Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II, Part 51

Author: Collins, Lewis, 1797-1870. cn; Collins, Richard H., 1824-1889. cn
Publication date: 1874
Publisher: Covington, Ky., Collins & Co.
Number of Pages: 1654


USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. II > Part 51


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Antiquities .- The first court house in Harlan county was built upon a mound in Mount Pleasant -- upon which, in 1808, the largest forest trees were growing. In Aug., 1838, a new court house was erected upon the same mound, requiring a deeper foundation and more digging-with these discoveries : Human bones, some small, others very large, indicating that the bodies had been buried in a sitting posture; several skulls, with most of the teeth fast in their sockets, and perfect ; the skull of a female, with beads and other ornaments which apparently hung around the neck. Close by the larger bones was a half-gallon pot, superior in durability to any of modern ware; made of clay and of periwinkles pounded to powder ; glazed on the inside, and the outside covered with little rough knots, nearly an inch in length. A neat and well-formed pipe, of the usual shape, and various other ornaments and tools evincing ingenuity and skill were found; also, charcoal in a perfect state apparently. The mound abounded in shells, bones, and fragments of bones, in all stages of decay. They were found from three to five feet below the surface.


In 1870, more human bones were dug from it, together with nicely polished weights, and some pipes-made of a hard blue stone.


Water Courses .- Cumberland river runs a westward and south-westward course ; its tributaries from the southward are Wallin's, Browney's, Puckett's, Catharine, and Crank's creeks. Beech fork, Greasy fork, and Wolf creeks run northwestward into Kentucky river.


During the Civil War, Harlan county suffered greatly in the loss of some of her best citizens, among them the clerk of the county court. The court house and many valuable papers and documents in the clerks' offices, the jail, and a number of other houses in Mount Pleasant and elsewhere were burned either by soldiers or guerrillas.


Major SILAS HARLAN, in honor of whom this county received its name, was born in Berkley county, Virginia, near the town of Martinsburg. He came to Kentucky in 1774, and took a very active part in the battles and skirmishes with the Indians. He commanded a company of spies under General George Rogers Clark, in the Illinois campaigns in 1779, and proved himself a most active, ener- getic and efficient officer. General Clark said of him, that "he was one of the bravest and most accomplished soldiers that ever fought by his side." About the year 1778, he built a stockade fort on Salt river, 7 miles above Harrodsburg, which was called " Harlan's station." He was a major at the battle of the Blue Licks, and fell in that memorable contest at the head of the detachment com- manded by him. He was never married. In stature he was about six feet two inches high, of fine personal appearance, and was about thirty years old when he was killed. He was universally regarded as a brave, generous and active man


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HARRISON COUNTY.


Coal and Sandstone -In the range of the Little Black mountain, on the Clover fork, Clover Lick creek, Catron's, Meadow and Lick branches, the beds of coal vary from 3 to 6 feet, and one is reported to be 14 feet thick. Large blocks of cannel coal are found in some of the streams, indicating a good bed of cannel coal in the adjacent hills. On Tred's branch of Laurel, at the base of Lovely mountain, is a bed of semi-cannel and cannel coal, 3 feet 5 inches thick. Near this bed, but on Laurel creek, remarkably thin-bedded sandstone comes out near the water level-which can be obtained in large slabs so thin that they have been employed for covering bee-hives.


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HARRISON COUNTY.


HARRISON county-the 17th county in order, and the 8th formed after Kentucky became a state-was made in 1793 out of parts of Bourbon and Scott counties, and named after Col. Benj. Harrison, who was at the time a representative from Bourbon county in the Kentucky legislature. From the original territory of Harrison, portions have been taken to help form Campbell county in 1794, Pendleton and Boone in 1798, Owen in 1819, Grant in 1820, Kenton in 1840, and Robertson in 1867. It is situated in the north middle section of the state, lying on both sides of South Licking river ; is bounded y. by Pendleton county, N. E. by Bracken and Robertson, E. by Nicholas, s. by Bourbon, w. by Scott, and N. w. by Grant county. Main Licking river runs through a small portion of the county in the N. E., and the creeks emptying into it are Cedar, West, Beaver, and Richland, while Indian, Silas, Mill, Twin, and Raven put into South Lick- ing. About one-half of the county is gently undulating, rich, and very productive; the other portion, hilly and also quite produc- tive; the whole well adapted to grazing ; the soil based on red clay, with limestone foundation. This " blue limestone formation seems to be traversed by veins containing some sulphuret of lead, accompanied with sulphate of barytes. In the s. w. part, com- mencing 4 miles N. of Cynthiana, is a dark crumbling soil, based on a mulatto sub-soil derived from rough weathering sub-crystal- line, close-grained, light-grey limestones."


Towns .- Cynthiana, the county seat and chief town-named after Cynthia and Anna, two daughters of the original proprietor, Robert Harris, established Dec. 10, 1793, incorporated as a town in 1802 and as a city in 1860-is situated on the right bank of South Licking, or the South fork of Licking, 37 miles from Frankfort and 66 from Cincinnati, being connected with both cities by railroad .?. It contains a brick court house, 7 churches (Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Re- formed or Christian, besides 2, Methodist and Baptist, for colored people), 10 lawyers, 9 physicians, 8 dry goods stores, 16 groceries, 5 hotels, 2 acadenfies, 2 common schools, and 1 select school, 2 public halls, 2 drug stores, 2 mills, 3 distilleries, 5 wholesale whisky houses, 9 saloons and restaurants, 1 wool factory, 2 print- ing offices, 40 mechanics' shops, and a number of other stores and occupations ; population in 1870, 1,771. Large quantities of stock II ... 21


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are annually shipped from this point, north and east. Oddrille, 6 miles N. of Cynthiana, contains a Methodist church, school house, 1 doctor, 4 preachers, 3 stores and shops, and a steam mill ; about 60 inhabitants. Claysville, on Licking river at the mouth of Beaver creek-laid out by Alex. Curran and called Marysville, about 1799 or 1800, incorporated Dec., 1821 and name changed to Claysville-grew to be quite a flourishing commercial village, being a shipping point for the upper parts of Harrison and Bour- bon counties, until the K. C. R. R. was completed, when it began to decline ; population 125-93 whites and 32 blacks ; contains 3 stores and shops, hotel, school, 1 doctor ; 2 congregations, Re- formed or Christian, and Methodist, worshipping in the same edifice. Havilandsville, named after Robert Haviland, a small village near the Pendleton county line, 15 miles from Cynthiana, contains 1 store, a steam mill, school house, and church. Antioch, 13 miles from Cynthiana on the state road to Falmouth, contains 5 stores and shops, a flouring and saw mill, school house, church (Reformed), and 2 physicians. Berryville, formerly called Berry's Station, on the E. bank of South Licking, and a station on the K. C. R. R. ; contains 3 stores, several shops, 2 hotels, 1 public school, and 1 distillery, which makes annually 3,000 barrels of Bourbon whiskey ; population 230. Colemansville, 1} miles from Berry's Station on the K. C. R. R., has about 100 inhabitants ; 2 churches (Baptist and Reformed), one public and one private school, 4 stores and shops, 1 tavern, and 2 physicians ; has suf- fered greatly from destructive fires. Boyd's Station, on K. C. R. R., 16 miles N. of Cynthiana, contains 80 inhabitants, a store, hotel, steam mill, and distillery ; named after Andrew Boyd, a soldier of the war of 1812, who was still living, June, 1872. Robertson Station, 9 miles N. of Cynthiana, has 50 inhabitants, a store, school house, and mill. Connersville, 7 miles w. of the county seat, population 100; 4 stores and shops, a school house, and a doctor ; named after Lewis Conner. Leesburg, 10 miles s. w. of Cynthiana, contains 160 inhabitants, a carding factory, 6 stores and shops, hotel, 2 churches (Reformed or Christian, and Presbyterian), and 4 physicians ; this part of Harrison county is noted for the extreme fertility of the soil. Leeslick, 8 miles from Cynthiana, noted for its white sulphur springs, is a small village with a store and school. Lair's Station, on the K. C. R. R., 4 miles s. of Cynthiana, contains a store, wagon and blacksmith shops, 2 flour mills, 2 distilleries, and a school house ; population 125. Tricum, 6 miles w. of Cynthiana, on the Raven creek turnpike, has 40 inhabitants, 2 stores and a school house. Buena Vista, Scott Station, and Rutland are small villages, each contain- ing a store, church, school, and physician.


STATISTICS OF HARRISON COUNTY.


When formed. See page 26


Population, from 1800 to 1870 .p. 258


whites and colored. .p. 260


towns .. .p. 262


.€ white males over 21 p. 266


Tobacco, corn, wheat, hay .. pages 266, 268


Horses, mules, cattle, hogs .. .... p. 268


Taxable property, 1846 and 1870 ... p. 270 Land-No. of acres, and value ...... p. 270 Latitude and longitude .p. 257


children bet. 6 and 20. .. p. 266 Distinguished citizens. see Index.


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HARRISON COUNTY.


MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE FROM HARRISON COUNTY, SINCE 1814.


Senate .- Josephus Perrin, 1814-18, '18-22 : Peter Barrett, 1822-26, '26-30; John O. Beaseman, 1830-34 : Jos. Patterson, 1834-38; Hugh Newell, 1842-46: Wm. K. Wall, 1846-50; John Shawhan, 1851-55 ; John Williams, 1855-59 : Isaac T. Martin, 1867-71, died in 1870, and succeeded by Dr. Lewis Perrin, 1870-71.


House of Representatives .- Wm. K. Wall, 1815, 16, '17, '18 ; Gresham Forrest, 1815 ; Isaac Holmar, 1816 ; John Givins, 1817; Jos. Taylor, 1818; Stephen Barton, Peter Barrett, 1819 ; Benj. Warfield, 1820, '21 ; Jas. Patton. 1820 : Jos. Patterson, 1822, '26, '27, '30, '32 ; Samuel Griffith, 1821, '22 ; Nicholas D. Coleman, 1824, '25; Henry O. Brown, 1824 ; Josephus Perrin, 1825 ; John Trimble, 1826, '33, '34 : John O. Bease- man, 1827, '28, '29, '34, '35, '37, '42; Napoleon B. Coleman, 1828, '29, '31 ; Theophi- lus Chowning, 1830: Jas. C. Coleman, 1831 ; John Williams, 1832 ; Solomon C. Per- rin, 1833, '36 ; Larkin Garnett, 1835; Hugh Newell, 1836, '38, '39. '40, '47, '48, '57-59, '65-57 ; Benj. Brandon, 1837 ; Whitehead Coleman, 1838 : Dr. Alex. H. Innes, 1839, '40, '41 ; John Chowning, 1841; Lewis Perrin, Henry Thompson, 1843; Lucius Desha, 1844, '45, '46. '50, '61-63 ; Jos. Shawhan, 1844, '45. '47, '57-61 ; Napoleon B. Durbin, 1846 : John Shawhan, 1848, '50 : Addison L. Thomson, Stephen B. Curran, 1849; Alvin M. Hume, 1851-53 : John S. Boyd, 1851-55 : Duncan Harding, 1853-55 ; Thos. J. Terry, David H. Raymond, 1855-57 ; W'm. W. Cleary, 1859-61 ; A. Harry Ward, 1863-65 ; Mortimer D. Martin, 1867-69; Nehemiah C. Dille, 1869-71; Thos. J. Megibben, 1871-73; J. Quincy, Ward. 1873-75.


Distilleries -In Harrison county are 30 distilleries, which manufacture annually about 50,000 barrels of whiskey, much of it of quality unsurpassed in the world. The manufacture of, and trade in, this whisky constitute the greatest business and wealth of Harrison county.


Newspapers since 1834 .- Cynthiana News .. 1850: Kentucky Farmer, 1851; Kentucky Age, 1856; Cynthiana Democrat, 1868. The News was discontinued during the civil war, but shortly after its close was revived by the same pub- lisher, and is now one among the oldest journals in the state.


Mound .- Near Claysville is a large mound. of earth and stone, in dimen- sions at the base about 100 feet from east to west, and 75 feet from north to south, and in height about 25 feet. Upon its summit is growing a syca- more tree 4 feet in diameter, and supposed to be at least 500 years old.


First Battle of Cynthiana .- On July 17, 1862, the Confederate general, John H. Morgan, with a force $16 strong when he started, nine days before, upon this first Kentucky raid, attacked the Federal forces at Cynthiana, nearly 500 strong (mainly home guards), under Col. John J. Landram-who after a brave resistance were overpowered and defeated, and the town cap- tured. The Federal pickets were surprised, and captured or driven in ; and . before the commander had time to dispose his force. the Confederates com- menced shelling the town, producing a wild consternation among the inhabit- ants. Capt. William H. Glass, of the Federal artillery, occupied the public square, from which point he could command most of the roads. Another force took position on the Magee Hill road, south of the town, along which the Confederates were approaching. A third detachment was instructed to hold the bridge on the west side of the town, towards which Morgan's main force was pouring. Capt. Glass opened on Morgan's battery, which was planted on an eminence a quarter of a mile distant, between the Leesburg and Fair Ground turnpikes. The Confederates were now approaching by every road and street, and deployed as skirmishers through every field, com- pletely encircling the Federals. Their battery on the hill having ceased its fire, Capt. Glass with grape and canister swept Pike street from one end to the other. By this time the contestants were engaged at every point. The fighting was terrific. The Federals commenced giving way. The force at the bridge, after a sharp fight, was driven back, and a Confederate cavalry charge made through the streets. A portion of the Federals made a stand at the railroad depot. A charge upon the Confederate battery at the Licking bridge, was repulsed, and the Confederates, in turn, charged upon the force at the depot, while another detachment was pouring deadly fire from the rear, about 125 yards distant.


It was here that Col. Landram was wounded, and Thomas Ware, one of the oldest citizens, Jesse Currant, Thos Rankin, Capt. Lafe Wilson, and others were killed, besides a number wounded. Unable to stand the concentrated


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HARRISON COUNTY.


fire, the handful of Federals that were left commenced a precipitate retreat. The 7th Ky. cavalry, posted north of town to hold the Oddville road, were soon overpowered, and compelled to surrender. Three-fourths of the Fed- eral force had now been killed, wounded, or captured, and the Confederates held undisputed possession. The prisoners were marched into town, and lodged in the upper room of the court house, and their paroles made out and signed that night. [For further details, see page 104, Vol. I.


Second Battle of Cynthiana .- On Saturday, June 11, 1864, Gen. Morgan marched a second time upon Cynthiana, defeated and captured the forces under the command of Gen. E. H. Hobson. The first of this series of en- gagements took place early in the morning, between the 16Sth Ohio infantry and Morgan's whole command, about 1,200 strong. The Federals were soon overpowered, and fell back to the depot buildings, (where Col. Berry fell, mortally wounded, ) and thence to Rankin's unfinished hotel ; others retreated to the court house. The Confederates, following closely, charged into these several places, causing the utmost consternation among the inhabitants. While the battle was raging, a stable opposite the Rankin hotel caught or was set on fire, and the terror of the flames added greatly to the alarmn.


Across the river, west of the town, another battle began between Gen. Hobson, commanding the 171st Ohio, and a detachment of Confederates. This is known as the battle at " Keller's Bridge," one mile west of Cynthi- ana, which had been destroyed by the Confederates on the Thursday pre- vious, to prevent the sending of troops along the railroad. The trains which had conveyed the 171st Ohio to this point were backed down the road two miles for safety, but were there thrown from the track by the Confederates and burned. Upon being disembarked, the men were supplied with ammu- nition, and proceeded to eat their breakfast. Suddenly their quiet was dis- turbed by the rattle of musketry at Cynthiana, telling that hot work was going on there between the 168th Ohio and the Confederates; and in a few minutes the fields around themselves were alive with Confederates. A volley of musketry was poured in upon them, by a squad of Confederates massed behind the fence of a clover-field. Gen. Hobson was now completely sur- rounded. The Confederates displayed great activity in firing, and consider- able skill in keeping under cover from the fire of the Federal troops. The fight continued about five hours, the loss on both sides unusually heavy. Gen. Morgan, who was in Cynthiana when the fight at the Bridge commenced, ar- rived on the field at 9 A. M. with reinforcements, and with these the line was drawn still closer; and Gen. Hobson was finally compelled to accept the flag of truce and Morgan's conditions of surrender-that the private property of the troops should be respected, and the officers retain their side-arms. The Federal forces were drawn up along the pike, their arms stacked and burned, and they were marched through Cynthiana, a mile east, to a grove-where they found the other Federal forces who had been in the fight at Cynthiana, prisoners like themselves. After resting an hour, the prisoners were marched 3 miles north, on the Oddville pike, where they passed Saturday night.


Early on Sunday morning, with the first announcement of the approach of Burbridge, came an order from Morgan to the guard over the Federal prison- ers to start them north; which was done, and that, too, on the double quick- Morgan's main force, pursued by Burbridge, following at a distance of a few miles. This forced march brought them to Claysville, 12 miles N. E. of Cyn- thiana, where they were halted, drawn up in line, paroled, and allowed to depart.


While the battles were in progress on Saturday, the fire continued to rage, notwithstanding vigorous efforts to stop it by the citizens. By twelve o'clock all the business portion of the town was consumed, with most of the contents. The fire, commencing at Rankin's stable, swept on to the West House, burn- ing all the buildings ; thence across to Broadwell's corner, and down to Isaac T. Martin's store; thence across to Dr. Broadwell's buildings, to the jail, including that and the adjoining buildings-27 in all, the most valuable in ' the place.


On Sunday morning, the 12th of June, the day after the two battles above described, Gen. Burbridge, with a strong force, fell upon Morgan's men at


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Cynthiana, while they were at breakfast. Fatigued as they were by the previous day's operations-which resulted in the defeat and capture of two distinct Federal forces-the Confederates were not in condition to withstand the shock of a fresh body of troops. Burbridge, with his cavalry, was ena- bled to flank them, and thus turn their lines; while his infantry, in the cen- ter, advanced steadily, foreing them back on the town. The fighting com- menced on the Millersburg pike, about one mile east of Cynthiana. But the Confederates-unable to hold out against the rapid and determined advance of superior numbers of fresh troops supported by artillery-soon gave way, and, by the time they reached Cynthiana, were in full retreat, and the retreat a rout. One by one, they fell back through the town, crossed the river, and followed the Raven Creek pike. Thus ended the last battle that was fought at Cynthiana in the war for Southern independence.


Joseph Shawhan died Sept. 14, 1871, aged 90 years and 3 days. He was one of the oldest citizens of the state, had served his country in the war of 1812, and his county (Harrison) several times in the legislature. He-was a most inveterate lover of horses and of horse-racing-having gone to the Lex- ington races, both spring and fall meetings, whenever held, since 1800. For 71 years, from his 19th year, this passion for racing and witnessing races had grown upon him ; and he lost his life from an accident while returning from the great race won by Longfellow. He was the largest land-holder of fine and costly lands in cultivation, reckoning by the number of acres, in Ken- tucky, and probably in America.


Curious Phenomenon .- Dr. Carson Gibney, a graduate of Transylvania med- ical school, practicing at Leesburg, Harrison county, Ky., was called, Nor. 1, 1841, to see Miss Penelope Stout, daughter of Thos. H. Stout, of that place, a young girl 13 years of age. He was informed that for some days past, Miss Penelope had been giving off from the thumb of her right hand quantities of hair, varying in hue and thickness-portions of it occasionally appearing thick and harsh, and constructed precisely like hog-bristles; and again it would come long and soft and silky and beautiful as the hair on her head. It would emanate most frequently from the end about the nail, but often about the thumb joints, leaving not a single trace on the surface of the skin to tell whence it had come. When grown to a certain length the hair would drop off, creating at times no sensation at all, at others producing a numbness about the arm, such as is produced by the foot sleeping. Some four or five were given off' in the course of a day. They were from three to twenty-six inches in length. This singular action or disease had been going on con- stantly for six weeks, when the account was published. She was taken to Lexington, and other physicians were consulted to learn the cause of the phenomenon, but unsuccessfully. Hundreds of citizens visited the wonderful little stranger. No charge was made for admission.


First Visitors and Improvers .- From a comparison of numerous depositions of the visitors themselves, taken between the years 1793 and 1821, in several large land-suits in Mason, Nicholas, Bourbon, Harrison, Pendleton, Fayette, and other counties, it appears that a company of fifteen men (in after years frequently called " Hinkson's Company ")-John Hinkson, John Hagain. John Martin, John Townsend, James Cooper, Daniel Callahan, Patrick Callahan, Matthew Fenton, George Gray, Wm. Hoskins, Wm. Shields, Thomas Shores, Silas Train, Samuel Wilson, (only 15 or 16 years old, ) and John Woods-in March and April, 1775, came down the Ohio and up the Licking river, in canoes, in search of lands to improve. They landed at the mouth of Willow creek, on the east side of Main Licking, four miles above the forks (where Falmouth now is) ; and on account of high water and rainy weather re- mained two nights and a day. "The hackberry tree out of which Sam. Wil- son cnt a johnny-cake board, in the point at the mouth of the creek, was still standing in 1806, 31 years after." [Seven of them, on their way home in the ensuing fall, stopped at the same place and " barbaqued enough meat to carry them home."] They proceeded on up the Licking to near the Lower Blue Licks, " where Bedinger's mill was in 1805," thence took the buffalo trace to the neighborhood between Paris and Cynthiana-where they "im- proved" lands, made small clearings, built a cabin for each member of the


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HARRISON COUNTY.


company, named after some of the company Hinkston and Townsend creeks, and Cooper's run, and afterwards settled Hinkston and Martin's stations. John Townsend, on Townsend creek, and John Cooper, on the waters of Hink- ston, raised corn in 1775, from which the latter furnished seed to a number of improvers in the same region in 1776.


Miller's Company .- A few days later in the spring of 1775, Wm. Miller, John Miller, Richard Clark, Wm. Flinn, Joseph Houston or Huston, Paddy Logan, Wiu. MeClintock, Wm. Nesbitt, Alex. Pollock, John Shear, Wm. Steel, Henry Thompson, and two others-14 in all-came in canoes down the Ohio, and up the Licking to the Lower Blue Licks, where they were joined by Hinkson's company above-named. Each party sent out explorers, who examined the country, and reported to the two companies at the Blue Licks. They all traveled together the main buffalo trace towards what is now Lexington, until they reached a trace turning west, since called Hink- ston's trace, which the Hinkson party followed-while the other party en- camped on Miller's run, at the crossing of the lower Limestone or Ruddle's " road, thence went around the country, selected 14 spots for improvement, and divided them by lot. Wm. Steele's place was on the north side of Hinkston, below the buffalo trace; he improved it by cutting down timber and planting potatoes. They all returned up the Olrio to Pennsylvania in the fall.


John Lacy improved on South Licking, above Martin's station, in 1775. In the fall of 1775, David Williams conducted Nathaniel Randolph, Peter Higgins, and Robert Shanklin, from Harrodsburg to the country between Ilinkston and Stoner. In the summer previous, he was on the Middle fork, or Gist's (since known as Stoner's) creek, with Thos. Gist, James Douglass (the surveyor), James Harrod, Sigismund Stratton, Daniel Hollenback, John Severns, Ebenezer Severns, -. Wabash, and others. These were engaged in surveying. 1




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