USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 23
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The other towns are: Whitesville, 15 miles from Owensboro, population in 1870, 257 ; Yelvington, 11 miles N. E. ; Knottsville, 13 miles E. ; Oakford, 5 miles; Masonville, 8 miles; Sorghotown, 8 miles; West Louisville, 10 miles ; Pleasant Ridge, 18 miles ; Birl: City, on Green river, 8 miles ; and Curdsville, on Green river, 10 miles from Owensboro.
STATISTICS OF DAVIESS COUNTY.
When formed See page 26 | Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat .... ... pp. 266, 268 Population, from 1820 to 1870 ... p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs .p. 268
.. whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, in 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270 towns. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value of .... p. 270 Latitude and longitude ... p. 257
white males over 21. .p. 266
children bet. 6 and 20 yrs. p. 266
Distinguished citizens ........ ..... see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM DAVIESS COUNTY, SINCE 1845.
Senate .- Geo. W. Triplett, 1849 ; Camden Riley, 1850 ; John G. McFarland, 1951- 53; John S. McFarland, 1853-57; A. D. Cosby. 1857-61; Wm. Anthony, 1861-65 ; Edwin Hawes, 1869-73; Geo. W. Swope, 1873-77. [ See paye 000.]
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DAVIESS COUNTY.
House of Representatives .- Camden Riley, 1845 ; John P. Devereaux, 1846 : Finley W. Wall, 1847 ; John H. McFarland, 1848 ; Ben. Johnson, 1849 ; John S. McFarland, 1850-51 ; A. D. Cosby, 1851-53 ; Daniel M. Griffith, 1853-55 ; Andrew Jones, 1855-57 ; Francis M. Bailey, 1857-59; John G. McFarland, 1859-61 ; Geo. H. Yeaman, 1861-63, resigned 1862, and succeeded by John S. McFarland, 1862-65; Josiah Veech, 1865- 67 ; John Wesley Mosely, 1867-69 ; Clinton Griffith, 1869-73; Ben. Stout, 1873 -- 75.
Residences .- In and near Owensboro are some of the most beautiful and tasteful residences in the state. That of James Weir, president of the Owens- boro and Russellville railroad. on a gentle knoll south of the city, is one of the most magnificently frescoed buildings on the American continent-done, at a cost of over $12,000, by an ex-officer of the Confederate army, of foreign birth and education, who is at once artist and scholar; the elegant historic paintings on the ceiling of the library, in their groupings and combinations, are a constant source of study and pleasure.
Springs .- There are several medicinal springs in the county ; the most popular, the tar and sulphur springs in the neighborhood of the "Old Vernon settlements " on Green river.
Coal .- The Bon Harbor coal mines, 3 miles below Owensboro, were opened about 1825, and have been extensively worked ; the coal of good quality, and the seams averaging 5 feet in thickness. The Wolf Hill coal, 10 miles s. E. of Owensboro, has been tested, and leaves less than 2 per cent of ashes. Coal is found all over the county.
Iron Ore is found, but not in workable quantity and richness.
Salt .- From the borings made over 15 years ago, there is but little doubt that an abundant supply of excellent salt water can be obtained at a depth of 500 to 700 feet.
Of blue Potter's Clay, a bed or vein, 10 to 14 feet thick, and 10 to 15 feet below the top of the bank, extends from 3 miles above to 2 miles below Owens- boro; and a short distance s. of the city is a bed of white clay.
Indian Generosity .- In 1784 or '85, among a party which embarked at the Falls of the Ohio to descend the river, was Andrew Rowan. While the boat stopped at the Yellow Banks, on the Indian side, Mr. Rowan borrowed a loaded gun, but no ammunition, and started off in pursuit of amusement rather than game. When he returned, the boat had gone ; the party having seen signs of Indians approach ing, and not daring to wait for Mr. Rowan, hastened off down stream. Mr. R. started towards the nearest white settle- ment-Vincennes, 100 miles distant-but soon lost his way, wandered about for three days, and, exhausted, laid down to die. Roused by the report of a gun, he rose and walked in the direction of the sound. An Indian, secing him, raised his gun to fire; Rowan turned the butt of his gun, and the Indian, with French politeness, turned the butt of his also. Taking pity upon Rowan's helpless condition, the Indian led him to his wigwam, and treated him with great hospitality until his strength was regained ; then took him to Vincennes. Wishing to reward his generosity, Mr. Rowan arranged with a merchant to pay him $300; but the Indian persistently refused to receive a farthing. He, finally, to please Mr. Rowan, accepted a new blanket; and wrapping it around him said, with some feeling, " When I wrap myself in it, I will think of you !"
Owensboro, in 1812, had one small store and a log house.
The First Circuit Court was held by Judge Broadnax. The presiding judges of the county court have been: Thos. W. Watkins, 1851-54; Geo. HI. Yea- man, 1854-58; Albert G. Botts, 1858-66; Geo. W. Triplett, 1866-74.
Capital cases .- But two cases of hanging have occurred in the history of the county : A negro man for rape, in 1838; and on Nov. 1, 1854, Curtis Richardson for murder.
In 1857, Judge Levi L. Todd, of Indiana, who early in life was the pupil and friend of the great Jos. Hamilton Daveiss, and who had owned for many years the sword of Col. D., worn by him when he was killed on the bloody field of Tippecanoe, Sept. 7, 1811, presented the sword to the Grand Lodge of Masons of Kentucky, of which Col. Daveiss at the time of his death was Grand-master. The reception address was by Hon. Chas. G. Wintersmith. The presentation ceremony was one of the most interesting incidents in the history of Masonry in Kentucky.
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THOMAS C. MCCREERY, of Owensboro, was born in Ky., 1817; was a stu- dent at Centre College, Danville, Ky .; studied law, but turned his attention to agricultural pursuits ; was a candidate for presidential elector in 1852, and defeated; but in 1860, was elected, and voted for Breckinridge and Lane ; was elected U. S. senator, Feb., 1868, as a Democrat, vice James Guthrie, resigned, and served until March 4, 1871 (see Collins' Annals, p. 186); and again elected, Dec. 19, 1871 (see same, p. 221), for six years from March 4, 1873 to 1879. He is an elegant, forcible, and popular speaker.
JAMES WEIR (see engraved group of Kentucky Railroad Presidents) was born at Greenville, Ky., June 21, 1821; graduated at Centre College, Dan- ville, 1840, and at the Transylvania law school, Lexington; entered upon a successful practice of the law, at Owensboro, where he still lives (1873) ; has never engaged in politics, and never ran for office. About 1849-50, he wrote three novels ("Lonz Powers, or the Regulators," " Simon Kenton," and " Winter Lodge,") which, abounding in beautiful and thrilling passages, attracted considerable attention in their day ; they were published in Phila- delphia, and the scenes located in the early West. In 1869, at its organi- zation, Mr. Weir was elected president of the Owensboro and Russellville railroad-which (in March, 1873) was running regular trains to Stroud City, Muhlenburg co., 36 miles; had the grading nearly completed to the Tennessee state line, at Adairville, Logan co., 86 miles; and was confident of extension, in 1874, to Nashville, Tenn., 120 miles-forming part of a great through route from that city to St. Louis, Chicago, and Cincinnati.
Colonel JOSEPH HAMILTON DAVEISS, (for whom this county was named, ) was the son of Joseph and Jean Daveiss, and was born in Bedford county, Virginia, on the 4th of March, 1774. The parents of Mr. Daveiss, were both natives of Virginia; but his father was of Irish, his mother of Scotch descent; and the marked peculiarities of each of those races were strongly developed in the character of their son. The hardy self-reliance, the indomitable energy, and im- perturbable coolness, which have from earliest time distinguished the Scotch, were his ; while the warm heart, free and open hand, and ready springing tear of sen- sibility, told in language plainer than words, that the blood of Erin flowed fresh in his veins. When young Daveiss was five years old, his parents removed to Kentucky, then an almost unbroken wilderness, and settled in the then county of Lincoln, in the immediate vicinity of the present town of Danville. An incident which attended their journey to Kentucky, although trifling in itself, may be re- lated, as exhibiting in a very striking light the character of the inother, to whose forming influence was committed the subject of this notice. In crossing the Cumberland river, Mrs. Daveiss was thrown from her horse, and had her arm broken. The party only halted long enough to have the limb bound up, with what rude skill the men of the company possessed ; and pursued their route, she riding a spirited horse and carrying her child, and never ceasing her exertions to promote the comforts of her companions when they stopped for rest and refresh- ment. .. The parents of young Daveiss, in common with the very early settlers of Kentucky, had many difficulties to encounter in raising their youthful family, es- pecially in the want of schools to which children could be sent to obtain the ru- diments of an English education. It was several years after their settlement in Kentucky, before the subject of this sketch enjoyed even the advantages of a common country school. Previous to this time, however, his mother had bes- towed considerable attention in the education of her sons, by communicating such information as she herself possessed. At the age of eleven or twelve, he was sent to a grammar school taught by a Mr. Worley, where he continued for about two years, learned the Latin language, and made considerable progress in his English education. He subsequently attended a graminar school taught by a Dr. Brooks, at which he remained a year, making considerable advances in a knowledge of the Greek language. At school he evinced unusual capacity, being always at the head of his class. He was particularly remarkable for his talent for declamation and public speaking, and his parents felt a natural anxiety to give him as many advantages as their limited resources would permit. There being at that time no college in the country, he was placed under the charge of a Dr. Culbertson. where he completed his knowledge of the Greek tongue. At
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DAVEISS COUNTY.
this time, the sudden death of a brother and sister occasioned his being recalled from school, and he returned home to assist his father in the labors of the farm. There is a tradition that young Daveiss was not particularly distinguished by his devotion to agricultural pursuits, frequently permitting the horses of his plough to graze at leisure, in a most unfarmerlike way, while he, stretched supinely on his back on some luxurious log, indulged in those delicious dreams and reveries so sweet to young and aspiring ambition.
In the autumn of 1792, Major Adair, under government orders, raised some companies of mounted inen, to guard the transportation of provisions to the forts north of the Ohio river, and Daveiss, then in his 18th year, volunteered in the service, which it was understood would be from three to six months duration. Nothing of particular interest occurred in the course of this service, except on one occasion, when Major Adair had encamped near fort St. Clair, Here he was surprised, early in the morning, by a large body of Indians, who, rushing into the camp just after the sentinels had been withdrawn from their posts, killed and wounded fourteen or fifteen of the men, and captured and carried away about two hundred head of horses. These were taken within the Indian lines and tied. After the whites had sought shelter in the neighborhood of the fort, young Da- weiss, discovering his own horse at some distance hitched to a tree, resolved to have him at all hazards. He accordingly ran and cut him loose, and led him back to his companions amid a shower of balls. This exploit nearly cost him his life; a ball passing through his coat, waistcoat, and cutting off a small piece of his shirt. He, however, saved his horse, which was the only one retaken out of the two hundred.
When his term of service expired, he returned home, and spent some time in reviewing his classical studies. He ultimately concluded to study law, and ac- cordingly entered the office of the celebrated George Nicholas, then the first law- yer in Kentucky. Daveiss entered a class of students consisting of Isham Talbott, Jesse Bledsoe, William Garrard, Felix Grundy, William B. Blackburn, John Pope, William Stuart, and Thomas Dye Owings, all of whom were subsequently distinguished at the bar and in the public history of the country. Nicholas was very profoundly impressed with the striking indications of genius of a high order, manifested by Daveiss while under his roof; and so high an opinion did he form of the power of his character and the firmness of his principles, that at his death, which occurred but a few years after. he appointed him one of his executors. He was a most laborious and indefatigable student; he accustomed himself to take his repose upon a hard bed ; was fond of exercise in the open air, habituating himself to walking several hours in each day ; he was accustomed in the days when he was a student, to retire to the woods with his books, and pursue his studies in some remote secluded spot, secure from the annoyance and interruption of society. In connection with his legal studies, he read history and miscella- neous literature, so that when he came to the bar, his mind was richly stored with various and profound knowledge, imparting a fertility and affluence to his resources, from which his powerful and well trained intellect drew inexhaustible supplies. He commenced the practice of the law in June, 1795; in August he was qualified as an attorney in the court of appeals ; and in his first cause had for an antagonist his old preceptor, over whom he enjoyed the singular gratifica- tion of obtaining a signal triumph.
At the session of 1795-6, the legislature passed a law establishing district courts. One of these courts was located at Danville, one at Lexington, and one at Bardstown. Daveiss settled at Danville, and soon commanded a splendid busi- ness, not only in that, but in all the courts in which he practiced. He continued to reside in Danville until the abolition of the district courts, and the substitution of circuit courts in their place. He then removed to Frankfort, to be enabled more conveniently to attend the court of appeals and the federal court, having been appointed United States' attorney for the State of Kentucky. In the year 1801 or '2, he went to Washington city, being the first western lawyer who ever appeared in the supreme court of the United States. He here argued the cele- brated cause of Wilson rs. Mason. His speech is said to have excited the high- est admiration of the bench and bar, and placed him at once in the foremost rank of the profession. During this trip he visited the principal cities of the north and east, and formed an acquaintance with many of the most distinguished men
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of America, with several of whom he continued to correspond until the period of his death. In 1803, he was united in marriage to Anne Marshall, the sister of the chief justice of the United States. After he had resided in Frankfort a few years, he removed to Owensboro, Daveiss county, to be able to attend more closely to the interests of a large property he had acquired in that region. In 1809, he removed to Lexington, and resumed the practice of the law. During the short period of two years previous to his death, there was hardly a cause of importance litigated in the courts where he practiced. that he was not engaged on one side or the other. We should have noticed before, his prosecution of Aaron Burr for treason, whilst acting as attorney for the United States. He had noticed the movements of this person for some time before he commenced a prosecution, and became satisfied from his observations that he had some unlawful design in view: and, considering it to be his duty to arrest his movements, he caused him to be apprehended and brought before the court; but, from a failure of evidence, the prosecution was ultimately abandoned.
In the fall of 1811, Colonel Daveiss joined the army of General Harrison, in the campaign against the Indians on the Wabash. He received the command of major, the duties of which station he discharged promptly, and to the entire satis- faction of his superior officer. On the 7th of November, 1811, in the celebrated battle of Tippecanoe, he fell in a charge against the Indians, made at his own so- licitation. He survived from 5 o'clock in the morning until midnight, retaining to the last the full command of all his faculties.
Colone Daveiss was near six feet high, with an athletic and vigorous form, combining with his high intellectual endowments, a remarkably command- ing and impressive personal appearance. His bearing was grave and dignified. llis manner bland and courteous to those he loved, but haughty and repulsive in the extreme to those he disliked. . As an orator, he had few equals and no superiors. The late Judge Boyle, the Hon. John Pope, and the Hon. Samuel M'Kee, all competent judges, and associates of Daveiss at the bar, fre- quently declared that he was the most impressive speaker they ever heard. Asa colloquialist, he was unequalled, and the life of every circle in which he was thrown. His death occasioned a shock in the public mind throughout the State.
EDMONSON COUNTY.
EDMONSON county, the 79th in the order of erection, was formed in 1825, out of parts of Warren, Hart, and Grayson, and named in honor of Capt. John Edmonson. It lies on both sides of Green river ; and is bounded N. by Grayson, E. by Hart and Barren, s. by Warren, and w. by Warren and Butler counties. The land is generally undulating, and in some places quite hilly. There are several sulphur springs in the county, with ores of various kinds, and an inexhaustible supply of coal.
Brownsville, the county seat, 130 miles from Frankfort, was established in 1828, and named in honor of Gen. Jacob Brown ; it contains the usual county buildings, 2 churches, an academy, 2 taverns, 3 stores, and 9 mechanics' shops ; population about 200.
STATISTICS OF EDMONSON COUNTY.
When formed See page 26 | Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat ... pages 266, 268
Population, from 1830 to 1870 .p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs ... page 268
whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, in 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270
towns .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value of .... p. 270
" white males over 21 .. p. 266 Latitude and longitude ... ... p. 257
children bet. 6 and 20 yrs. p. 266
Distinguished citizens .see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM EDMONSON COUNTY, SINCE 1841. Senate .- P. F. Edwards, 1873-75.
[ See page 000.]
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EDMONSON COUNTY.
House of Representatives .-- From Butler and Edmonson counties-Wm. N. Wand, 1841; Jas. Oller, 1542; Lot W. Moore, 1844, '46 ; Asa B. Gardner, 1845 : Nelson Harreld, 1848; Wm. R. Dunn, 1849; David Elms, 1851-53; Richard S. Thornton, 1855-57. From Edmonson county-Samuel Woosley, 1843, '47, '53-55 ; John H. Woosley, 1857-59 ; Jos. Hill, 1859-61; Larkin J. Procter, 1861-63; L. M. Haslip, 1866-67 ; Mason Morris, 1869-71 ; Wm. L. Haslip, 1873-75.
The Indian Hill lies one mile from Brownsville-is circular at its base, and one mile in circumference-its altitude 84 feet, and, except on one side, which is easy of ascent on foot, perpendicular. The remains of a fortifica- tion are seen around the brow, and a number of monnds and burial places are scattered over the area. A spring of fine water issues from the rock near the surface.
Dismal Rock is a perpendicular rock on Dismal creek, 163 feet high.
The celebrated Mammoth Care-the largest in the world, and perhaps the* greatest natural wonder-is situated in Edmonson county. In no other place has nature exhibited her varied powers on a more imposing scale of grandeur and magnificence. From a letter written in July, 1841, and from other sources, we condense the following information :
The cave is most accessible to visitors from two points, being 7 miles from Glasgow Junction, and 9 miles from Cave City-stations on the Louisville and Nashville railroad, respectively 91 and 85 miles from Louisville, and 94 and 100 miles from Nashville. Green river is distant from the cave only half a mile.
The cave abounds in minerals-such as the sulphate of lime, or gypsum, epsom and glauber salts, nitrous earth, sand, flint, pebbles, red and gray ochre, calcareous spar, chalcedony, crystallized carbonate of lime, polite, crystals of quartz, etc.
From a sketch in 1844 by Rev. Robert Davidson, D.D. (for several years president of Transylvania University ) and from other sources, we have pre- pared the following-the most complete and accurate description of this sub- terranean palace which we have seen. It gives the reader a very vivid conception of that amazing profusion of grand, solemn. picturesque and roman- tic scenery, which impresses every beholder with astonishment and awe, and attracts to this cave crowds of visitors from every quarter of the world.
The cave is about two hundred yards from the hotel. and is approached through a romantic and beautiful dell, shaded by a forest of trees and grape-vines. Pass- ing by the ruins of some old salt-petre furnaces, and large mounds of ashes, and turning abruptly to the right, the visitor is suddenly startled by a rush of cold air, and beholds before him the yawning mouth of the great cavern, dismal, dark and dreary. Descend some thirty feet. by rude steps of stone, and you are fairly un- der the arch of this " nether world." Before you, in looking towards the entrance, is seen a small stream of water, falling from the face of the rock, upon the ruins below, and disappearing in a deep pit; behind you, all is gloom and darkness. Proceeding onward about one hundred feet, the progress of the explorer is arrested by a door, set in a rough stone wall, which stretches across and completely blocks up the entrance to the cave. Passing through this door, you soon enter a narrow passage, faced on the left by a wall, built by the miners to confine the loose stones thrown up in the course of their labors, and descending gradually a short distance along this passage, you arrive at the great vestibule or ante-chamber of the cave. This is a hall of an oval shape, two hundred feet in length by one hundred and fifty wide, with a roof as flat and level as if finished by the trowel, and from fifty to sixty feet high. Two passages, each a hundred feet in width. open into it at its opposite extremities, but at right angles to each other ; and as they run in a straight course for five or six hundred feet, with the same flat roof common to each, the appearance presented to the eye is that of a vast hall in the shape of the letter I., expanded at the angle, both branches being five hundred feet long by one hundred wide. The passage to the right hand is "Audubon Avenue." That in the front, the beginning of the grand gallery or the main cavern itself. The entire extent of this prodigious space is covered by a single rock, in which the eye car.
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THE MAMMOTH CAVE.
detect no break or interruption, save at its borders, which are surrounded by a broad sweeping cornice, traced in horizontal panel work, exceedingly noble and regular. Not a single pier or pillar of any kind contributes to support it. It needs no support ; but is
" By its own weight made steadfast and immoveable."
At à very remote period, this chamber seems to have been used as a cemetery ; and there have been disinterred many skeletons of gigantic dimensions, belonging to a race of people long since vanished from the earth. Such is the vestibule of the Mammoth cave. The walls of this chamber are so dark that they reflect not one single ray of light from the dim torches. Around you is an impenetrable wall of darkness, which the eye vainly seeks to pierce, and a canopy of darkness, black and rayless, spreads above you. By the aid, however, of a fire or two which the guides kindle from the remains of some old wooden ruins, you begin to acquire a better conception of the scene around you. Far up, a hundred feet above your head, you catch a fitful glimpse of a dark gray ceiling, rolling dimly away like a cloud, and heavy buttresses, apparently bending under the superincumbent weight, project their enormous masses from the shadowy wall. The scene is vast, and solemn and awful. A profound silence, gloomy, still and breathless, reigns unbroken by even a sigh of air, or the echo of a drop of water falling from the roof. You can hear the throbbings of your heart, and the mind is oppressed with a sense of vastness, and solitude, and grandeur indescribable.
Leaving this ante-chamber by an opening on the right, the visitor enters Au- dubon avenue, which is a chamber more than a mile long, fifty or sixty feet wide, and as many high. The roof or ceiling of this apartment, exhibits the appearance of floating clouds. Near the termination of this avenue, a natural well twenty- five feet deep, and containing the purest water, has been within the last few years discovered. It is surrounded by stalagmite columns, extending from the floor to the roof, upon the incrustation of which, when lights are suspended, the reflection from the water below and the various objects above and around, gives to the whole scene an appearance most romantic and picturesque. This spot, however, being difficult of access, is but seldom visited. The Little Bat room cave-a branch of Audubon avenue, is on the left as you advance, and not more than three hundred yards from the great vestibule. It is a little over a quarter of a mile in length, and is chiefly remarkable for its pit of two hundred and eighty feet in depth ; and as being the resort, in winter, of immense numbers of bats. During this season of the year, tens of thousands of these are seen hanging from the walls, in apparently a torpid state, but no sooner does spring open than they disappear.
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