USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 18
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RICHARD P. BUTLER, the third son, born Sept. 27, 1792; studied law, but never practiced ; was assistant adjutant-general in the campaigns of 1812; never in politics ; a highly intelligent farmer, with fine conversational powers ; still living (Jan., 1874), 81 years old.
PERCIVAL (or PIERCE) BUTLER, the youngest son, born Oct. 4, 1794; studied law, and became eminent and brilliant in his profession ; represented Fay- ette county in the Kentucky house of representatives in 1520, Woodford county in 1821, '22, and the city of Louisville in 1838, '39, and was also senator from Louisville in 1845-47. He died about 1850, aged 56.
'Two daughters are living, Mrs. Dr. Urban E. Ewing, of Louisville, and Mrs. Judge James Pryor, of Covington, 70 and 74 years old. Three sisters died at the ages of 36, 54, and 58.
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CARTER COUNTY.
CARTER COUNTY.
CARTER county, the 88th erected in the state, was formed in 1838, out of parts of Greenup and Lawrence, and named in honor of Col. Wm. G. Carter, then and for four years the state senator from the counties of Lewis, Greenup, and Lawrence. [Col. C. removed to Arkansas about 1847 ; and died of cholera in 1850, at Lexington, Ky., when on a visit there.] The county is situated in the extreme eastern portion of Kentucky, and bounded N. by Lewis and Greenup, E. by Boyd and Lawrence, s. by Elliott, and w. by Rowan, Fleming, and Lewis counties. The county is well. watered by Little Sandy river, Little Fork of Little Sandy, and Tygart creek, and their tributaries. The surface is hilly and broken, the soil in the valleys rich, and the hills abound in coal and iron ore.
Towns .- Grayson, the county seat (named in honor of Col. Robert Grayson, once aid-de-camp to Gen. Washington), is the present terminus of the Eastern Kentucky railroad north to the Ohio river at Riverton, 13 miles E. of Greenup, and is a point on the Elizabethtown, Lexington, and Big Sandy railroad, now being extended from Mt. Sterling E. to near Catlettsburg; popu- lation in 1870, 152, and in Jan., 1873, nearly 300. Olive Hill is 15 miles w. of Grayson ; Geigerstille, 12 miles E., population about 150. There are four iron furnaces-Boone, 17 miles N. W., Mt. Savage, 7 miles s. E., Star, 9 miles E. of Grayson (pop. about 200), and a fourth. In Carter county are 21 stores, 8 hotels, 5 steam and 7 water mills, 1 seminary, 6 lawyers, and 8 doctors.
STATISTICS OF CARTER COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26
- Tobacco, corn, wheat, hay .. pages 266, 268
Population, from 1840 to 1870 .p. 258
Horses, mules, cattle, hogs. ... p. 268
whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270
towns .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ...... p. 270 Latitude and longitude. ... p. 257
white males over 21 p. 266
children bet. 6 and 20 .. . 266 - Distinguished citizens, .see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM CARTER COUNTY, SINCE ITS FORMATION.
Senate .- D. K. Weis, 1853-57 ; Wm. C. Grier, 1S61-65.
House of Representatives .- Andrew Kitchen, 1842; Walter Osburn, 1844; Geo. W. Crawford, 1846 ; Geo. Grubb, 1847 ; John T. Ratcliff, 1849 and 1859-61 ; John J. Park, 1851-55 ; Ephraim B. Elliott, 1855-57; Richard B. Whitt, 1857-59 ; Stephen J. Eng- land, 1861-63, but resigned Aug., 1862, and succeeded by Wm. Bowling, 1862-63 ; Sebastian Eifort, 1863-65; B. F. Shepherd, 1865-67; James Kilgore, 1869-71 ; Richard D. Davis, 1873-75.
First Settled .- The exact period of the first settlement of Carter county is not certainly known. It is generally believed to have been in 1808; at the Sandy salines, by persons engaged in the salt business -- the most prominent of whom was Capt. Thos. Scott, of Lexington, who died in 1870, aged 93. Salt was once made there in considerable quantities, and shipped by wagon and flat-bout.
Natural Bridge .-- About 16 miles from Grayson, and 25 miles from Vance- burg, on the Ohio river, is a Natural Bridge, spanning a small stream of clear water, called Little Caney (formerly called Swingle's branch), which falls into Little Sandy river. The bridge is 219 feet in the span, 196 feet high, 12 feet wide, 5 feet thick in the center of the arch, and 30 feet at the ends- being arched underneath and level on the top. From the bottom of the ravine a spruce pine has grown up to a height of 4 feet above the bridge,
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CARTER COUNTY.
making its entire height 200 feet. The sides of the ravine are so rugged that, were it not for a natural stairway, a person desiring to descend from the top of the bridge to the ravine below would have to walk probably two miles. The celebrated Natural Bridge of Virginia, which is said to be less pictur- esque and attractive in its surroundings than this, is also less in some of its dimensions-being 90 feet in the span, 220 feet high, 80 feet wide, and 50 feet thick .* Two other natural bridges, much smaller, are in this neighborhood.
Cascades .- A short distance, 100 feet, below the natural bridge, is a cas- cade with a fall of 75 feet ; and another, 2 miles distant, with a fall of 200 feet.
Sinking Creeks .- In the vicinity of the bridge are two streams known as Big Sinkey and Little Sinkey, which emerge from the ground, good-sized streams, flow about two miles, and again disappear. -
An Artesian Well, in the same neighborhood, formerly threw up a jet about 4 feet high, of the size of a common barrel; but, having been obstructed by stones and trunks of trees thrown into it by persons curious to ascertain its depth, it now only plays to the height of a foot above the level of the pool.
Caves .- The second largest of a series of caves in the neighborhood of the natural bridge, is Swingle s. 30 yards distant-still unexplored beyond a dis tance of about 2 miles. The entrance is very large, then contracting so as to require stooping for 60 feet, enlarges to a height of 10 feet or more. This cave was once the rendezvous for a band of counterfeiters; and in the early history of the state, gunpowder was manufactured there. Many of the salt- peter troughs can yet be distinctly seen.
About a third of a mile distant, is the Bat cave-so called from the in- numerable swarms of bats. It is the largest of the group. Near the entrance, the cave descends perpendicularly about 20 feet to the floor. Four different apartments and roads branch off. The main avenue is 2 miles long, and the whole mountain seems to be hollow. The cave is damp, and the atmosphere at times oppressive. In one of the apartments a spring of pure water issues from a cave in the rock. Twenty-five years ago, many names and dates were found written on the walls, some as far back as the time of our early pioneers. The cave was then also remarkable for being the place where was tried the first jury case ever tried in that part of Kentucky.
The entrance to the " X" cave is gained by ascending a ladder about 50 feet. It is less extensive than the foregoing, but is said to exceed all the others in grandeur.
The Laurel cave, about half a mile from Swingle's, is unlike the others, and has its peculiar attractions.
The Kenton Salt Well is situated in the bed of Tygert creek, on the farm of Mr. Jacobs, about 6 miles N. w. of Grayson; so named " because Simon Kenton manufactured salt here, on the first settlement of the country." [See Ky. Geol. Survey, ii, 366.] There are other salt works a short distance s. E. of Grayson.
Quarry of Indian Arrow- Heads .- On the east side of Tygert creek, a quarter of a mile from the Kenton salt well, are several caves, which are formed in a local bed of coarse grindstone grit. The bedding faces of this rock in some places are thickly studded with angular fragments of horn-stone or flint. Extensive diggings are observed in this neighborhood, only about 6 or 7 feet deep, and often extending over half an acre or more of ground. Prof. Sidney S. Lyon, of the Kentucky geological survey, was satisfied that "these dig- gings were made by the aborigines of the country for the purpose of procur. ing the material from which they made their arrow-heads.'
CASEY COUNTY.
CASEY county, the 46th in order of formation, was organized in 1806, out of part of Lincoln county, and named in memory of
* The dimensions and part of the description are from the correspondence of the Taylorsville (Ky.) Index.
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CASEY COUNTY.
Col. Wm. Casey. It is situated in the middle part of the state, on the headwaters of Green river and of the Rolling Fork of Salt river; and is bounded N. by Boyle, E. by Lincoln, s. by Pulaski, and w. by Adair. The surface is high and broken ; the princi- pal productions are corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes.
Towns .- Liberty, the county seat, incorporated in 1830, con- tains a court house and public offices, 4 churches, 8 stores and groceries, 3 taverns, 11 mechanics' shops, 6 lawyers, 4 doctors ; population about 250. Middleburg, 7 miles N. E. of Liberty, and 16 miles from Shelby city. Mintonville, 18 miles s. E. of Liberty. Caseyville, a few miles s. E. of Liberty.
STATISTICS OF CASEY COUNTY,
When formed .. See page 26
¡ Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat .. pages 266, 268
Population, from 1810 to 1870. .p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, and hogs ...... p. 268
whites and colored ... .p. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
66 towns. .p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270 Latitude and longitude .p. 257
white males over 21. .. p. 266
children bet. 6 and 20 .. .. p. 266
Distinguished citizens. ........ see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, SINCE 1815.
Senate .- Jesse Coffey, 1833-34-35 ; Thos. S. Speed, 1848-49.
House of Representatives .- Win. Goode, 1815, '16, '19; Jesse Coffey, 1817; James Allen, 1818, '31; Christopher Riffe, 1820, '22, '27; Benj. W. Napier, 1824, '25; Lindsey Powell, 1826; Wm. Ray, 1828, '29, '30 ; Geo. C. Riffe, 1832, '33, '40; Geo. Drye, 1835, '39; John Riffe, 1838; Winston Bowman, 1841, '43, '44, '46; Peter B. Riffe, 1842; Thos. S. Speed, 1845; Gen. Franklin L. Wolford, 1847, '65-67 ; Hiram Thomas, 1843; Geo. Portman, Jr., 1849; Joel Murphy, 1850; Napoleon B. Stone, 1851-53 ; McDowell Fogle, 1855-57, 1859-61 ; Jas. M. C. Lisenby, 1861-63 ; Geo. W. Drye, 1867-69; Col. Silas Adams, 1869-71 ; Robinson Peyton, 1873-75. [See page 000.]
Colonel WILLIAM CASEY, in honor of whom this county received its name, was a native of Frederick county, Virginia. In company with two or three fami- lies, he removed to Kentucky in the early part of the winter of 1779-80; and during the intensely cold weather of that memorable winter, lived in a camp on the Hanging fork of Dick's river. He remained there until the year 1791 ; when under the influence of that spirit of adventure and change which marked the era in which he lived, he struck his tent, and removed to Russell's creek, a tributary of Green river, Here, at a distance of fifty miles from any white settlement, in conjunction with several families who pushed their fortunes with him, he located and built a station. Though feeble in numbers, the hardy band of pioneers by whom he was surrounded, and who reposed in him unbounded confidence as a leader, maintained themselves, gallantly and victoriously, against several attacks of the Indians. His station was subsequently reinforced by several families, whose presence was instrumental in preventing any further assault on the part of the Indians. In one of the incursions, however, of a small band of savages, Mr. John Tucker, a Methodist preacher, together with his wife, were cruelly murdered.
CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
CHRISTIAN county was formed in the year 1796, and named in honor of Colonel WILLIAM CHRISTIAN. It lies in the south-western part of the State, adjoining the Tennessee line: Bounded on the north by Hopkins and Muhlenburg ; east by Todd; south by the State of Tennessee, and west by Trigg.
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CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
This county is twenty-two miles wide and thirty-two long, containing an area of seven hundred and four miles, and is the eleventh county in the State in point of wealth. The southern division of the county is generally composed of rich, fertile, level bottoms, and produces fine crops of tobacco, corn, wheat, rye, oats, and grass. The northern division is broken, and in some portions almost mountainous, with a soil less fertile, but suffi- ciently rich to sustain a large population-finely timbered, well watered, and abounding in inexhaustible beds of coal and iron ore. The general basis of the soil is a red clay, founded on cav- ernous limestone; and like most of the southern counties, abounds in sinks, caves and caverns, The situation of the coun- ty is elevated, and the surface of the country has a descending inclination in all directions from the centre, as it contains the head waters of Pond, Trade Water, Little, and the west fork of Red rivers : The first emptying into Green river, the second into the Ohio, and the two last into Cumberland river. Mineral and Sulphur springs abound, and many invalids visit them during the watering season. The staple products are corn, wheat, oats and tobacco-not less than 6,500 hogsheads of the latter article being exported annually ; while coal from the mines, in large quanti -. ties, finds its way to market.
There are eleven Towns in Christian county. Hopkinsville, the county seat, was laid out in 1799, on the lands of Bartholo- mew Wood, and called Elizabethtown-by which name it was known for several years. In 1804, it was incorporated by its present name, in honor of Gen. Samuel Hopkins. It is now an incorporated city, with a population in 1870 of 3,136, and on Jan. 1, 1873, of about 3,600. It has 4 warehouses engaged in the inspection and sale of tobacco, and 1 re-handling establish- ment ; is the most important station on the Evansville, Hender- son, and Nashville railroad ; and the seat of one of the great charities of the state, the Western Lunatic Asylum. Petersburg, 18 miles N. of Hopkinsville, on the Henderson and Madisonville railroad, population about 100. Fairview, 12 miles E., popula- tion about 250, is partly in Christian and partly in Todd county ; in the latter part, the house now occupied by Andrew J. Ken- ner, is pointed out as that in which ex-President Jefferson Davis
was born. Pembroke, 10 miles s. E., population in 1870, 278. Oakgrove, 13 miles s. E., on the Clarksville road. Longview, 8 miles s., on the turnpike to Clarksville, population about 100. Garretsburgh, 16 miles s., near the Tennessee line, population about 125. Bennetttown, 12 miles s. w., population about 125. St. Elmo, on Tennessee state line, 12 miles from Hopkinsville, population about 40. Belleview, S miles s. w., population about 140. Lafayette, 20 miles s. w., near the Tennessee line, popula- tion in 1870, 215. Crofton, 16 miles s. w., on E., H. and N. railroad, population about 150.
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CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
STATISTICS OF CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 Corn, wheat, hay, tobacco .. pages 266, 268
.p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs. .p. 268
Population, from 1800 to 1870 whites and colored .P. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
towns.
.p. 262 | Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270
white males over 21 .p. 266 Latitude and longitude. p. 257
children bet. 6 and 20. .. p. 266 | Distinguished citizens. ........ .see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM CHRISTIAN COUNTY, SINCE 1847.
Senate .- Ben. Edwards Gray, 1847-51; Jas. F. Buckner, 1855-59 ; B. II. Bristow, 1863-65 ; W. W. Mckenzie, 1865-67 ; E. P. Campbell, 1871-73 ; Walter Evans, 1873-75
House of Representatives .- Jas. F. Buckner and Lysias F. Chilton, 1847 ; John Mc- Larning, 1848; Daniel H. Harrison, 1849 : Edmund Wooldridge and Winston J. Davie, 1850 ; John J. Thomas, 1851-53 ; Drury M. Wooldridge, 1853-55 ; Ben. Berry, 1855- 57 ; Jas. S. Jackson, 1857-59; Wm. Brown, 1859-61 ; Geo. Poindexter 1861-63 and 1865-67 ; E. A. Brown, 1863-65 ; Jas. A. Mckenzie, 1867-71; Walter Evans, 1871-73; O. S. Parker, 1873-75.
[ See page 773.]
WESTERN LUNATIC ASYLUM .- On the 28th of February, 1848, the legisla- ture of Kentucky provided for the location and erection of a second Lunatic Asylum. The "Spring Hill " tract of 383 acres of land (which proved to be of "indifferent quality "), on the turnpike road east of Hopkinsville, was purchased for $1,971.50 (only $5.14 per acre). This sum was refunded by the citizens, and $2,000 additional paid by them. There was expended upon buildings and other improvements in 1849, $43,052, in 1850, $43,434; the additional outlays for these purposes do not appear in any documents before us. The legislature appropriated $15,000 in 1848, $20,000 in 1849, $45,000 · in 1850, $35,000 in 1851, $43,000 in 1852, $44,017 in 1854-total $202,017.
On Sept. 18, 1854, the first patients were received. By Dec. 1, 1857, 208 had been admitted, but only 102 were then in the institution; the others having died, eloped, or been restored and discharged, under the care of the superintendent, Dr. S. Annan. No. admitted in 1858, 106, and in 1859, to Dec. Ist, 129-total for two years, 235; during same time, 133 were dis- charged, of whom 65 were restored, 56 died, 10 eloped.
On Nov. 30, 1861, the main building was destroyed at mid-day by fire- which caught from sparks from a chimney falling upon the shingle roof. (It had " once or twice before caught fire near the same place.") The 210 patients escaped uninjured, except one who fastened himself in his room, near where the fire originated, and perished in the flames. The court house and other buildings in Hopkinsville were kindly tendered for the use of the unfortunates ; 23 hewed-log cabins were speedily erected, at about $90 each ; and every thing done that could well be to mitigate the sufferings of the patients.
The walls being mainly uninjured, it was estimated that "$50,000 would replace the brick and wood work," and $67,000 more (including $3.856 for tin roof and gutters) would complete the building. In Feb., 1861, the legis- lature made an appropriation to begin it, and before Jan. 1, 1867, had ap- propriated in all $258,930 to complete the rebuilding. This-added to the managers' " probable net valuation of the property " after the destruction by fire of the interior of the main building, $145,420 (exclusive of the enhanced value of the land itself)-makes the total value of the improvements at that time (1867), $404,350-providing comfortably for 325 patients.
Some time in 1863, the present able and successful superintendent, Dr. James Rodman, took charge of the asylum. The total number of patients received and treated, up to Oct. 10, 1871, was 1,273-of whom 321 were then in the asylum. "Calculated upon the number of patients received, 50.847 per cent. were discharged restored, 8 were discharged more or less improved, 2 were unimproved, I eloped, and 22 died " (9 of tubercular consumption). The two lunatic asylums were, in Oct., 1871, full; and in Dec., 1872, a number of lunaties were confined in apartments in jails, or at home, awaiting increased facilities by the state for their care. "There is (nearly) one in- sane person in every 1,000 of the population "-at least 1,400 in Kentucky, of whom there is room in the two asylums for only 850 ; and both are full !
Christian county contains several exceedingly interesting natural curiosities. Ist. Two of the forks of Little river sink and disappear entirely in the earth
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WILLIAM CHRISTIAN.
for many miles, when they emerge and flow on about their usual width. 2d. The Pilot Rock, a rare curiosity, is situated about twelve miles from Hopkinsville, rather north of an east direction. The rock rests upon elevated ground, and is about two hundred feet in height. Its summit is level, and covers about half an acre of ground, which affords some small growth and wild shrubbery. This rock attracts great attention, and is visited by large numbers of persons, particu- larly in the summer months. Its elevated summit, which is reached without much difficulty, affords a fine view of the surrounding country for many miles. present- ing a prospect at once picturesque, magnificent and beautiful. 3d. Situated in the northern extremity of this county, near " Harrison's tanyard," about twenty miles from Hopkinsville, is a Natural Bridge, somewhat similar, but on a reduced scale, to the celebrated rock bridge in Virginia, which was considered by Mr. Jefferson the greatest natural curiosity in the world. The bridge in question crosses a deep ravine, is thirty feet in height, with a span of sixty feet, and a magnificent arch. The surface is perfectly level, and the general width about five feet. The scenery in the vicinity of the bridge is remarkably romantic, and presents great attractions to the lovers of the picturesque in nature.
The first settlement in the county was made in 1785, by John Montgomery and James Davis, from Virginia, on the west fork of Red river, where they built a block house. At or near this block house, was a large cave, which served as a hiding place for themselves and families against the attacks of Indians.
Col. WILLIAM CHRISTIAN, in honor of whom this county received its name, was a native of Augusta county, Virginia. He was educated at Stanton, and when very young, commanded a company attached to Col. Bird's regiment, which was ordered to the frontier during Braddock's war. In this service, he obtained the reputation of a brave, active and efficient officer. Upon the termination of Indian hostilities, he married the sister of Patrick Henry, and settled in the county of Bottetourt. In 1774, having received the appointment of colonel of militia, he raised about three hundred volunteers, and by forced marches, made a distance of two hundred miles, with the view of joining the forces under General Lewis, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha. He did not arrive, however, in time to par- ticipate in the battle of Point Pleasant. which occurred on the preceding day. the 10th of October, 1774. In 1775, he was a member of the general state convention of Virginia. In the succeeding year, when hostilities had commenced between Great Britain and the American colonies, he received the appointment of colonel in the Virginia line of the regular army, and took command of an expedition, composed of 1200 men, against the Cherokee Indians. No event of moment occurred in this expedition, the Indians having sued for peace, which was con- cluded with them. After his return from this expedition, Colonel Christian resigned his command in the regular service, and accepted one in the militia, at the head of which he kept down the tory spirit in his quarter of Virginia through- out the revolutionary struggle. Upon the conclusion of the war, he represented his county in the Virginia legislature for several years, sustaining a high reputa- tion for his civil as well as his military talents.
In 1785, Colonel Christian emigrated to Kentucky, and settled on Bear-grass. The death of Colonel Floyd, who was killed by an Indian in 1783, rendered his location peculiarly acceptable to that section of the state, where a man of his intelligence, energy and knowledge of the Indian character, was much needed. In April of the succeeding year, 1786, a body of Indians crossed the Ohio and stole a number of horses on Bear-grass, and with their usual celerity of move- ment, recrossed the river, and presuming they were in no further danger of pursuit, leisurely made their way to their towns. Colonel Christian immediately raised a party of men, and crossed the Ohio in pursuit of the marauders. Having found their trail, by a rapid movement he overtook them about twenty miles from the river, and gave them battle. A bloody conflict ensued, in which Colonel Chris- tian and one man of his party were killed, and the Indian force totally destroyed." His death created a strong sensation in Kentucky. He was brave, intelligent and remarkably popular.
*Vide Marshall's History, vol. 1. page 223. This account varies in some of its particulars from that which appears in the biographical skeich of Lieutenant Governor Bullitt, who belonged to the party of Colonel Christian. See Bullitt county.
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CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
There is a remarkable Spring near St. Elmo and the state line of Tennessee, of great depth and unfathomed, which flows regularly a stream of water powerful enough to run a mill.
First Public Building .- The late Gov. John Reynolds, in his Life and Times, page 25, says that when, in emigrating from Tennessee to Illinois, he " passed the site of the present Hopkinsville, in February, 1800, the jail was the only building in the place."
JEFFERSON DAVIS, ex-president of the Confederate States of America, was born in Christian county, Ky., (in that part now included in Todd county), June 3, 1808; but with his father removed to Mississippi in his infancy. He returned to Kentucky for awhile, as a student at Transylvania University ; was a cadet at West Point Military Academy, 1824-28, and graduated, 1828; second lieutenant of infantry, 1828-33; first lieutenant of dragoons, . 1833- 35; served in various campaigns against the Indians, and was distinguished as a subordinate officer in the Black Hawk campaign; resigned his army commission, 1835, and became a planter in Mississippi. Mr. Davis began his political career as presidential elector, 1844; was elected to congress, 1845- 47, but resigned, 1846, to take a coloneley of a Mississippi regiment enlisted for the Mexican war ; was promoted brigadier-general, for gallant conduct at Buena Vista-where, it was claimed, his regiment, by its steadiness and valor in repelling the final charge of the enemy, turned a doubtful battle into a great victory ; in 1847, was appointed by the governor of Mississippi to fill a vacancy in the U. S. senate, and subsequently was unanimously elected by the legislature to the same, 1847-51; resigned, 1850, to make the race for gover- nor of Mississippi, against Henry Stuart Foote; was re-elected U. S. senator, 1852, but resigned to accept the position of secretary of war under President Pierce, 1853-57; in 1857, was again elected to the U. S. senate, from which he withdrew, Jan. 8, 1861, Mississippi having seceded from the Union.
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