USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Chelmsford > History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts > Part 45
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with shrieks and cries sought their homes; and the victor was left undisturbed master of the field, and the church too, the doors of which he calmly locked, put the keys in his pocket and sent them with his respects to the Parson. He then marched home with all the honours of war, lived eighteen years afterwards, and died a brother in full communion, declaring to the last (among his intimates) that he never tasted so great a dainty before.
"Nature gives merit and fortune sets it at work."
WOLVES.
Wolves and foxes made constant depredations. The wolves were ever-threatening enemies, which, no doubt, greeted the Chelmsford settlers as they did the Pilgrims at Plymouth, who said the wolves "sat on their tayles and grinned at them." The General Court calls the wolves "Ravenous cruell creatures & daily vexatious to all ye inhabitants of ye Colony," "which doe destroy so great nombers of or Catle," and early took measures "for supprsing of ym." In 1644, in the records of the Court, "It is ordered yt there shalbe a bushell of Indian Corne or three qrts of wine paid to any Indian by ye constable of evry towne for evry wolfe killed wthin ye bounds of ye towne" &c. This was repealed the next year, and it was ordered that ten shillings should be paid to any person for every wolf killed within ten miles of any plantation "within this Jurisdiction."
The selectmen of every town were empowered to procure "of the townes stock so many hounds as they thinke meete and to impose the keeping of them on such as they thinke fitest, that so all means may be improved for the destruction of wolves," &c.
In 1648 the Court also ordered that every inhabitant, English or Indian, that should kill a wolf and bring the head to the constable, who was to bury it, should receive, an Englishman, thirty shillings, an Indian, twenty shillings, ten shillings whereof was to go to the constable.
In 1661, Indians were to receive two pounds of powder and eight pounds of shot, or one pound of powder and four pounds of shot and five shillings in corn or other pay, or ten shillings only, for every wolf killed. The wolves' ears were to be cut off and buried, so that none should be twice paid for.
In 1662, every person killing a wolf was to receive twenty shillings, ten from the towne and ten from the country Treasurer.
In Chelmsford, 7 Feb. 168} "ther was a voatt passed that if any man shale kill a woolfe or grone wolues that hee shall have tenne shillens each woolfe paid him by the towne in Common pay."
"March 7 1693 the towne by voate did repeal there [their] in gage as to the payinge ten shiligs for Kilinge wolfs."
In 1674, John Parker is credited with "fouer woolues kiled," and in 1676, he received £1.10.0. for "woolvs."
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
In the following account are found some items of bounties paid for killing wolves:
An account of debts due to sevrall persons for servis done expenses [1689-1692]
It[em] to Mr Walldoe in paye £ 2.00.11 9 It in moni
It to Samvell flecher senor for desinsie of the metinge house 8. 00.00
It for thre wolfs kilinge atested by Cornstubl perem . . It to leftenante hildreth 2
1. 00.10
It for 2 wolfs kiled by Edward foster atested by constabl Spalding 1. 00.00
Ittem to capten adams his saliri in yeare 89 1. 00.00
It to Josiph Hid one wolfe atested by cornstub spalding & payed by cornstuble brown
It to Josiph Spaldige for mendinge the pound 00 01 00
It to Samevll foster Juner for mending the pund 00. 02.00
It to Josiah richardson sener for his servis done Acovnte in monie 10. 00.00
It for 2 yer serving the toune as toune clerke. 2.00 00
It to Mister Walldov too pond sixten shilings & ten pens. 2. 16.10 and 2 shiling & 5 pens in monie 00. 02.05
1690 to Mosis baron & his sone for goinge the priam- ballason betwene Concord & Chelmsford 00. 06.00
it for one woulf kiled in 9. by information of constabele brown 00. 10. 00 ·
Item to Josiah richardson senor for going the pream- belason betwen Mr tings and the toune 00 03 00
Item for runinge the bounds betwen gratton and chelmsford 00 03 00
Item to John wrighte for runinge the above said priambolasons 00 06 00 Item Ebineser parkis runinge the above said priam- bilasons. 00. 06.00
Item to Josiah Richardson senor for serving the toune as clerke 1692 01. 00.00
Item to mosis parker seven wolfs attested by constable Joseph Spaldinge Constable samel flecher
Item to Josiph Spauldinge sen one wolf atested
Item to Mosis parker by Joseph Spauldinge Constable brown tou wolfs. a foster. Elieser Brown constable
by
Constable andrve Spaldings and
Item one wolfe to Samevel flecher sen
It to John Walker.
00 10 00
atested by constable Andrev Spavldinge Kild May 6, 1692
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THE LIFE OF LONG AGO
Wolfs Killed sins May 14, 1692
Item too Mosis parker one wolfe & a half
It Willam flecher Junr halfe a wolfe
It Samevel varnam five wolfs November & Desember '92
Item to lef Jarathemel bovrs one wolfe september 29, '92
No bounty was paid for bears. They were valuable for fur and meat and fat.
Foxes were worth twelve pence a head.
1695, May 20. Nathaniel Foster brought thirty-three grown blackbirds' heads.
It is also recorded that on June 23, 1696, Edward Foster "kild a grone wolfe," and on Nov. 18, 1696, Thomas Colborn "kild a grone wolfe."
1698 Memarandome. comited to cornit hill as towne tresuer for Kiling a grown woulf £1.0.0
1701 To Samuel Burdg for catching Two woulues . . .
2.0.0
1728 John Parker for a grown Wolfs head that he brought. 4.0.0
1730 John Parker for Killing a grown wild cat some time in March 1730 1.0.0
1731 For a woolfs hed and catts head
2.0.0
1732 Benj Blogett one grown wolves hed 4.0.0
1733 John Parker for one grown wolves hed 4.0.0
1735 July 18 Jonathan Butterfield, Jr., the 2d, for one wild Catte hed 1.0.0
1736 Ebenzer Foster for one wild catte hed 1.0.0
There were wolves in eastern Massachusetts until after the Revolution.
SQUIRRELS AND BLACKBIRDS.
WILDCATS AND CROWS.
1742, May. The Town paid bounties for 2,548 ground squirrels, 552 blackbirds and four crows, and in November of the same year, for 1,922 squirrels and 169 blackbirds.
1743, February. 217 squirrels were paid for, and later in the same year another account shows that the Town paid for 2,984 squirrels, 371 blackbirds.
1750. Benjamin Howard is credited with one grown wildcat's head, for which he received ten shillings, eight pence.
The lists of 1742-3 give the names and numbers. Joseph Warren brought in 344 squirrels, and the Widow Remembrance Foster, 140.
In 1790, the Town paid for 59 crows' heads, a shilling a head £2:19:0:0
1800, the Town paid the same bounty for every crow's head brought to the Town treasurer, who cut off the bill.
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
1802, the Town paid for 3,573 squirrels' heads $35.73
83 crows' heads 13.83
1803. The Town paid for 16 crows' heads 2.67
¥ and for 15 striped squirrels' heads .. .15
1806. The Town paid for crows' heads 15.40 The year previous it was voted to pay 20 cents bounty "for only such as are killed in this Town."
1811. The Town refused to give bounty for crows, squirrels, and blackbirds.
In 1873, 25 cents a head was the amount offered by the Town for all woodchucks and crows killed within the limits of the Town.
INDIANS.
In 1675, each town was ordered to provide six flints to a listed soldier. There was to be no trading with the Indians except in open shops and towns where goods were sold to the English. The next year, all trade with the Indians was pro- hibited. The Court offered £3 per head for Indians dead or alive.
The state of affairs in Chelmsford was of interest to Boston people. Increase Mather says, in his diary, one-eyed John was hanged with other Indians in Boston, Sept. 22, 1676. This was the Indian who had threatened to burn Chelmsford.
1677, Sept. 22, he records that the Indians at Chelmsford had withdrawn themselves.
Notwithstanding the Indian attacks and the fact that many of the inhabitants had left the Town, there were, in 1691, in the Chelmsford garrisons, 158 men.
Allen says (page 147): The Maquas, and strange Indians from the southward, were the fomenters and perpetrators of most of the mischief that was done.
The affair in 1676 (see Chapter II) was caused, as Hubbard and others assert, by the imprudent and unjustifiable attack of some people from Woburn and Chelmsford, who, to retaliate the burning of a barn, and some haystacks, supposed to have been done by the Indians, fired upon them, killed some and wounded several others. This excited the Indians to a predatory war. They burned several houses in Dracut, Chelmsford, Shawshin and Andover; killed a son of George Abbott of Andover, and carried away another captive. Roger Marks was wounded and his horse killed. Two sons of Samuel Varnum were shot as they were rowing a boat across the Merrimack river.
Allen says some of the walls and cellars of the Garrison houses were remaining in his day, and quotes the following:
Considering the present danger of an assault by the Indians on the County of Middlesex, it is ordered that John Phillips, Esq.,
HEYWOOD OR HAYWARD GARRISON HOUSE, VIEW ON SECOND FLOOR
No. 25 HEYWOOD OR HAYWARD GARRISON HOUSE, SOUTH CHELMSFORD
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THE LIFE OF LONG AGO
be commander-in-chief of the lower regiment, and Maj. Tho. Hinchman of the upper regiment in Middlesex, and so continue till an orderly nomination of Majors can be made for said regiment.
Consented to by the Governor and Council,
Isaac Addington, Sec'y.
June 27, 1689.
There is a tradition that a party of Indians once came to the house of one of the early settlers in the night, and made noises like swine and other annoying demonstrations. The man went out, but did not return. His wife barred the doors, and remained with her children until morning, and, on going out, found the head of her husband stuck up on a pole. There is also a tradition that before the settlement of Chelmsford, a battle was fought between the Nashoba Indians and the Wamesits. The battle- ground was a triangular piece of ground on the north side of Frances hill. [Hist. of Westford.]
Long after the days of Hannah Dustin and the kidnapping of the Chelmsford children, in 1690, were the lives of the white settlers insecure. Vagabond Indians lived on the fish they caught, or begged from door to door; and in warm weather, clad only in breech-cloths, would shock the modesty of the "lady of the house," as they lay about under the trees, and helped them- selves to fruit; of pears, especially, they were fond. Not until after the War of 1812, were these shiftless remnants of the savage tribes driven back over the Canadian line.
The region towards Littleton, once called Nashoba, sheltered some undesirable Indians, and, after the Revolution, a number of wild and lawless characters found their way there.
Dea. Isaiah Spalding related that in Indian times one of the girls of the family told the men one morning that the colt was loose at the barn, for she saw his head at the window. The men, believing it to be the head of an Indian, did not go to the barn that day.
After the fear of Indian attacks ceased, people did not feel it necessary to lock their doors at night. Almost any stranger was given entertainment. In the morning a weary traveller might be found lying near the kitchen chimney.
Indian relics found on the land known, in the early history of Chelmsford, as the "Carolina Plain," lead one to believe that many years ago, the red man dwelt there, and one can almost fancy he sees his stalwart form by the ruddy glow of his camp fire.
Many arrow-heads, broken tomahawks, sinkers and other stone relics have been found from year to year while cultivating the soil, and at one time quantities of flint clippings could be seen, but now these are hidden by the dead grass and brush. It is quite evident that these clippings were caused by reducing the rough stone to the desired form. This must have been an arduous
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
task, as they had the crudest implements with which to perform their labors. Arrow-heads are said to have been chipped out of flint by a quick twist with a notched stick of hard wood.
Some of the arrow-heads are made of quartz, and others of granite, but the greater part are of flint. The Indians must have travelled many miles to obtain the flint, as none can be found in this locality.
Could these relics but speak, they might tell us many an interesting story, but their history is obscured in the dim years of the vanished past.
Close by the supposed Indian village, is a small stream, and many cool and never-failing springs.
The land is very easily worked (which must have been much to the Indians' satisfaction), and quite productive for certain crops, especially corn, and if this were a permanent camping ground, some of the land was evidently cultivated for that purpose.
But the true history of the encampment will never be known.
Tradition tells us that less than one hundred years ago, a lone Indian, the last of his tribe, walked over this plain, viewing the ancient camping-ground of his forefathers, then turned his face westward, and stalked slowly and silently away, his eyes following the setting sun.
Mr. Edwin L. Stearns, who supplied the writer with some of the above facts, has a large collection of Indian relics, found upon the Stearns property.
PART TWO.
TOWN ROADS.
Report of the Committee on Naming Streets, 1905:
CHELMSFORD CENTRE.
Chelmsford street :- From the Centre, at junction of Billerica road to Lowell line at Chelmsford street in Lowell. (State high- way.)
Centre street :- From the Centre at Town Hall, and through North Chelmsford to Middlesex road at Common.
Westford road :- From railroad track (N. Y., N. H. & H.), running between the Common and Unitarian Church, through former School District 7, past the house of Fred L. Fletcher, to Westford line.
Littleton road :- From railroad track, running toward Little- ton to Westford line at Tadmuck swamp. (State highway.)
Acton road :- From the Centre at junction of Boston road to South Chelmsford, and beyond, towards Acton, to Westford line. (State highway.)
Boston road :- From the Centre at junction of Billerica road, running due south by the Hazen place to Billerica line.
Billerica road :- From the Centre at Parkhurst's store by the Town Farm to Billerica line.
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THE LIFE OF LONG AGO
Crosby place :- From Centre street, at North square, to house of Miss Abbie F. Crosby.
Fletcher street :- From Centre street, near J. M. Fletcher's to Chelmsford street at railroad crossing.
Worthen street :- From Westford road at Westford square to Centre street at North square.
Bridge street :- From Westford road, near Baptist Church, by house of T. A. Harmon.
Dalton road :- From Westford road, near house of the late D. C. Perham, by house of James F. Stearns to Chelmsford street at Westlands.
Concord road :- From Boston road at Farley's brook to Carlisle line.
Mill road :- From Boston road, passing schoolhouse and sawmill, to Billerica road.
Bartlett street :- From Acton road by Warren's grove to Acton road.
High street :- From Bartlett street, crossing Acton road, over north side of Robin's hill, by house of John Byam to road at Beaver brook.
Adams street :- From Bartlett street, by Adams Library to Boston road.
Robin's Hill road :- From High street, over Robin's hill, crossing Locust road, to Acton road at South Chelmsford.
Warren avenue :- From Boston road through Homestead lands.
Putnam avenue :- From Boston road to and along the south line of Homestead lots.
On Homestead: Cross streets :- First, Second, Third.
River Neck road :- From Billerica road near Rivermeadow brook, to East Chelmsford, passing old schoolhouse and termin- ating at Gorham street.
Turnpike road :- From Billerica road at Town Farm, by Rocky hill to Mill road.
Golden Cove road :- From Town Farm, crossing Chelmsford street at Golden Cove, by schoolhouse and crossing Dalton road, to Lowell line at Steadman street.
Wilson street :- From Chelmsford street, by Wilson cottages to Billerica road.
Evergreen street :- From Chelmsford street near junction with Dalton road, running northerly at Westlands.
Parkhurst road :- From Centre street by Parkhurst's green- houses to Lowell line.
Redshire road :- From Parkhurst road at old turnpike, over Redshire meadow to Golden Cove road.
Lowell road :- From Westford line at Lowell road in Westford, by house of the late E. F. Richardson to Lowell line at junction of Parkhurst road.
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
SOUTH CHELMSFORD.
Maple road :- From Acton road at Post Office to Littleton road at John Ward place.
Tadmuck road :- From Littleton road at John Ward place towards Chamberlain corner in Westford.
Grove road :- From Maple road, past Heart pond cemetery to Westford line.
Proctor road :- From Acton road at Common, over Proctor hill, crossing Park road to Concord road.
Park road :- From road near house formerly of L. J. Mans- field, Jr., running southerly, crossing Acton and Proctor roads to Carlisle line.
Locust road :- From High street at house of John Byam, running easterly, crossing Robin's hill road to Acton road, near house of Alfred B. Paasche.
EAST CHELMSFORD.
Gorham street :- From Gorham street, Lowell, to Billerica line. (State highway.)
Carlisle street :- From Carlisle street in Lowell, by new schoolhouse to Gorham street.
Manning place :- From River Neck road by house of William Manning to J. M. G. Parker estate.
Marshall street :- From River Neck road to Carlisle street near new schoolhouse.
River Neck road :- From Gorham street towards the Centre of the Town, as previously described.
Canal road :- From River Neck road by Samuel L. Blood estate, on line of old Middlesex canal to Brick-kiln road at Daniel Reardon's.
Brick-kiln road :- From Gorham street at house of Charles Fennick to Billerica road (a portion being in Billerica).
WEST CHELMSFORD.
Main street :- From Westford corner toward North Chelms- ford to Groton road.
School street :- From Main street, crossing Stony brook at depot, by schoolhouse, to Westford road near schoolhouse at former District No. 7.
High street :- From School street near house of J. A. Park- hurst to Crooked Springs road.
Crooked Springs road :- From School street near house of George F. Snow towards North Chelmsford to Richardson road.
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NORTH CHELMSFORD.
Middlesex street :- From Lowell line to Tyngsboro line. Newfield street :- From Groton road to Gay street.
Cottage row :- From Middlesex street to Centre street.
Washington street :- From Centre street southerly to New- field street.
Groton road :- From Middlesex street to Westford line.
Mill street :- From Middlesex street at R. R. crossing to Centre street.
Church street :- From R. R. Station, crossing Middlesex street to Centre street.
Richardson road :- From Centre street past house of W. Dunnigan to Lowell road near house of J. P. Daly.
Edward's place :- From Middlesex street to Middlesex street. Wright street :- From Middlesex street to Newfield street. Dunstable road :- From Groton road to Tyngsboro line. Cross street :- From Middlesex street to Dunstable road. Wood street :- From Middlesex street to Dunstable road.
Princeton street :- From Lowell line to intersection of Centre street. (State highway.)
Gay street :- From Middlesex street, crossing Centre street to Newfield street.
Mount Pleasant street :- From Centre street to Mill street.
Ripley street :- From Washington street to the canal.
Mansur street :- From Newfield street to a proposed street parallel to Newfield street.
Henry S. Perham, William H. Shedd, Stewart Mackay, George P. Mansfield, George F. Snow, Committee.
In 1908 the Road Commissioners, Royal S. Ripley, George P. Mansfield and J. Adams Bartlett, ascertained by actual measure- ment that the total length of all roads and streets in Chelmsford is 91 8-10 miles.
The longest road in Town is the road from Tyngsborough line through Chelmsford Centre to the Billerica line at the top of Stevens hill, 7 3-10 miles. Virtually the length of the Town.
The road from West Chelmsford to the Lowell line at Gorham street, East Chelmsford, going through the Centre, is 6 4-10 miles.
The road from the Westford line to the Lowell line at East Chelmsford, via the Centre, is 5 7-10 miles. Virtually the width of the Town.
From the Centre to North Chelmsford at Tyngsborough line is 4 7-10 miles.
From the Billerica line to the Centre is 2 6-10 miles.
Gorham street from the Billerica line to Lowell line is 1 1-10 miles.
Chelmsford street (formerly Lowell street) from the Lowell line to the Post Office at the Centre is 1 8-10 miles.
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
The Syndicate road (Dalton road) from the home of E. C. Perham to the Lowell road is 1 8-10 miles.
From Westford line by the Richardson road by E. F. Richard- son's house to Lowell line is 2 9-10 miles.
From the Lowell line to Westford line via the Centre and South Chelmsford by Heart pond is 5 2-10 miles.
There are 1 2-10 miles on the Homestead, so called, Chelmsford Centre.
The road leading off the Butman road, called Smith avenue, and Stedman street by the old Turnpike to Russell road is 4 miles.
The Dublin road, so called, East Chelmsford, from Billerica road to Gorham street is 1 mile.
The road from East Chelmsford at Lowell line to Chelmsford Centre is 3 miles.
The road from Chelmsford Centre to Carlisle line via Carlisle road by W. Parker's is 2 6-10 miles.
From the Post Office, South Chelmsford, via Parrott hill to Ward's corner on Littleton road is 1 3-10 miles.
From the Post Office, South Chelmsford, to Westford line by the "Pond plain" is 1 mile.
From the Carlisle line to the Post Office at South Chelms- ford by the house of E. Paignon is 1 6-10 miles.
Locust street from Paasche corner on South Chelmsford road to Littleton road at Geo. A. Byam's corner is 1 mile.
The Acton road from Chelmsford Centre to Westford line via South Chelmsford is 3 4-10 miles.
From the Westford line via West Chelmsford to North Chelmsford is 2 3-10 miles.
The various short roads at West Chelmsford by Crooked Spring road and rendering works measure 3 2-10 miles.
From Westford line by Westford street, to the road leading from the Centre to North Chelmsford at foot of Drum hill is 2 miles.
From the Westford line by the Groton road to the State highway at North Chelmsford measures 1-8 of a mile.
From Tyngsborough line to Lowell line on Middlesex street is 3 miles.
The Dunigan road to State highway is 1 mile.
There are 5 7-10 miles of short streets in the village of North Chelmsford.
The back road from the Lowell line near the house of Con Leary to the road leading from Chelmsford Centre to North Chelmsford is 6-10 of a mile.
In the villages of North and West Chelmsford from the foot of Drum hill, including the road from Lowell line to Westford line, are 24 miles of road.
In the villages of Chelmsford Centre, and East Chelmsford, there are 67 8-10 miles of road.
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THE LIFE OF LONG AGO
MIDDLESEX TURNPIKE.
In 1803 a committee was appointed by the Town to go to the General Court to oppose all turnpike roads through Chelms- ford. The Town wanted a free road from New Hampshire to Boston.
The old Middlesex Turnpike, chartered June 15, 1805, by Samuel Swan, Jr., Perkins Nichols, Royal Makepeace, Ebenezer Bridge, William Whittemore, Jr., and James Abbott, and opened about five years later, took the travel to and from Boston through Tyngsborough and Nashua, and was the direct route to the North. It started at Tyngsborough meeting-house and went through Chelmsford, Billerica, Bedford, and Cambridge. The charter was repealed in 1841 and it became a free road in 1846.
The toll house still stands opposite the Town Farm where the turnpike crosses Billerica street. From that point the turnpike lay just south of the present Golden Cove road and led straight on, crossing the present Lowell road where the lane comes out some distance south of the Cove.
The Lowell road from Central square to Golden Cove was laid out in 1827 and was continued to the Middlesex canal in 1829. There was a bridge over Golden Cove brook and also one over the Middlesex canal, where this road crossed it at the boundary line between Chelmsford and Lowell. There was also a bridge over Beaver brook in Central Square in the Centre Village.
The County road from Chelmsford Centre to Bedford was laid out December 26, 1822.
The Littleton road was laid out in 1848.
MAMMOTH ROAD.
The Great Mammoth road, built in 1792 to accommodate travel from Boston to Concord, N. H., crossed the Merrimack at Pawtucket bridge, also built that year.
In 1819 Middlesex street in Lowell, then East Chelmsford, and Pawtucket street were made to intersect at the point where they now join, to give better facilities for travel to Middlesex Village, to which place the street was extended. The skeleton of an Indian was found near the junction of the two streets mentioned.
The Westford road was opened in 1722.
The short piece of road lying on the north side of the common, from Centre street to Westford road, was laid out in 1860.
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