USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 53
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STATISTICS OF HART COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 Corn, wheat, hay, tobacco .. pages 266, 265
Population, from 1820 to 1870 .p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs. .p. 26S
whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
towns .. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270
white males over 21. ... p. 266 Latitude and longitude .. .p. 257
children bet. 6 and 20 ..... p. 266
Distinguished citizens ... see ludex.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM HART COUNTY.
Senate .- Wm. Murray, 1832 ; Claiborne J. Walton, 1855-63. '73-77.
House of Representatives .- Richard I. Munford, 1820, '22, '27 ; Adin Coombs, extra session, 1822, '25 ; Dudley Rountree, 1824, '26 ; Jesse Craddock, 1828 ; Jas. T. Beau- champ, 1829 ; Benj. Copeland, 1830, '31, '32. '35, '36, '44 ; Jas. M. Gardner, 1833, '42, '43 ; Valentine Garvin, 1834; Benj. B. Edmonson, 1837, '38: Lewis Barrett, 1839 ; Geo. W. Craddock, 1840, '41 ; David W. Maxey, 1845; John Bowmar, 1846; Henry C. Wood, 1847; Wm. B. Thompson, 1848; David Highbaugh, 1849 ; Wm. H. Gardner, 1850,'65-67 ; Claiborne J. Walton, 1851-53 ; Wm. D. Lester, 1853-55 ; John S. Bohan- non, 1855-57 ; John Donan, 1857-61 ; P. L. Maxey, 1861-63; Geo. T. Wood, 1863-65; Henry C. Martin, 1867-69; Wm. Adair, 1869-71; John P. Rowlett, 1871-73 ; B. C. Craddock, 1873-75.
A Charnel-House .- In 1826, two gentlemen, engaged in hunting wild tur- keys, in Hart county, discovered on the summit of a knoll or elevation a hole large enough to readily admit a man's body. Curiosity, says the Harrods- burg Central Watchtower, led them to explore the mysterious place. At the depth of 60 feet, they found themselves in a cave or room, 16 or IS feet square, apparently cut out of the solid rock. The first object which met the eye was a human skull, with all the teeth entire; the floor of the room was filled with skeletons of men, women, and children. Under the small opening through which they descended, the place was perfectly dry, and the bones in a state of preservation. An entire skeleton of the human body was obtained. They dug down between four and seven feet, but found them equally plentiful as on the top; but there arose an offensive effinvia as they approached where it was a little damp. There was no outlet to the room, and a large snake which they found there, and which appeared to be perfectly docile, passed around the room several times while they were in it. The discovery is a subject for speculation with regard to the period and cir- cumstances attending this charnel-house.
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NATHANIEL G. T. HART.
There are a number of natural curiosities, such as caves, sinks, springs, &c., . in Hart county. About three and a half miles from Munfordsville, near Greene river, there is a large spring, which possesses this remarkable singularity. A short distance below the head of this spring, a milldam has been erected ; and at certain hours in the day, the water rises to the height of twelve or fifteen inches above its ordinary level, flows over the dam for some time, and then falls to its usual stand, resembling very greatly the ebb and flow of the ocean tides. The flood occurs about the hour of twelve o'clock each day-recurs at the same hour on every day, and is marked by the utmost uniformity in the time occupied in its ebb and flow. Six miles east of Munfordsville, in the level barrens, there is a hole in the earth which attracts no little attention. The hole is circular, of some sixty or seventy feet in diameter, and runs down in a funnel shape to the depth of twenty-five or thirty feet, where the diameter is diminished to ten or twelve feet. Below that point it has never been explored, and sinks to an unknown depth. On throwing a rock into this hole or pit. its ring, as it strikes the sides, can be heard for some time, when it gradually dies away, without being heard to strike anything like the bottom. It is supposed that more than a hundred cart loads of rocks have been thrown into this pit, by the persons visiting it. Six or seven miles north north-east from the county seat, is the "Frenchman's Knob," so called from the circumstance that a Frenchman was killed and scalped upon it. Near the top of this knob, there is a hole or sink which has been explored to the depth of 275 feet, by means of letting a man down with ropes, without discovering bottom ! There are also a number of caves in the county, from a half to two miles in length ; but being in the neighborhood of the Mammoth Cave, they excite but little attention.
Captain NATHANIEL G. T. HART, (in honor of whom this county received its. name,) was the son of Colonel Thomas Hart, who emigrated at an early day from Hagerstown, Maryland, to Lexington, which place became his residence, and has continued to be that of most of his descendants. Captain Hart was born at Ha- gerstown, and was but a few years old when his father came to Kentucky. The Hon. Henry Clay and the Hon. James Brown, so long minister at the French court, were his brothers-in-law, having married his sisters. Under the first named gentleman, Captain Hart studied the profession of law, and practiced for some time in Lexington. Shortly before the war of 1812, he had engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was rapidly making a large fortune. In the year 1812, being then about twenty seven years of age, he commanded a volunteer company called the " Lexington Light Infantry ;" and Kentucky being in that year called upon for volunteers for the war in the north-west, he, with his company, enrolled them- selves in the service of their country. His command rendezvoused at George- town in the fall of 1812, and from thence proceeded to the seat of war. He served through the winter campaign of 1812-13, a portion of the time as a staff officer. At the battle of Raisin, on the 22d January, 1813, he commanded his company, and received a wound in the leg. When taken prisoner. he found an old acquain- tance among the British officers. This was a Captain Elliott, who had previously been in Lexington, and during a severe illness there remained at the house of Colonel Hart, and was attended by Captain Hart and the family. On meeting Captain Hart he expressed himself delighted at the opportunity to return the kindness he had received, and promised to send his carryall to take Captain Hart to Malden. Captain Hart relied implicitly upon his promise, but the carryall was never sent, and he never saw Captain Elliott again. He started from Raisin on horseback under the care of an Indian, whom he employed to take him to Mal- den ; but had proceeded only a short distance, when they met other Indians, who had been excited by the hope of a general massacre of the prisoners, and Captain Hart was then tomahawked.
He left a wife, who was Miss Ann Gist, (a member of one of the most respect- able families of the county,) and two sons. His wife died a short time after he did, and but one of his sons is now living. This is Henry Clay Hart, who now resides in Paris, Bourbon county, and who was a midshipman in the navy and commanded a gun in the attack made by the frigate Potomac on the fort at Qualla Battoo in the island of Sumatra, with great credit. The Lexington light infantry, commanded by Captain Hart at the Raisin, existed until after 1847, then its flag waved on the battle field at Buena Vista as the regimental flag of the Kentucky cavalrv.
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HENDERSON COUNTY.
Powder Mill .- On Linn Camp creek, near the line of Green county, was an extensive powder mill, which during the war of 1812, and for a number of years after, produced large quantities of powder.
The First Man shot, after the invasion of Kentucky by the Confederate forces in 1861, is claimed to be Robert S. Munford, near Rowlett's station. The wound was in the right arm and side, and in Dec., 1871, his hand and arm were still much disabled.
The Bear Wallow is a very noted place in the barrens, where there was a great resort of hunters at an early day in quest of the bears attracted there to wallow and drink at a spring. All that remained of the place, in 1846, was a good tavern with the sign of the " Bear."
HENDERSON COUNTY.
HENDERSON county was formed in 1798, out of part of Chris- tian county-the 38th organized in the state-and named in honor of Col. Richard Henderson. It then embraced also the territory out of which Hopkins county in 1806, Union in 1811, and Webster in 1860, were formed. It is situated in the s. w. part of the state, on the Ohio river, which forms its northern boundary for 70 miles ; Daviess and McLean counties bound it on the E., on the s. Hopkins, and on the w. Union. Green river flows along a portion of its eastern border, then N. w. through the upper part to its junction with the Ohio -- watering the county through a length of 40 miles. These river bottoms, 110 miles in length, embrace about 60,000 acres of alluvial land, remarkable for fertility ; the soil generally is very productive. Of the large corn-producing counties in the state, Henderson ranks sixth, and first in tobacco-producing of the latter crop (excepting Daviess, Graves, Christian, and Bracken counties), more than double any other county. The bottom farms yield from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds per acre, and the hills from 800 to i,000 pounds. Of 202 analyses of soils from all parts of the state, by Prof. Robert Peter, in con- nection with the geological survey of the state, the fine tobacco soil from Henderson county was the richest but one. The prin- cipal growths of timber are poplar, pecan, oaks of all kinds, black and white walnut, ash, hickory, sweet gum, cottonwood, and wild cherry.
Towns .- Henderson, the county seat, incorporated in 1810, is situated on the Ohio river, 196 miles below Louisville, 11} below Evansville, Indiana, 173 above Cairo, Illinois, and about 170 miles from Frankfort. It is the northern terminus of the Hen- derson and Nashville railroad, which is part of a great through line to St. Louis, via Evansville ; and has a tri-weekly line of elegant steamboats to Louisville. It has 18 tobacco stemmeries. Population in 1870, 4,171, an increase of 2,396 in 20 years. Spottsville, on Green river, S m. above the mouth, is a small village.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM HENDERSON COUNTY, SINCE 1815.
Senate,-Thos. Towles, 1821-24 : Archibald Dixon, 1836-40 ; John G. Holloway, 1844-48 ; Jas. F. Clay, 1871-75. From Henderson and Livingston counties, Daniel Ashby, 1808. From Henderson and Union counties, Francis Lockett, 1824-23.
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HENDERSON COUNTY.
House of Representatives .- Jas. McMahan, 1815, '16 ; Leonard H. Lyne, 1819, '20, '28 : Samuel G. Hopkins, 1822 : George Morris, 1824, '25. '26, '33 ; Daniel McBride, 1827 ; Archibald Dixon, 1830, '41 ; Jas. Bell, 1832, '34 ; John Holloway, 1835 ; Lazarus W. Powell, 1836 ; Edmund H. Hopkins, 1838, '39 ; Thos. Towles, 1840 ; Henry Dixon, 1842 ; John G. Holloway, 1843 ; John H. Stanley, 1844, '53-55 ; John H. Priest, 1845 ; John E. McCallister, 1846 ; Thos. Towles, jr., 1847, '48; Jas. M. Stone. 1849; Jas. B. Allen, 1850 ; Grant Green, 1851-53 ; Elisha W. Worsham, 1855-57 : Jas. B. Lyne, 1857-61 ; Milton Young, 1861-63; Wm. R. Kinney, 1863-65 ; Geo. M. Priest, 1865-67 ; Robert T. Glass, 1867-71 ; L. W. Trafton, 1871-73. From Henderson and Union counties, Fortunatus F. Dulaney, 1817 : Francis Lockett, 1818; Thes. J. John- son, 1831. From Henderson-Isaac Cottingham, 1873-75.
STATISTICS OF HENDERSON COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 | Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat ... pages 266, 268 Population, from 1800 to 1870 ·p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs ......... page 268
whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, in 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270
towns .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value of .... p. 270 Latitude and longitude. ... p. 257
white males over 21 .p. 266
children bet. 6 and 20 yrs. p. 266
Distinguished citizens. Index.
An Artesian Salt Well was bored, in 1857, by Col. Burbank to the depth of over 1,600 feet, when a 4 to 6-inch stream of salt water was flowing out at the surface; its strength 80 gallons to the bushel, but much deteriorated by the fact that it passed through a body of fresh water ; in boring 400 feet further, he hoped to find stronger salt water. At the depth of 160 feet is a rock, 63 feet through, which would afford for the whole country an abundance of the best of fresh water. At 200 feet, he passed through a stratum of porcelain clay- pronounced by some experts to be the finest yet discovered in the United States. A Lead Mine was opened, about 1857, near MeElroy's gap, on the Hen- derson and Nashville railroad.
Sulphur and Chalybeate springs are found near McElroy's gap.
Coal .- A shaft sunk 459 feet, on the bank of the Ohio river by the IIen- derson Coal company, prior to 1856, showed several veins of coal of excellent quality. The Holloway boring, about 5 miles from the Ohio river, at an elevation of 155 feet above low water, and to the depth of 1,0243 feet, developed 10 beds of coal-at 60 feet 33 feet of coal, at 70 feet a vein of 4 feet 5 inches, at 85 feet one of 10 inches, at 1363 feet over 3 feet of black shale with some coal, at 160} feet a vein of 4} feet, at 262 feet one of 23 feet, at 417 feet one of 1} feet, at 467 feet one of 53 feet, at 572 feet one of 20 inches, and at 861 feet one of 63 feet.
The 14th Steamboat on the western waters was built at Henderson in 1817, by J. Prentiss, and named the Pike. She plied at first between Louisville and St. Louis, and afterwards in the Red River trade; was lost on a sawyer, in March, 1818.
Prices of Tobacco .- The average yearly prices for 100 pounds of tobacco at Henderson, were :
In 1820. $3.25 In 1826 .$2.50 In 1831
$3.00 In 1836. $4.00
1821 3.00 1827. 2.25
1832
3.00
1837. 5.00
1822. 3.50 1828.
2.00
1833.
3.75
1838. 8.00
1823 3.25
1829
2.50
1834. 3.50
1839. 6.00
1824 .. 3.50
1830.
2.75
1835.
6.00
1840. 7.00
1825. 4.75.
The average price of the first 5 years was $3.30, of 8 years from 1825 to 1832 inclusive $2.84, and of 8 years from 1833 to 1849 inclusive $5.40. During the second period, the high tariff system was in operation, and the price of tobacco at its lowest ebb.
ARCHIBALD DIXON was born in North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and in 1804, came with his father and family to Henderson county, Ky., where he still lives, Feb., 1873; received limited education; studied law, and began the practice in 1825-which he continued with great success until his retirement in 1860; was representative in the Ky. legislature in 1830 and 1841, and state senator, 1836-40; elected lieutenant governor, 1844-48, on the Whig ticket, over Gen. Wm. S. Pilcher, by a majority of 11,081, whereas his co- nominee, Gov. Owsley's, majority was only 4,624; in 1849, delegate to the
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HENDERSON COUNTY.
convention which formed the present Constitution of Kentucky, and was beaten by James Guthrie for president of that body by a party vote, 48 to 50; in 1851, as Whig candidate for governor, was beaten by Lazarus W. Powell, 850 votes; Dee. 30, 1851, elected U. S. senator, over James Guthrie, by 71 to 58, to fill the vaeaney, 1852-55, eaused by Henry Clay's resignation; in this body, was the author of the famous Kansas-Nebraska bill as accepted by Judge Douglas, repealing the Missouri-Compromise aet of 1821; in 1862, was elected to the Border State eonvention, Louisville-where he endeavored, but in vain, by recommending measures of conciliation and compromise, to avert the disasters of war. He has not since been in publie serviee.
JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, the most distinguished ornithologist of America, was born in Louisiana, May 4, 1780, died in New York eity, Jan. 27, 1851- aged near 71. If it be true that poets are born, it is true of Audubon that he was born a lover of birds, and from a child seemed determined to make their study his life-work. He was sent to France to learn drawing and paint- ing, and in the studio of the celebrated David neglected the higher depart- ments of art, that he might more surely succeed in painting birds. In 1797, he settled in Pennsylvania, and in 1807, in a small canoe went down the Ohio river to Henderson, Ky., and made his home there for some years. In 1810, the great Scotch ornithologist, Wilson, joined him, and with will and enthusiasm they ranged the forests together, from Kentucky to Florida. In 1824, he went to New York and Philadelphia, and in 1826, to England, to arrange the publication of the results of his labor. Of 170 subseribers at
$1,000 each ($170,000) to his splendid volume, the "Birds of America." nearly one-half eame from England and France. He returned to the United States in 1829, but made two other trips to Europe, and published additional volumes, a portion ealled "Ornithologieal Biographies "-in all 4 vols. of engravings and 5 of letter press illustrations. In 1844, in New York. he published a new edition of " Birds of America" in 7 volumes, imperial Svo., and exhibited to the publie his extraordinary collection of original drawings. He projected a similar work on the "Quadrupeds of America," aided by his sons and another, but did not live to complete it.
Maj. PHILIP NORBOURNE BARBOUR, born near Bardstown, Kv .. in 1817; raised and educated in Henderson county, Ky. ; graduated at West Point, 1834: made 2d lieutenant in 3d infantry ; soon after, made Ist lieutenant, and became regimental adjutant, until 1845 ; for bravery in defending Fort Waggoner in East Florida, made brevet-captain ; and for services at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, made brevet-major, May 9, 1846; and was killed in action, Sept. 19, 1846, while leading his company at the storming of the breast- works of the eity of Monterey. He was a man of great amenity of manners and of much talent-reputed one of the most energetic officers of the war with Mexico.
Judge (oftener called Colonel) RICHARD HENDERSON, from whom Hender- son county and the city of Henderson are named, was born in Hanover eo., Va., April 20, 1735. His father was Col. Samuel Henderson, of Scotch, and his mother Elizabeth Williams, of Welsh descent. The family emigrated in 1756 to the present home of the descendants, Granville county, North Car- olina. His parents were poor, and henec his education was neglected. It is said, but the authority for it is not given, that he grew to maturity before he had learned to read and write. Certainly, after he was of age, he improved his opportunities with wonderful energy. The first position that opened up to him a new view of life was that of eonstable ; followed soon after by that of under-sheriff to his father who had been made sheriff. These duties edu- cated him largely in that practical knowledge of men and things for which he became distinguished in after life.
He read law for twelve months with his cousin, Judge John Williams. He then applied for license to Charles Berry, chief justice of the colony, whose duty it was to examine applicants, and on whose certificate the governor is- sued a license to practice. "He was asked how long he had read and what
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HENDERSON COUNTY.
books ? When the limited time was stated, and the number and names of books he had read, the judge remarked that it was useless to go into any exam- ination, as no living man could have read and digested those works in so short a time. With great promptness and firmness Henderson replied, that it was his privilege to apply for a license, and the judge's duty to examine him; and, if he was not qualified, to reject him ; if qualified, to grant the certifi- cate. The judge, struck with his sensible and spirited reply, proceeded to a most scorching examination. So well did the young man sustain himself. that the certificate was granted, with encomiums upon his industry, acquire- ments, and talents."
Such energy and spirit knew no rest. He soon rose to the highest ranks of his profession, and honors and wealth followed. Under the law of 1767, providing for a chief justice and two associates for the province, Gov. Tryon about 1768 appointed Mr. Henderson one of the associate justices. While holding the superior court at Hillsboro, Orange county, Monday, Sept .- 24, 1770, the "Regulators " (those who first resisted the aggressions and extor- tions of the crown officers) "assembled in the court yard, insulted some of the gentlemen of the bar, and in a riotous manner went into the court house and forcibly carried out some of the attorneys, and in a cruel manner beat them." Judge Henderson, finding it impossible to hold court, left Hillsboro in the night. At the battle of Alamance, near the Alamance river, not many miles distant, on May 16, 1771, was the first blood spilled in resistance to exac- tions and oppressions of English officers in the name of the crown. The troubled times shut up the courts of justice.
A man of great ambition and somewhat ostentatious, he soon became involved in speculations which embarrassed him in his pecuniary relations, and cramped his resources. Bold, ardent and adventurous, he resolved to repair the ravages made in his private fortune, by engaging in the most extensive scheme of specu- lation ever recorded in the history of this country. Having formed a company for that purpose, he succeeded in negotiating with the head chiefs of the Chero- kee nation a treaty, (known as the treaty of Wataga, ) by which all that tract of country lying between the Cumberland river, the mountains of the same name, and the Kentucky river, and situated south of the Ohio, was transferred, for a reasonable consideration, to the company. By this treaty Henderson and his as- sociates became the proprietors of all that country which now comprises inore than one half of the state of Kentucky. This was in 1775, They immediately proceeded to establish a proprietory government, of which Henderson became the President, and which had its seat at Boonesborough. The new country received the name of 'Transylvania. The first legislature assembled at Boonesborough, and held its sittings under the shade of a large elm tree, near the walls of the fort. It was composed of; Squire Boone, Daniel Boone, William Coke, Samuel Henderson, Richard Moore, Richard Callaway, Thomas Slaughter, John Lythe, Valentine Harmond, James Douglass, James Harrod, Nathan Hammond, Isaac Hite, Azariah Davis, John Todd. Alexander S. Dandridge, John Floyd, and . Samuel Wood. These members formed themselves into a legislative body, by electing Thomas Slaughter, chairman, and Matthew Jewett, clerk. This cis- montane legislature, the earliest popular body that assembled on this side of the Apalachian mountains, was addressed by Colonel Henderson, on behalf of him- self and his associates, in a speech of sufficient dignity and of excellent sense. A compact was entered into between the proprietors and the colonists, by which a free, manly, liberal government was established over the territory. The most important parts of this Kentucky Magna Charta, were, Ist. That the election of. delegates should be annual. 2d. Perfect freedom of opinion in matters of reli- gion. 3d. That Judges should be appointed by the proprietors, but answerable for mal-conduct to the people ; and that the convention have the sole power of raising and appropriating all moneys, and electing their treasurer. This epitome of substantial freedom and manly, rational government, was solemnly executed under the hands and seals of the three proprietors acting for the company, and Thomas Slaughter acting for the colonists.
'The purchase of Henderson from the Cherokees was afterwards annulled by act of the Virginia legislature, as being contrary to the chartered rights of that State. But, as some compensation for the services rendered in opening the wil II ... 22
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HENDERSON COUNTY.
derness, and preparing the way for civilization, the legislature granted to the proprietors a tract of land twelve miles square (over 200,000 acres) on the Ohio, below the mouth of Green river. The governor of North Carolina by proclamation declared the purchase illegal ; but that state also granted to the company 200,000 acres of land. The proprietors of Transylvania above mentioned, were Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, David Hart, John Luttrell, Wm. Johnston, and James Hogg, of Orange county, and John Williams, Leonard Hendly Bullock, and Judge Richard Henderson, of Granville county, North Carolina.
In 1779, Judge Henderson was appointed one of a commission to extend the boundary line between Virginia and North Carolina through to the Mis- sissippi river ; but a difficulty arose with the Virginia commissioners, Dr. Thomas Walker at the head, as to the true latitude of 36° 30', and the North Carolina commissioners withdrew. The line surveyed and marked by Dr. Walker was afterwards adopted by North Carolina.
In 1779, Judge Henderson opened at the French Lick, now Nashville, Ten- nessee, a land office for the sale of the company's lands. Next year, he re- turned home, and retired to private life. He died Jan. 30, 1785. His four sons were able, and became distinguished, men-one of them, Leonard, being chief justice of the supreme court of the state from 1818 until his death in 1833.
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