Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II, Part 121

Author: Collins, Lewis, 1797-1870. cn; Collins, Richard H., 1824-1889. cn
Publication date: 1874
Publisher: Covington, Ky., Collins & Co.
Number of Pages: 1654

USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 121

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" When all who could had gotten inside the old fort, we were directed to sit down. Some of us, suffering from wounds, were kindly requested by our companions to lie and rest in their laps. Thus situated, a sense of quiet and hope apparently came over us. I began to entertain the conviction that our promised safety would be realized; but not so. An Indian painted black, accoutred with tomahawk, butcher knife, and rifle, mounted the dilapidated earth-embankment (which was 3 or 4 feet higher than the ground on which the prisoners were sitting and lying), and by his infuriated look, manner, and gesticulation seemed determined to commence a general massacre. His Indian dialect we did not understand; but from the excited conduct of both the British and Indians, something horrible was impending. No one present can forget the importunate exclamation which the British and Canadian soldiers addressed to the Indian: ' Oh, nichee, wah !' was repeated by them again and again. I was afterwards informed that these words in the Poto- watamie dialect meant, 'Oh, brother, desist, don't do so.' Their entreaties were of no avail. The Indian raised his rifle and shot the man at the pit of the embankment through the body, killing him on the spot. He then loaded his gun and shot another prisoner, who died immediately-the ball passing through his body into the hip of a third, who died a few days after. He then laid his gun down, and drawing his tomahawk, jumped down from the embankment among the prisoners, and began to drive it in the skulls of those next him. Some of them sprang up and endeavored to get away from the Indian by climbing over those who remained in a reclining or sitting posture. In this scramble for life, I was trampled in my own blood, as I lay in the lap of a fellow-soldier named Gilpin, from Anderson county, Ky. ( who returned and lived there until his death, about 1809). I did not see the blows given with the tomahawk, but i distinctly heard the cracking of the skulls of the two men who were thus killed. The whole four were scalped, for after I got up, I saw their bodies after they had been scalped. The scene, during the

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massacre of these unarmed prisoners, in its conflicting passions of sarage rage and human mercy, was indescribable.

"Not long after the savage demoniac retired with his scalps, Col. Elliott and Tecumseh rode into the old fort. As Elliott rode near, Thomas Moore (a prisoner, from Clark county, Ky.), addressed him and asked : 'Sir, is it incompatible with the honor of a civilized nation to allow defenceless prison- ers to be butchered in this manner by savages ?" Depressing as were the circumstances in which I was placed, I felt a sentiment of exultation on hearing that question and protest. Col. Elliott turned and looked at him as though he was a man of some rank, and asked, ' Who are you, sir ?' Moore replied, ' I am nothing but a private, in Capt. John C. Morrison's company.'

" The celebrated chief Tecumseh was a noble, dignified personage .* He" wore an elegant broadsword, and was dressed in Indian costume. His face was finely proportioned, his nose inclined to the aquiline, while his eye displayed none of that savage and ferocious triumph common to the other Indians on that occasion. He seemed to regard us with unmoved composure ; and I thought a beam of mercy shone in his countenance, tempering the spirit of vengeance inherent in his race against the American people. I saw him only on horseback.

" After this visit, we were ordered to stand up and be counted. A new scene presented itself. Several Indians, how many I can not say, selected young men to take to their towns and adopt into their families. One of these was Thomas Webb, a private in Capt. Morrison's company, who had a re- markably large pair of whiskers. He was initiated into an Indian family by having his whiskers pulled out by the roots with tweezers, he sitting on a log, and young Indian girls exulting in the performance. Tom said he almost suffered death under the torture; and when I saw him several years afterwards, in Lexington, Ky., his beard had never grown out again.

" On the evening of May 5th, 1813, the prisoners were placed on open barges and taken down the river to the British shipping, about nine miles. Those who were able to perform the fatiguing march, were paroled and sent home by land-the officers, for themselves and men, signing the instrument of parole, which stipulated that we were not to fight against the King of Great Britain or his Allies, during the continuance of the war, unless regularly exchanged. The British officer who presented it for our signatures, was asked if the term " Allies " in the parole included the Indians. His answer was : ' His Majesty's Allies are known, and you must take notice and act accord- ingly.' On the next day, May 6th, while still upon the shipping, the Indians visited us in their bark canoes, to make a display of the scalps they had taken. 'They had strung or fastened them near the tops of poles, some two inches in diameter and eight feet high, set up perpendicularly in the bows of their canoes ; on some poles were lour or five scalps-each scalp stretched closely or tightly over a hoop about four inches in diameter, and the flesh sides

* It is reported of this great chieftain (and many incidents in his life add to its probable truth), that after the surrender on the field of battle, he most sternly forbade the work of massacre which the savage fiends had begun, and enforced his order by burying his tomahawk in the head of one of his chiers who refused obedience. But upon the authority of a letter from Win. G. Ewing to the venerable John 11. James, or Urbana, Ohio, Mr. Drake in his life of Tecumseh says :

" While the blood-thirsty carnage was raging, a thundering voice was heard in the rear, in the Indian tongue. Turning around, he saw Tecumseh coming with all the rapidity his horse could carry him, until he drew near to where two Indians had an American, and were in the act of killing him. He sprang from his horse, caught one by the throat and the other by the breast, and threw them to the ground ; then, drawing his tomahawk and scalping knife, he ran in between the Americans and Indians, and brandished them with the tury of a madman, daring any que of the hundreds around him to attempt to murder another American. They all appeared confounded, and im- mediately desisted. His mind appeared rent with passion, and he exclaimed, almost with tears in his eyes, . Oh, what will become of my Indians!' He then demanded, in an authoritative tone, where Proctor was; but casting his eye upon him at a small distance, sternly inquired why he did not put a stop to the inhuman massacre. 'Sir,' said Proctor, 'your Indians can not be commanded.' 'Begone!' retorted Tecumseh, with the greatest disdain, 'you are unfit to command; go and put on petticoats.' "

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WARREN COUNTY.

painted red, or seemed to be. Thus each canoe was decorated with a flag- staff of a most appropriate character-bearing human scalps, the horrid en- sign of their savage warfare.

" After six days the wounded and sick were taken down the Maumee river into Lake Erie, and thence down the Lake until we reached the newly settled country at the mouth of Vermillion river, where we were billeted among the settlers according to their ability and means to take care of us. It was my good fortune, and that of James E. Davis (afterwards a practicing lawyer, and mayor of the city of Lexington, Ky.), to find quarters with a kind and obliging family named Charrot. Mr. Davis, who was very sick with camp fever, was one of the sergeants of our company, an estimable man, a soldier, and patriot. Towards the latter part of June, a small vessel was sent up from Cleveland to collect the convalescent soldiers and take them to that place, then a military post under command of Col. (afterwards Gen.) Thos. S. Jesup. Here we were supplied with rations, and permitted to make our way home as best we could. William Worthington, of Mason co., Ky., and who was orderly sergeant of our company, on taking leave, on shipboard, placed twenty dollars in gold in my hands (part of what he had saved in a belt around his body, overlooked by the Indians). With this, and the pro- ceeds of the sale of my watch (which I had saved from the Indians, by pushing the chain out of sight down in the fob), I purchased a skiff, on the Cuyahoga river, near the portage between that and the Muskingum, had it hauled in a wagon from the former river to the latter, purchased provisions, and brought six of my comrades by water to Maysville, Ky. I learned there that my uncle, Thomas Rogers, had passed through in search of me, expect- ing to meet me in Cleveland. My friend Worthington entertained me most hospitably, at his mother's (a widow) near Maysville, until my uncle returned ; who accompanied me to his home near Edmunton, in Barren (now in Met- calfe) county, where we arrived early in July."*

Gen. John H. Morgan's Escape from imprisonment as a Confederate officer in the penitentiary of Ohio, at Columbus, is already detailed in part, in Col- lins' Annals, vol. i, page 129. Those details were gathered from a pamphlet account of his capture and escape (written by a Kentuckian, Samuel C. Reid, and published at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864), and from other sources, printed and written.

Gen. Morgan himself, in a very graceful letter to the father of Capt. Thos. H. Hines, now (1873) Judge of Warren county court, thanked him for the son's great ingenuity in devising and coolness in directing the escape of him- self and six of his captains, from that ignominious place of confinement, Nov. 27, 1863. Capt. Hines was a very young man, not over 23 at that time, of great nerve, tact, energy, and endurance. Merion, the spiteful warden, mag- nifying the importance of his " little brief authority," on the morning of Nov. 3, 1863, so grossly insulted Capt. Hines that he determined he would neither eat nor drink until he had planned means of escape. Prison life had become intolerable, and the thought of breathing once more the free air of heaven was inexpressibly sweet. He was engaged in reading Victor Hugo's graphic description, in Les Miserables, of the subterranean passages of Paris, and of the wonderful escapes of Jean Valjean. He argued in his mind that the dryness of the cells must be owing to air passages or ventilators beneath, to prevent the moisture from rising; and that by removing the cement and brick in the cells, they might strike the air chamber, and thence escape by under- mining the foundation walls.

* Judge Underwood, in a letter to the author, Sept., 1871, details the marked kind- ness to hun, while in the old fort and in danger of being tomahawked because of his wounded condition, of James Boston, a fellow-soldier ( but a stranger) from Clark co., Ky., in Capt. Clark's company ; who took off his hunting-shirt and urgently pressed its acceptance upon him-an act which, by hiding the bloody wounds from savage eyes, was one of the special provideuces which saved a since greatly honored and use- fullife. Judge U. has never been able to hear of or from his kind benefactor ; it would gratify him to know that Mr. Boston's descendants have seen this acknowl- edgment. He has also sent us some interesting reminiscences of another benefactor, Wm. Worthington-which we are compelled to omit for want of room. R.H.C.

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WARREN COUNTY.

This plan was first communicated to Capt. Sam. B. Taylor (a grandnephew of the late president, Zachary Taylor), who was as agile, ingenious, and dar- ing as Capt. Hines. There were difficulties to overcome from the arrange- ment of the cells-five tiers or stories high, of solid stone masonry, 6 feet long, 6 high, and 3 wide. Gen. Morgan's cell was in the second story, and Hines' immediately beneath. With two case-knives, which had been sent from the hospital with food for some of the sick men, the work was begun, Nov. 4th, in Hines' cell-he assuming the responsibility, and alone taking the risk of discovery, and its consequent punishment by incarceration in the dungeon. With these, two men could work at a time-relieving each other every hour, and spending four to five hours per day in labor. It was a work of love, and progressed steadily-Hines keeping strict guard, and by a system of knocks or raps upon the cell door, indicating when to begin and when to cease work, and when to stop work and come out. The cement and bricks removed were hidden by the men in their beds. The prison guards were always suspicious and watchful, and some privileged convicts were sometimes set as spies to watch the Confederate officers.

After digging in each of seven cells, for 18 inches square, through 6 inches of cement and 6 layers of briek, the air chamber was reached, 60 feet long, 3 wide, and 3 high. Thenceforward the rubbish was removed to the air chamber, while the holes were carefully concealed by their beds. But their patient work was scarcely begun. They worked thence through 12 feet of solid masonry, 14 feet of " grouting" (fine stone and liquid cement), and 5 feet of graveled earth ; and on Nov. 26th, reached the yard of the penitentiary. For the first time, Gen. Morgan was now made acquainted with the mysteri- ous underground avenues, and was greatly surprised and delighted, upon examining the work.

A consultation in Morgan's cell, on the evening of the 27th, determined them to attempt escape that night. The weather for some two weeks before had been perfectly clear; and for several nights succeeding their escape, the ground and the penitentiary walls were covered by a heavy sleet, which would have made it impossible to scale the latter. Late in the evening of the 27th, light fleecy clouds gathered in the west, which, with the feeling of the atmosphere, betokened a cloudy sky and rain; at 9 p. M., a steady rain set in, lasting through the night. Thus far, well; but how scale the outside wall, 35 feet high ? Besides, several sentinels were on post in the yard, and two or three vieious dogs were unchained at night. Again, Gen. Morgan was to be gotten out of his cell in the second story before the turnkey locked all the cell doors at 5 o'clock, p. M. "Love laughs at locksmiths," and so did Morgan's men. Calvin Morgan, the general's brother, made out of his bed- ticking a rope 70 feet long, and out of a small iron poker a hook for the end of the rope. At 5 P. M., when the prisoners were ordered to their cells, Col. Dick Morgan went to his brother's cell, while the general was locked up in Dick's, one of the seven on the ground floor. Gen. Morgan was allowed the exceptional privilege of a candle to read by, after 9 p. M .; and the turn- key, on going his rounds, finding Col. Dick with a book before his face read- ing, mistrusted nothing, but locked in the wrong prisoner.

In the stillness of midnight, at 12:25 A. M., when even a whisper or the falling of a pin could be heard, Capt. Sam. Taylor dropped noiselessly into the air chamber, passed under the other six cells and touched the occupants, as a signal to come forth-each first so shaping his bed-clothes as to resemble the sleeping form of a man, and prevent the guards' suspicions, on their two-hourly rounds, until after daylight. When they emerged from the hole under the foundation, three sentinels stood within ten feet ; but the steady rain-fall drowned any noise from their footsteps. A few paces toward the wall were gone over, when one of the huge berce dogs, with a low growl, came running to within ten feet of them, barked once, and then went off. Did the dog mistake them for sentinels ? or was it not a special providence which made him sympathize with escaping rebels ? They reached in safety the east gate of the wall, a double gate, 30 feet high, of iron outside, and in- side of heavy wooden eross-timbers with open spaces. Wrapping a stone in a cloth to prevent noise, and tying to it one end of the rope, Taylor threw

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WARREN COUNTY.

it over the top of the inside gate, the weight of the stone drawing down the rope. Securing the hook to one of the timbers, one by one the party climbed to the top of the gate, and thence to the top of the wall. The rope was hauled up, the hook fastened to the iron railing on the main wall, and in a few minutes they had descended to the open street, within thirty steps of a guard, near a bright gas-light.

The party immediately separated, Morgan and Hines going together. By a letter in cipher to a lady friend who sometimes loaned books to the prison- ers, Hines' need of money had been supplied-the money being hidden within the folds or binding of a book. Morgan wore goggles, loaned by a sore-eyed fellow-prisoner, and kept at a distance from the gas-light; while Hines went boldly up to the ticket office and purchased two tickets, just as the Cincinnati train, at 1:25 A. M., came thundering along. Once in the car without suspicion, they felt equal to the emergency ; and by care and ingenu- ity made good their escape to the South. The coolness and composure of Capt. Hines was wonderful; he spent the evening, from 5 to 9, in reading one of Charles Lever's novels, and then slept soundly until aroused by Capt. Taylor, just after midnight.

Of the seven who escaped, two were re-captured on Dec. 2d, and returned to the penitentiary (see page 129); Gen. Morgan was murdered by the Federals at Greenville, Tenn., Sept. 4, 1868 (see his biography, under Fayette county ) ; Gustavus S. McGee was killed at Cumberland Gap; and Sam. B. Taylor died, several years after the war. The other four-T'hos. H. Hines, Ralph Sheldon, Jacob C. Bennett, and Jas. D. Hockersmith-were living, in April, 1871.

The First Railroad in Kentucky ran from where the new court house in Bowlinggreen stands, along Plain street, to the Double Springs on Green river. It was over a mile long, and built about 1832, by James R. Skiles and Jacob Vanmeter. Some of the wooden cross-ties were still visible in 1872. The cars were drawn by horses.

Warren County, in 1851, subscribed $300,000 stock in the Louisville and Nashville railroad, issuing bonds in payment. A tax, to meet interest, was collected for some years-since which the dividends from the road have paid the interest and part of the principal of the debt, each year. In 1872, the sinking fund treasurer recommended the sale of stock enough to pay the out- standing bonds; there would remain $175,000 stock, yielding over $11,000 yearly. The population of the county in 1840 was 15,446, fell off to 15,123 in 1850, but increased to 21,742 in 1870-an increase, from 1850 to 1870, of 432 per cent. 'The taxable property in 1851 was $5,028,141, and in 1872, $8,029,631-an advance in 21 years of 593 per cent., and from being the 16th county in wealth in the state to the 7th.

Maj. Gen. JOSEPH WARREN, M. D., in honor of whom this county was named, was one of the most distinguished patriots of the American Revolutionary war ; was born at Roxbury, near Boston, in 1741-the son of a farmer; entered Harvard University, at 14, and was there remarkable for his talents, fine ad- dress, and bold and independent spirit ; studied medicine, and had rapid and high success in the practice ; on two occasions, delivered eloquent orations on March 5th, the anniversary of the Boston massacre, and became promi- nent in politics, as a public speaker and writer; was president of the provin- cial congress of Massachusetts, in 1775; participated in the battle of Lex- ington, April 19, 1775; June 14, 1775, was appointed major general of the military force of Massachusetts province ; and at the battle of Bunker Hill, in Boston, on June 17, 1775, when the American troops-after three times repelling the British troops-exhausted their ammunition and were compelled to retire, he was killed by a random shot, among the last to abandon the.en- trenchninents. Congress passed a resolution to erect a monument to his mem- ory, which long occupied the site of the present Bunker Hill monument.

Gen. Warren had the elements of a great and popular leader, and if his life had been spared to the close of the struggle would probably have ranked next to Washington among the generals of that war.

748

WASHINGTON COUNTY.

WASHINGTON county was formed in 1792-the first-born of the new state of Kentucky, the previous nine having been estab- lished by Virginia. It was very properly named in honor of Virginia's greatest and best citizen, the then U. S. president, Gen. George Washington ; and was formed out of that part of the county of Nelson included within the following bounds :

" Beginning on Salt river where the boundary line between Nelson and Mercer crosses the same ; thence down the same river to the mouth of Crooked creek, or what is called by some Lewis' run; thence a straight line to the month of Beaver creek, a branch of Chapline's fork; and thence down Chap- line's fork to the Beech fork; thence down the Beech fork to the mouth of Hardin's creek; thence a straight line to the Big Knob lick, near the head of Pottinger's creek; thence a straight line to the mouth of Salt Lick run, emptving into the Rolling Fork on the south side ; thence up the main branch of said run to the ridge dividing the waters of the Rolling Fork from Green river waters ; thence eastwardly along the said dividing ridge to the line dividing Lincoln from Nelson : thence with the same to the Mercer line ; thence along the line between Nelson and Mercer to the beginning."

From this territory were taken part of Anderson in 1827, and the whole of Marion in 1834. Washington county is situated near the center of the state, and drained by Salt river ; it is bounded N. by Anderson county, E. by Mercer and Boyle, s. and w. by Marion, and N. w. by Nelson. The face of the country is undu- lating ; the soil rich and fertile. Staple products-hemp, wheat, corn ; exports-hogs, cattle, hemp, and whiskey ; the production of hemp has fallen off very greatly of late years. Chapline's fork of Salt river forms the N. w. boundary line, Hardin's the w. boundary line ; the remaining prominent creeks are Short, Cartwright's, Lick, Lick Run, Long Lick, Little Beech fork, and Thompson's.

Towns .- Springfield, the county seat, is one of the oldest towns in the state ; was established in 1793, and received its name from a spring in the bounds of the town ; is about 40 miles from Frankfort, 10 miles N. of Lebanon, and 13 s. E. of Bardstown ; has improved slowly in business as the region around has grown in wealth, but has been almost stationary in population for over 40 years-having fallen off 20 between 1830 and 1840, 71 be- tween 1840 and 1850, 30 between 1850 and 1860, and gained 5 between 1860 and 1870, when the population was 502. Mack- rille or Maxville, 8 miles N. E. of Springfield, was incorporated Dec. 7, 1831 ; population in 1860, 216, and in 1870, only 180. Fredericktown, 8 miles N. w. from Springfield, on the Beech fork of Salt river, was incorporated Jan. 17, 1818 ; its population in 1830 was 58, and it has grown but little. The other small vil- lages and post offices in the county are-Antioch, Becch Fork, Beechland, Hadesville, Sharpsville, Texas, and Willisburg (incor- porated Feb. 1, 1838) ; Brownsburg was incorporated Feb. 20, 1850.

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WASHINGTON COUNTY.

STATISTICS OF WASHINGTON COUNTY.

When formed. See page 26 Hay, corn, wheat, tobacco ... pages 266, 268

Population, from 1800 to 1870 whites and colored .. ... p. 260 Taxable property, in 1846 and 1870.p. 270

towns. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270 Latitude and longitude ... p. 257

white males over 21 .. .p. 266

children bet. 6 and 20 .. .p. 266

Distinguished citizens. .see Index.

MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM WASHINGTON COUNTY.

Senate .- Gen. Matthew Walton, 1800-03 ; John Lancaster, 1803-05, '13-17 ; Phile- mon Waters, 1805-09; Jeroboam Beauchamp, 1809-13, '21-25 ; Thos. G. Harrison, 1817-21; John Pope, 1825-29 ; Christopher A. Rudd, 1829-33 ; Jas. McDonald, 1833-37 ; Dr. Robert C. Palmer, 1841-45, '53-57 ; Geo. C. Thurman, 1845-49 ; Thos. J. Blincoe, 1851-53 ; Thos. S. Grundy, 1857-61. [See Marion county.]

House of Representatives .- Chas. Ewing, 1793, 1800 ; Jos. Gray, 1793 ; Robert Abell, 1795 ; Gen. Matthew Walton, 1795, 1808 ; John Grundy, 1799, 1805 ; John Lancaster, 1799, 1800, '01, '02; Felix Grundy, 1800, '01, '02; Christ. Houtts, 1801; Jeroboam Beauchamp, 1802, '03, '05, '14, '15; Richard Bell, 1803; Win. Lowe, 1805 ; Samuel Lowe, Edmund Rutter, 1806; Benedict Spalding, 1806, '11, '12; Jas. Lancaster, 1808 ; -. Hamilton, -. Dean, 1809 ; Thos. G. Harrison, 1811, '13, '15, '16; Jas. Mc- Elroy, 1812, '14 ; C. B. Gaither, 1812, '13 ; Dabney C. Cosby, IS13, '15, '21, '22, '24, '25 ; --. Nocl, 1814; Paul I. Booker, 1816; Win. Grundy, 1816, '19, '20 ; Richard Cocke, Henry H. Bayne, 1817 ; Fleming Robinson, IS17, '18; Wm. B. Booker, 1818, '19, '22, '24, '26, '28,"'31; Richard Forrest, 1818, '19, '24. '26, '27, '28, '29 ; John Lancaster, 1820 ; Samuel McElroy, 1820, '21; Samuel Robertson, 1822; Samuel Grundy, 1825; John W. Bainbridge, 1825, '26; John S. Watts, Thos. H. Waters, 1827 ; Jas. McDaniel, 1828 ; Thos. Head, 1829; Jas. MeDonald, 1829, '32; George H. Girton, Richard Spalding, 1830; George Grundy, 1830, '31 ; Jesse Abell, 1831, '32; Win. Osborn, 1832; Peter Brown, Jos. P. Knott, 1833; Robert Mitchell, 1833, '40; Robert C. Palmer, 1834; Frederick W. Trapnall, Jas. Dever, 1834, '35; Benedict Spalding, 1835; C. A. Rudd, 1836, '38 ; Richard H. Coke, 1839; Milton Busby 1841 ; Wm. R. Watts, 1842; John Yocum, 1843; Leonard B. Cox, 1844 ; Jesse Moore, 1845 ; John R. Jones, 1846; Thos. S. Grundy, 1847, '48, '50; Richard J. Browne, 1849, '63-65, '67-69 ; Granville C. Alfred, 1851-53; Robert C. McChord, 1853-55 ; Wm. B. Booker, 1855-57 ; John K. Wilson, 1857-59 ; John B. Hunter, 1859-61 ; Wm. H. Hays, 1861-63, resigned Dec., 1861, succeeded by Richard J. Browne, 1862-63 ; Chas. R. Craycroft, 1865-67 ; Jas. R. Claybrook, 1869-71; Mat. Nunan, 1871-73, '73-75.

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Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II, Part 121

Author: Collins, Lewis, 1797-1870. cn; Collins, Richard H., 1824-1889. cn Publication date: 1874 Publisher: Covington, Ky., Collins & Co. Number of Pages: 1654

Author: Collins, Lewis, 1797-1870. cn; Collins, Richard H., 1824-1889. cn
Publication date: 1874
Publisher: Covington, Ky., Collins & Co.
Number of Pages: 1654