USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Lincoln > Town Report on Lincoln 1891-1898 > Part 8
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It is but just to say that our present corps of teachers are in hearty sympathy with the plan pro- posed, and are working with energy and ability in the lines suggested.
There has been some improvement in attendance as will be observed in the table of statistics. The aver- age membership is larger in proportion to the enroll-
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ment than last year, and the per cent. of attendance has slightly increased, while the instances of tardiness have been decreased almost one-half.
Irregular attendance has become a habit with some of our pupils, if not with their parents, to such an extent that the improvement is not as great as I had hoped for.
This matter requires special attention and effort on the part of both teachers and parents, that the lessons of punctuality and attention to duty may be enforced, - lessons not less important than any taught in the public schools, since they are essential elements of success in life.
NOTES FROM PARENTS.
Teachers are instructed to request notes from parents when children are tardy or absent. This request is made in all kindness, and with the utmost courtesy towards parents, and is done in order that the teachers may co-operate with parents in the care of children on their way to and from school, in accord- ance with the requirements of law. This is not assuming that children are untruthful, although it must be confessed that the word of all children cannot be relied upon, and especially is this true of those who are inclined to be laggards or truants. The request is certainly a just one, and made in the interest of both parent and pupil, and ought to receive the approval of all parents. In no other way can parents always know whether their children are in school when they ought to be.
RECORD CARDS.
Instead of promoting pupils on the result of an examination on the year's work, or on the teacher's
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estimate of the pupil's work made at the end of the year, cards have been furnished the teachers, on which the pupil's record of character, scholarship, and attendance are carefully made at the end of each month, and these cards, which give a true record of the pupil's work in the school room, and of his conduct in and about the school building, will form the basis of promotion. Thus the cards ought to be of much inter- est to teachers, parents, and pupils. They go into the hands of the parents every month and keep them informed of the pupil's standing in school. Parents are requested to give the cards careful attention, and, if they indicate doubt of the pupils' promotion, to co-operate with teachers in urging their children to better effort in the line of failure. The record of scholarship is made up from frequent oral and written tests, combined with class work, and is, thus, the record the child makes for himself as a pupil, as the work of future years will be the record he makes as a citizen. The promotion, therefore, which means much to the pupil, does not turn on a "lucky hit," or an unfortu- nate mistake, as is often the case when it is based on the result of a single examination, but is made on his steady, every-day work-the same test that will be applied as a measure of his success or failure in the active life for which he is preparing.
HIGH SCHOOL.
A convenient room for supplies has been made in the boys' upper hall, relieving the High School of the inconvenience of using its recitation room as a store- house. The supplies are now much better cared for, and the cost of the improvement was slight, while no incon- venience has resulted from the space taken in the hall.
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A set of the International Cyclopedia has been added to the appliances of the High School, and the constant use made of these reference books proves their practical necessity. If they have not already paid for themselves, they have, at least, paid large interest on their cost.
At the opening of the fall term an assistant was employed in the High School for two hours a day, allowing the assistant in the grammar school to devote all her time to the lower school, instead of dividing it between the two, as formally. This has proved an advantage to both schools, and one that is appreciated by the High School pupils as shown by their excellent work. This change is a profitable one and would be, if it cost more than it does at present.
COURSE OF STUDY FOR HIGH SCHOOL.
In outlining this course of study it has not been con- sidered the province of our High School to fit pupils for college, but rather to give them a better knowledge of English and a broader mental development, and thus fit them for active life and citizenship. The attempt has, therefore, been to make a practical English course to supplement that outlined for the lower schools, and to carry on the lines of study there begun.
COST OF SCHOOLS.
It is both interesting and instructive to note, in the following table, the comparison of Lincoln with neigh- boring towns in the cost of schools.
The comparison has been made with the other five towns in this superintendency district, and with a few neighboring and representative towns in the county and with the average for the county.
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COMPARATIVE EXPENSE TABLE.
Sum appropri- Average wages Percentage of
valuation
ated by town for each child between 5
per month of female teach- ers.
appropriated to Public Schools in mills and hundredths.
Length of school yr. in months and days.
and 15 years of age.
Lincoln, .
$16 87
$35 20
$.001-73
9-10
Bedford, .
16 20
38 80
2-39
10
Billerica,
11 11
35 50
2-45
9-10
Burlington,
9 43
32 00
1-96
9
Carlisle, .
12 22
29 00
2-46
9
Wilmington,
14 25
32 64
4-21
10
Chelmsford,
13 51
35 20
3-42
9
Concord,
19 73
59 16
3-61
10
Lexington,
19 21
45 00
2-95
10
Lowell, .
14 64
60 31
3-02
9-16
Cambridge, .
18 17
62 00
3-22
10
Waltham,
19 04
58 23
3-33
10
Av. for Mid'sex Co.,
16 67
50 79
3-29
8-9
.
.
It will be observed that, in the cost per pupil, Lincoln ranks fifth in the list of twelve towns in the compari- son, and slightly above the average for the county. In the salaries paid female teachers there are but three below it, and it is more than fifteen dollars per month below the average for the county. In the cost of schools to valuation also Lincoln ranks extremely low, being the lowest in the list, and only about one-third of the average for the county.
The figures in the above table have been taken from the report of the State Board of Education for 1890-91. There has been some change during the past two years but the relative comparison probably remains about the same.
This comparison shows that Lincoln is paying for its schools about the same per pupil as the average towns in the county, and considerably less than some of the
65
adjoining towns, while it is evidently able to pay as much for the education of its children as any town in the county.
It also shows that the salaries of teachers is rela- tively low to the other school expenses. Thus the most essential element in efficient schools - good teachers-has been, in a sense, overlooked. Schools without good teachers, although otherwise well equipped, will make poor progress ; while with less money expended in other directions, but with good teachers, good results will be obtained. Without good teachers it is impossible to have good schools. We had better have teachers without books than books without teachers. But there is no reason why a town, that possesses the means that Lincoln does, should not pay salaries large enough to secure and retain effi- cient teachers, and at the same time supply all needed appliances and accommodations.
CONCLUSION.
I wish to thank the teachers for their earnest work, and for the progressive spirit they have shown in will- ingly advancing along the lines I have suggested.
To the Committee I also express my thanks for the large liberty they have given me in the management of the schools, for the consideration given to my plans and suggestions, and for the courtesy I have always received at their hands.
Respectfully submitted,
L. T. McKENNEY.
5
TABLE OF STATISTICS.
SCHOOL.
TERM.
TEACHER.
[.Whole num-
ber differ-
ent pupils.
member- Average
tendance. daily at- Average
tendance. daily at- Per cent. of
Tardinesses.
Visits of cit-
izens.
Visits of
Committee.
Visits of Su-
perintend't.
Length of Term.
Winter ....
Ass't, Ella L. Bates ..
...
C. C. Davis ..
28
26.45
22.11
83.59
7
*
*
5
2} months.
Ass't, Ella L. Bates ..
28
24
22.91
95.45
9
12
6
8
32 months.
Roscoe A. Small
Ass't, Bertha Scripture ..
43
35.09
30.99
88.25
17
7
6
3
3} months.
Spring .....
Carrie B. Chapin.
19
44.25
41.49
93.76
4
10
0
4
24 months.
Central ..
Ass't, Ella L. Bates ..
54
49.06
45.32
92.37
26
12
1
6
32 months.
Ass't, Harriette F. Sawin
23
15.43
13.39
86.71
37
12
11
3
3} months.
S. Grammar ...
Winter .. .. Spring. ....
Harriette F. Sawin ....
20
20.26
18.42
90 91
27
23
5
3
2} months.
Fall .....
Caroline L. Walker.
30
27.65
25
90.49
29
29
15
6
33 months.
Winter .. .
S. Adelaide Wetherbee ..
36
26.63
22.92
86.07
33
13
4
3
months.
S. Primary .. ..
Spring ... .. Fall.
Kate W. Grose.
33
31.66
28.77
90.87
20
24
9
34
months.
Winter .. ..
Florence M. Sherman ....
23
20.70
17.94
86.42
11
9
2
2
3
months.
North ..
...
Spring. ... .
Florence M. Sherman ...
24
20.38
17.79
87.29
9
0
2
3
24 months.
Fall.
Florence M. Sherman. ..
21
18.90
16.84
89.10
24
22
2
5
3ª months.
YEARLY AVERAGES.
High. .
...
Changed during year ..
29
26.06
22.5
89.86 91.46
22 47
12
6
16
9, months.
Centre ...
Carrie B. Chapin.
43
42.80
39.27
9, months.
S. Grammar
Changed during year ..
25
21 11
18.90
89.37
93
64
31
12
9, months.
S. Primary .
Changed during year ....
46
30.77
27.33
88.69 87.60
109 44
31
6
10
9 months.
Total, 1892. .
.
.
.
·
172
140.76
125.52
89.40
315
183
67
63
Total, 1891. ....
.
.
185
146.53
127.20
89.13
561
150
27
67
.
Winter .. ..
Ass't, Ella L. Bates.
...
. .
S. Adelaide Wetherbee ..
40
34.02
30.41
89.12
56
10
4
3
2₺
months.
....
.
C. C. Davis.
29
27.67
22.48
80.55
6
*
3
3} months.
Spring ... ..
1
High .....
Fall.
J. Q. Hayward .. ..
* No Date.
99
..
Florence M. Sherman .... 29
20.02
17.52
47
17
12
9, months.
North ..
29
7
13
Carrie B. Chapin.
Fall.
Carrie B. Chapin.
Harriette F. Sawin ......
ship.
Course of Study, Lincoln High School.
FIRST YEAR.
Ist Term,
. Commercial Arith., 5 Physics,
. 5 English, 3
Reading, 3 Latin, . . 4
2d Term, .
. Book-keeping, . . 5 Physics and Chemistry, 5 English, · . 3
Reading,
3 Latin, . . 4
3d Term,
.
Chemistry, .
. 5|English,
3|Gen. History, 5 Reading, .
3 Latin, . . 4
SECOND YEAR.
Ist Term, .
Geometry, .
5 Zoology,
. 5 American Lit., . 5
Latin, . . 4
2d Term, .
. Geometry, . . 5|Human Body, · . 5
Eng. History, 5
3d Term, .
Geometry,
. 5 Botany (Plant Anal.) . 5
U. S. History, 5
Latin, . . 4 Latin. . 4
THIRD YEAR.
Ist Term,
. Algebra, .
5 Geology, .
.
.
. 5|Eng. Literature, 5
Latin, . . 4
2d Term, . .
Algebra, .
. 5 |Physical Geography, . 5 Eng. Literature,
5
Latin, . 4
3d Term, .
. Algebra, · . 5 Astronomy, . 5
Civil Gov't, . 5
Latin, . 4
Gymnastics daily. Rhetoricals once in three weeks for each pupil. Figures beside subjects indicate the number of recita- tions per week.
67
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At a meeting of the School Committee held Feb. 16, the report of the Superintendent was accepted and adopted as the report of the Committee.
GEORGE FLINT, CHARLES S. WHEELER, OGDEN CODMAN,
School
Committee.
REPORT OF THE OFFICERS
OF THE
Town of Lincoln
From Feb. 1, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1894.
ALSO, THE
Report of the School Committee,
FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1893-94.
BOSTON. WASHINGTON POBAS !" GEO. E. CROSBY & CO , PEINTERS, 888 WASHINGTON STREET, 1844.
REPORT OF THE OFFICERS
OF THE
TOWN OF LINCOLN
From Feb. 1, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1894.
ALSO, THE
Report of the School Committee,
FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1893-94.
BOSTON: "WASHINGTON PRESS :" GEO. E. CROSBY & CO., PRINTERS, 383 WASHINGTON STREET, 1894.
TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1893-94.
Moderator at Town Meetings. CHARLES S. WHEELER. Town Clerk. JAMES L. CHAPIN.
Selectmen and Overseers of Poor.
SAMUEL HARTWELL, JOHN F. FARRAR,
ARTHUR W. KIDDER. Assessors.
CHARLES S. SMITH, WALLACE M. BROOKS,
JAMES H. FARRAR.
Treasurer and Collector of Taxes. CHARLES S. WHEELER. Auditor. WILLIAM L. G. PEIRCE.
Constables.
JAMES H. FARRAR,
EDWIN DUTCHER,
ARTHUR W. KIDDER.
School Committee.
GEORGE FLINT,
JAMES H. FARRAR, MOSES W. KIDDER,
Term expires 1894.
1894.
1896.
School Superintendent. L. T. McKENNEY.
Water Commissioners.
ARTHUR W. KIDDER, Term expires 1894.
LEONARD W. WESTON,
.
66
1895.
GEORGE L. CHAPIN,
66
1896.
SAMUEL HARTWELL, Chairman of Selectmen ex-officio.
CHARLES S. WHEELER, Town Treasurer ex-officio.
4
SAMUEL FARRAR,
Field Drivers. LORENZO E. BROOKS, HENRY W. BARNES. Fence Viewers.
J. W. NELSON, SAMUEL FARRAR. . Surveyors of Lumber. N. F. COUSINS, GEORGE F. HARRINGTON, EDWARD R. FARRAR.
Measurers of Wood and Bark.
EDWARD R. FARRAR, WALTER ' F. BAKER,
FRANCIS J. KIDDER, GEORGE L. CHAPIN,
THOMAS L. GILES.
Commissioners of Sinking and Trust Funds.
LEONARD W. WESTON,
Term expires 1894.
GEORGE ROPES, .
1895.
WARREN K. BLODGETT,
1896.
Cemetery Committee.
JAMES L. CHAPIN,
CHARLES S. SMITH,
.
.
66 1896.
HENRY C. CHAPIN, M. D.,
66 1897.
HERBERT E. BARNES, .
.
66 1898.
Registrars.
SAMUEL HARTWELL, JOHN F. FARRAR, JAMES L. CHAPIN.
ARTHUR W. KIDDER,
Trustees of Lincoln Public Library. GEORGE G. TARBELL, M. D., President.
SAMUEL H. PIERCE, JOHN F. FARRAR.
SAMUEL HARTWELL, Chairman of Selectmen, ex-officio.
GEORGE FLINT, Chairman of School Committe, ex-officio.
Trustees of Bemis Fund for Free Public Lectures.
GEORGE ROPES, WARREN K. BLODGETT,
GEORGE FLINT.
Term expires 1894.
1895.
JOHN TASKER,
5
Trustees of Grammar School Fund.
CHARLES S. WHEELER, EDWARD C. FOSTER. HERBERT E. BARNES. Sexton. EDA B. BARNES.
APPOINTED BY SELECTMEN : Superintendent of Streets. DANIEL H. SHERMAN. Sealer of Weights and Measures. JAMES L. CHAPIN.
Janitor of Town House. GEORGE L. CHAPIN.
Fire and Forest Fire Wardens.
CLARENCE A. BROOKS, CHARLES S. SMITH, JAMES H. FARRAR.
Inspector of Provisions and Animals. JOHN F. FARRAR.
Police Officer, Sec. 85, Chap. 27, Public Statutes. JAMES B. BUTTERFIELD.
WARRANT.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
MIDDLESEX SS.
To Arthur W. Kidder, or either of the Constables of the Town of Lincoln, in said County, GREETING :
In the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, you are hereby required to notify and warn the inhab- itants of the Town of Lincoln, duly qualified to vote in town affairs, to assemble at the Town Hall, on Monday, March fifth next, at one o'clock, P. M., to act on the following articles, viz. :
ARTICLE 1. To choose a Moderator to preside at said meeting.
ART. 2. To hear the reports of Town Officers and all other persons whose duty it is to make reports at this meeting, and enact anything in relation to said reports the town shall think proper.
ART. 3. To choose all necessary Town Officers, Committees, Commissioners and Trustees.
ART. 4. To enact anything in relation to the Jury List prepared by the Selectmen.
ART. 5. To determine the manner of repairing the highways and bridges of the town the ensuing year, and enact anything in relation thereto.
ART. 6. To appropriate money for all necessary purposes of the town, and enact anything in relation thereto.
7
ART. 7. To consider and provide for the payment of the water debt, which matures December 1, 1894, and enact anything in relation thereto.
ART. 8. To give in their votes by ballot in answer to the question : "Shall licenses be granted for the sale of intoxicating liquors in this town ?" The check list shall be used, as provided by section 5, chapter 100 of the Public Statutes.
ART. 9. To determine the manner of collecting taxes, also the compensation of the Collector for the ensuing year ; and to see if the town will authorize the Collector to use all means of collecting taxes which a Town Treasurer when appointed Collector may use.
ART. 10. To see if the Town will authorize their Treasurer, under the direction of the Selectmen to borrow money in anticipation of taxes, if necessary, and for payment of new Depot road if built the present year.
ART. 11. To see if the Town will pay for use of hearse at funerals, when requested so to do by inter- ested citizens.
ART. 12. To see if the Town will dispose of the East and North School-houses, or either of them, or enact anything in relation to them.
ART. 13. To see if the Town will instruct the School Committee to employ a Music Teacher and have music taught in the Public Schools of this Town.
ART. 14. To see if the Town will discontinue and withdraw from its union with the towns of Bedford, Billerica, Burlington, Carlisle, and Wilmington, for the purpose of the employment of a Superintendent of Schools under the provision of Chapter 431 of the
8
Acts of 1888, and rescind the vote by which it united with said towns for said purpose; and will vote to unite with the towns of Bedford, Billerica and Bur- lington, for the same purpose, namely : the employ- ment of a Superintendent of Schools under the provi- sion of Chapter 431 of the Acts of 1888 and subsequent amendments thereto, or do anything in relation to the same.
ART. 15. To see if the Town will open and con- struct a road continuous with the road now terminat- ing at Spencer's corner, extending the same to the road near the house of Mr. Briggs, and discontinue the present road from the East School-house towards Lin- coln Centre, to the junction with the road running by the Foster place, so called.
ART. 16. To see if the Town will make an appro- priation for enlarging the Centre School-house, and also for the purchase of land in the rear of the build- ing for a play ground.
ART. 17. To see if the Town will direct the Com- missioners of the Sinking Fund to collect and pay to the Town Treasurer all money due the Town, on account of said Fund, before December 1, 1894.
ART. 18. To see if the Town will raise by taxation and appropriate money to pay for the Town Water Bonds or any part of them when due (Dec. 1, 1894) ; or will authorize the Treasurer or any other persons to print, sign, issue, and sell new bonds or notes to pay any part of said bonds and to provide for further extension of the water works, and if so what date, time and interest said notes or bonds shall bear.
ART. 19. To see if the town will vote to extend the water-pipes from Farnsworth's Corner to John
9
Tasker's, and from the main line to the new house of George Flint on the East road, and pay for the same with money in the Treasury, or in bonds to be issued by the town.
ART. 20. To see if the Town will direct the Water Commissioners to pay to the Town Treasurer money sufficient to pay the interest before the same becomes due on any new bonds or notes issued, also to take any other action the Town may think necessary in regard to the maintainance, care, improvement, extension, re- newals of, or anything else in regard to the water works.
ART. 21. To see if for the purpose of preserving the purity of its water supply, the Town will take all that piece of land lying nearly west of the pumping station and adjoining land owned by the Town and between the public highway and the pond and running alongside the pond as far as the curve in the public road beyond the boathouse, and containing by estima- tion one-half acre more or less.
And you are directed to serve this Warrant by post- ing an attested copy thereof, at the Town House, at each of the Post Offices and in the vestibule of the Meeting House of the First Parish, eight days, at least, before the time of the meeting, and making seasona- ble return thereof, with your doings thereon, to the Town Clerk. Hereof fail not.
Dated at Lincoln, this thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-four.
SAMUEL HARTWELL, Selectmen JOHN F. FARRAR, of
ARTHUR W. KIDDER, Lincoln.
SELECTMEN'S REPORT.
A statement of the receipts and expenditures of the Town of Lincoln for the year ending Feb. 1, 1894, is herewith submitted to the town. A comparison of which with the expenditures of ten years ago, will show, not only the largely increased cost of items contained in the accounts of both years, but also the increased number of causes of expenditure in the present, as compared with the former year. A recapitulation of expenses of the two years in question will be found later on in this report.
The question is sometimes asked, " Where the money of the town goes to?" The answer is very readily given when we consider that the town votes in public meeting to purchase certain articles, and to carry certain measures into effect which cost large sums of money, for which they make no appropriation whatever, and again, when heads of departments expend money far in excess of the appropriation made by the town for that purpose.
SCHOOLS.
The problem of schools is presenting unusual interest at this time. A radical change is being made which in the near future will call for large expenditures in the matter of school accommo- dation. We refer to the transportation of children from all parts of the town to the Centre Schools, where the accommodations are insufficient. The rooms are crowded to excess, and the number of cubic feet of space allotted to each scholar is probably below the law limit. The salaries of teachers are increased. The cost of transportation of children is large, and our school-houses in the outparts of the town are rendered almost valueless ; and when in addition to the above, the town takes the risk of acci- dent, and of the health of the children from cold and exposure in transportation, the question arises, Is it a wise step for this town to take?
HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES.
The liberal appropriation of money made by the town for this department has been expended under the direction of Mr. Daniel H. Sherman, who it is expected will present to the town his
11
report of expenditures in detail. The fact that the Government makes nine hours a legal day for all public work instead of ten hours as formerly, is one great reason why a smaller appropria- tion for this department will be insufficient to keep our highways in good repair.
GUIDEBOARDS.
Several new guideboards have been purchased and erected, where needed, the past year, and others are believed to be in good condition.
LAW SUIT.
The suit of Hampton v. Town of Lincoln, for injuries said to have been caused by an alleged defect in the highway, on Sept. 5, 1891, was tried in the Superior Civil Court at East Cambridge, before Judge Dunbar, on January 24, 25 and 26, and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of seven hundred and fifty ($750) dollars.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
This department is new for this town,-as by vote of the town at the annual meeting in March, 1893.
Fifteen hundred (1,500) feet of hose, two hose carriages and fixtures. were purchased at a cost of little less than one thousand ($1,000) dollars. One carriage and seven hundred and fifty (750) feet of hose was located in the basement of the Centre school-house, and a like amount in the stable of Cook Brothers, near the station at South Lincoln. The Selectmen appointed a company of twenty men for each carriage, and it is expected that the officers of said companies will report their organization. One carriage was called into action at the fire when the barn occupied by Mr. Dutcher was burned, and did good service in saving the house.
STREET LAMPS.
According to the instructions of the town, lamps and appur- tenances therefor were brought and placed in position at the centre of the town, and as a general thing the street has been lighted each night from the iron water-trough to the Town House. As far as we know they have given general satisfaction. The expense in detail will be given in another place.
12
VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS.
Improvements have been confined mostly to sidewalks on either side of the street near the Town House. It was noticed that the people leaving the Town House on lecture evenings were obliged to walk in the street and were in danger of being injured by teams which used the same place. By making sidewalks on either side of the street, for people on foot, left the street clear for use of teams, and is a decided benefit, and is appreciated by all.
TEMPORARY LOANS.
The practice in recent years of paying for certain expenditures from money in the Treasury has so reduced the available funds of the town as to render it necessary the last two years, to borrow six thousand ($6,000) dollars each year to meet the current expenses of the town until such a time as the taxes of the then current year became due. At which time six thousand dollars of the money appropriated for other purposes have to go to pay the temporary loans, and the town is thereby placed in debt to that amount. The benefits of such financiering are not sufficient in our judgment to warrant the practice.
TOWN DEBTS.
The bonds of the Town of Lincoln to the amount of thirty thousand ($30,000) dollars issued Dec. 1, 1874, for twenty years, mature Dec. 1, 1894. A Sinking Fund has been created by the town amounting to something less than one-third of the amount of bonds. It will be necessary to provide for the balance in some way at maturity of bonds.
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