasurer of Ky. ], then second in command in Lincoln county, to raise his corps of militia to range on the waters of the Cumberland, and to rendezvous at or near the place where the citizen had been killed, on a branch of Green river. Within a few miles of the place of rendezvous, Col. Logan came upon the trail of the Indians who, it was sup- posed, had committed the murder. He followed and overtook them in the Indian Territory, killed seven, and got possession of the skins, and furs, and horses they had along-among them a valuable mare belonging to Judge Harry Innes, a horse belonging to Mr. Blane, and also a rifle gun known to belong to a man who was murdered in the wilderness, on his way to Ken- tucky, in Oct., 1786 .* Those of this party of Indians who escaped, attempted to avail themselves of the Cherokees with congress in 1785, by complaining to the Indian agent that the people of Kentucky had intruded on their hunt-


* Littell's Narrative, p. 25, and Appendix to same, p. 23.


*


685


PULASKI COUNTY.


ing ground, and murdered some of their peaceable hunters. The agent com- municated this complaint to the executive of Virginia, and the governor thereupon directed the attorney general of the district, Harry Innes, to " in- stitute the proper legal inquiries for vindicating the infraction of the treaty." This vague and indefinite direction the attorney general refused to act under, in a letter stating this and other outrages and murders by the Cherokees ; no further direction was given. The people were conscious of their innocence in all matters relating to the Indians, and extremely exasperated on receiving intelligence of the instructions to prosecute ; as they were directly intended to stigmatize a highly meritorious officer, for doing what the laws of nature and God required of him.


::. ELIJAH DENNY, of Pulaski county, was 118 years old on Sept. 10, 1855, and as active as many men at 40; worked daily on the farm; had been an early riser all his life; never drank but one cup of coffee, and that was in 1848. He served seven years in the war of the Revolution; was wounded at the siege of Charleston; was also at the siege of Savannah, and in the battles of. Eutaw Springs, Camden, King's Mountain, and Monk's Corner; served under Colonels Peter Horrey and Francis Marion, and was an eye- ·witness of the sufferings and death of Col. Isaac Hayne, of South Carolina, an early victim of the Revolution. At that great age he was sprightly and active, and appeared to be a man of only middle age ; was a strict member of the Baptist church, and rode 6 miles to every regular church meeting. He had 4 sons and 5 daughters, all living in 1855-the eldest in his 78th year and youngest son 51. He was probably the last surviving soldier of those great partisan leaders, Marion, Sumter, and Horrey.


In the month of December, 1786, a body of Indians defeated a small party of whites, at the mouth of Buck creek, under the command of Captain Hargrove. The Indians made their attack in the night, killed one man, and severely woun- ded Hargrove. An Indian, who had probably fired his rifle, made an onset on Captain Hargrove with his tomahawk, and a fierce encounter ensued. Each party exerted himself to the utmost. Hargrove finally succeeded in wresting the tomahawk from the hand of the Indian, and bore it off.


In May, 1788, a party of southern Indians stole some horses near the Crab Orchard. Nathan McClure, lieutenant to Captain Whitley, with a portion of his company, pursued the trail to the ridge between Rockcastle and Buck creek. Here he incidentally fell in with another party, and a fierce skirmish ensued. After several discharges of their guns, both parties precipitately retreated-but not until after Lieutenant McClure was mortally, and several of his men, slightly wounded. The loss on the part of the Indians was not ascertained. McClure died the succeeding night in a cave, where, at his own instance, he had been left-and on the next day, when a party came for him, his remains were found shockingly mangled and torn by wild beasts. He was an active officer, and his loss was deeply deplored.


This county was named in honor of Count JOSEPH PULASKI, a distinguished Pole, who after in vain attempting to restore the independence of his own coun- try, entered the American service. Pulaski had followed the profession of the law, and in 1768 was at the head of the patriots who formed the confederation of Bar. Eight noblemen only constituted the first assembly of that confede- ration; and of these, three were the sons and one the nephew of Pulaski. In 1771, at the head of a few accomplices, he seized the person of the king, but the latter having procured his liberation, Pulaski was condemned to death, and obli- ged to save himself by flight. He soon after came to America, and offered his services to the United States against the mother country. Being appointed briga- dier general in the American service, he served both in the northern and in the southern army. October 9, 1779, he was mortally wounded in the attack on Sa- vannah, and died two days afterwards.


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686


ROBERTSON COUNTY.


ROBERTSON COUNTY.


ROBERTSON county, established in 1867, out of fractions of four counties, Nicholas, Harrison, Bracken, and Mason, was named after ex-Chief Justice George Robertson, and was the 111th formed in the state. It is situated in the N. E. middle section, and is bounded N. by Bracken and Mason counties, E. by Mason and Fleming, s. by Nicholas, and w. by Harrison. The princi- pal streams are the Licking river, which is the boundary line from the Lower Blue Lick Springs to the Brooksville and Claysville turnpike, opposite the town of Claysville ; North fork of Licking river, which is part of its N. boundary ; and Shannon, Johnson's fork, Clay's, Cedar, West, Helm's, Painter, and Fire Lick creeks, and Drift run. The surface of the county is hilly, but the land can all be cultivated. The soil is tolerably good, some of it ex- cellent and admirably adapted to raising tobacco. The timber is mostly oak, but with poplar, sugar tree, beech, hickory, and walnut intermingled. The productions and exports'are tobacco, corn, oats, wheat, rye, and live stock.


Towns .- Mt. Olivet, the county seat, has a new court house and jail, 4 churches (Methodist E., Methodist E. South, Reformed or Christian, and Baptist), Masonic hall, high school, 7 lawyers, 3 doctors, 5 dry goods stores, drug store, 2 groceries, 2 hotels, several mechanics' shops, and 4 tobacco-prizing houses ; incorpo- rated Dec. 27, 1851 ; population in 1870, 254, and growing steadily. Kentontown, 6 miles from the county seat, was established by law in Dec., 1795, " on the lands of John Kenton, on the waters of Licking, near the mouth of Cedar creek," and then called Newtown; it was afterwards changed, in honor of John Kenton's brother Simon, the great pioneer; it has 1 church (Reformed or Christian), 2 stores, 2 leaf-tobacco houses, and 41 inhabitants. Bridgeville is on the North Fork, on the road from the county seat to Germantown. Pinhook, in the northern por- tion of the county, has a steam mill, and a house for prizing leaf tobacco. Four towns are either on or just by the county line- Sardis, Mason county, 53 miles by turnpike from Mt. Olivet, Lower Blue Licks, Nicholas county, Claystille, Harrison county, and Santa Fe, Bracken county.


STATISTICS OF ROBERTSON COUNTY.


When formed. See page 26 | Hay, corn, wheat, tobacco ... pages 266, 268 Population, in 1870 ..


... p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, and hogs ...... p. 268


whites and colored ... p. 260 Taxable property, in 1870 .. .p. 270


towns .. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270


16 white males over 21 .p. 266 Latitude and longitude. .p. 257


children bet, 6 and 20 ..... p. 266


Distinguished citizens. .see Index.


MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM ROBERTSON COUNTY.


.Senate .- None resident in the county ..


House of Representatives .- Wm. Vaughan Prather, 1869-71; W. A. Morris, '73-75.


The First County Judge was Duncan Harding; the first county clerk, Wal- ter M. Chandler; the first circuit clerk, Thos. Owens ; the first sheriff, Henry


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687


ROBERTSON COUNTY.


L. Wilson. The first circuit court was held by Judge Joseph Doniphan, Jan., 1868; the first criminal court, by Judge Wm. E. Arthur, July, 1868.


There are 14 Churches in Robertson county. Besides those above named, are 6 Reformed or Christian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist E. South, and 1 Meth- odist Episcopal.


The only brick building in Robertson county is the court house.


A Centenarian .- Mrs. Elizabeth Dixon, nee Ingles, born in Maryland, June 5, 1767, and removed to Kentucky in 1802, was living near Kentontown in Dec., 1872, aged 105 years. She was blind, but her mental faculties were unimpaired. Of 8 children then living, the oldest was 87 and youngest 60 .-


Thomas Jett, aged 90, and his wife nearly 80-still living, in April, 1872, on the North Fork-had never been on board a steamboat or a rail car, nor ever sick enough to require a physician. Of 21 children, 19 were then living, all comfortably settled in life. Their descendants then numbered 375.


Ex-Chief Justice GEORGE ROBERTSON, in honor of whom this county was named, was born Nov. 18, 1790, in Mercer county, Ky. His father, Alex- ander Robertson, who was born in Augusta county, Va., about a mile from Staunton, Nov. 22, 1748, was the son of James Robertson-who, with his own father of the same name, emigrated about 1737 to America from the neigh- borhood of Coleraine, in the north of Ireland. They were a portion of the colony that settled on Burden's grant, in the then Trans-Allegheny wilderness of Virginia. Alex. Robertson was a near relative of Wm. Robertson, the cele- brated historian, whose nephew, John Henry, was the father of Patrick Henry.


On August 18, 1773, he was married to Margaret Robinson, at the residence of Col. John Howard (father of Gov. Benjamin Howard, of Mo.), in Bedford county, Va. He was a man of strong mind, sterling moral qualities, and popular with his fellow citizens ; was elected a member of the Virginia Federal Convention, at Richmond, June, 1788, and also elected a member of the Virginia legislature, the ensuing winter. With his family he emigrated to Kentucky, at Gordon's station, Dec. 24, 1779, during the hard winter. Near this spot, at Harlan's spring, the head of Cane Run, he built "the first fine house in Kentucky," and permanently located. In 1792, he was elected by the people the first sheriff of Mercer county. He died in 1802.


Margaret Robinson, the mother of George Robertson, was born April 13, 1755, on the Roanoke river, in what was then Fincastle, afterwards Bottetourt, and now Montgomery county, Va. She was a woman of extraordinary in- tellect and most exemplary character, illustrating in practical life all the social and christian virtues. She died at the residence of her son-in-law, Ex- Gov. Robert P. Letcher, in Frankfort, June 13, 1846, in her 92d year.


George Robertson, after attaining a good elementary education in the English branches, was sent, Aug., 1804, to Joshua Fry (then teaching on his farm five miles west of Danville, once owned and occupied by Col. George Nicholas) to learn Latin, French, and mathematics. From this he entered Transylvania, remaining until 1806 ; then spent four months in Rev. Samuel Finley's classical school at Lancaster, Ky., for six months more being his assistant in teaching. In the spring of 1808 he went to Frankfort to study law under Gen. Martin D. Hardin, but was disappointed; returned to Lan- caster, and, under the direction of his brother-in-law, Samuel MeKee, then a member of congress, studied law until Sept., 1809, when Judges Boyle and Wallace granted him license to practice.


In Nov., 1809, when only a few days over 19 years of age, he married Eleanor Bainbridge, who was less than 16, a daughter of Dr. Bainbridge, of Lancaster. The young couple set up for themselves in a small buckeye house with only two rooms, respecting which this remarkable coincidence of suc- cessive events is related with pride: Judge John Boyle had begun house- keeping in the same house, and while occupying it was elected to congress, 1803-09; Samuel MeKee began housekeeping in the same house, and suc- ceeded Boyle in congress, 1809-17; George Robertson commenced honse. keeping in the same house, and succeeded Mr. MeKee in congress, 1817-21; Robert P. Letcher commenced housekeeping in the same house, and after an interval of two years succeed Robertson in congress, 1823-33. But for


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688


ROBERTSON COUNTY.


Robertson's resignation of the last term for which he was elected, 1821-23, there would have been no intermission. Thus, four young men in succession began housekeeping in this unpretentious buckeye log cottage, and represented that district in congress for thirty years, with the single intermission of two years. In addition to this, two of them held the chief-justiceship of Ken- tucky for over 31 years-Judge Boyle from March 20, 1810, to Jan. 5, 1827 (17 years), and Judge Robertson from Dec. 24, 1829, to April 7, 1843, and again from Sept., 1870, to Sept., 1871 (over 14 years) ; and a third, Mr. Letch- er, was governor for four years, 1840-44. Nor were these all the honors most worthily conferred upon these four men (see their names, in the Index).


After about two years, Mr. Robertson built up a fine practice, and in 1816, when only 26, was elected to congress against formidable opposition. He was twice re-elected without opposition; but did not serve out his last term, having resigned his seat in 1821. He soon acquired distinction in congress ; was chairman of the land committee, and a member of the judici- ary and internal improvement committees ; and drew and introduced the bill to establish a territorial government in Arkansas. To that bill John W. Taylor, of New York, offered an amendment interdicting slavery-which was elaborately discussed and produced great excitement. The restriction was carried by one vote ; a re-consideration had, and the bill finally passed, divested of the restriction, by the casting vote of the speaker, Henry Clay. Mr. Robertson (see his speech, re-published in his " Scrap Book") with almost prophetic vision, predicted the evil consequences which have arisen from the agitation of that subject. That discussion led, the next year, to the adoption of the Missouri Compromise, the policy and constitutionality of which he vin- dicated with great power in a series of letters addressed to the National Intel- ligencer, after the decision in the Dred Scott case, and in which he showed the disturbing and disunion consequences which followed its repeal.




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