USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Chelmsford > History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts > Part 64
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[In the possession of Mrs. J. E. Warren.]
CORNELIUS WALDO'S LICENSE.
December 16, 1685, Mr. Weld was ordained minister at Dunstable, and a church was formed of seven male members, of whom Cornelius Waldo was one, and John Blanchard and Cornelius Waldo were chosen the first deacons, showing that at that time he was residing at Dunstable; yet December 14, 1686, "Cornelius Waldo, Senr of Chelmsford," was associated with 49 others in the purchase of land at Wamesit of Jonathan Tyng, and in 1690 he was keeping a tavern at Chelmsford, and received a
612
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
license for the same and to sell liquors therein. The original bond for this license is on file in the Probate Office of Middlesex County, and reads as follows:
"Memorandum That on ye ninth Day of May in ye year of our Lord sixteen hundred and ninety And in ye second year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Lord and Lady William & Mary by the grace of God of England Scotland ffrance and Ireland King & Queen Defenders of ye ffaith &c Before the County Court at Charlestowne by Adjournment from Cambridge 16 April last past Cornelius Waldo senr of Chelmsford in ye County aforesaid became bound in ye sum of twenty pounds Current money of New England which he doth acknowledge himself to ow and stand justly indebited to our Sovereign Lord and Lady King William & Queen Mary, theire heirs and successors to be Levied on his goods and Chattels Lands and Tenements
"The Condition of this Recognizance is such, that whereas ye said Cornelius Waldo above bound is admitted and allowed by ye said County Court to keep a Common Publick house of Enter- tainment and to use Common Selling of wine Ale Beer Syder Brandy Rum and other Liquors for the year ensuing in ye Now Dwelling house of said Cornelius Waldo.
"If therefore ye Cornelius Waldo during ye time aforesaid shall not permit suffer or have any playing at Cards Dice Tables Bowls Ninepins Billiards or any other unlawful game or games in his said house, yard or Garden or backside nor shall suffer to be or remain in his house any prson or prsons not being of his own familie upon Satturday nights after it is Dark, or on ye Sabbath dais, or in ye time thereon, of Gods Publick worship, nor shall entertain as Lodgers in his house any strangers Men or Women above the space of forty and eight hours, but such whose names and Sir names he shall deliver to some one of the Selectmen or Constables of the Town unless they be such as he very well knoweth and will answer for his or their forth Coming, Nor shall sell any wine or Liquors, in any manner or way whsoever to any Indians or Negroes, Nor suffer any Children or Servants or any other prson to remain in his house Tipling or Drinking after nine of ye clock in ye night time nor shall buy or take to pawn any stolen goods, nor willingly or unknowingly harbour in his house barn stable or other where, any Rogues, vagabonds Theives sturdy beggars masterless men or women or other notorious offenders whatsoever, nor shall suffer any prson or prsons what- soever to sell or utter any wine Beer Ale Syder Rum Brandy or other Liquors, by Deputation or by Colour of his License, nor shall entertain any prson or prsons of whom he shall be pro- hibited by Law, or any one of ye magistrates of ye County afore- said, or prsons of an low Conversation, and given to Tipling, and shall also keep the lead Assize and measure in his Potts, Broad and otherwise in uttering of any wine Beer Ale Syder Brandy Rum or other Liquors, and ye Same Sell by Sealed measure, and
613
TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION
in said house shall use and maintain good order and Rule, and is and shall be provided wth sufficient housing and Two Beds at ye least for entertainment of strangers and Travailers, and shall attend ye Laws and order at Court referring to yt employ- ment, then this prsent Recognizance to be void, or else to stand in full force, power and virtue. In witness whereof we have hereunto sett our hands & seals this Day & year above written. "Signed sealed & delivered to ye
Clerk or Court in
prsens of
CORNELIUS WALDO Seal.
ISAAC JOHNSON JOHN BARNARD" [Waldo Genealogy]
TAXES.
On November 3d, 1620, King James signed a patent by which the adventurers to the northern colony of Virginia between forty and forty eight degrees north latitude, were incorporated as the Council Established at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for the Planting, Ruling, Ordering and Governing of New England in America. This was the great civil basis of the future patents and plantations of the country. . On March 19th, 1627, the Council at Plymouth sold to some Knights and gentlemen about Dorchester that part of this patent which lay between the Charles and Merrimack rivers. It was to these persons, or to their successors, that King Charles, in 1628, granted a Charter incorporating them into a body politic under the style of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. This Company lacked the power to levy assessments, and could not grant power of taxation to the Colony.
The act of the Court of Assistants* of Massachusetts in 1630 was an act of usurpation, which became legitimate only by the acquiescence of every freeman so rated. The power to tax became an accomplished fact, which the Charter of Charles II ignored and that of William & Mary confirmed. Forms of taxation usual in England were introduced-the general property tax, imposts, excises, the capitation tax, income tax, and taxes on certain specified classes of property. The general property tax was the backbone of the system. The machinery of assessing and collecting was simple and this Colonial system extended through the Provincial period and well into the 19th Century. The General Court granted the sum to be raised and this was apportioned among the various towns. The restrictions of taxation to freemen of the Colony resulted, as long as all the adult male inhabitants of the Colony were freemen, in manhood taxation. When the number of men who were debarred from becoming freemen because they were not church members, and who thus escaped taxation altogether, had become so large that the manhood *See Chapter XX.
614
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
basis began to be seriously impaired, the Colonial Government required all males above 16 to contribute to the common charges. Magistrates were exempted, and so in some cases were towns newly settled or lately ravaged by the Indians. Chelmsford's taxes were abated in 1676. To the Constables was committed the collection of taxes, which was often difficult work. In 1647 the Colonial treasurer was instructed to send out notice every fifth month without further instruction, to the constable and selectmen of every town, requiring the constable to call together the inhabitants, who should select one of their freeman to be commissioner, who, together with the selectmen, should make out a tax list, submit it to the examination of the freemen and after correction transmit it to the treasurer.
A penny in the pound had become the usual tax rate before 1646, and this was established in that year by an Act of the General Court as the legal rate upon lands and goods; fixed upon as the proportion which, in the light of experience ought to yield a sum nearly or quite sufficient to meet the public expenses, when reckoned upon the property of the Colony and taken together with the proceeds of the Poll tax. Certainly the inhabitants of the Colony were good enough mathematicians to know that in a computation in which the base and the rate per cent. are both fixed quantities, the product is also a fixed quantity; but if they hoped, by fixing upon an unvarying rate to be applied annually to the property in the Colony, to limit the expenditure of the government to the sum thus obtained, it was not long before the futility of their attempt was manifest. The ingenuity of the Colonial legislators was however sufficient for the emergency that arose when it became evident, that the whole amount of property in the Colony, as returned by the Commissioners was not increasing at as rapid a rate as the public expenses were. .
From the passage of the Act of Nov. 13, 1655 which ordered one and one-quarter rates to be laid, the one penny per every twenty shillings ceased to be the rate and became "a rate.". .. The early practice of making more than one levy per year was revived when occasion demanded.
In 1670 only "half a rate" was levied, and in 1672 it was ordered that no rate at all be levied, as the income from wines, peltry, &c, was sufficient to meet the public expenses. From this time on till the loss of the Charter, the rates were added to or multiplied year by year, the number rising in some years as high as sixteen, noticeably in 1676, to meet the expenses of King Philip's War. The average for the whole time was not far from four.
The poll tax was 20d; £20, the value of a poll. In 1648 troopers were exempt, and magistrates to the extent of £500. Some were exempted on account of poverty, old age or other disability. The professors at Harvard were exempt to the extent of £100.
615
TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION
In 1646 the poll tax was 20d. Next year it was raised to 2/6. In 1653 the old rate was restored. In 1690 it was reduced to 12d. for each "rate."
There was also an income tax. All laborers taking over 18d. per day to pay 3s. 4d. over and above the 20d. poll tax. [See "Financial Hist. of Mass.," by Douglas; and Maclear's "New England Town."]
After the Revolution, it was the custom in Chelmsford to let out the collection of taxes to the lowest bidder. In 1799, the collection of taxes was bid off to the lowest bidder "at three distinct Strocks" for £0:0:4:3 per pound.
For some years prior to 1700 there were town commissioners chosen to serve with the selectmen in making assessments. There were really two systems. In some towns, the selectmen or trustees acted as assessors; in others separate boards of assessors were chosen.
In 1802, tax bills were sent on printed blanks like this:
Chelmsford. Novem. 1st, 1802.
To Mr Judathan Parker.
Your taxes for 1802.
Dlls. Cents.
Minister
2 = 24
Town
9 = 78
State
3 = 34
Total to pay
15 = 36
Recd. pay in full
A. Chamberlin, Jr., Collector.
At the present time, a citizen of this Town pays all his tax in one lump sum. The Town Assessors add the amount of the State and County tax to the amount of money appropriated by the Town for expenses during the year, and from this result subtract the amount of poll tax, corporation tax, and estimated receipts, and then figure the rate for $1,000 to be paid by the property owners. Any tax payer may, upon request, have the amount of his State tax computed for him.
In the old days, there was "a rate" levied for each-minister, schools, running expenses, State, County, support of poor, &c.
A man who paid poll tax was said to be "rated for his head."
A RATE FOR THE MINISTER.
An acountt of the estate of the severall persons in Chelmsford in perticuler Rateable to the minester in the yer 1672
lefft Joseph whelers estatt £ s. d. 2 heads 15 Acers land 2 oxon 2 horses 4 cowes 1 bull of 3 yer old 5 swine howsinge
7. 9
616
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Josiah Richerson
2 heads 4 oxon 4 cowes 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 8 £ s. d. sheep 1 horse 6 swine 14 Acers land howsing one mill 2 stears 3 yer old 10. 5
Mr Waldow 3 heds howsing 24 Acers land 4 acers pastur 2 oxon 6 cowes 1 of 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 3 yerlings 3 horses 5 swine 13. 5
Samuell varnum 2 heds 2 oxon 5 Cowes 2 mares 1 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 1 swine 20 Acers erolld howsing . .. James Richerson 1 head 2 oxon 4 Cowes 2 of 3 yer old 1 horse 1 of 2 yer old 1 yerling 3 swine 3 sheepe 12 acers land howsing
7. 8
Andrew spalding 1 head 1 mare 2 of 2 yer old 2 swine 16 Acers land .
3.
John wright 1 head 14 Acers land 1 horse 2 oxon 4 cowes 3 of 2 yer old 8 sheep 1 swine howsing
5. 9
Mr Thom hinchman 2 heads 8 Cowes 4 oxon 2 horses 3 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 3 yerlings 20 sheepe 3 swine saw mill and howsing 18 Acers of land 20 Acers of pasture
13. 6}
John Spaulding 1 head 1 horse 3 Cowes 2 oxon 2 swine 1 of 3 yer old 2 yerlings 8 Acers land howsing 4. 9
Mr John ffisk Jun. 1 head 2 horses 2 oxon 4 Cowes 2 of tv yer old 1 yerling 2 swine 8 Acers land howsing
5. 7 Mr Will fflecher 3 heds 6 oxon 5 cowes 5 of 3 yer old 4 yerlings 14 sheepe 2 swine 20 Acers land 3 horses howsing mill
14.11}
John Battes 1 head 1 horse 3 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 4 swine 8 Acres land howsing 4. 4
Joseph perkis 1 head 8 acres land 3 Cowes 2 oxon 1 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 5 swine 1 horse.
4. 6
George Biam 2 heads 2 mares 4 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 8 sheepe 1 swine 8 Acres land howsing
7. 4
Sarrah parker 2 heads 2 oxon 5 Cowes 1 horse 1 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 7 sheepe 6 swine 12 Acers of land and howsing
7.11
Samuell fflecher 1 head 2 oxon 3 Cowes 1 of 2 yer old 2 swine 1 horse 13 Acers land howsing
4. 8
Joseph ffarwell 1 head 4 oxon 4 Cowes 1 of 2 yer old 2 horses 7 swine 16 Acers land howsing
6.10
2. 6
will woodhead 1 head 1 Cow 1 swine 1 mare howsing . Abraham parker 2 heads 2 oxon 7 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 1 of 3 yer old 1 horse 28 Acers medoe 8 of paster land 7 swine 12 sheep
10. 7
John Stevens 1 head 2 Cowes 4 swine 6 Acers land howsing
3. 0
John Blanchard 2 heads 2 oxon 2 sters 3 yer old 3 Cowes 1 yerling 1 mare 1 Coltt 2 yer old 9 sheepe 4 swine 12 Acres land howsinge 7.11
5. 4
TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION
617
Will vnderwood 2 heads 4 oxon 4 Cowes 1 horse 2 of £ s. d. 2 yer old 1 yerling 6 swine 24 Acers land howsing 8. 8 Samuell foster sen 3 heads 6 oxen 5 Cowes 2 of 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 1 yerling 3 horses 3 swine 10 sheepe 30 Acers land his pastur and howsinge 13. 8
Nathaniell Buterfeld 1 head 2 oxon 2 Cowes 2 sters 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 2 sheep 1 mare 3 hoges five Acers of land his housing 4.10
Jonathan Buterfeld 1 hed 2 oxon 5 Cowes 4 of 2 yer old 4 of 3 yer old 1 yerling 2 mares 1 Calf 5 swine 16 acers land 7 sheepe howsing
8. 4
Edward Spalding 1 head 2 Cowes 3 of 2 yer old 1 horse 3 sheep 1 swine 9 Acers land and howsing
4. 0
Jerathmell Bowers 1 head
Richard hildreth
8. 7
James hildreth
7. 63
Thomas Adams
11. 4}
Pelatiah Adams
3. 1
Jacob warren
2. 8
Thomas Chamberlin Sen
7. 7
John Barke
3. 4
John Barrett
9. 9
Ambros swalow
3.
George Robines
3. 7 3. 4. 9
Joseph Barrett
5. 8
Thom Barrett
4.11
Henry Gidly
1.11
Robertt Procttor
15. 4
Joseph Spalding
4. 5
Beniamin Spaulding
4. 8
Moses Barron
4. 5
Joshuah fflecher
3. 4
Beniamin Buterfild
12. 6
John Sheply Jun
4. 5
John Sheply Sen
1. 8
John Perham
4. 2
John parker
3. 5
Eliazer Browne
1. 8
Thom Copper
1. 8
will Good
1. 8
Steven perce
2.11
Edward Coborn Sen
9. 2
John Coborn
3. 8
Robert Coborn
4.
Edward Coborn Jun
3. 7
Thom Coborn
3. 5
Thom Corry
Thom Chamberlin Jun
francis Goole 2. 6
2.10
618
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
£ s. d.
Sam Adams 6. 4
John Wadell 3. 9
John Burge
9. 2
Solomon Reids
5. 8
Chelmsford is deptor in the year 1674.
It. to a Rate For the Countys vse and tresurs ordr. 6
It. to a rate For the towne house goole liues in
12
10
6
It. to a rate for the payment of the Minester
83
10 9
It. to a rate for the Country as by tresurers ordr. . .
16
2
6
It. to a rate for the Townes vse by the selectt mens order
20
7 10
It. to a rate for powder sould out of towns stock
5
6
9
It. to a rate for glas For the metting house
2
3
11
It. to an other Rate for the Countys vse by tresures warent
5
16
6
It. to an other Rate For the Minestry and toune the 28.7. 1675
19
14
10
It. to a Contry Rate as by tresures warent in '75 . .
15
7 2
[Town Records.]
COUNTY AND TOWN TAXES.
1657.
Tax Bills: single rates. Chelmsford. £ 9.15.7
1669-70.
£ 18.1.8
1658-9.
9.19.2
1674.
16. 2.6
1662-3.
14. 2.5
1675-6. 14.18.0
1663-4.
13. 5.6
War Taxes assessed on Chelmsford.
1692.
£100. 7.6
1714.
£118.19.4
*1694-5.
91. 3.0
1715.
83. 6.0
1696.
72. 0.0
1721.
48. 3.3
1698.
35. 0.0
1726.
160. 1.0
1699.
21. 0.0
1730.
65.16.2
1702.
43.19.0
1737.
248.13.3
1703-4.
83.10.0
1741.
41.10.3
1705.
167. 0.0
1746.
139. 6.6
1709.
167. 0.0
Chelmsford's Tax.
Provincial Tax.
Representative's Pay
1751.
£ 121. 8. 0
£ 52. 0.0
1755.
144. 0. 0
53. 0.0
1769.
126.15. 0
36. 0.0
1775.
General Tax.
194.14.21
4
7
* Also to pay individual loans at interest £46.
TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION
619
State Tax.
Representative's Pay. £ 23.10.9
1786. 1791.
1,003.15. 0 73. 3.0
85.10.11
25. 4.0 $100.
1796.
$392.22
1810.
313.33
32.
1820.
273.33
34.
1830. 90.90
In a table of the Proportions of the several Towns to a tax of £1000. passed by the Genl. Court in 1742, are these:
Chelmsford, £4.1.8. Boston, £180. Concord, £8.4.11. Billerica, £4.4.3. Groton, £6.10.1.
Chelmsford's proportion to a Province tax of £1000. in 1761, was £4.4.6.
Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1772, was £3.15.5.
Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1782, was £3.9.10.
Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1793, was £2.18.10.
Chelmsford's proportion on every $1000. of the entire taxes
1801, $2.35.
1831, $1.89.
1811, $1.83.
1840, $1.68.9.
1821, $2.02. 1844, $117. on a tax of $75,000.
Carriages-1753 to 57.
Coaches. Chariots. Chaises. Chairs.
Chelmsford
1
2
Westford
1
Billerica
6
Concord
8
In 1755, there were 3 chairs in Chelmsford, i. e., light one- horse carriages.
POLLS AND REAL ESTATE, 1761.
A List of the Polls and of the Estates Real and Personal of the Several Proprietors And Inhabitants of the town of Chelms- ford ...... taken pursuant to an Act of the General Court of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay ...... in the First year of His Present Majesty's Reign. [1761?]
Polls Rateable not Rateable 223 28
Dwelling Houses & Still-Houses
149
Ware houses 2
Superficial feet of Wharf
Grist mills, Fulling-Mills and Saw Mills 53
Iron Works and furnaces.
Servants for Life between 14 and 45 years of age. 5
1781.
£1,047.10. 0
620
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Tuns of Vessels of every kind.
Amount of Each person's whole Trading Stock 321:19:7
Factorage &c
Money at Interest more than any person pays interest for
2470:11:0
Horses and Mares three years old and upwards
160
Oxen four Years old and upwards
272
Cows and Heifers of three years old and upwards
556
Goats one year old and upwards
1040
Swine one year old and upwards
85
8011/4
Acres of Pasturage and what Number of Cows it will Keep Yearly
344
Acres of Tillage Land
1250
5204
Bushels of Grain and Corn of each Sort
9236
Acres of Orchard
1892
Barrels of Cyder the Produce of Orcharding
3281
Acres of Mowing Land
151814
Tuns of English and Upland Hay it yields in one year
286 14
Tuns of fresh Meadow Hay it yields in one year
1125}
Acres of Salt-Marsh &c
Sum Total of Rents
1136:19:8
Rents Received
[Original in Boston Public Library.] [Condensed.]
The names on the Tax lists for 1775 are as follows:
GIVEN TO THE CONSTABLE AT THE SOUTH END.
Abbott, Nehemiah, Dr .; Adams, Jonas; Adams, John, 3d; Adams, Joseph; Adams, Samuel; Adams, Jonathan; Adams, Mary; Adams, John, Sergt .; Adams, Oliver, Cler .; Adams, Abel; Adams, Benjamin; Adams, John; Adams, Samuel, Jr .; Austin, Jonathan Williams, Mr .; Barrett, Lydia, widow; Barrett, Joel; Barrett, Christopher; Barrett, Simeon; Byam, Henry Sergt .; Byam, John; Betties, Andrew; Betties, William; Blazdel, William; Carver, Jonathan; Chamberlin, Aaron, Dea .; Chamber- lin, Jacob; Chamberlin, Benjamin; Chamberlin, Benjamin, Jr .; Chamberlin, Phineas; Crosby, Nathan, Jr .; Crosby, Benjamin; Cory, Ezra; Emery, Zachariah, Mr .; Emery, Ebenezer; Ester- brooks, Josiah; Foster, William, Cler .; Foster, Robert; Foster, Edward; Fletcher, Grace, widow; Fletcher, Benjamin; Hutchings, Thomas; Haywood, James; Harwood, Jonathan, Lieut .; Hodg- man, Josiah; Hodgman, Stephen; Hutcherson, Nathaniel; Kidder, Amos; Lock, Daniel; Minot, John; Marshall, Jonas, Dr .; Mansfield, John; Proctor, Susanna, widow; Proctor, Samuel (David Parker Guardian for); Proctor, Azariah; Proctor, Henry; Proctor, Benjamin; Proctor, Peter; Proctor, Elijah; Proctor, Daniel; Proctor, Ebenezer (Dea. Ebenezer Goold Executor on will
Sheep one year old and upwards
621
TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION
of); Parker, David; Parker, Sarah, widow; Parker, Willard; Parker, Jonathan; Parker, Isaac; Parkhurst, Josiah; Putnam, Jonathan; Robbins, John; Robbins, Jonas, Ensign; Robbins, Jonathan; Robbins, John, Jr .; Rae, Jeremiah; Swallow, Jonathan, Sergt .; Spaulding, Jonathan, Lieut .; Spaulding, Henry, Cornet; Spauld- ing, Thomas, Cler .; Spaulding, Jesse; Spaulding, Job; Spaulding, Josiah; Spaulding, John, Jr .; Spaulding, Samuel; Spaulding, Zebulon; Spaulding, Zebulon, Jr .; Shedd, Zachariah; Shedd, Ebenezer; Snow, Joshua; Symonds, Josiah; Prescott, Benj. of Acton, Dr .; Warren, Joseph; Warren, Isaac; Emerson, Parker; Wilson, Samuel; Wright, Zacheus of Westford; Keyes, Abel; Durant, Joshua; Foster, Isaac; Parker, William, Jr .; Adams, Robert; Adams, Peletiah; Teed, John; Barret, Isaac; Peirce, Ephraim; Adams, Saml., 3d; Adams, Thomas; Martin, Asa; Stratton, Jonathan; Kidder, David (Josiah Hodgman Guardian for); Parker, David, Jr .; Emery, Samuel; Wilson, Leonard; Heywood, Benjamin; Harwood, John; Proctor, William: Richardson, Zechariah (Dea. Aaron Chamberlin guardian for); Richardson, Robert (Dea. Aaron Chamberlin guardian for); Parker, Nathaniel of Billerica; Andrews, Edward of Concord; Keyes, Uriah.
NAMES GIVEN TO THE CONSTABLE AT THE NORTH END.
Blodget, William, Lieut .; Bowers, Oliver; Bowers, Mary, Widow; Bowers, William; Barron, Oliver, Capt .; Butterfield, Anna, Widow; Butterfield, Benjamin; Butterfield, Ephraim; Butterfield, Samuel; Butterfield, Keziah, Widow; Blodget, Simeon; Bates, Abigail, Widow; Bates, Robert, Sergt .; Blood, Josiah; Bridge, John; Burge, David; Barret, Benjamin; Clark, Timothy; Clark, Elizabeth Mrs .; Chambers, David; Dutton, Rebecca, Widow; Dutton, James; Dutton, Joseph; Dutton, John; Dutton, James Jr .; Mastis, Amos; Davis, Moses; Davis, Joshua; Sillaway, Daniel; Dutton, John; Emerson, Joseph; Fletcher, Josiah; Fletcher, Elizabeth, Widow; Bigford, Jonathan; Fletcher, Henry (William Peirce guardian for); Fletcher, Mary, Widow; Fletcher, Robert; Farrar, Nathaniel; Fletcher, Susanna, Widow; Sawtell, Obediah, of Shirley, Ens .; Fletcher, William; Fletcher, Samuel; Fletcher, Andrew; Fletcher, William, Jr .; Frost, Ebenezer; Foster, Isaiah; Foster, Isaiah, Jr .; Ford, John; Farrar, Joseph; Farmer, Jonas; Farmer, Simeon; Farmer, Solomon; Freeland, John; Fletcher, Zacheus; Graves, Sarah, Widow; Goold, Ebenezer, Dea .; Goold, Reuben; Howard, Jacob; Howard, Samuel; Howard, Martha, Widow; Kent, Isaac; Keyes, Solomon; Langton, Thomas, Dea .; Lewis, Samuel; Moars, Joseph, Lieut .; Moars, Simeon; Marshall, Thomas; Marshall, Samuel; Marshall, Joseph; Meeds, John; Mears, John; Nickless, Robert, of Tewksbury; Peirce, Robert, Quart .; Peirce, Joseph; Peirce, Oliver; Peirce, Stephen; Peirce, William; Peirce, Oliver,
622
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Jr .; Peirce, Silas; Peirce, Jonas; Peirce, Jonathan; Peirce, Levy; Parker, Moses, Capt .; Perham, Samuel, Sergt .; Parkhurst, James, Sergt .; Parker, Benjamin; Parkhurst, Benjamin, Dea .; Parker, Philip; Parker, Oliver; Parker, Willlam; Parkhurst, Philip; Parkhurst, Ephraim; Peirce, Willard; Parker, Reuben; Richardson, Zechariah, Capt .; Richardson, Esther, Widow; Richardson, Sarah, Widow; Richardson, Eleazer; Richardson, Josiah; Richardson, Robert; Robie, John; Stoddard, Sampson, Col .; Stoddard, Sampson, Jr., Esq .; Spaulding, John, Lieut .; Spaulding, Simeon, Cornet; Spaulding, Isaiah; Stevens, Samuel,
Ensign; Stevens, Jacob; Stevens, Ephraim, Esq .; Stevens,
David; Stevens, Robert; Stevens, Stephen; Stevens, Peter; Stevens, Jonathan, 3d; Stevens, John, 3d; Stevens, Silas; Stevens, Samuel, Jr .; Stevens, Simeon; Stevens, Daniel; Stevens, Jona- than; Spaulding, Abel; Spaulding, Benjamin; Spaulding, Joel; Spaulding, Willard; Stevens, Deborah, Widow; Tyng, James, of Dunstable, Mr .; Twiss, John; Tylor, Joseph; Talor, Thomas, of Tewksbury; Warren, Benjamin; Walker, Benjamin; Cambel, William; Abbott, William; Abbott, Jeremiah; Spaulding, William, of Westford; Richardson, Henry, of Westford; Howard, Willard; Herrick, Abner; Esterbrooks, Moses; Glode, John; Pollard, Jonathan, of Billerica; Rogers, Zebediah, of Billerica; Laws, James, of Billerica; Keyes, John; Cambel, Hannah, Widow; Crosby, Simeon; Bowers, Francis; Chambers, John; Parker, Rebecca, Widow; Fletcher, deceased, the two daughters of (Dr. Nehemiah Abbott guardian for); Lew, Barzilla; Fletcher, Oliver; Lufkin, Samuel; Manning, Jonathan; Perry, Joseph; Blanchard, Eleazer; Spaulding, Henry Jr .; Marshall, Samuel, Jr .; King, Charles; Bridge, William; Bates, John; Hastings, Walter, Dr .; McClure, Richard; Estabrooks, Joel; Bridge, Ebenezer of Billerica, Mr .; Danforth, David; Spaulding, Micah.
MONEY. BILLS OF CREDIT. LAND BANK.
The money brought to Massachusetts by the first settlers was insufficient to meet the wants of the community. Resort was made to other media of exchange, such as beaver; dried codfish; wampum, the shell money of the Indians; bullets; different kinds of grain and cattle; boards, etc.
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