USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 90
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* Mrs. Jane Allen Stuart, née McClure, Owensboro, Ky., when aged 87, in June, 1871. She was born Sept. 5, 1783, in a stockade on Logan's creek, 2 miles from Logan's station, and 212 miles from Stanford, Lincoln county.
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COURT HOUSE AND CITY HALL, MAYSVILLE, KY.
OV KY 1986.
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MASON COUNTY.
Simon Kenton, the most universally active, enterprising, and useful of the pioneers of Kentucky who entered from the northern border-as Daniel Boone was of those who came by Cumberland Gap-had been the first (in 1775) to take planting possession of the soil of Mason county. So now he was the first (in 1784) to erect a station and take permanent possession. At Drennon's spring, on one of the forks of Lawrence creek-about 3 miles from Maysville and 1 mile from Washington, on the farm for many years owned by the late Thos. Forman, but in 1873 owned by Dr. Alex. K. Marshall-he built a station for protection and defence. He did not select it as a town site ; and so, unlike Boone, was not mortified that it did not grow to be a town. It was simply Kenton's station; until the erection of another station, in the spring of 1786, by his brother John, nearly 2 miles distant and 1 mile s. w. of Washington, made it necessary to distinguish them apart by applying the first names of the brothers.
The Stations in Mason county, once begun, multiplied rapidly. Their names, locations, and dates of settlement-as far as ascertained from the depositions of the old settlers and otherwise-were : 1. Simon Kenton's, described above. 2. Limestone (or Maysville), which was first settled in 1784, and a double log cabin and block-house built by Edward Waller, John Waller, and George Lewis, of Virginia. 3. John Kenton's, described above. 4. Washington, some- times called Fox's station, 33 miles s. w. of Maysville-laid out in 1786 as a town, by Rev. Wm. Wood and Arthur Fox, Sen. 5. Mefford's, 23 miles s. of Maysville, on the farm now owned by Jos. J. Mefford, a quarter of a mile from his residence, and near the line of the Blanchard farm; an old cedar still marks the spot; settled by Geo. Mefford, 1787. 6. Mc Kinley's block-house, on the old buffalo trace s. of Washington, where David Hunter now lives ; built by James McKinley in 1785. 7. Waring's, about half a mile from Mef- ford's, and 12 miles w. of s. from Maysville, a short distance w. of the Lex- ington turnpike, on the farm owned for many years by the late Col. James Byers; settled in 1785 by Col. Thos. Waring. 8. Lee's, over 2 miles E. of s. from Maysville, 100 yards from the present residence of Mrs. Edward P. Lee ; settled by Gen. Henry Lee. 9. Bailey's, 23 miles s. of Maysville, and 1 mile from Washington ; settled in 1791. 10. Curtis', about 2 miles s. w. of Wash- ington, on the farm now owned by Dr. Henry Morgan. 11. Whaley's, in the same neighborhood. 12. Bosley's, 2 mile above the main fork of Wells' creek, near Washington ; settled before 1793. 13. Byne's, on the North Fork ; settled by Edmund Byne. 14. Clark's, on the North Fork, where Lewisburg now is, 7 miles from Maysville ; settled by Gco. Clark in 1787, but abandoned. 15. Lewis', same as Clark's; resettled by Geo. Lewis in 1789. 16. Strode's, sometimes called Stroud's, on the North Fork, at the mouth of Strode's run ; settled in 1785 by Samuel Strode. 17. Feagan's, 13 or 2 miles E. of German- town; settled by Daniel Feagan. 18. May's Lick, at the spring in the edge of the present town of Mayslick.
Col. Daniel Boone, on two occasions, Sept. 28, 1795, and July 3, 1797, de- posed that having made his escape from captivity among the Indians, on June 19, 1778, he reached on his way home this spot-a large open space of ground at a buffalo road and the forks of three branches of the waters of Johnson's fork-where " he roasted some meat, and got some drink near the mouth of the branches." He entered the land around it for James Peek, on the commissioners' books, Jan. 11, 1780.
The Old Wagon- Road from Limestone to Lexington was frequently spoken of in 1784-5 as " Smith's wagon-road," because in the summer of 1783, or earlier, one Smith, of Lexington, was the first that traveled it with a wagon.
Early Settlers of Mason county .- Simon Kenton's station, 3 miles s. w. of Maysville and I mile N. of Washington, although the spot was occupied by Kenton as a camp in 1775 and 1776, was not erected into a station until July, 1784. Capt. John Waller (who, a few months later, assisted in building the block-house at Maysville ) was one, and the only one whose name is preserved, of those who assisted Kenton " in forming a settlement and building a block- house at the spring then called Drennon's spring," Lawrence creek. * But as the
# MeDonald's Life of Kenton, page 250. Depositions of John Waller, July 15, 1797, and Nov. 30, 1804.
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MASON COUNTY.
Indians were roaming through the country, evidently bent on mischief, it was dangerous to remain there; and the party scattered, Kenton going to his own station (where, in 1782, he had settled his mother's family) on Salt river. He returned to his Mason county station in November ; employed men as they came, to assist in building cabins until there were twenty odd on each side enclosed : and made frequent trips to the mouth of Limestone creek to encourage passing emigrants to settle at his station, and make it permanent. The name of the first man whose family settled there (about Nov. 15th) is not preserved ; the second was Abner Overfield, a few days later in the same month ; the third was probably John Dowden, early in December ; in the same month, after the 9th, came Rev. Wm. Wood, Elijah Berry, and George Berry, Jr., with their families. Wilson Maddox, in November, 1784, Wm. Henry and Bethel Owens,* in December, are known to have settled there- whether with their families, does not appear.
At Maysville, possibly in November but more probably in December, 1784, a settlement was made, and a double log cabin and block-house built, by Edward (familiarly spoken of as " Old Ned ") Waller, John Waller, and George Lewis, all from Virginia. Until after 1800 it was generally known as Limestone, and in the region around often called The Point. James Tur- ner arrived there on Dec. 24th, and remained a few days; then went out and "built a camp," just above where John Machir's tan-yard stood in 1805, at the N. end of Washington. He deposed that, in hunting, he saw a consider- able number of cabins and improvements, and on Wells' creek saw Dexter's camp, and also McClelland's. Wm. Bickley, Ignatius Mitchell, and Col. Ales D. Orr, were in the county in 1784. In 1785, Lee's, Strode's, and Waring's stations were established. The Indians made no interruption this year, and the infant settlements grew rapidly. Emigration flowed in steadily for years to come, in spite of the Indian incursions-which were mainly devoted to horse-stealing, but with occasional loss of human life.
Washington, the oldest town in (then Bourbon-now) Mason county, and the county seat until 1847, was established as a town by act of the Virginia legislature in 1786-having been laid off. the year before, on "about 700 acres of land." Edmund Byne, Edward Waller, Henry Lee, Miles Withers Conway, Arthur Fox, Daniel Boone [who then lived at Maysville], Robert Rankin, John Gutridge, and Wm. Lamb, gentlemen, were made the first trustees; and each owner of a lot, so soon as he should build a dwelling- house 16 feet square, with a brick or stone chimney, was to have the privi- leges and immunities of freeholders and inhabitants of other towns, not in- corporated. In 1790, by amended act, the boundaries of the town were described, and Alex. D. Orr, Thos. Sloo, and Richard Corwine made trustees in place of Daniel Boone and Edward Waller, who had removed from the county-the former to western Virginia and the latter to near Paris.
Simon Kenton deposed, May 11, 1821, when 66 years old-while lying in the debtor's prison at Washington (from which he refused to go, upon bail offered by friends, or upon their offer to pay the debt, he claiming the debt was unjust and he would not pay it)-that in 1780 he undertook to locate 3,000 acres of land-warrants for Edmund Byne, his pay to be one-half. In the division he got the 1,000 acres which he had located where the town of Washington now stands, and which he sold-as part of a very large sale of lands-to Rev. Wm. Wood (a Baptist preacher), and Arthur Fox, Sen., who laid out the town of Washington. The 700 acres were almost entirely covered with cane of luxuriant growth, from 6 to 15 feet high. As lots were sold and cabins or tenements erected, the cane was cleared away. For several years, what is now the Main street was simply a wagon road through the thiek cauebrake, with narrow openings or paths leading to each cabin. The town grew quite rapidly ; for the official U. S. census shows that in 1790 there were 462 inhabitants, of whom only 21 were slaves, 183 white lemales, 95 white males under 16, and 163 white males over 16 years. In 1800 it had
* Depositions of Abner Overfield, Oct. 9, 1797, and March 14, 1805; of John Dow- den, Rev. Wm. Wood, Elijah Berry, Geo. Berry, Jr., Wilson Maddox, Wm. Henry, Bethel Owens, and 17 others.
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MASON COUNTY.
increased its total population to 570, in 1810 to 815; in 1860, it had fallen off to 645, and in 1870 to 240. On the 8th of January, 1790, Washington had 119 bouses-according to the entry in the journal, at that date, of Judge Wm. Goforth, who was then a visitor there for four days, and who noted that as one of the remarkable facts in the new west. In 1805, a Philadelphia merchant who visited the place, described it as a thriving town, containing about 150 dwelling houses, 10 or 12 of which were of brick or stone. In 1797 there were 17 stores in Washington; among the merchants' names or firins- Morton & Thoms, Burgess & Green, Dr. Geo. W. Mackey (afterwards of Augusta), David Bell (afterwards of Danville, father of Hon. Joshua F. Bell).
Washington was celebrated for its schools, at an early day. Among the male teachers -- Mann Butler (the Kentucky historian of 1834), David V. Ran- . nells (editor of the Union, also) Rev. Lorin Andrews (afterwards missionary and judge, in the Sandwich Islands), James Grimsley Arnold (still living at the ripe age of 80, in Covington, Ky. ), Reuben Case (also living, aged 78, in Kansas). Among the students of Mr. Arnold, were Albert Sidney Johnston (the celebrated Confederate general) and his brothers, Richard Henry Lee (at his death, editor of the Cincinnati Commercial), Thos. J. Pickett, and Dr. John Shackleford. The most celebrated female school in the west at the time was in Washington, 1807-12; that of Mrs. Louisa Caroline Warburton Fitz- herbert Keats, sister of Sir Geo. Fitzherbert, of St. James Square, London, and wife of Rev. Mr. Keats, a deaf and uninteresting old gentleman, relative of the great English poet, George Keats. Among her scholars were daughters of distinguished citizens, and who themselves became the wives of like dis- tinguished men -- daughters of John Breckinridge (late U. S. attorney general), Gov. Thos. Worthington, and Gen. Findlay, of Ohio, and the wives of Gen. Peter B. Porter, of N. Y. (U. S. secretary of war), Gov. Duncan McArthur, of Ohio, John J. Crittenden, of Ky., etc.
The First Water Works proposed in Mason county (none have ever been built) were at Washington-which place was, by act of the Kentucky legis- lature, Jun. 26, 1798, authorized to raise by lottery $1,000 to introduce water into the town from the public spring; or, if impracticable, to spend the amount in sinking wells.
The Second Town, in now Mason (then Bourbon) county, established by law of the Virginia legislature-in 1787, five years before Kentucky became a state-was Charlestown, on 80 acres of land belonging to Ignatius Mitchell, on the Ohio river at the mouth of Lawrence creek. The lots contained half an acre each, and were ordered to be sold at auction, with the condition that a dwelling 16 feet square at least, with brick or stone chimney, and fit for habitation, should be erected within five years. This was another illustration of what had been proven a thousand times before Kentucky was settled, and was as beautifully illustrated in the cases of Warwick (in Mercer county), Milford and Boonesborough (in Madison county), Liberty (below mentioned), New Market (at the confluence of the Kentucky and Diek's rivers), Bealls- borough (at the mouth of Beech fork, on Salt river, in Nelson county ), and other places in the state-that a law " establishing" a town was not, of itself, enough to build up a town, and that some towns grew rapidly before they were " established," while legislation did not seem to help others in the least.
The Third Town "Established" by act of the Virginia legislature, only a few days after Charlestown, was Maysville-on 100 acres (modest quantity, compared with the 700 acres of her then more enterprising neighbor, Wasti- ingtou), " on the lower side of Limestone creek, in the county of Bourbon, the property of John May and Simon Canton" [Kenton]. Six trustees- Daniel Boone, his cousin Jacob Boone, Henry Lee, Arthur Fox, Thos. Brooks, and Geo. Meford, gentlemen-were appointed to lay off the land into half acre lots, and sell them at public auction, subject to the like building con- dition as Charlestown above. Just previously, a law passed establishing at the same place " Limestone warehouse," for the reception and inspection of tobacco-the only one on the Ohio river except that established in 1733 at the falls of the Ohio ( Louisville).
Maysville, overshadowed by Washington, was of slow growth. In 1789, Jedidiah Morse, the great American geographer, had not so much as heard of
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it; and in 1796 was still innocent of any knowledge of it, although giving to her neighbor, Washington-as " the shire town of Mason county, having about 1,000 inhabitants and fast increasing"-nearly double her due. In 1795, the great English writer, W. Winterbotham (vol. iii, 129), speaks of "the mouth of Lime-stone creek as a fine harbor for boats coming down the Ohio, and now a common landing, with a large wagon-road to Lexington." On Sunday, Feb. 26, 1797, another great English traveler, Francis Bailey, president of the Royal Astronomical society, spent four hours at Limestone, " the landing place to Kentucky ; situated on the western side of the mouth of a creek, and at the bottom of a hill; it may contain from 30 to 40 houses, which we found to be chiefly log houses ; the place when we came to it ap- peared to us very dirty, and presented a much more pleasing prospect on our approach from the water than when close to it; provisions of every kind were very dear, owing to the number of boats lately come down. There is a place about a mile above [i. e., Rittersville, or Brooks' landing], called the upper landing-where was a settlement formed prior to Limestone and meant for its site ; here a number of boats stop to unload, owing to their being conven- ient warehouses and cranes; but it has greatly fallen to decay lately." [Notwithstanding this appearance of decay, a few weeks after, Thos. Brooks advertised that he " would lay off a town, and, on May 8th, have the first sale of lots ; a superior road could be had to the interior," etc. ]
Impressed with the importance of the neighborhood, Judge John Coburn in 1805 laid off a town, which he called Madison, on the front part of his farm, immediately above and adjoining East Maysville, on the Ohio river. He advertised it as an excellent situation, one mile above the mouth of Lime- stone; on an extensive bottom three miles long and three quarters of a mile wide; with a landing remarkably easy and convenient, and shielded from the current by a considerable eddy ; a ferry over the Ohio already established; a firm and excellent road may be made, with little additional expense, to the interior ; a ship of 300 tons is now on the stocks at the place, and several valuable factories will be fixed there in a short time ; the vicinity of Lime- stone is at present the key to Kentucky and Ohio, etc. Lots were sold at very handsome prices, but were not improved ; and fifty years after, being still a farm, the owner of the land, all unconscious that they were corner- stones, was digging up stones because in the way of the plough. Such is the fate of some towns !
By Joseph Scott's Geographical Dictionary of the United States, 1805, it appears that Limestone then contained but few houses, but had arrived to the dignity of a post-town. In the same year, Oct. 16th, it was visited by Josiah Espy, a Philadelphia merchant, who described it as " a little town, but the greatest landing place on the river; it contains only about 50 dwelling- houses, and does not appear to be rapidly growing." The celebrated French traveler, Dr. F. A. Michaux, visiting it the same year, says : "Limestone consists of not more than 30 or 40 houses, built of planks. This small town which has been begun upwards of fifteen years, ought to have acquired a large extent." Finding it difficult to purchase a horse, except at an unreason. able price, he walked to Lexington in 23 days, passing through Washington- which is " larger than Limestone; contains about 200 houses, all of planks, and built on both sides of the road ; commerce is very brisk here, consisting principally of flour, which is exported to New Orleans. There are very beautiful plantations in its environs, the fields of which are as well cultivated and the fences as well kept as in Virginia and Pennsylvania. . . . . Mays- Lick consisted of five or six houses, of which two are spacious well-built taverus, where the neighboring inhabitants meet."
In 1806, says Morse's American Gazetteer of date July, 1810, Maysville " contained 70 houses. Since the establishment of Liberty, one mile above, this place is on the decline." [Liberty was the name actually given to the town laid off (see above) by Judge Coburn, instead of Madison, as at first intended. ] In 1811, Sept. 9th, the English traveler, John Melish, on his sailing voyage down the Ohio, stopped at Maysville just long enough to take breakfast, and simply describes it, on first sight, as " quite a bustling place." Its era of improvement had begun, though slowly. Its population, the year
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before, was 335; in 1800, only 137. On Thursday, June 26, 1817, another English traveler, * John Palmer, "arrived at Maysville (or Limestone), by 5 P. M. ; and having near half our cargo to deliver, brought our boat into the creek. About an hour after we landed, a large boat (something like a river barge), of 100 tons, carrying two masts, and manned by 14 or 16 hands, ar- rived with West India produce from New Orleans, 1,730 miles below. She had been near three months ascending the river, the men having to pole up most part of the way; whereas boats descend the same distance in 20 or 25 days. The safe arrival of one of these barges being considered a fortunate circumstance, the owners were manitesting their joy by firing salutes of small cannon from each side of the river. The men who navigated this boat, from the action of the sun and air upon their features, looked swarthy as Indians. Being the day of their arrival, they were offering libations of their favorite whiskey, till a late hour. Indeed, most of the boatmen of the Ohio have adopted Dr. Aldrich's five reasons for drinking :
Whiskey, a friend, or being dry, Or, lest we should be, by and by, Or, any other reason why.
" Limestone is situated on a high bank, backed by high limestone land. It is laid out in several straight streets, and has the appearance of increase and business. The houses, perhaps 100 in number, are most of them brick ; there are some good stores and taverns. The inhabitants are Virginian descend- ants."
The First Churches and Organizations in Mason County .- In 1871, was torn down, and a new one erected on its site, the old Baptist church in Washing- ton, the first house of worship built in northern Kentucky and one of the very first in the state. The church was constituted, and the building erected in 1785, upon ground given by Rev. Wm. Wood, their first preacher ; who also gave the ground around it for a grave-yard, setting apart the northeast corner for strangers. When the location was made, the entire ground was densely covered by a canebrake, part of which was not entirely removed as late as 1840. The settlers in Washington and the neighboring stations labored jointly in erecting the church, each contributing his personal labor. In this building was held, in 1823, the celebrated debate between Elder Alexander Campbell, of the " Reformed Baptist," and Rev. Wm. L. MeCalla, of the Pres- byterian church. In the grave-yard, the oldest stone with an inscription is of undressed limestone ; the lettering, rudely carved with a chisel and now almost illegible, is : " Heare lies the body of John Coalter, eageed 50 years, deceased July 7th, 1789." An Indian chief, and several of his wives and warriors, are buried in this ground.
Upon a tombstone in the western part of Mason county is preserved the following record : " Sacred to the memory of Sarah Stevenson, who was born Oct. 7, 1756; united with the Methodist church, and embraced religion in 1768; lived the Gospel half a century; and died in peace, May 27, 1828." Beside her rests the body of her husband, Thomas Stevenson, who also died in peace. On the second flat-boat [the voyages previously had been by canoes] which left Fort Pitt, now Pittsburgh, this couple, shortly after their marriage, descended the Ohio river to the block-house at Limestone, now Maysville ; thence going, in a few days, to Simon Kenton's station, three miles out. During their stay there, they entertained, in 1786, a Methodist preacher, Rev. Benj. Ogden. Mr. Stevenson, as soon as Indian hostilities ceased so as to make it safe, ereeted a cabin two and a half miles west of Washington, and there removed his family. In that cabin, in 1786, Rev. Mr. Ogden and his presiding elder, Rev. James Haw-the first regular itinerant Methodist preachers in the West-organized the second Methodist church in Kentucky, and the first north of the Kentucky river. What is still more singular, Mr. Stevenson and his wife had united, in 1768, in the state of Maryland, with the second society of Methodists organized in America-when that great de- nomination numbered less than two hundred members on this continent.
These extracts from English travelers are given, simply because they furnish a running sketch of the growth of the place. There are no American books of travel from which to obtain like information.
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MASON COUNTY.
Newspapers and Editors .- The third newspaper in Kentucky and the first ever published in Mason county (sce above, page 000, in reference to the type-setting or composition on the KentuckE Gazette in 1787), was The Mirror, in 1797, at Washington, by Hunter & Beaumont. Col. Wm. Hunter was a native of New Brunswick, New Jersey ; captured. when quite young, by a French man-of war, and with his parents taken to France ; left an orphan in a foreign land, he learned the printing business ; returned, in 1793, to Phila- delphia, where he established a French and American paper, with which Matthew Carey (afterwards one of the most useful and remarkable men in the world) became associated; removed to Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1795, and established the Telegraph; to Washington, Ky., in 1797, and estab- lished the Mirror ; to Frankfort, Ky., in 1798, and established the Palladium, and for ten consecutive years was elected state printer. He continued pub- lishing at Frankfort until 1825, when, under the patronage of Amos Kendall, he went to Washington city, and was a clerk in the office of the 4th auditor of the U. S. treasury until his death, in Oct., 1854, aged 84 years.
The following list comprises all the newspapers ever published, regularly, for more than three months, in Mason county, so far as ascertained :
1797-Mirror. Hunter & Beaumont | 1847-50-Herald ..... Jos. Sprigg Chambers
1803-Western Messenger.
1806-Republican Auxiliary John D. Taylor &
1808-14-Dove .. Joab H. & Rich'd Corwine 1814-24-Union. .David V. Rannells
1852-Watchman Samuel J. Hill
1856-62-Express. W. Wallace Pike
1858-Ledger. Samuel J. Hill
Basil D. Crook-
1842-Masonic Mirror. shanks
1862-73-Bulletin . Ross & Rosser 1867-73-Republican Thos. A. Davis
1871-73-Ohio River Traveler. S W. Wal-
lace Pike
1844-Henry Clay Bugle .. Collins & Brown
1847-51-Kentucky Flag ...... Samuel Pike 1850-51-Post Boy
Chas. D. Kirk
1814-73-Eagle .(See below)
1830-42-Monitor. . Wm. Tanner
Geo. W. Nelson &
1838-Whig Advocate Win. H. MeCardle 1840-Tippecanoe Banner ... Martin Smith 1841-43-Temperance Banner.
1843-Western Star. [ Crookshanks &
Richeson
The first five papers in this list were published at Washington ; all the others at Maysville. The Maysville Eagle, counting from the first publication of The Dove at Washington, in 1808, is, and for 15 years (since the Kentucky Gazette was suspended) has been, of equal age with the oldest papers pub- lished in Kentucky. If it be contended th t the change of name in 1814, from Dove to Eagle-although the type and pu ishers were the same precisely, removed together from Washington to Maysvi e, and changed the name with- out any interregnum or loss of time-destroyed the identity of the paper, then the Eagle must lose six years of its honored life, and fall behind the Lexing- ton Observer and Reporter (which died in April, 1873, aged 65 years), and the Paris Citizen, which is still vigorous and useful at the same age. All three were started in the same year, 1808. The brothers Joab H. and Richard Corwine (the latter left his paper, to become a soldier in the war of 1812) published the Dove for six years at Washington, 1808-14; then removed to Maysville and continued its publication, first changing its name to The Eagle. In 1815 they sold it to Chalfant and Pickett, who published it for a year and then sold it to Mr. Grinstead. In 1817, its ownership passed to Aaron Crookshanks, and on the 1st of November, 1820, to its most permanent publisher and editor, Lewis Collins, with whom it remained constantly (ex- cept the short ownership of Richard Henry Lec, May, 1828-30) until Nov. 1, 1847. Henry B. Brown was associate editor and publisher, May 1, 1842, to May 1, 1845. Richard H. Collins purchased it, Nov. 1, 1847, and was the editor and publisher until March 1, 1850, and again from June 1, 1853, to March 1, 1857, and joint owner and editor one year longer, to March 1, 1858. Tho. B. Stevenson was the editor and publisher from March 1, 1850, to June 1, 1853, with James E. Byers associate publisher a year, from March 1, 1852. Thos. A. Curran, edited and published the Eagle from March 1, 1857, to 1860, except for a few months when it was edited and controlled by Wm. F. Trimble, now a judge in Oregon. At the latter date, Thos. M. Green purchased it, and has since been, and in 1873 is still, the editor and publisher, twice having an associate publisher for a short time. The first
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