USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 48
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To the left of this parallel, on a high peninsula or headland, is a singular redoubt. To the left is the bank of the second bottom, 50 feet high and very steep ; to the right, the hollow of a small stream with steep banks. The em- bankment is heavy, and the ditch deep and wide, and interior to the wall. From the bottom of the ditch to the top of the wall is 12 to 15 feet. The enclosed oval area is only 60 feet wide by 110 feet long. It has a gate-way to the N. E., 10 feet wide ; outside of which, in the deep forest, is the grave of one of the first settlers. On one side are 3 mounds, each about 6 feet high, already greatly reduced by yearly ploughing. The walls of the main work are so steep as to preclude cultivation, and now form the fence lines of the area, which is 15 acres ; the area of the parallels is 10 acres each ; total, 35 acres.
Modern Indian Town .- Between this work and the river were plainly visi- ble, in 1820, traces of a modern Indian encampinent or town-shells, burned stones, fragments of rude pottery, etc., and also some graves. [See proof that this was an Indian town in 1751, 1766, and 1773, on second page before this.] This was a favorite spot with the Indians, for several reasons-one, because of its proximity to a noted saline spring or deer lick, known as Mc- Arthur's Lick.
Group B also ocenpies the third terrace, and seems to be the grand center from which the parallel lines radiate. The two crescent or horse-shoe shaped walls, each measuring 80 feet long by 70 feet broad, constitute its first strik- ing feature. The earth around them is much excavated. Enclosing these is
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GREENUP COUNTY.
a circular wall 5 feet high. The elevation to the right is 18 feet high. A full view of the group may be had from the mound-which is 28 feet high, by 110 feet base, is truncated, and surrounded by a low circumvallation. There are several small circles, measuring from 150 to 250 feet in diameter; also a few mounds.
Group C is on the Kentucky shore, and principally occupies the third terrace, or high level at the base of the hills. This work consists of 4 con- centric circles, at irregular intervals ; and at right angles is cut by 4 broad avenues. A large mound is in the center-truncated and terraced, and with a graded way leading to its summit. From its level summit, a complete view of the surrounding work is commanded. If this work was connected with the religious rites and ceremonies of the builders, this mound must have afforded a conspicuous place for their observance and celebration.
About a mile west of this are a number of mounds, some of considerable size; and a circular work, D, of exquisite symmetry and proportion. It con- sists of an embankment of earth 5 feet high by 30 feet base, with an interior ditch 25 feet across by 6 feet deep-enclosing an area 90 feet in diameter, in the center of which rises a mound 8 feet high by 40 feet base. A narrow gateway through the parapet and a causeway over the ditch lead to the en- closed mound.
The walls around the ten acres are constructed of earth-the breadth on top is twelve feet, at bottom thirty, and in height ten North wing. S. wing. feet. The openings are twelve feet wide; the wings about six feet high. The ground within is a level plain, and covered with trees of the largest class-beech, sugar-tree, poplar, &c. The walls are covered with trees also. When or by whom this fortification was construc- ted, must forever remain a mystery.
Governor CHRISTOPHER GREENUP was born about the year 1750, in the then colony of Virginia. When the American revolution occurred, he was in the prime of youth. It was not in his nature to see his country engaged in such a strug- gle, without engaging in it himself. He accordingly devoted his youth to her cause, and was one of the soldiers and heroes of that great conflict ; and passed through its scenes of trial and hardship, acting well his part, and winning no small share of that honor which crowned the triumph of the American arms. In the bloody war which took place between the pioneers of the west and the In- dian tribes, he also bore a part, and brought into active service against that for- midable foe, the skill which he had acquired during the revolution. To the dan- gers of such a warfare he freely exposed his life, and risked, with a manly and brave heart, all its perils. After thus gaining for himself considerable distinc- tion in arms, he settled in Kentucky, and on the 4th of March, 1783, was sworn in as an attorney at law in the old court for the district of Kentucky, established by an act of the Virginia legislature. On the 18th day of March, 1785, he was appointed the clerk of that court, which office he held during the existence of the court. In 1792, he was elected a member of Congress, and served as such until the year 1797. After this he filled the office of clerk of the senate of Kentucky to within a short time of his election as governor, which occurred in August, 1804. For four years, he discharged the duties of this office with high honor and credit both to himself and the State over which he presided. At the expira- tion of his gubernatorial term, he was elected to the legislature from the county of Franklin. In 1812, he .acted as a justice of the peace for the same county. He served also many years as a director in the old bank of Kentucky : and, after a long life of public service to his country, he died on the 27th of April, 1818, in the 69th year of his age.
Whilst he filled the highest executive office of the State, it may be said of him that no one ever discharged its duties with a more scrupulous regard for the pub-
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HANCOCK COUNTY.
lic good. Prompt, assiduous and faithful in the labors which claimed his owr. personal attention as governor, he required the same of all who were under his immediat control and influence. In his appointments to office, he always re- served and exercised the right to select those only whom he knew to be qualified, and in whom he himself reposed confidence. In this he was never governed or swayed by the number or character of the petitioning friends of an applicant for office. It was to the man himself he looked, and that, too, through his own and not the eyes of another. His great object in making choice of public officers having been always to promote those only who were the most worthy and the best qualified, it was a source of the highest gratification to him afterwards, to know himself, and to see all convinced, that he had accomplished it. Often has he been heard in conversation to dwell, with pride, on the appointments of men te office, who afterwards proved themselves, by their public services, to have been wworthy of them. And it may not be improper to say, that of none did he speak more frequently, and with a prouder satisfaction, than of his appointment of Wil- liam M'Clung as judge of the Mason circuit court, of Robert Trimble as judge of the court of appeals, and of Robert Alexander as president of the bank of Kentucky. In consequence of Judge M'Clung's connection with a family in Ken- tucky who were looked upon as leading federalists in the State, his appointment to office was at first unpopular. Time, however, convinced the community, as they acknowledged to the governor, that he had appointed a man of the highest integrity, firmness and capacity.
A circumstance occurred while he was in office, calculated to illustrate very forcibly the character of Governor Greenup as a man of high sense of justice, and who felt always the full force of moral obligations in the administration of civil government. Before the resignation of Judge Muter as one of the judges of the court of appeals, it was known that, although a correct and honest man, who performed the duties of his office to the best of his abilities, he had become superannuated; and owing to this fact, he was induced to resign his seat, with a promise that a pension should be allowed him during the remainder of his life, in consideration of his public services. The legislature accordingly passed an act, shortly after his resignation, allowing him a small pension. Some time after- terwards, however, an effort was made in the legislature to repeal this act, which ultimately proved successful. Governor Greenup, however, esteeming it an act of injustice, and a breach of the public faith, with a degree of decision and high moral courage worthy of himself and his fame, interposed his constitutional pre- rogative, and vetoed the bill.
HANCOCK COUNTY.
HANCOCK county was formed in 1829, (the 83d in order,) out of parts of Breckinridge, Daviess, and Ohio counties, and named in honor of John Hancock, president of the continental Congress. It is situated in the west middle part of the state ; is bounded N. by the Ohio river, E. by Breckinridge, s. by Ohio, and w. by Daviess county. Along the Ohio river, the bottom varies in width from one to seven miles; the lands are level, rich, and productive ; back of the river hills, the lands are second rate, and the face of the country undulating. Tobacco is the chief pro- duct. The hills abound in coal of fine quality.
Towns .- Hawesville, the county seat-named after Richard Hawes, the original proprietor, and incorporated in 1836 -- is situated on the Ohio river, 120 miles below Louisville and 32 miles above Owensboro ; population in 1870, 855. Lewisport is on the Ohio river, 14 miles below Hawesville, 134 below Louis- ville, and 18 above Owensboro ; incorporated in 1844 ; population
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HANCOCK COUNTY.
in 1870, 308. Pellville is a small village, with a population in 1870 of 84; incorporated in 1870.
STATISTICS OF HANCOCK COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 - Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat ... pages 266, 268
Population, from 1830 to 1870. .p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs. ... page 268
whites and colored. .. p. 260 Taxable property, in 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270
towns .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value of .... p. 270
white males over 21 .. p. 266 Latitude and longitude .p. 257
" children bet. 6 and 20 yrs. p. 266
Distinguished citizens. see Index ..
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM HANCOCK COUNTY.
Senate .- Wm. Sterett, 1840-43, 1850.
House of Representatives .- Wm. Sterett, 1833, '34; John Sterett, 1844; Wm. D. Mayhall, 1845, '46 ; Timothy Holmes, 1847; Geo. W. Williams, 1850; Green Sterett, 1851-53, '57-59 ; Wm. P. D. Bush, 1853-55, '61-63, '65-67 ; Samuel B. Pell, 1855-57 ; Eugene A. Faulconer, 1859-61; T. R. Taylor, 1863-65 ; Robert C. Beauchamp, 1867- 71; Jas. W. Snyder, 1871-73. From Hancock and Breckinridge counties, Richard S. Lander, 1831; Nathaniel Maxey, 1835; Nehemiah Board, 1836; Nicholas V. Board, 1839. From Hancock and Ohio counties-Larkin G. Nall, 1843. From Hancock co. -Joshua D. Powers, 1873-75.
Coal .- The geological survey showed 4 beds of coal in Hancock county, in a section of 270 feet of the strata overlying the main Hawesville coal (which is from 2} to 4 feet thick) ; the first, 85 feet above, 19.8 inches thick ; the second, 213 feet above this, 16 inches thick; the third, 683 feet above this, 16 inches thick, and the fourth, 313 feet above this, 31 inches thick. Hawesville coal is superior to Pittsburgh coal in several respects: 1st, In completeness of combustion, or freedom from waste in burning, leaving only 6} to 7 pounds of unburnt coke in the grate, where Pittsburgh coal leaves over 9 pounds ; 2d, In causing rapid evaporation-converting into steam, in one hour, 15} cubic feet of water, while Pittsburgh coal only evaporates 10 pounds. In equal weights of the two coals, one pound of Hawesville coal evaporated 7.34 pounds of water at 212º, while one pound of Pitts- burgh coal evaporated 8.2 pounds. No workable coal has yet been found in the immediate vicinity of the Ohio river.
The celebrated Breckinridge Cannel coal mine lies on the edge of Hancock and Breckinridge counties, 83 miles from Cloverport, on the Ohio river. It lies about 95 feet under the summits of the main ridges, which are here from 425 to 460 feet high. The dip is west, 3 to 4 inches in 100 feet, or 13 to 21 feet in a mile. It varies in thickness from 42 to 22 inches, in some places running down to 16 inches. In volatile matter it exceeds any coal found in Kentucky, and some portions are nearly equal in yield of oil and waxy products to the Boghead coal, of Scotland. In 1856, at the coal oil works near Cloverport, about 6,000 gallons per week of crude oil were dis- tilled and purified. After a few years, the discovery of petroleum or earth- oil in inexhaustible quantities made the distillation of cannel coal unprofita- ble, and these works were discontinued.
About four miles above Hawesville, and about three-fourths of a mile from the Ohio river, there is a natural curiosity which is worthy of note-it is a NATURAL FORTIFICATION, being a circular table of land, surrounded on all sides by a cliff of from fifty to one hundred and twenty-five feet in height, generally projecting at the top, and impossible of ascent, except in one place, where it seems to have slided over and formed an inclined plane. A string of fence of twenty poles, renders it impossible of ingress or egress to stock, and makes it a fine park for deer. By a little work in digging, it might be rendered impregnable ; and if it were so situated as to command some water course or strait, or exposed point on the frontier, might be made valuable to the country. Where located, it is thought to be a favorable site for an armory or garrison, as a communication could be easily opened to the Ohio river, by a rail road three-quarters of a mile long.
On the Ohio river, some five miles above Hawesville, there is a mound or general burial place of the dead. The site is one of romantic and picturesque beauty, beneath an overhanging cliff of considerable height, which almost en- II ... 20
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HARDIN COUNTY.
· tirery snelters this repository of bones. The thick timber and undergrowth sur- rounding it, gives a sombre and melancholy appearance to the scene, well befitting the resting place of the unknown dead. The bodies seem not to have been deeply interred, for the surface is covered with bones ; and with a stick they may be dis- interred in numbers, or kicked up with the foot. The mound has never been explored, but in the external examinations, no other bones have been discovered but those of human beings.
About one hundred yards from the mound, there is a spring, issuing from a ledge of rock, from which is discharged a bituminous matter, similar in smell and consistency to common tar. This spring is some seven or eight miles from the " Tar Spring " in Breckinridge county, and is supposed to be a continuation of the same stream.
JOHN HANCOCK, in honor of whom this county received its name, was born at Quincy, near Boston, and graduated at Harvard University in 1754. On the sud den demise of an uncle in 1764, he succeeded to his large fortune and business, both of which he managed with great judgment and munificence. As a member - of the provincial legislature, his zeal and resolution against the royal governor and the British ministry, rendered him so obnoxious to them, that, in the procla- mation of General Gage, after the battle of Lexington, and before that of Bunker Hill, offering pardon to the rebels, he and Samuel Adams were specially excepted, their offences being "of too flagiticus a nature to admit of any other consideration than that of condign punishment." This circumstance gave additional celebrity to these two patriots. Mr. Hancock was president of the provincial Congress of Massachusetts, until he was sent as a delegate to the general Congress at Phila- delphia in 1775. Soon after his arrival there, he was chosen to succeed Peyton Randolph as president, and was the first to affix his signature to the declaration of independence. He continued to fill the chair until 1779, when he was com. pelled by disease to retire from Congress. He was then elected governor of Mas- sachusetts, and was annually chosen from 1780 to 1785. After an interval of two years, he was again re-elected, and continued to hold the office until his death, which occurred on the 8th of October 1793, at the age of fifty-six years In the interval, ne acted as president of the state convention for the adoption of the federal constitution, for which he finally voted. His talents were rather use- ful than brilliant. He seldom spoke, but his knowledge of business, and keen insight into the characters of men, rendered him a superior presiding officer. In private life, he was eminent for his hospitality and beneficence.
HARDIN COUNTY.
HARDIN county, the 15th of the counties of Kentucky, was established by the first legislature in 1792, out of part of Nel- son county, and named in honor of Col. John Hardin. From its original territory have been formed Ohio county in 1798, Breckinridge in 1799, Grayson in 1810, Daviess in 1815, Meade in 1823, and Larue in 1843, and, in part, Hart in 1819, and Edmonson in 1825. It is situated in the west middle part of the state, on the waters of Salt river ; and is bounded N. by the Ohio river and by Bullitt and Meade counties, E. by Bullitt, Nelson and Larue, s. by Larue, Hart and Grayson, and w. by Breckinridge, Grayson and Meade counties. In the northern and western portions, the land is hilly and thin; in the eastern and southern portions, it is rolling, with rich alluvial soil ; and in the center, presents the flat and sandy surface known as " bar- rens." The staple products are corn and tobacco.
Towns .- Elizabethtown, the county seat, is on the southern
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slope of Muldrow's Hill, and Severns' Valley creek, a branch of Nolin which empties into Green river ; 10 miles s. w. from the Beech and Rolling Forks of Salt river, 42} miles from Louisville, and 75 miles from Frankfort. It is a prominent sta- tion on the Louisville and Nashville railroad, and the eastern terminus of the Elizabethtown and Paducah railroad; popula- tion in 1870, 1,743, and in Jan., 1873, about 2,000. Sonora, on the L. & N. R. R., 13 miles s. of Elizabethtown ; population in 1870, 266. West Point, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Salt river, 24 miles from Elizabethtown, and 26 miles below Louis- ville; population in 1870, 206. . Nolin, Glendale, Upton, Coles- burg, and Stevensburg are railroad stations.
STATISTICS OF HARDIN COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 | Corn, wheat, hay, tobacco .. pages 266, 268
... p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs .. p. 268
Population, from 1800 to 1870. whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
towns. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270
16 white males over 21 .. .p. 266 Latitude and longitude. .. p. 257
children bet. 6 and 20 ..... p. 266
Distinguished citizens. see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM HARDIN COUNTY, SINCE 1815.
Senate .- Daniel Waide, 1816; Jas. Crutcher, 1817-22, '24-28 ; Christopher Miller, 1822-23; Armistead H. Churchill, 1832 ; George Roberts, 1833-40; Wm. Conway, 1842-44 ; John L. Helm, 1844-48, '65-67 ; John Cofer, 1848-50 ; James W. Hays, 1850, '73-77 ; Samuel Haycraft, 1857-61 ; Jacob B. Haydon, 1869-73.
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From Hardin, Breckinridge and Ohio counties, John Handly, 1814; and
from Hardin and Meade, John C. Ray, 1828-32; Jesse Craddock, 1840-42.
House of Representatives .- Benj. Shacklett, 1815, '17, '20 ; Jas. Crutcher, 1815 ; Geo. Helm, Samuel Stephenson, 1816; Aaron Hart, 1817; Christopher Miller, 1818, '19 ; Adin Coombs, 1818, '31 : John Churchill, 1819 ; John H. Geohegan, 1820; Martin Hardin, 1821, '22, '24; Squire Larue, 1822; Isaac C. Chenowith, 1824-25; John L. Helm, 1826, '27, '30, '33, '34, '35, '36, '37, '39, '42, '43 ; George Roberts, 1829, '30, '31; John Y. Hill, 1832 ; John S. Cully, 1832, '33, '43; Wm. Conway, 1833, '34, '35, '41; -. Wilson, 1836 ; Harrison Hough, 1837; John Cofer, 1838, '40 ; Chas. G. Winter- smith, 1838, '47, '51-55 ; Bryan R. Young, 1839, '61-63, '65-67 ; Jas. W. Hays, 1840, '44; Thos. D. Brown, 1841, '44, '45, '46, '47 ; George French, 1842 ; Claiborne How- ell, 1845 ; Wm. D. Vertrees, 1846, '48 ; Thos. M. Swan, 1848 ; Thos. S. Geohegan, 1849 ; Jacob B. Haydon, 1849, '53-55 ; Robert English, 1850, '59-61 ; Randolph G. Hays, 1850 ; William T. Samuels, 1851-53 ; Robert B. English, Benj. Hardin Helm, 1855-57; Wilford Lee Harned, 1857-59: Vene P. Armstrong, 1857-61; Samuel B. Thomas, 1863-65 ; George L. McAfee, 1867-69 ; Thos. H. Hays, 1869-71 ; J. L. Nall, 1871-73; Geo. W. F. Strickler, 1873-75. [From Hardin and Meade-Robert Martin, 1825 ; Wm. Love, 1826 ; John C. Ray, 1827; John Sewards, Thos. Patton, 1828; Thos. Chilton, 1832.]
Hardin County, as originally formed, was nearly 140 miles long, with an average width of nearly 50 miles. It extended from Salt river and the Roll- ing Fork, on the east, to Green river, on the west: and from the Ohio river on the north, to a line on the south from the Salt Lick on the Rolling Fork across the hills to Green river.
First Settlers in Hardin County .- In the fall and winter of 1780, Capt. Thomas Helin, Col. Andrew Hynes, and Samuel Haycraft settled where Eliz- abethtown now stands, and built three forts with block-houses, about one mile from each other. The residence of the late Gov. John L. Helm now occupies the site of Capt. Thomas Helm's station; Haycraft's was on the hill above the cave spring ; while Hynes' occupied the other angle of the tri- angle. These were the only settlements, at that early day, between the falls of the Ohio and Green river. The forts or stockades-afterwards called sta- tions-were erected thus: The settlers dug a trench, with spades or hoes or such implements as they could commande in which they set split timbers reaching 10 or 12 feet above the level, enclosing space sufficient for 5, 6, 8 or more dwellings, and a block-house (as a kind of citadel. ) with port-holes. This was defense enough against Indian bows and arrows or rifles.
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HARDIN COUNTY.
Those who composed the colony which came, in 1780, with Samuel Hay- craft, were Jacob Vanmetre, his wife, 3 sons, 7 daughters, and 3 sons-in- law, viz .: Mrs. Margaret (wife of Samuel) Haycraft, Susan and her husband Rev. John Gerrard, Mary and her husband David Hinton, (the latter was drowned in the Ohio river, on the way,) Jacob Vanmetre, jr., Isaac, John, Rebecca, Rachel, Ailsey, and Elizabeth ; also, a family of slaves. Most of them opened farms in the Severns' valley. Judge Thos. Helm, also, had quite a family of children and blacks. Other men with their families, Col. Nicholas Miller, Judge John Vertrees, Miles Hart, Thomas, Brown, Shaw, Dye, Freeman, Swank, and others followed. Among the earliest settlers of Elizabethtown was Christopher Bush, of German descent, who reared a large family of sons and daughters. Of the latter, one married Thomas Lincoln, an excellent carpenter and joiner, father of the late ex-President Abraham Lincoln, who was the son of a former wife. She was an excellent woman, and upon her devolved the principal care of rearing and educating the future President.
A Boy Pioneer .- On Christmas day, 1780, Benjamin Helm, then a mere boy of 14, son of Capt. Thomas Helm, walked barefooted to the falls (now Louisville) for salt or meal.
First Court .- On the 23d July, 1793, the county court held its first term at the house of Isaac Hynes, who produced a commission and qualified as the . first sheriff. John Paul was made clerk and also coroner, Samuel Haycraft assessor, and Ben. Helm surveyor. At the October term, viewers were appointed to lay off roads from the place of building the court house (as yet it had no name) to Pierrepont's mill, to Hodgen's mill, to the Burnt Lick on . Rolling Fork, to Salt Lick, and to the crossing of Meeting creek on the way to Hartford.
Col. Andrew Hynes, in 1793, laid out 30 acres of land as a place to erect .the public buildings, and called it Elizabethtown in honor of his wife's Chris- tian name. The settlers on Nolin were dissatisfied with this location, and for about ten years a very bitter controversy was kept up between the people of the two settlements, resulting in inany hard words and harder fist-fights. The first court house was built of yellow poplar logs, in August, 1795-John Crutcher contractor, the price about $220; the second court house of brick, was not finished until December, 1806, two years and eight months from the time it was let to James Perceful ; it still stands, a monument of the enter- prise of seventy years ago and of the eloquence of former days, but is no longer a model of architectural elegance and convenience.
Other Towns .- Besides. the court honse, there were three towns in the county : Vienna, at the falls of Green river, Hartford, and Hardin's settle- ment or station (Hardinsburg).
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