USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 77
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# This closing scene was communicated to the author, in June, 1871. by Mrs. Jano Allen Stuart ( mother of Judge James Stuart), of Owensboro, Ky., aged 87, a daughter of Wm. MeClure and niece of the Robert Mcclure above.
+ Dr. Robert Peter, in Ky. Geological Survey, ii, 237-8.
475
LINCOLN COUNTY.
The Crab Orchard Springs, as a watering place, has been for forty years one of the most popular in the state. The large hotel was burned down in the spring of 1871 ; but. under a change of owner, new buildings were imme- diately erected, and in 1872 an additional large and handsome brick building- 148 feet front, with two L's, each 164 feet deep, and with over 250 rooms, to be heated by ste im and lighted by gas-to be used during the scholastic year as a female boarding school, but in the summer season as a hotel.
The First Court ever held in Kentucky was for Lincoln county, and organ- ized at Harrodsburg, Jan. 16, 1781. A commission from the governor of Virginia, was produced and read-appointing the following 13 "gentlemen" justices of the peace, to hold the county court, and commissioners to be of any court of over and terminer or for the trial of slaves-one of the first 7 to be a part of each court to make it legal : John Bowman, Benjamin Logan, John Logan, John Cowan, John Kennedy, Hugh McGary, Wm. Craig, Stephen Trigg, Abraham Bowman, Isaac Hite, Wm. McBride, Wm. Mcafee, and James Estill. [Two were already dead when the commission was received- killed by Indians-Kennedy and McAfee ; and within 17 months after 3 more fell victims to the savages in battle-Trigg, McBride, and Estill.]
Benj. Logan and John Cowan first administered to John Bowman the oath- 1. Of allegiance to the commonwealth of Virginia, 2. Of a justice of the peace, 3. Of a commissioner or judge of oyer and terminer. John Bowman then administered said oaths to Messrs. Benjamin and John Logan, MeGary, Trigg, and McBride. John Cowan, because he had already taken the oath of fidelity to the United States, refused to take the oath of allegiance to the state of Virginia ; but having slept upon it, and received new light, came into court next morning, and " took the oath " and a seat upon the bench. The others qualified when they could conveniently come to court, except Abraham Bow- man, who removed to Fayette county.
On Jan. 21, 1783, the court was increased in numbers by the commission and qualification of George Adams, John Edwards, Hugh Logan, Gabriel Madison, and Alex. Robertson, gentlemen. At the Sept. term, ensuing, Wm. Montgomery, Sen. ; at the Nov. term, Isaac Shelby, Christopher Irvine, and John Snoddy ; at the Feb. term, 1784, Wm. Cave; and at the Nov. term, James Speed, became justices, and members of the court. In Feb., 1787, shortly after the formation of Madison and Mercer counties had taken off large portions of the territory, with the justices residing therein, eight new justices were commissioned by the governor of Virginia.
The County Seat .- Lincoln county in 1781 embraced an immense territory, extending from Cumberland Gap to the Mississippi river-all that lay south of Kentucky river (as far west as what is now the E. line of Washington, Marion, and Adair counties), and all south and west of Green river. Har- rodsburg was central enough in territory, but not in population ; the bulk of which lay eastward of that town. At the Feb. term, 1781, Col. Ben. Logan came into court and offered 10 acres of land [at his station, or St. Asaph ] in- cluding the Buffalo spring, for building a court house and other public build- ings; and also 50 acres, one mile distant, nearly s. E. from said spring [now Stanford] so long as the court of Lincoln county shall continue there. "As it appears to the court to be the most convenient place, it is ordered that the courts be held there for the future." Iu April, 1781, two justices were ap pointed " to contract with any person who will undertake the building of a cou t house and prison at the Buffalo spring at St. Asaph's." At May term, 1783, a committee was appointed "to employ persons to remove the court house and prison to such place on the land laid off for that purpose as they shall think most convenient, and to be completed in such manner as they shall direct;" and at the August term, Benjamin and Hugh Logan were ap- pointed " to view and receive the prison and court house, if completed agree- able to contract." In Feb., 1785, was let " the building of a prison, with two rooms of 12 feet square each, to be built with logs," ete. ; and Col. Ben. Logan was appointed to have the court house and table repaired, and have " a barr erected in the court house." The lawyers and regular attendants must have been quite industrious in whittling; as in August, 1787, £4 23. 6d. were paid for making a table and repairing the "barr." At the May term, 1756,
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LINCOLN COUNTY.
the court ordered " that the court house and prison be removed to the town of Standford, on the lands conveyed by Benjamin Logan, Gent., to the court, and that Wm. Montgomery be directed to employ some person to execute the same, and make the necessary repairs and additions." At July term, 1786, " ordered that the dwelling house of Col. Benjamin Logan be made and considered as the gaol of this county, until further provision be made by the court." But at the August term, both the last two orders were " set aside and annulled," and Col. Logan's dwelling house ceased to be the jail. At the Feb. term, 1787, four magistrates were appointed " to let the building of a court house-the body to be of good white ash or oak loggs well hewed and Dufftailed, 30 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet pitch, to be covered with lapt shingles ; 2 jury rooms (of the same kind of logs and roof,) one on each side of the house, at the end where the door is to open so that the whole building shall form a T; the floors to be laid of good oak or white ash plank, at least two inches thick; and the commissioners are to direct the manner of making and placing the doors, windows, barr, bench, &c." At the April term, 1787, "ordered that the court be adjourned to the new public building in the town of Standford, and there held for the future;" signed by Isaac Shelby [ afterwards governor], who was the presiding justice. "And then a court was held at the said new public building on the same day and year aforesaid."
The First Surveyor of Lincoln county was James Thompson, appointed in January, 1781; and his deputies, appointed and qualified at the same term, were-John Cowan, Hubbard Taylor, Wm. Montgomery, Samuel Henry, and James Hord ; at February term, Benj. Stansberry, John Ray, Wm. MeBrayer, James Brown, Isaac Hite ; at April term, Thos. Hutchins, Green Clay, Samuel Davis, John Donaldson, Jr. ; in May, John South and Jesse Cartwright; in July, Wm. McBride; in November, Geo. Edwards, Thos. Allin, Samuel Grant; in June, 1782, Wm. Henry and Wm. B. Harris ; in Jan., 1783, Abra- ham Buford, Christopher Irvine, Hugh Ross, Jeremiah Briscoe, James Ken- nedy, Presley Carr Lane, Henry Smith; in February, James Renfro, Wm. Smith, James French; in March, Arthur Fox, Chas. Campbell, Chas. Smith, Bartlett Collins ; Aug. 19, 1783, DANIEL BOONE. From 1780 to 1787, sur- veyors were in great demand, because of the immense bodies of land taken up.
The First Sherif of Lincoln county was Col. John Bowman, Jan., 1781; the second, Col. Ben. Logan, Nov., 1783; the third, John Cowan, Feb., 1785. The First Clerk of Lincoln county was Wm. May, Jan., 1781 ; who resigned May, 1783, and was succeeded by Willis Green.
The First County Lieutenant of Lincoln county was Col. John Bowman, Jan., 1781; he had previously been county lieutenant for the whole district as Kentucky county. In July, 1781, Col. Ben. Logan was appointed.
The First Regimental Militia Officers in Lincoln county were Stephen Trigg, colonel, Jan., 1781 ; John Logan, lieutenant colonel, Jan., 1782; Hugh Me- Gary, major, July, 1781. Ben. Logan was appointed lieutenant colonel and James Harrod major, in Jan., 1781; but each having previously held a higher grade, refused the new commission.
Gen. CHRISTOPHER RIFFE (pronounced Rife), the first settler of that part of Lincoln county which is now Casey county, was born of German parents, in Maryland in 1765, married in Virginia before he was 18, and died March 25, 1852, aged 85. He emigrated in 1784 to Bourbon co., Ky., lived awhile at Bryan's station, at Boonesborough, and at Logan's station; and in 1788 settled at Carpenter's station, 2 miles w. of Hustonville, and } mile N. of Green river (about } mile from Middleburg). Thence he removed 8 miles s. E., and built a cabin in the spring of 1793, where he spent the summer. In the fall, from Carpenter's station was sent warning of danger from Indians; which he was disposed to disregard, saying, " By shinks, I ain't afraid of 'em "-and this, notwithstanding he had, less than an hour before, killed a deer on the s. side of the river, and while skinning it, seen 5 or 6 Indians pass overhead on the cliff. He yielded, and took his wife and child to the station; but returning next day, found every thing destroyed except his cabin-even the beds ripped and the fouthers scattered ; and a huge stone pipe, with a long stem or cane
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LINCOLN COUNTY.
to it, stuck in a crack of the door, and these words written on the door with charcoal, " Ain't this the devil of a pipe !"
In 1808, Gen. Riffe was a member of the Kentucky house of representatives, occupying a seat between Henry Clay and Humphrey Marshall, when the latter gave the insult which resulted in a duel. The former resented it on the spot, attacking Marshall, but Riffe (who was a tall, muscular, and powerful man), seized each with one hand and held them apart, saying earnestly, "Come, poys, no fighting here, I whips you both " and closed the scene for the present.
1
In the year 1781 or 2, near the Crab Orchard, in Lincoln county, a very singu- lar adventure occurred at the house of a Mr. Woods. One morning he left his family, consisting of a wife, a daughter not yet grown, and a lame negro man, and rode off to the station near by, not expecting to return till night. Mrs. Woods being a short distance from her cabin, was alarmed by discovering sev- eral Indians advancing towards it. She instantly screamed loudly in order to give the alarm, and ran with her utmost speed, in the hope of reaching the house before them. In this she succeeded, but before she could close the door, the fore- most Indian had forced his way into the house. He was instantly seized by the lame negro man, and after a short scuffle, they both fell with violence, the negro underneath. Mrs. Woods was too busily engaged in keeping the door closed against the party without, to attend to the combatants ; but the lame negro, hold- ing the Indian tightly in his arms, called to the young girl to take the axe from under the bed and dispatch him by a blow on the head. She immediately attempted it; but the first attempt was a failure. She repeated the blow and killed him. The other Indians were at the door, endeavoring to force it open with their tomahawks. The negro rose and proposed to Mrs. Woods to let in another, and they would soon dispose of the whole of them in the same way. The cabin was but a short distance from the station, the occupants of which having discov- ered the perilous situation of the family, fired on the Indians and killed another, when the remainder made their escape.
In 1793, a number of families removing to Kentucky, were attacked near the Hazel Patch, on the Cumberland road, by a strong party of Indians. A portion of the men fought bravely, and several of them were killed. The others ran away, and left the women and children to be made captives. The fate of the prisoners is not mentioned by the historian .*
In the year 1780, Captain Joseph Daveiss, (the father of Colonel Joseph H. and Captain Samuel Daveiss,) residing at that time on Clark's run, while break- ing up the ground in a field lying near the creek, turned up fourteen conch shells, quite smooth, and of a larger size than any now imported into the country. Sev- en of these shells were in a perfect state of preservation-the others somewhat decomposed. A portion of them were used, for many years, by the family of Captain Daveiss, for summoning the hands to their meals.
In the month of May, 1781, a hail storm passed over this section of Kentucky, of a remarkable character. The hail, which fell in great quantities, was gener- ally about the size of hen's eggs, but some measured nine inches in circumference. The dark cloud, which overhung the heavens, the vivid flashes of lightning, the terrible rattling of hail, and the deafening roar of thunder, produced general con- sternation. The destruction was complete to the growing crops, while a large portion of the young animals, both domestic and wild, in the route of the storm were destroyed.
In the year 1786, Colonel John Logan, of Lincoln county, received intelli- gence that one of the inhabitants of the county, by the name of Luttrell, had been killed by the Indians on Fishing creek. He immediately collected a small
· Marshall.
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478
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
militia force, repaired to the place of the outrage, and getting upon the trail, pur- sued the Indians across the Cumberland river into their own territory. Here he overtook the marauders, and a conflict ensued, in which the Indians were speed- ily defeated-several of their number being killed and the remainder dispersed. Colonel Logan retook the property which the Indians had carried off from the white settlements, with all the furs and skins belonging to the camp, and returned home in triumph.
General BENJAMIN LINCOLN, in honor of whom this county received its name, was a native of Massachusetts, and an eminent American revolutionary general. In 1776, when he had attained his 42d year, the council of Massachusetts appointed him a brigadier general, and soon after a major-general of militia. The congress subsequently, by the recommendation of General Washington, conferred - on him the appointment of major-general of the continental forces. He serveil as second in command under General Gates, at the capture of Burgoyne's army, where he was severely wounded. In 1778, he was designated by Congress to conduct the war in the southern states. He continued in command of the south- ern army until the capture of Charleston in 1780, where he was made a prisoner of war. In 1781, having been previously exchanged, he commanded a division at Yorktown, and was honored by General Washington with the office of receiv- ing and directing the distribution of the conquered troops. In October of the same year, he was appointed by Congress secretary of war, which situation he held till 1784, when he retired to his farm. He was afterwards instrumental in suppressing the insurrection of Shays in Massachusetts ; and filled several im- portant appointments under the national and state governments. He was also a member of several learned societies. He died in 1810, aged 77 years.
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
LIVINGSTON county-established in 1798, out of part of Chris- tian county, and named in honor of Robert R. Livingston, of New York-was the 29th formed in the state. It is situated in the extreme western part ; is bounded N. and w. by the Ohio river, E. by Crittenden and Lyon counties, and s. by Marshall county ; the Tennessee river forms the s. boundary line, and the Cumberland river part of the E. boundary, thence passing through the center of the county. The general appearance of the county is undulating, but hilly and broken in places, with sandstone and limestone interspersed, and is mostly well timbered; the river bottoms are remarkably rich. Staple products-corn, oats, pota- toes, and tobacco ; exports-horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs. The county abounds in iron ore of excellent quality ; and some coal from the " Union Company's " mine gave, upon analysis, a large proportion of good coke, and would make a superior gas coal.
Towns .- Smithland, the county seat, is situated on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Cumberland, 12 miles above Paducah, 59 above Cairo, and 310 below Louisville; population by the U. S. census in 1870, 690-a decrease since 1850 of 192. Salem, 12 miles from Marion, Crittenden co. ; population 50 in 1870, 192 in 1860, and 233 in 1840. Birdsville, Carrsville, Frenchtown, Oakridge, and Pinkneyville are post-offices, or small villages.
479
LOGAN COUNTY.
STATISTICS OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
When formed. See page 26 Corn, wheat, hay, tobacco .. pages 266, 268
... p. 258 Horses, mules, cattle, hogs ......... .. p. 268
Population, from 1800 to 1870. whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
. towns .. ... p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value ....... p. 270
“ white males over 21 .p. 266 Latitude and longitude .p. 257
children bet. 6 and 20 ..... p. 266
Distinguished citizens ... see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM LIVINGSTON COUNTY, SINCE 1815.
Senate .- Fidelio C. Sharp, 1814-16 ; Dickson Givens, 1817-22, '25-29; Jas. Camp- bell, 1832. [See Henderson co.]
House of Representatives .- Dickson Givens, 1815, '16 ; Christopher Haynes, 1817, '18, Wmn. Gray, 1819; John Berry, 1820, '22; Wm. Gordon, 1824, '25; Jos. Hughes, 1826, '27, '29, '31, '32, '38 ; David W. Patterson, 1828 ; Wiley P. Fowler, 1830; Wm John'- son, 1833; Richard Miles, 1835; Patterson C. Lander, 1836; Thos. Bradford, 1837; Jesse Padon, 1839 ; Jos. Watts, 1840 ; John S. Gilliam, 1841, '42; Francis H. Dallam, 1844, '45 ; Robertus S. Boyd, 1846, '47; Wm. R. Gordon, 1848; Samuel A. Kingman, 1849, 50; Jas. K. Huey, 1857-59 ; George R. Merritt, expelled Dec. 21, '61, succeeded by Jonas Martin, 1862-63 ; Thos. Linley, 1863-65; Theodore Thomson, 1865-67 ; J. L. Hibbs, 1869-71 ; C. H. Webb, 1871-75. From Livingston and Crittenden counties- Jas. L. Alcorn, 1843.
The First Entry of Lands in the office of the Virginia military district- when opened at Louisville, July 20, 1784, by Col. Richard C. Anderson (father of Richard Clough Anderson, jr., Brig. Gen. Robert Anderson, both deceased, and of ex-Lieut. Gov. of Ohio, Chas. Anderson, of Lyon co., Ky., and of Larz Anderson, of Cincinnati)-was made in the name of Wm. Brown, at the mouth of Cumberland river, in Kentucky.
Lusk's Ferry, opposite the present town of Golconda, Illinois, was one of the two great crossing places on the Ohio for emigrants to Illinois territory. The road north of the river connected with the old French military road from Fort Massac or Massacre, on the Ohio river, to Kaskaskia-on which the numbers of the miles were cut in ciphers with an iron, and painted red. .
ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, a distinguished American statesman, was born in the city of New York in 1746 ; studied and practiced law with great success; was a member of the first general congress ; was one of the committee which prepared the Declaration of Independence ; in 1780 was appointed secretary of foreign affairs, and throughout the Revolution signalized himself by his zeal and efficiency in the cause; was for many years chancellor of his native state, and in 1801, was appointed by President Jefferson minister to France. He was a general favorite at the French capital, and in conjunction with Mr. Monroe conducted the treaty which resulted in the cession of Louisiana to the United States. He died in 1813.
LOGAN COUNTY.
LOGAN county was one of the first seven counties organized immediately after the admission of Kentucky into the Union as a state, and in the same year, 1792; was the 13th in order of formation, made from part of Lincoln county, embraced nearly all of the state lying south of Green river, and was named after Gen. Benjamin Logan. It is situated in the southern section ; and bounded x. by Muhlenburg and Butler counties, E. by Warren and Simpson, s. by the Tennessee state line, and w. by Todd county. The principal streams are Red river, running w. into the Cumberland near Clarksville, Tenn. ; Muddy river, N. w. into Green river, near Rochester, Butler co .; Gaspar river, also N. w. into Green river ; and their tributaries, Whippoorwill,
480
LOGAN COUNTY.
Black Lick, and Wolf Lick creeks. The northern portion is undulating and broken, but contains many rich and cultivated tracts of land, is heavily timbered, and finely watered ; the southern portion is level, extremely fertile, highly cultivated, well watered but not heavily timbered ; the subsoil is red clay. The staplo commodities are wheat, corn, tobacco, and hogs. In 1870, in numerical order, Logan was the largest wheat-producing county in the state, the 13th each in corn and hogs, and the 12th in to- bacco.
Towns .- Russellville, the county seat, is situated near the center of the county, on the head waters of Muddy river, on the Louis- ville and Memphis railroad, and at the crossing of the Owensboro and Russellville railroad ; is 180 miles from Frankfort, 143 from Louisville, 30 from Bowlinggreen, 00 from Owensboro, and 00 from Nashville, Tenn. It contains Bethel college, Logan female college, 11 lawyers, 6 physicians, 2 banks, 25 stores, 4 saloons, 2 hotels, 2 steam mills, 1 steam tannery, and 1 agricultural imple- ment establishment ; population in 1870, 1,843-an increase of seventy per cent. since 1860 ; laid off and settled in 1795, but not incorporated, or " established " by act of the legislature, until Jan. 13, 1810; named after Gen. Wm. Russell, a distinguished officer of the Revolutionary army, and original owner of the land. Auburn, 12 miles from Russellville, contains 6 stores, 2 hotels, 1 steam mill, 1 woolen mill, 1 tannery ; population in 1870, 610; incorporated in 1865. South Union, 15 miles E. of Russellville, a very neat village whose inhabitants mostly are Shakers ; popu- lation in 1870, 263. Gordonsville, 8 miles from Russellville ; population in 1870, 221 ; incorporated in 1861. Adairville, named after Gov. Adair, 12 miles s. of Russellville, and the last Ky. station on the Owensboro and Russellville railroad ; has 2 hotels and 6 stores ; population in 1870, 214; incorporated in 1833. Keysburg, 16 miles from Russellville, has 4 stores and 1 hotel ; population in 1870, 133, and in 1860, 200; incorporated in 1837, and named after John Keys. Henrysville, Bucksville, Olmstead, and Allensville are small places or railroad stations.
STATISTICS OF LOGAN COUNTY.
When formed See page 26 | Tobacco, hay, corn, wheat ...... pp. 266, 268
Population, from 1800 to 1870 .. p. 258
Horses, mules, cattle, hogs p. 268
whites and colored. .p. 260 Taxable property in 1846 and 1870 .... p. 270
towns p. 262 Land-No. of acres, and value of .... p. 270 Latitude and longitude .. p. 257
white males over 21. .p. 266
children bet. 6 and 20 yrs. p. 266
Distinguished citizens. .. see Index.
MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM LOGAN COUNTY, SINCE 1814.
Senate .- Robert Ewing, 1814-18 ; Thos. S. Slaughter, 1819-22, '26-29 ; Presley Ed- wards, 1829 ; Chas. Morehead, 1822-24 ; Presley N. O'Bannon, 1824-26 ; John B. Bibb, 1830-34 ; Presley Morehead, 1834-38 ; Jas. V. Walker, 1838-50; Jas. W. Irwin, 1850, '51-53 ; Jacob S. Golladay, 1853-55 ; Geo. T. Edwards, 1855-59 ; Albert G. Rhea, 1859-63.
House of Representatives .- John Breathitt, 1815 ; John J. Crittenden, 1815, '16; Urban Ewing, 1816 ; Boanerges Roberts, 1817 ; Presley N. O'Bannon, 1817, '29, '21 ; Wm. J. Morton, Is18, and extra session May, 1822 ; Anthony Butler, 1818, '19; Card- well Breathitt, 1819 ; IIenly W. Moore, 1820, '21; Peter Hansbrough, Reuben Ewing, 1822; Presley Morehead, 1824. '30, '31, '33 ; Jas. Wilson, 1826 ; Jas. V. Walker, 1826, '34; John B. Bibb, 1827, '28; Drury W. Poor, 1828, '46 ; Elijah Hisc, 1329;
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LOGAN COUNTY.
Jas. W. Irwin, 1829, '35, '36, '37, '39, '42 ; Ephraim M. Ewing, 1830, '31, '32; David T. Smith, 1832 ; Richard B. Slaughter, 1833 ; John Grubbs, 1834 ; E. O. Hawkins. 1835, '36 ; Robert Browder. 1837, '38, '41, '57-59 ; Benj. E. Gray, 1838, '39; Jas. W. Davidson, Sherwood W. Atkinson, 1840; Wm. Kennedy, 1841; Geo. W. Ewing, 1842, '43, '44, '59-61, '61-63, expelled for connection with the Rebellion, Dec. 21st, 1861 ; David King, 1843 ; John F. Todd, 1844 ; Eli Orndorff, 1845 ; Robert C. Bowling. 1845, '47, '57-59; Albert G. Rhea, 1846, '48; Robert Harreld, 1847; Presley U. Ewing, 1848, '49 ; John H. Wood, 1849; Burwell C. Ritter, 1850 ; Jacob S. Golladay, 1850, '51-53 ; Samuel D. Burks, 1853-55; Jonathan R. Bailey (in place of Geo. W. Ewing), 1862-63, '63-65 ; P. A. Lyon, 1865-67 ; Francis Justice, 1867-69 ; Dr. Edmund Burr, 1869-71 ; Church H. Blakey, 1871-75.
There are many Mineral Springs in Logan county-Buena Vista, Cerro Gordo, and Bee Lick, the most prominent; some of these are fashionable resorts in the summer, and their waters have fine medicinal qualities.
In the Civil War, Logan county had over 1,000 soldiers in the Confederate army, many of them under Col. John W. Caldwell, 9th Ky .; and over 500 in the Federal army. The "Provisional Government of Kentucky " was or- ganized in Russellville, Nov. 18 and 19, 1861, but Bowlinggreen was made the ·new seat of government. (See Annals, page 19, vol. i.)
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