USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Chelmsford > History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts > Part 28
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Received of Eben Bridge Fifteen Pounds in Province Notes for my Company £15
John Ford.
ORDER.
Cambridge, May 17, 1775.
Parole, Ethan; Countersign, Allen; officer of the Day, Col. William Henshaw; Field officer for the Picket gard, Lt. Col. Bond's. Field officer for the main gard tomorrow, Col. Scammons; Field officer for Treatage tomorrow, Lt. Col. Whitney; agitant of the Day, Gager.
Otherwise as usual.
CERTIFICATE.
Hospital, Cambridge, May 13, 1775
Sir-Having examined William Parker Junr. of your regiment, who was kicked by a horse some time ago, he is, in my opinion, absolutely unfit for service at present, and should he continue in the army it would greatly endanger his life, without the least prospect of his doing any good.
Isaac Foster, Jun. Surgeon.
290
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
COLONEL'S ORDERS.
To Col. Eben'r Bridge
To Capt. Ford-Sir: I expect to-morrow morning by sunrise you will not fail of parading every one of your men on the common parade and leave none in the barracks, except those that are really unfit for duty.
John Robinson, Col.
Cambridge, March 9th, 1776
Capt John Ford Sir your Allarm Post or Place of Pradue on an Allarm is at the Meeting House in Chelmsford & you will Direct your Company accordingly the meathord or mod of making an alarm
I submit to you Yours to serve.
Simeon Spaulding, Con'1. April the 29 1777.
SALE OF JOHN BATES' EFFECTS.
Cambridge Dec. 7 1775
This day sold by order of Capt Ford the things and wearing apparill of John Bates who died at Cambridge Dec. 5, 1775 Whereof Lt. Isaac Parker was Vendue master
old tenor
£. s. d
William Campbell a pare of stokens 0. 15.0
Samuel Hayward a shirt fine
4. 8.0
a piece of cloth velvet 4. 17.0
Elijah Heasiltine a tow sheet 1. 16. 0
a pare of old Britches 1. 17.0
Enoch Cleveland Dr to a hat
2. 0.0
William Campbell Dr to a pare of shoes 66 " old shoes
1. 15.0
0. 6.0
John Keyes Dr to a pare of stokens
0. 5.0
Benj Pierce Dr to an old coat 1. 1. 0 Capt Ford Dr to the Coat Found by the Government 7. 17.0
Benj Pierce to an old wescot
0. 15. 0
[Ford Papers.]
27.8.0
PRINTED RESOLVE.
IN PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, AT WATERTOWN, APRIL 23, 1775 :-
Resolved, That the following Establishment of Forces now immediately to be raised for the Recovery and Preservation of our undoubted rights and liberties be as follows, Viz.
291
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION
To each Col. of a Regiment of 598 men £15. 0.0
To 1 Lieut. Col. of such a regiment 12. 0. 0
To 1 Major .€
10. 0.0
For a Capt. of 59 men, including officers 6. 0. 0
For 1 Lieutenant of such a company 4. 0.0
For 1 Ensign ditto 3. 0.0
For 1 Adjutant for such Regiment 5.10.0
For 1 Quartermaster ditto
3. 0.0
For 1 Chaplain ditto
6. 0.0
For 1 Chirurgeon ditto 7. 10.0
For 1 Surgeon's Mate ditto
4. 0.0
For Each Sergent
2. 8.0
For Each Corporal
2. 4.0
For Fifer
2. 4.0
For Private Centinel
2. 0.0
Resolved, That besides the above, a coat for a uniform be given to each of the non-commission officers and privates, so soon as the state of the Province will admit of it.
Also, Resolved, That the selectmen of the several towns and districts within this Colony be desired to furnish the soldiers who shall enlist from their respective towns and districts with good and sufficient blankets, and render their accounts to the committee of supplies who are hereby directed to draw on the colony treasurer for payment of the same
Joseph Warren, Pres. P. T.
RECEIPTS.
Chelmsford, March 17, 1777.
Capt. Ford: Sir-Pleas to Deliver the Barer of this order all the wages dew me and Reers of all kind and this shall be your final discharge
Per me Jesse Heywood.
Chelmsford January ye 12 1779
This Day Rec'd of Capt John Ford the sum of Eight Pounds, sixteen Shillings in full of what was my Due upon the sd. Capt Ford's musterroal for servis on the Alarram in the year 1777 at the time of the surrender of Burgones army.
J say
Recd by me Oliver Barron.
292
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Some extracts from Captain Ford's order-book at Ticonderoga have been printed in Brown's "Beside Old Hearthstones," which give regimental orders, parole and counter-sign, the finding of courts-marshal, punishments inflicted on disorderly soldiers, and so forth. Some received 39 lashes on the bare back. One was sentenced to be tied naked to the post for five minutes at the head of the regiment. One, besides receiving 39 lashes, was to wear a withe on his neck for 14 days "for a mark of Ignominion," and if seen without it, he was to receive 100 lashes with the cat o'nine tails. Green, in "Three Diaries," gives an instance in 1745 of a soldier who, for disrespect to an officer, was condemned to "ride the pickets for an hour."
As an illustration of one of the minor difficulties which beset the historian, it may be interesting to the reader to know that in the list of Soldiers in the War of the Revolution prepared by the State, there are fourteen Joseph Emersons, and none of them is credited to Chelmsford. Joseph Emerson of Chelmsford served in the latter part of the War, possibly earlier. The record given below puts him in Moore's Company, a Bedford company made up of men from the neighboring towns, as the most likely. One or more of the earlier records might belong to him.
Emerson, Joseph. Sergeant, Capt. John Moore's Co., Col.
Jonathan Reed's (1st) Regt. of guards; joined April 2, 1778; service to July 3, 1778, 3 mos., 2 days, guarding troops of convention at Cambridge; enlistment, 3 months from April 2, 1778.
From the records in the Adjutant General's office it is learned that he was Ist Lieutenant in 1781, and Captain December 27, 1786. He resigned in 1789. The original document is preserved with many others at the State House.
For one finding the record of an ancestor in the preceding list, it might be well to refer to the official volume, where possibly another record of earlier or later date might be given, but not credited to Chelmsford.
In John Bridge's record he is given as of Walker's Company. His name is not on the rolls of that company, and he probably signed for some one else. He might have been "doing a turn" for another man. This was a common practice. Brother would relieve brother, father or son, and servant relieve master, when needed at home for a season, to attend to business or get in the crops.
Chelmsford, Jan. 26, 1776.
Received of Philip Parkis three pounds, twelve shillings, lawful money, in full for doing a turn for him in the continental army, this present year.
Attested .- Francis Southack.
Sylas Parker.
[Ford Papers.]
293
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION
The following are among the Parker papers at the old home- stead on Pine street, Lowell:
"Simon Parker and John Dutten march to Cambridge July ye 3, 1776
Paid thirteen Mileage to North riuer £71:10:0
Paid Seuen Men Millige to Rodeisland £11: 17:6
Paid Two Millige to Winter Hill 1: 3:0
Sum Total £84: 10:6
The sum of the Clo[thing is 282: 4:0
£366:14:6
An agreement of Thorn Snydam to serve in the Continental service for the Town. Mustered in August 28, 1781, for the Class whereof Mr. Benj. Parker and others are members. Oliver Barron, Muster-master.
Chelmsford August 28 1781
I the Subscriber haveing inlisted myself into the Continental Serves for the Term of three years, Do promise and Ingage to be under such Regulations as shall be provided from time to Time by the Commanding officer of the army of the United States and to obey all my superior officers in sd army from Time to time as I shall have orders from them while in the Army of the United States of America.
Thorn Snydam.
A SUBSCRIPTION PAPER.
We the Inhabitance of the town of Chelmsford taking into consideration the dificulties hardships which our Bretheren endure and undergo that are in the Service of the United States of America and in the Defence of the Rights and Priviliges of the People of said Stats, we being sensible that sundry articles being wanted by our Bretheren which are in servis Espeseally Shirts. & Shoes & Stockings therefore we the subscribers the inhabitants of the town of Chelmsford aforesaid being willing to contribute something to their Relif by way of subscription. We the subscribers do Promise and Ingage each one for ourselves to Provide the Artical which we shall subscrib and specify at the End of our names and also that we will procure the said articles as soon as Posabally can be with any convennantcy.
MEN'S NAMS SHIRTS STOCKINGS SHOES
John Ford one Peare of Shous
Wm Peirce one Peare of shous
Simeon Moors one Peare of shurts
Ebenezer Frost stockings one pair
Oliver peirce iun one pare of shous
294
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
MEN'S NAMS SHIRTS STOCKINGS SHOES-Continued
Oliver peirce one par stockines John Purmort
P. Underwood one
Jonas Peirce one shirts
Simeon Blodget one pair of shoes
Jon'an Bickford one peair of stockings
Josiah Foster one pr shoes
Samuell Marshal one pair of stockings
Sert. Robert Bates stockings one pair
Benjamin Parker Shirt one
Philip Parker stockings one pair
Thomas Marshal shirt one
Among the Parker papers are Shirley's Commission (dated July 29, 1754) to Benjamin Parker, Gentleman, to be 2d Lieutenant of the first foot Company in Chelmsford, of which Ebenezer Parker was Captain; also Harrison Gray's warrant to Benjamin Parker, Constable and Collector of Chelmsford, dated 28. October, 1765.
TRADITION.
There is a tradition that on the 19th of April, 1775, the men in the northern part of the Town assembled in a field opposite the old Parker place on Pine Street (Lowell), and from that place went on to join their comrades at the centre of the Town.
August, 1778, six men were draughted from the Militia, to go to Rhode Island, viz .:- Oliver Bowers, John Dunn, Josiah Fletcher, Levi Fletcher, Jesse Haywood, Wm. Spalding.
Dr. John Betty went as a volunteer, and was chosen Clerk of the company commanded by Joseph B. Varnum. The above were draughted for six weeks, were in an engagement on Rhode Island-in which from Capt. J. B. Varnum's company, one was killed, two wounded, one missing.
1779-16 men were engaged to go to Rhode Island for three months, viz .:- James Marshall, Simon Parker, Ashbel Spalding, Josiah Parkhurst, Benja. Butterfield, John Byam, Joseph Hay- wood, Luke Bowers, Joseph Chambers, Wm. Chambers, John Keys, Simeon Spalding, Abel Chamberlin, Peter Farror.
1780-The militia officers were empowered by the town to hire fifteen men for the continental service, and the selectmen in- structed to raise money and produce, to pay them for nine months' service; and, Phineas Kidder, Peter Farror, Jacob Marshall, Robert Spalding, Noah Foster, Henry Fletcher, Samuel Wilson, Jr., Pelatiah Adams, Thomas Hutchens, Jesse Stevens, John Keyes, Leonard Parker, Benja. Spalding, Joseph Warren, Jr., Robert Richardson, were engaged.
[Allen, page 181.]
295
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION
Allen (page 66) says: 1777. "Thirty men were raised for the three years' service or during the war. The town agreed to give them £20 bounty per man, over and above what the continent and state offered. This bounty was in 1781, permuted for twenty heads of horn cattle, of a middling size, per man. If the war lasted but one year, they were to have their cattle at one year old; if it continued two years, at two years old and so on in the same proportion. The scarcity of specie and the uncertain value of paper currency suggested various expedients for supplying the place of money, in carrying on the war. The bounty and wages in some instances were paid in corn, in others, in cattle. Another expedient was to supply the families of soldiers with the necessaries of life. To prevent exorbitant demands and charges for the articles thus furnished to the families of soldiers, a Committee was chosen to join with committees from the westerly part of the country, in order to regulate and fix the price of labor and of necessaries.
Thus without money or with very little, the town paid the soldiers it furnished for the war; and by such methods an arduous and expensive struggle for liberty was long maintained and finally brought to a successful close.
A new levy was called for, partly to join Gen. Washington's army at North river, or Hudson, partly to go to Rhode Island. The requisition of eleven men for the continental service to the westward was for nine months, and that of three men for Rhode Island three months. The town gave at this time $100 bounty to each soldier.
1779. This year the town received a quantity of fire arms and steel from Government, which were sold at auction to the in- habitants of the town on condition that the fire arms should not be struck off at less than twenty-two dollars a piece, nor the steel at less than ten shillings per pound. The over plus after paying the first cost and expense of transportation was paid into the town treasury.
1780. Another requisition of fifteen men for Tyconderoga was made, to be enlisted for six months. These were engaged for a hundred bushels of corn per man as a bounty. The militia officers were empowered to hire and the selectmen to raise money and produce by which to pay them. A demand was made this year by the government, upon the respective towns in the Province for clothing to supply the army. The depreciation of paper money may be learned from the following items. A horse bought of Ephraim Spalding, Esq. for the army cost £911. A blanket £100. Col. Simeon Spalding's account for attendance and necessary expences fifty-five days at Cambridge in a convention for forming the Constitution was £990. And the Rev. Mr. Bridge's salary from September to March, eight months, was set at £3,600.
In a resolve of the legislature of this province, passed June 22, 1780, each town was required to furnish a certain quota of beef, for the Continental army. The town voted to raise 36,720 dollars instead of the beef required. Voted also to raise 40,000
296
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
dollars to pay the six months' continental soldiers, and three months militia men, together with their bounty; for which the selectmen and militia officers had given their notes payable in corn, at 50 dollars per bushel. It was also agreed that every dollar of the new emission should be equal to £12 in said taxes. The expenditures of the town this year for horses and supplies for the army, amounted to £61,832.
1784. The rapid depreciation of paper money, the little probability of its rising again, together with the inexplicable difficulties in which it involved the people, induced the Town to lay it aside and make their grants in specie. The expenditure for horses provided for the army this year was £3340.
In obedience to a late Law or act of the great and General Court, or assembly of the State of Massachusetts Bay in New- England, relative to the affixing of the prices of the necessaries of life, which are produced in America, we the Selectmen and the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection and safety of the town of Chelmsford met, considered and proceeded as follows:
Rye, Good and merchantable 4s. 8d per Bushel. .
S. D. Q.
Wheat, Do. 7s per Bushel
7 0
Corn, Good merchantable Indian Corn, 3s. 8d pr. bush.
3
8
Wool, Do. 2s. pr. 1b.
2 0
Pork, Do. 4d: 1q. pr. 1b.
0
4
1
Salt Pork, in usual proportion the price of salt, good middlings at 8d. 2q. pr. 1b.
0 8
2
Beef, well fatted and grass fed, 3d per lb. .. Stall fed beef of the best quality, 4d per lb .. .
4
Hides, Raw Hides at 3d per 1b.
3
Calf-skins, Green at 6d. per 1b.
6
Cheese, New-milk 6d. other cheese according to its goodness.
6
Butter, Good at 9d. per lb.
9
Pease, Good at 7s. 4d. per bush.
7
4
Beans, Good at 6s. per bush.
6
Potatoes, In the fall 1s. 2d.
1
2
In the Spring 1s. 6d.
1
6
Stockings, Made of good yarn and well knit, (men's)
6
Shoes, men's, Made of neat's leather, common sort, .
7
8
Women's Do.
5
4
Oats, Good and merchantable 2s. per bushel.
2
Flax, Well drest and of a good quality Is. per1b.
7
2
Tow Cloth, 3-4 yd. wide 1s. 9d.
1
9
Veal, Good veal 3d. per 1b.
3
Mutton and Lamb, 3d. 2q. per lb.
3 2
4 8
Tallow, Good tried tallow 7d. 2q per. 1b.
1
3
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION
297
S. D. Q.
Horse-keeping on English hay, 1s. per night . . Ox-keeping, a large yoke on English hay 1s. 6d. do.
1
6
Ox-work, For a large, good pair 2s. per day from the 1st of April till the last of Sept .. .
2
1
6
the other six months 1s. 6d. pr. day. . . Men's Labor, In the 3 summer months for a faithful day's work 3s.
3
From Nov. to April-1s. 6d. per day, The other 4 months 2s.
1
6
Hay, English the best quality 3s.
3
Shingles, per thousand 12s. 6d.
12
6
Boards, at the Mill or landing £1 13s per thous.
1
13
Clapboards, Per. thousand £3 6s. 8d.
3
6
8
Coal, Pine 3d. 2q. per Bush. at the Smith's Shop
3
2
Do. Maple and Birch at Do. 4d. per bush.
4
Axes, Warranted by the smith
9
Do. New-laying and warranting 5s. 4d.
5
4
Shoemaking, For one pair, the shoe-maker finding thread and wax and making them at his shop
3
2
Do. at the Farmer's house
11
8
Tanning, Tanning hides 2d per lb. currying in proportion
2
Tobacco, Well made into rolls and of the best quality 8d.
8
Spinning, Woolen warp, taking it home, 5d. per skein.
5
Double Skein of Cotton warp, 5d. do.
5
Spinning by the week from home 2s. 8d.
2
8
Housework by the week 2s. 10d.
2
10
Carpenters, Labor per day from 1st of Apr. 6 mo. & found
3
4
the other 6 months 2s. 6d.
2
6
Wood, by the cord, oak wood corded up in the middle of the town, 8s.
8
Horse-shoeing and steeling all round and well 6s.
6
Horse-shoeing, plain without steeling 4s. 10d.
4 10
Malt, Rye Malt, 4s. 8d. per bushel
4
8
Flip, Made of W. India Rum, 10d. per mug
10
Do. of N. E. Rum, 8d. per do.
8
Rum, W. I. for a gill in the Innkeeper's house . N. E. do. do.
3
Toddy, W. I. 10d. per Mug
10
Do. N. E. 8d. per mug .
8
Chelmsford, May 1779.
£
1
4
Salt, Good imported salt, 11s. 8d.
2
298
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
CHELMSFORD GIVES ASYLUM TO PEOPLE FLEEING FROM BOSTON AND CHARLESTOWN.
Charlestown suffered full as much as Boston during the siege. Hundreds of people from both towns were given passes, and removed to the country towns, which the Congress ordered to provide for these people according to their population. At first it was arranged that Chelmsford should have forty-nine of the inhabitants of Boston, who were removed from the besieged city. The number of Boston people allotted to the different towns of the Commonwealth was 4,903.
In the year 1776 the selectmen of Chelmsford, as required by the authorities at Boston, sent to the Secretary's office a list of the people of Boston and Charlestown who were resident in Chelmsford on the 20th of March in that year.
There were one hundred and six of them.
The Town Records do not give the names of these people. The writer has searched every likely place in Boston to find this list, but without success.
A few names are given in the Town accounts, and Bridge's Diary gives some:
Captain Symmes and family; Mrs. Blake, sister of Mr. Bridge; James Fitzgerald and wife, he a privateer and an Irish Roman Catholic. Bridge, in his diary, says that Fitzgerald's prosperity destroyed him.
"Captain" Andrew Symmes is given as 2d Major in Col. Henry Bromfield's Boston Regiment of Massachusetts Militia; also as Major in command of a detachment from Lieut. Col. Jabez Hatch's Boston Regiment, and also as Lieutenant Colonel in the same regiment.
The widow Mary Baker, a stranger, late of Boston, died at the house of Mr. Samuel Pitts, November 24, 1787.
Items in the Town Records, Book I, page 350, show that William Perrin, James Perrin and family, and others came from Charlestown to Chelmsford. The State of Massachusetts paid for bringing their goods and supporting the Perrin family. In 1777 Joshua Snow received of the Town £1, for bringing a family of Boston people from Charlestown; paid by Captain Joseph Warren, whom the Town reimbursed. Henry Spaulding removed some of these people's goods from Charlestown ferry. William Parker, Jr., was paid for sundry articles delivered for their support.
Widow Elizabeth Bryant and Widow Sarah Hicks and family were from Charlestown. The General Court, in the session of 1780-81, granted Billerica's petition to be allowed to remove Mrs. Hicks and her family, consisting of four persons, to Chelms- ford, and directed the selectmen here to provide for them agreeably to the acts of the Commonwealth.
There are numerous items in the Town accounts of sums paid for the support of these women-doctoring, food and wearing apparel, and "digging grave for wido Hicks, 0:3:0:0-" in
299
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION
1784. They lived for a time in the Widow Elizabeth Park- hurst's house.
Nathaniel Coverly left Boston in 1775, and set up a printing press in the south part of Chelmsford.
Some of the Pitts family came to Chelmsford from Boston at the time of the siege, and some of them went to Dunstable, from which town the Hon. John Pitts was several times sent as representative to the General Court. He married Mary, daughter of John Tyng, in 1779.
John Pitts, son of Berwick, was born in England, came to Boston in 1695, and married Elizabeth Lindall. Their daughter Sarah married William Stoddard, in 1721. Their son James, born in 1712, married Elizabeth, daughter of James Bowdoin, afterwards Governor, and was a councillor, a patriot, and an antagonist of Governor Hutchinson, who, in his diary, July 1, 1774, says King George III asked him, "Who is Mr. Pitts?" when Hutchinson told the King he was one of the select few to whom Hutchinson's letters had been shown before publication. Of the sons of James, John married Mary Tyng; Lendall married Eliza- beth Fitch; and Samuel, born 1745, married Joanna Davis. Samuel was a merchant of Boston, and, with his father, owned and sent merchantmen to the Bermudas. He was a Son of Liberty and one of the Boston Tea Party, as was his brother Lendall, who commanded the division of the Tea Party which boarded the brig, "Beaver." This fact had to be concealed, as his father and uncle Bowdoin were of the King's Council. The tradition is that the boys were sent away from Boston to get them into "a cooler atmosphere," or at least were induced to come to Chelmsford, where, according to the statement of Mrs. Luther Faulkner of Billerica (who was Martha Prescott Merriam of Chelmsford, and lived in what had been Colonel Stoddard's house), Samuel Prince, a nephew of Samuel Pitts, built what is known as "the Sam Davis house" in Worthen street, which, it has been generally supposed, was built by Davis, who was probably connected with the Pitts family, and followed the sea. It may have been that the young men were persuaded to come to Chelms- ford that they might be under the restraining influence of Colonel Stoddard and Parson Bridge. Samuel Pitts lived in the house which had been the home of Colonel Stoddard, which he found too small for his accommodation, and he bought the house built by the Rev. Hezekiah Packard, and lived there until his (Pitt's) death, in 1805. His sister Elizabeth married Robert Brinley of Tyngsborough. Nathaniel Brinley married Sarah Elizabeth Bridge. Daniel Goodwin, Jr., in his Memorial of the Pitts, says that after the Revolution Samuel Pitts came to Chelmsford and lived in luxury, devoted to domestic comfort and a noble hospi- tality. Copley painted his portrait. After the death of his wife, Joanna, he married her sister, Mrs. Mary Davis Carver. Bridge, in his diary, records a visit from Mr. Samuel Pitts, who had come with his family to live in the late Colonel Stoddard's house.
300
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Captain James Pitts, son of Samuel, born in Boston in 1777, was educated for the Navy. He owned and sailed merchant vessels to the Bermudas. He married Rachel Hildreth of Chelms- ford, in 1808, and lived here in the house which was the home of the late Joseph Read. He died December 19, 1843.
Elizabeth W., daughter of Lendall Pitts, married Gerard Cazeaux, the French Consul to the United States.
Thomas, son of Samuel, married Elizabeth Mountfort, both of Chelmsford, Nov. 9, 1802. They were the parents of Mrs. Mary A. P. Wheelock of Framingham, and of Mary Ann Warren, wife of Ezra Warren.
Mary, daughter of Samuel of Chelmsford, married, in 1811, William Stoddard Bridge, of Chelmsford, (son of William, and grandson of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge).
Sarah Chardon, daughter of Samuel, married Noah Davis. Sarah Bridge married Jonathan Mountfort, Jr., in 1742. Col. Ebenezer Bridge married Mary Mountfort, in 1787.
Thomas Pitts, says Mrs. Wheelock, held three commissions as Lieutenant and Captain in the War of 1812. "At the Battle of Lundy's Lane he commanded men enough to cover a mile of ground." When peace was declared, he removed from Chelmsford to Boston, and was in the State Bank for some years; was eight years an inspector of Customs. He died at Cambridge, in 1836, aged 57 years.
For mention of the Pitts family, see Drake's "Tea Leaves," Goodwin's "Memorial," and "History for Ready Ref.," Vol. V, p. 3211.
THE END OF THE WAR.
The Revolutionary War came to an end when Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, Va. He hoisted the white flag, October 17, 1781, four years after Burgoyne's surrender, and formally capitulated two days later, when his 8,000 men marched out to the tune "The World's Turned Upside Down." To Washington belongs the glory.
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