USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Chelmsford > History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts > Part 61
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As population increased and people moved about more, the Article of 1672 was to some extent disregarded, and in 1692, an act was passed for warning persons out of Town, and the custom was practiced until the Act of Settlement of 1793, or for more than one hundred and thirty years.
["Warning Out in N. E.," Benton.]
The following items are a few from the Chelmsford Town Records, which will illustrate the subject:
June 3 1696 paid out of the Town Rate for mending
the pound and entring 2 Caviats at Conkerd Court Against persons warned out of the Towne. .
£01.01.00
When there was danger of newcomers becoming burdensome to the Town, they were warned out and a Caution was entered with the Court of Sessions. 1700 To Joseph Parkhurst for warning Ann Dickerman out of ye Town. 0:1:0:0
In 1707, the following items appear, for warnings the previous year.
To Constable Swalo for warning the wido Coper out of Town 0:1:0:0
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
To Constable Swalo for warning Sam Davis out of Town £0:1:0:0 To Hildreth " 66 ben barit 0:1:0:0 To 66 66 Nathaniell Davis out 0:1:0:0
of Town
"By a warrant from the Town Clerk by order of ye selectmen bearing Date the: 11: Day of July 1720 Mary Man was warned out of the Town of Chelmsford to Depart to the Town of Scituate where of Righ[t] she did belong as appears by the Retron on sd warrant viz. Chelmsford the: 12: Day: 1720 Notified the Person within mentioned forthwith out of Town."
Dec. 16 John Partison was warned to depart out of the Town of Chelmsford with his family to the Town of Billericae.
"There was a warrant for the warning Mary Blanchard out of Town entered at the general sessions of the peice [ ] at Concord the last Tuesday of August 1722."
To Richard Stevens for conveying Mary Blanchard to Dunstable 00.07.00
March 12 17212 The selectmen apointed Mr Joseph Underwood to give in Reasons to the Genll Court Why Mary Lambert should not be setled as an inhabitant upon Chelmsford.
June the: 4: 1722 The select-men Ordered that Lt. Benja- min Adams in there behalf Should agree with the Select-men of Concord Concerning Mary Lambert on these following terms. viz: That if Concord will remit there Cost which was sett upon Chelmsford at the last Inferiour Court at Concord holden by adjournment on the second Tuesday of April last that then they will receive her as an Inhabitant.
To Mr Joseph underwood for his going to Concord Court as agent for the select-men to Defend the Town from Mary Lambert being settled as an Inhabitant with his time, expenses, and seeing a Lawyer . 01.18.04
Feb. 5, 17234 the widow Ana Golusha and her children and John Duncan were warned out of town. Wm. Langley was paid 2 shillings for entering a Warrant at Court.
1726 Jerimy Miller was warned out of town.
1735 To Edward Spaulding Constable for warning several persons out of town . 00.03.00 1755 To Olever Peirce Constable for Warning persons out of Town in the year 1753 five shilling 00.05.00
1756 To Zebadiah Keyes Constable for warning out Jeremiah Ferington and family and Samuel Fasset and family two shillings 00.02.00
1758 To Mr. Jonas Adams for warning Persons out of town and for money paid for Entring Cautions in the year 1756 six shillings 00.06.00
1759 To Eleazer Richardson for warning Robert Hildretch and family out of town and for money paid for entring Causion 00.03.04
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1759 To Sergt Samuel Perham for Removing Timothy farley and family out of town four shillings. £00.04.00 In 1795, 211 persons were warned to depart out of Town within fifteen days. These included:
Phinehas Whiting, Elisha Ford, John Farmer and wife, Henry Coburn and wife, Dr. Timothy Harrington and wife, Samuel Pitts, Joanna, his wife, and their children, Thomas, John, Sarah and Mary, and a person by the name of Mary Philips from Boston; Jeremiah Abbott, wife and daughter, Jonathan and Timothy Manning and their wives, Israel and David Putnam.
Books F, G, I, P and V of the Town Records name hundreds of people warned out during the Eighteenth Century.
SMALLPOX.
From very early times (the sixth century) the Chinese inocu- lated persons with smallpox, with a reduced mortality. In 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montague had her son inoculated in London. But inoculated persons became a focus for the spread of the disease. Shortly before the year 1800, one-tenth of the population of England died of the smallpox. In 1775, Jenner discovered vaccination to be a preventive of this disease. This was inocula- tion with cow-pox as a protection against smallpox, and began to be practiced in 1796. The ravages of smallpox in the army and navy as well as among people generally were very great. In 1721, nearly 8 per cent. of the population of Boston died with this disease. Smallpox was brought to Europe by the returning crusaders and reached England by the thirteenth century. It was introduced into America by the Spaniards shortly after the year 1500, and spread with great severity.
"April the 23, 1722 it is Ordered by the Select-men That in as-much as the small-pox is in John Bates his family and it is to be feared the infection will spread if some due Care be not rather speedily [taken] to prevent the same: That the Country Road be stopt with fencing across by sd Bates Cider-mill and by Ebenezer Spauldings Orchard and that notifications be sett on the sd fence at each stopage to inform passengers of the occasion that thereby they may be prevented from taking any infection.
To a perticular Warrant to notifie Bates familie to prevent the spreading of the small pox. £00.02.00
for Returning the precept
00.05.00
for one Day to hire a nurce to nurce at Bates 00.02.00
for fencing the high-way to prevent the spreading of the small pox 00.03.00
Novem. 2, 1722. To John Davise Constable for one Day to notify those families that had the small-pox that they keep themselves entirely at home to prevent the spreading thereof 00.03.06
to Sd Davice for another Day in the service above sd. . 00.03.06
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
Feb. 24, 1776. To Benjamin Spaulding for time
spent about fencing up the road to prevent people's going
to Dr. Marshall's when the small pox was there.
..
£0:1:6:0
In 1792 Voted "not to have a Horspetel (or pest house) erected in this Town" "not at the expense of the Town but of such persons as may chuse to be inoculated in some part or parts of the Town where non of the Inhabitants shall in measure be exposed to the infection."
In 1823 the Town voted to provide a suitable hospital for the reception of all infected with the smallpox, and to petition the Legislature to make it the duty of the selectmen of each Town to provide annually for the vaccination of the inhabitants. The names of the Committee were Francis Brinley, William Adams and Kirk Boott.
In 1835, $100 was appropriated for vaccinating all persons in the Town.
In 1838, the turnpike was closed to travel on account of smallpox, from which the families of James V. Hadley and Willard Cummings suffered, and received respectively from the Town $136 and $71 to help pay their charges.
PART TWO.
FIRST SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF.
1866, June 1, a school for the deaf was established in Chelms- ford, of which Miss Harriet B. Rogers was made the principal and Miss Mary Byam, assistant. Only three pupils were enrolled on the first day, others were engaged to follow in a short time, one came in September and two in the following spring. This Chelmsford school was the first regularly organized school for the deaf in this country in which only the pure oral method was taught. The number of pupils was limited to seven. While Miss Rogers had eight pupils in the spring of 1867, only two were paying the full price, and Mr. Gardiner Greene Hubbard raised about a thousand dollars to help carry on the work, Mrs. Henry Lippitt, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Francis W. Bird, Mr. S. D. Warren and others subscribing. The Hon. Mr. Hubbard was of great assistance in many ways. The school owed its existence to him. Mrs. Mary Swift Lamson, a teacher of Laura Bridgman, lent her aid. The Chelmsford School became the nucleus of the Clark School at Northampton.
[See Dumb No Longer, De Land.]
Several notices of the Chelmsford School appeared in the Boston papers. These notices led officials of institutions for the deaf, in other States, to visit the school to perceive how the seemingly impossible was brought about. Some thought the system was wasteful of time and money, but others highly appre- ciated the value of the new system of instruction, and gradually introduced it into their institutions; that is, the system of teaching only by articulation and lip-reading. This school had great
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success and deaf-mutes were taught to speak and articulate correctly and to read from the lips. The school was held at first in the left-hand upper front-room of Deacon Otis Adams' house fronting on the Common, and later was moved to the lower floor of the Academy, which adjoined it and which became the Baptist parsonage. Mr. John Clark of Northampton intimated that he would give $50,000 to found a school for the deaf in that town, and in 1867, the organization of the corporation was completed. Miss Rogers was unanimously elected principal, and a cordial invitation was extended to the Chelmsford pupils to enter the new school. At first, says Mr. De Land, Miss Rogers hesitated to close the little pioneer school. She finally accepted, and left Chelmsford in August, and on October 1, 1867, formally opened the Clark School, with Miss Mary S. Byam as her assistant.
One of the pupils at Chelmsford was Theresa, daughter of the Hon. Lewis J. Dudley of Northampton. She was a deaf- mute, but learned to talk. Another pupil was Mabel, daughter of Mr. Hubbard. A third was Jeanie, daughter of Gov. Lippitt of Rhode Island. Roscoe Green was also a pupil of Miss Rogers. Mabel Hubbard became the wife of Alexander Graham Bell. It was from his experiments in visualizing the vibrations of speech in order to enable deaf children to read speech from the graphic presentations of the inflections and modulations of the speaker's words, that the invention of the telephone came about. ["Dumb No Longer."]
THE SOCIAL LIBRARY.
The period following the Revolution was marked by intellec- tual as well as other activities. In an address made at the centennial of the founding of this library, Mr. H. S. Perham dwells upon that fact, and speaks of the men like the Hon. John Pitts and the Hon. Dudley A. Tyng, officers of the Mass. Society for promoting Agriculture in 1792, and of other members, the Hon. Ebenezer Bridge, perhaps the most influential citizen of Chelmsford at that time, Parker Varnum, Esq., and Samuel Pitts, Esq., as being interested in furthering such organizations for the good of the community. Such industrial and agricultural enterprises with the various religious and educational institutions, schools and academies, which were founded in that period, as well as the canals, bridges, mills, and good dwellings, show a community of a high order of intelligence. "The state of society was such as to attract brilliant and gifted minds to settle here for the practice of the professions. Samuel Dexter, LL. D., the statesman, opened an office here in 1786, and Asahel Stearns, A. M., later professor of law in Harvard College, in 1800."
The Social Library was organized in 1794, and incorporated in 1812. Some account of it will be found in connection with the life of its founder, the Rev. Hezekiah Packard. The articles of
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
agreement were signed by seventy-eight persons, making a valuable collection of Chelmsford autographs. In 1801, the Institution and Regulations were printed with the list of books (170). The Institution varies slightly in phraseology from the original Constitution and reads thus: Every attempt to improve the minds and morals of men is laudable and praiseworthy. Every exertion to entertain and instruct persons of different ages and ranks, and to induce a relish for useful learning and moral science deserves the patronage of the wise and good. Being persuaded that a Social Library, under good regulations, may answer these purposes, We, the Subscribers, do constitute and form ourselves into a Society, this sixth day of January, 1794, for establishing such a Library in the Town of Chelmsford. And we mutually promise and engage to conform and submit to the following Laws and Rules, which shall be subject, however, to such alterations as shall hereafter be thought proper.
The membership fee was two dollars; the annual dues twenty-five cents.
Of the first ninety-three books purchased, but twelve could be classed as fiction. Moral, religious and philosophical works predominated, relieved by a few volumes of poetry or of voyages and travel. The books were kept at the houses of the librarians, of whom the first was Oliver Barron, at whose tavern the books were first lodged. Next they spent a year at Simeon Spaulding's, then several years at the parsonage, and a long time at the house of Captain Caleb Abbott. They were moved about frequently after that, (E. H. Warren thus transported them six times) until no suitable place could be found, and they were stored. Then Mr. William Fletcher cared for them, and finally a room was fitted up in the Town Hall to receive them. Joseph Warren gave $500 for a fund and Adams Emerson $75. In 1893, it was made a free public library, taking advantage of the State provision, the Town appropriating $200, and the State giving $100 worth of books. $50 worth was also given by the library commissioners. The Social Library gave their 1,846 volumes. There was also the Chelmsford Agricultural Library of 101 volumes.
FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The Free Public Library of Chelmsford, in the report of 1894, states that the proprietors of the Chelmsford Social Library voted, May 8, 1893, to donate the books belonging to them to the Free Public Library. These were turned over to the trustees, July 1. The South Chelmsford Library also gave their entire collection of books.
The library was first opened to the public, October 7, 1893. The trustees were Mrs. Harriet M. Bartlett, secretary, Luther H. Sargent, Henry S. Perham, chairman, S. Ingersoll Briant, Louisa A. Allen, A. Heady Park.
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SLAVES, WITCHES
In 1896, by vote of the Town, the name was changed to "The Adams Library."
THE ADAMS LIBRARY.
The inadequacy of the accommodations at the Town Hall for the increasing number of volumes led to the making of plans for remodelling of the old brick schoolhouse at the cemetery, when Mr. Amos F. Adams became interested in the project, and other locations were considered. Finally, the present site of the Adams Library was given to the Town by Mr. J. Adams Bartlett, and Captain C. E. A. Bartlett bore the expense of grading it. Mr. Adams then caused to be erected the present elegant building, at a cost of about $30,000.
Amos Francis Adams was born in South Chelmsford, May 26, 1842, and married Alice J. Wellington of Ashby, Mass., December 25, 1865. He was the son of Charles and Nancy Robbins Adams. His line of descent on his father's side is: Amos F., Charles, Isaac, Thomas, Samuel, Timothy, Lieut. Thomas, Henry.
He died, Wednesday, January 4, 1911, at his home in Newton. He received his early education here, and then at the Appleton Academy, New Ipswich. In 1862, he went to Boston and obtained employment in the Quincy Market. In 1866, he became a commission merchant, and later the senior member of the firm of Adams and Chapman, in North Market street. He liked hunting as a diversion, and went sometimes to the West with gun and dogs on a hunting trip. He was generous and affable, and in personal appearance was well-built and handsome. He contributed liberally to the Unitarian organ in Chelmsford and to the erection of All Saints' cloister. He was a member of the Dalhousie Lodge of Masons in Newton and of the Royal Arch Chapter and Gethsemane Commandery. His life-size portrait in oil hangs in the Library.
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION.
The centennial celebration of the founding of the Social Library took place in the Town Hall, Saturday evening, January 6, 1894. Mr. H. S. Perham gave the historical address. Mr. George A. Parkhurst read a poem written for the occasion by Mrs. M. L. Emerson. Addresses were made by Governor Greenhalge, Thomas Parker Proctor, Esq., Judge Samuel P. Hadley and Professor C. F. Emerson of Dartmouth College, and letters were read from Mr. C. H. Dalton of Boston and Professor A. S. Packard of Brown University.
586
HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
DEDICATION.
The dedication of the Adams Library took place May 8, 1895. Dinner was served in a large tent on the Library grounds at one o'clock. The Rev. E. A. Horton of Boston delivered the address. Many people were assembled, and some of the speakers were those who had spoken at the above mentioned centennial.
The Adams Library contains over 11,000 volumes, and has a circulation of about 18,000. Although situated in the Centre Village, it also supplies the South and East Villages with books.
The report of 1895 gives the organization of the Board of Trustees, as H. S. Perham, chairman, Mrs. H. M. Bartlett, secretary; the other trustees were A. Heady Park, Louisa A. Allen, Luther H. Sargent and Rev. S. Ingersoll Briant.
The report of 1896 gives J. Adams Bartlett and Mrs. Georgiana H. Pierce instead of Mr. Perham and Miss Allen.
The other trustees elected by the Town have been, O. S. Batchelder, Emma L. Gay, Albert H. Davis, Rev. Wilson Waters, Frances Clark, Otis P. Wheeler.
The present Board consists of Messrs. Davis (since 1898). Waters (since 1899), Park (since 1894), E. R. Clark (since 1910), Wheeler (since 1910), and Miss Clark (since 1903).
The librarians of the Free Public Library and the Adams Library have been Mrs. E. T. Adams, Miss Nettie M. Stevens, Rev. H. A. Cornell, Lieut. Com. Charles H. Greenleaf, E. R. Clark, Mrs. E. R. Clark.
[For action of the Town in accepting the building, see chapter entitled "Annals."]
In 1895, the committee appointed by the Town to arrange for the dedication of the new building of the Adams Library were: J. Adams Bartlett, E. K. Parkhurst, H. S. Perham, Frank C. Byam, Newell E. Parker, S Ingersoll Briant, E H Shaw, George F Snow, Wilson R Dix. The dedication took place May 8, 1895. "The citizens, with the invited guests, assembled at noon and marched in procession under the lead of the marshal, Hon. E. H. Shaw, to the tent (on the Library grounds) in which dinner was served. Music was furnished by the Dunstable band, and during the exercises by the Corinthian Quartet of Boston. The divine blessing was invoked by Rev. S. I. Briant. The president of the day, Mr. C. E. A. Bartlett, made the opening address. The donor, Mr. Amos F. Adams, in felicitous words, presented the keys of the Adams Library to the chairman of the selectmen, Mr. J. E. Warren, who accepted the trust in behalf of the Town. The dedicatory prayer was offered by Rev. Granville Pierce. The oration by Rev. E. A. Horton of Boston set forth 'The signifi- cance of the Free Public Library in modern New England.' Addresses followed from Hon. John D. Long of Hingham, Thomas P. Proctor, Esq., of Boston, Rev. W. S. Packard of Brown Univer-
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sity, Judge S. P. Hadley of Lowell, Hon. Henry S. Nourse of Lancaster, Hon. George A. Marden of Lowell, and Prof. C. F. Emerson of Dartmouth College. There was a large audience. Gifts were reported aggregating $1,150; also 359 volumes and 517 magazines.
Some of the larger donations which the Library has received are these: From Thomas Minot Adams, $500; from Thomas P. Proctor, $500; by the will of Miss Mary B. Proctor, $10,000, subject to certain contingencies, with a life-size portrait of her father, Thomas P. Proctor; a tall clock from B. M. Fiske; a reference case from Miss Maria L. Reed, in memory of the Reed family; from the V. I. A., a cabinet for the preservation of historic relics; and $200 from the estate of Serlina G. Richardson.
The Library is supported by an annual appropriation of $1,200 by the Town.
NORTH CHELMSFORD LIBRARY.
A meeting for the organization of the North Chelmsford Library Association met at the Town Hall in that village, January 19, 1872. Dr. N. B. Edwards was chairman, and L. H. Sargent, secretary. The officers elected were President, N. B. Edwards; Vice President, Charles W. Flint; Secretary, F. T Gay; Treasurer, Samuel T. Wright; Directors: Ziba Gay, 3 years; L. H. Sargent, 2 years; Benj. Fletcher, 1 year.
The next winter a course of lectures was given under the auspices of the Association. Other courses followed.
October 16, 1878, it was voted to purchase a building and land of N. B. Edwards.
In 1879, the number of books in the Library was 376.
The interest shown in the prosperity of the Library was frequently evidenced by gifts of various kinds and work done on the building. The Ladies' Union Club contributed to its success.
In 1888, some correspondence is noted with the Social Library at the Centre Village, in regard to exchange of books.
Dr. Edwards and Mr. C. W. Flint each gave $500 for a fund. Various other gifts have been received.
In 1893, there was a discussion of the proposition to make the Social Library at the Centre (of about 2,000 volumes) a free town library, and the library at the North Village (with about 2,700 volumes) becoming a branch of this.
In 1894, the Association voted, in consideration of an appro- priation of $200 made by the Town, to make the books of the Library free to all inhabitants of the Town.
The Association was incorporated August 8, 1907, under the name of the North Chelmsford Library Corporation.
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HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD
ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS TO THE LIBRARY FUND.
Adams, Thomas J .; Adams, Willie; Baldwin Co .; Bailey, George O .; Blodgett, Floyer F .; Blodgett, Frederick W .; Blod- gett, Hattie M .; Bond, Phineas S .; Bosworth, Henry E .; Burn- ham, R. S .; Butterfield, John H .; Choate, Alfred R .; Dodge, J. S .; Draper, William L .; Duncan, Fred T .; Dunn, Sarah; Durant, Thos. and Son; Edwards, Nathan B .; Farr, Mary; Fisk, Henry A .; Flagg, Timothy; Fletcher, Benjamin; Fletcher, Frank A .; Fletcher, Jona. T .; Flint, Charles W .; Gay, Frederick T .; Gay, Ziba; Grow, Don Alonzo; Hall, Harrison; Hall, John S .; Hogan, Patrick; Hollis, Mary; Holt, George B .; Howard, Mary; Hyde, George; Josselyn, Edwin; Leavitt, Stephen B .; Marshall, Thomas W .; Phillips, Daniel, Rev .; Rendall, Job; Richardson, Edward F .; Ripley, Fred. K .; Ripley, Royal S .; Sampson, James A .; Sampson, Seth P .; Sargent, J. Hoyt; Sargent, Luther H .; Sargent, Nelly H .; Sharp, Clara J .; Sharp, John; Shaw, Elisha; Shaw, Elisha H .; Sheldon, George T .; Sheldon, Julia L .; Sleeper, James F .; Small, Everett F .; Smith, George H .; Stetson, Martha; Swain, Edwin; Swett, Mrs. William; Tuck, William; Warley, John; Warren, Frances; Wheeler, Otis P .; Whidden, George W .; Willsteed, Charles; Woodward, Horace W .; Worden, Mrs. Charles; Wright, Samuel T .; Wright, Otis D.
The directors for 1914 were Henry T. Ripley, H. Ellen Sargent and Sarah E. Sheldon.
The North Chelmsford Library contains about 7,000 volumes, and has a circulation of about 14,000. It supplies the West Village with books.
The Town appropriates $800 annually for its support.
THE CHELMSFORD MONUMENT ASSOCIATION.
Mr. Charles H. Dalton of Boston, having suggested the idea of erecting a monument to the memory of the Revolutionary patriots of Chelmsford, the following gentlemen met at the house of Deacon Otis Adams, on the evening of Friday, March 25, 1859, to discuss the subject: Capt. Josiah Fletcher, Otis Adams, Dr. J. C. Bartlett, Gardner Fletcher, William Fletcher, E. K. Parkhurst, J. Richardson Fletcher, C. H. Dalton, E. H. Warren.
Deacon Adams was chairman, and E. H. Warren, secretary. The result of this meeting was that a public meeting of the citizens was held at the Town hall, with the same officers, on the 15th of April, and the Chelmsford Monument Association was formed. Mr. Dalton presented a patriotic preamble and resolutions, and a constitution was adopted. Willard Parker, M. D., of New York, was chosen president, and J. C. Bartlett, M. D., H. W. B. Wight- man, Esq., Capt. Asa Hodgman, and R. W. Emerson, Esq., of Concord, vice presidents. The recording secretaries were E. H.
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Warren and G. A. Parkhurst, and the corresponding secretaries, J. Richardson Fletcher, C. H. Dalton, Esq., and J. F. K. Adams. Deacon Otis Adams was treasurer.
The executive committee were: Capt. Josiah Fletcher, John C. Dalton, M. D., Gen. Benjamin Adams, Hon. J. G. Abbott of Lowell, Major Joseph Manning, Matthias Spalding, M. D., of Amherst, N. H., Gardner Fletcher, Esq., Christopher Roby, Esq., Alpheus Spalding and William Fletcher.
A Prospectus for the Chelmsford Monument was issued and signed by John C. Dalton, Willard Parker, J. G. Abbott, Benj. Adams, R. Waldo Emerson, Matthias Spaulding, William Fletcher, Joseph Warren, Otis Adams, Josiah Fletcher, Joel Adams, Samuel F. Wood, Alpheus Spalding, Owen Emerson, Amos Carlton, Gardner Fletcher, and Joseph Manning.
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