USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Duxbury > Town annual report for the town of Duxbury for the year ending 1890-1899 > Part 5
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Chose, Herbert E. Walker, School Committee for three years.
Chose, Daniel D. Devereux and Elbridge H. Chandler, Auditors.
Chose, Robert T. Randall, Road Commissioner for three years.
Chose, Samuel P. Soule, Joshua W. Swift and Henry H. Lewis, as Board of Health.
Chose, Harrison G. Weston, Surveyor of Lumber.
38
Chose, Elbridge H. Chandler, Sealer of Wood.
Chose, The Road Commissioners as Fence Viewers and Field Drivers.
Voted, That the Selectmen appoint Pound Keeper, Fire Wards and Sealer of Weights and Measures.
Voted, That the report of the Town officers be accepted.
Voted, Not to grant licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors for the ensuing year-No, 67; Yes, 65.
Voted, To appropriate :
Support of schools $3,000 00
Support of poor 3,000 00
Repairs of highways 3,300 00
Railroad loan 2,000 00
Railroad interest 2,000 00
Aid to indigent sailors and soldiers 350 00
School incidentals 500 00
Repairs of school-houses 200 00
Repairs of public buildings
150 00
Removing snow
200 00
Public library
200 00
Memorial Day
50 00
Incidental expenses, bank and corporation taxes.
Voted, That the list of Jurors as revised by the Selectmen be accepted, with the exception of George Simmons, who declined serving.
Voted, That the Treasurer be authorized to hire money in anticipation of taxes.
Voted, To accept the Act of the present Legislature per- mitting the Town to refund the railroad debt.
Voted, That Article 10, relating to establishing a mini- mum sum as bequests for the care of individual lot in the cemetery, be referred to the Selectmen.
39
Voted, That the sum of $200 be appropriated to be used with the Unitarian Society, appropriation of a like sum to build sheds for the accommodation of horses.
Voted, That three persons be chosen as Committee on the part of the Town, to carry out this appropriation.
Chose, Wendell Phillips, Frederick B. Knapp and J. Dex- ter Randall to serve on this Committee.
Voted, To accept the road and running and the recom- mendation of the Selectmen in regard to the road on Dux- bury [Beach, and that the sum of $500 be appropriated therefor.
Voted, That the Road Commissioners be authorized and directed to put the road in front of Ford's store in proper repairs for public travel.
Voted, That the Road Commissioners be authorized and directed to put the bridge and road near William E. Wes- ton's in proper repair for public travel.
Voted, that $225 be appropriated for the employment of a Superintendent of Schools under the existing arrange- ment.
Resolved, That it is a sense and feeling of the citizens of the Town of Duxbury, that a change in the Superintendent of Schools is desirable.
Voted, That warrants for Town meetings shall be posted at Temperance Hall and all the railroad stations and post offices in Town.
Voted, That the expense of building a fire-proof vault in the Librery Building, and of the new road leading from Elm Street, be taken out of the appropriation for incidental expenses.
Voted, That the thanks of the meeting be extended to Mr. Sears for his efficient services as Moderator.
Voted, To Adjourn.
GEORGE H. STEARNS, Town Clerk.
40
At the meeting held March 28th, 1891, chose Edward H. Sears, Moderator.
Voted, unanimously, That the Treasurer, with the ap- proval of the Selectmen, be, and is hereby authorized to borrow the sum of $45,000, payable $2,000 each year for ten years and $25,000 in fifteen years, the money to be received to be applied to refunding its railroad debt according to provision of an act passed February 19th, 1891.
Voted, To adjourn.
GEORGE H. STEARNS, Town Clerk.
-
At the meeting held August 5th, 1891, chose, Edmund H. Sears, Moderator.
Voted, To accept the laying out, and order to be built, the highway over " Winsor Lane," so-called, and that the Selectmen be authorized to raise the money to build said highway.
Voted, That Article 3, relative to an examination, re-writ- ing and otherwise amending the Record of Births and Deaths, be laid upon the table.
Voted, That Article 4, which reads "to see if the Town will authorize an attested copy of the early Town, church and other records and print therefrom five hundred copies for use and for sale, authority being given to the Treasurer to pay for the same from any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated," be adopted and the matter be left in the hands of the Selectmen to employ whom they see fit and use their judgment as to what is to be published, with the amendment that three hundred copies be printed in- stead of five hundred.
Voted, To adjourn.
GEORGE H. STEARNS, Town Clerk.
41
MARRIAGES REGISTERED IN DUXBURY DURING THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1891.
Jan. 1. In Kingston, George W. Hastings of Duxbury and Sarah E. Sampson of Kingston ; by Rev. C. Y. De Normandie.
Jan. 22. In Kingston, Everett S. Merry of Duxbury and Flora J. Chandler of Kingston ; by Rev. C. Y. De Normandie.
Feb. 19. In Duxbury, Frank L. Chandler and Ida M. Fernald, both of Duxbury ; by Rev. Francis D. Sargent.
Mch. 27. In Boston, George M. Peterson of Duxbury and Jeanette Crossman of Boston ; by Rev. R. L. Greene.
Mch. 28. In Duxbury, Ebenezer W. Robbins, Jr. of Han- son and Louisa F. Josselyn of Duxbury ; by Rev. C. D. Harp.
April 19. In Marshfield, Lewis Ewell of Duxbury and Nellie M. Joyce of Pembroke; by John Baker, Esq., Justice of the Peace.
July 5. In Marshfield, Gustavus T. Tolman of Norwell and Annie G. Tucker of Duxbury; by Rev. Isaac R. Prior.
July 8. In Duxbury, Lemuel W. Titus of St. John, N. B., and Martha C. Alden of Duxbury ; by Rev. William H. Branigan.
1
42
July 30. In Duxbury, Elisha A. Cudworth of Lakeville and Delia Briggs of Duxbury ; by Rev. Wm. H. Branigan.
Sept. 10. In Duxbury, Charles N. B. Wheeler and Etta E. Bartlett, both of Duxbury ; by Rev. Eugene J. V .. Huiginn.
Sept. 11. In Kingston, Joseph P. Keef and Alice T. Win- sor, both of Duxbury ; by Rev. C. Y. De Normandie.
Nov. 8. In Dorchester, Frank Alden of Everett and Lucie E. Hunt of Duxbury ; by Rev. Alfred Emer- son.
Nov. 15. In Abington, Oscar H. Johnson of South Hanson and Abby M. Belknap of Duxbury ; by Rev. B. F. Bowles.
Nov. 26. In Kingston, George W. Corbett and Ruth E. Bates, both of Duxbury ; by Rev. J. Mervin Hall.
Dec. 30. In Kingston, Roscoe E. Berry of Kingston and Alma W. Peterson of Duxbury ; by Rev. J. Mervin Hall.
1
BIRTHS REGISTERED IN DUXBURY DURING THE YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 1891.
DATE.
NAME.
PARENTS.
MAIDEN NAME OF MOTHER.
February 25,
Diotte,
Anthony and Eliza,
March
19,
Clara Herbert Glover,
John H. and Nancy C., George S. and Mary W.,
Peterson. Chandler.
April
7,
Lowe,
April
9,
- Huigley,
D. C. and Catherine, William S. and Effie M.,
April
27,
Jennie May Park,
May
3,
Harold Kelton Delano,
Otis and Lizzie T., Henry F. and Harriet T.,
May
14,
Harold Winsor Peterson,
William O. and Mary T., Thomas and Maty A.,
Hatch. McKay.
May
20, 9,
Edith May Fillmore,
Henry C. and Edith A., Lucius A. and Elizabeth P.,
Hunt. Soule.
June
13,
Peterson,
Peterson.
July
13,
Ruth Beale Phillips,
John S. and Jennie B., George W. and Margie W.,
Brewster.
July 29,
Elton Percy Lane,
Everett and Flora J.,
August 10,
Gladys Evelyn Merry,
Warren C. and Margaret,
August 26,
Prince,
Hugh R. and Maggie L.,
August 28,
Sarah Winifred Edgar,
Howard M. and Mabel W.,
September 8,
Kendall Blanchard,
Beaman.
September 29,
Cassius Henry Hunt,
Joseph M. and Nellie A.,
Clark.
October 11,
Clara Amelia Freeman,
Horace L. and Emma L.,
Peterson.
October 14,
Linwood Allen Belknap,
Orrin W. and Mary E.,
November 1,
Alfred Sanford Churchill,
Horace W. and Sarah E.,
December 6,
Randall,
Herman H. and Helen,
December 19,
Delano,
Henry A. and Helen E.,
December
19,
Ruth Briggs,
Theodore A. and Mary A.,
December
19,
Anise Mulrey Stegmaier,
George M. and Jeanette,
December
27,
Marion Crossman Peterson,
December
27,
Robert Engene Bresnahan,
Hugh and Ellen T.,
December
29,
Darius Delano Reynolds,
Harvey J. and Cora E.,
McNaught. Randall. Osbourne. Cushman. O'Brien. Crossman. Caton.
Delano.
43
June
11,
Guy Otis Chandler,
Albert B. and Martha A.,
Robinson.
June
Marion T. White,
Beckwith. Osborne. Litchfield.
May
10,
Catherine Mary Redmond,
Chandler. Brooks. Keefe. Fowle.
Fred N. and Sadie B.,
DEATHS REGISTERED OF THOSE HAVING DIED IN DUXBURY DURING THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1891.
AGE.
DATE.
NAME.
Years
Months.
Days.
77
5
-
Feb. 27,
Nephritis,
Mar. 15,
Augusta C. Sherman (Baker),
73
6
7
Apoplexy,
Elijah and Betsey. Simon and Mary. James L and Lemira B.
44
17,
Rosamond Avery, (Spaulding),
82
3
17
Apoploxy and Chronic Bronchitis,
66
21,
Fanny Allin Cushing (Lyon),
56
1
7
Pleuritic Affusion and Heart Failure,
27,
Lucy A. Briggs,
21
8
21
Phthisis,
May
5,
James F. Delano,
83
6
26
Angina Pectoris,
93
-
-
Old Age,
82
10
6
Old Age,
71
8
18
Influenza,
91
2
9
Old Age,
June
1,
Nancy B. Bartlett (Bradford),
66
8
Hematuria,
William G. Train,
George M. and Sylvia C.
E. Elliot Winslow,
13
11
2
Disease of Heart,
10,
Frank and Caroline.
66
12,
George H. Peterson,
27
1
1
Epilepsy,
Lucius A. and Elizabeth P.
- Still Birth,
-
13,
Peterson,
Samuel P. and Clarissa H. Philip and Mary. Laurence and Mary.
Mary Hurley (Donovan),
Reuben and Temperance.
21,
Henry Drew,
24,
Melzar Hunt,
Esias and Lydia. Joseph and Ruth.
Influenza and Heart Failure,
Marcia Peterson,
Lucy Thayer (Hobart),
68
-
April 13,
NAME OF PARENTS.
DISEASE.
John and Betsey. Zadoc and Lucy. Samuel and Hannah P.
5,
12.
June 28, Saba E. Cushman (Ripley), Lot Swift,
87
10
-
Senile Gangrene,
7
July 27,
31, Elizabeth B. Soule (Brooks),
77
10
-
-
75
8
26
General Asthemia,
Aug.
15, 21,
Richard B. Chandler,
84
11
24 Paralysis,
66
28,
Jonathan Oldham,
68
3
15 Cystitis,
Connor B. Swasey,
62
3
Cancer,
Sept. 3, 3,
Martha Chandler (Chandler),
81
5
Consumption,
30,
Sophia Winsor,
94
9
Old Age,
Frank R. Sherman,
26
5
11
Phthisis,
Oct.
3, 5,
Betsey Peterson,
90 65
5
27
Uraemia,
66
23,
Sophia L. Peterson (Bosworth),
70
6
13
Cancer of Stomach,
Jedediah and Elizabeth.
27,
Sylvia Southworth,
71
7
7
Heart Failure,
66
28,
Edward R. Rich,
81
3
27
Paralysis,
31,
Judith White (Ransom),
81
7
-
Bright's Disease,
Nov.
17,
Rebecca Delano (Chandler),
80
6
27
Old Age,
22,
Abigail Chandler (Phillips),
82
-
Old Age,
28,
Mary L. Freeman (Hunt),
83
1
14
Rodent Carcinoma,
Ziba and Sylvia.
Dec.
17,
Bartlett Bradford,
82
6
Influenza,
Cyrus and Ruth.
66
21,
Henry P. Alden,
76
1
18
Influenza,
John and Mary.
Greshom and Judith.
27,
Clara C. Bradford (Cobb),
92
5
-
Old Age,
Daniel and Jane. Lot and Mercy. Seth and Deborah. Jonathan and Ruth. Stephen and Mary. Joseph and Grace. David N. and Hannah. Jesse and Abigail. James and Sally. Luther W. and Mary E.
45
5,
Frances H. Josselyn (Cushman),
Joseph and Rebecca.
Timothy and Fannie.
Elijah and Huldahı. Samuel and Nancy. Luther and Lydia.
Nathaniel and Sarah.
18,
Dorcas Bradford (Brewster),
90
10
Influenza,
66
Joseph P. Sprague,
Carcinoma of Stomach, Disease of Heart,
76
7
-
Old Age,
William and Deborah. John and Deborah.
DEATHS REGISTERED OF THOSE WHO DIED OUT OF TOWN AND WERE BROUGHT TO DUXBURY FOR INTERMENT DURING THE YEAR.
AGE.
DATE OF DEATH.
NAME.
PLACE OF DEATH.
Years.
Months.
Days.
Jan. 24,
Lydia Cushman (Guild),
East Boston,
68
6
16
Pneumonia,
29,
Olive M. Delano,
Marshfield,
95
4
Old Age,
[rhœa,
Feb.
5,
Carl L. Smith,
Somerville,
7
10
Callequative Diar-
Frank and Emma.
19,
Charles H. Mann,
Boston,
58
5
29
Congestion of Brain,
John & Catherine.
March 21,
Thankful Gulliford (Small),
East Boston,
66
6
-
66
23,
Moses H. Libby,
South Boston,
59
4
-
Peritonitis,
25,
Ellen WinsorWeston(Winsor),
Paris, France,
92
-
-
James and Sally.
April
4,
Hannah Sampson (Weston),
Boston,
68
-
-
Cancer,
John and Hannah.
John and Polly B.
23, | Mary J. Mckenzie,
Plymouth,
69
3
16
DISEASE.
NAME OF PARENTS.
Ira and Priscilla, Samuel and Lucy.
46
-
-
-
General Debility,
April 25, May 10, June 12, . 66 19, July 15, 31,
Joseph P. Bosworth,
Ruth W. Keene (Humphrey),
Susan Winsor,
Sylvia C. Owen (Sampson),
Kingston,
86
7
29
Bronchitis,
Somerville,
3
1
Cambridge,
1
4
Brockton,
-
4
-
66
Harold J. Bears,
South Boston,
1
1
1
Dysentery,
Somerville,
29
10
2
Phthisis Pulmonaris,
Dorchester,
16
9
17
Tubercul'r Meningitis,
Nov. 3,
Christiana P. Faunce (Prior),
Brookline,
76
-
-
General Paralysis,
Dec. 18,
Josephus D. Tanner,
Haverhill, Mass.,
11
1
23
Drowning,
66
24,
Mary E. Brown (Schauman),
Boston,
48
-
--
Bronchitis,
25,
Judith Duparr (Hunt),
St. Augustine, Fla.,
72
8
1887.
April 9, Aug. 5,
Wallace A. Sherman,
Hanover,
26
11
-
Consumption,
Plymouth,
31
8
17
Childbirth,
Jos. P. & Rebecca.
George and Nancy.
John and Nancy. [Sylvia C. Sylvanus and [Annie W. William F. and [Leona. Charles H. and J.
William and Cora. [Dina H. Albert E. and
Henry & Lucetta. 47
[Julia B. Henry A. and [Christiana. Sylvanus and [Eunice F. Henry C. and
Seth and Huldah.
[Mary E. Luther W. and [Esther C. Gustavus D. and
Esther C. Holmes (Sampson),
Pembroke,
61
-
-
Consumption,
North Plympton, Scituate,
77
8
27
Acute Yellow Strophy, Old Age,
93
11
4
- Hydrochapalus, 8 Meningitis,
Aug. 28,
LeForest Randall,
29, Sept. 24, Oct. 13,
Edward L. Delano,
Frank B. Prior,
Ray Weston Munday, Alton Winsor Thomas,
48
SUMMARY.
Number of births 29
Males 13
Females 16
Number of marriages . 15
Number of deaths in Town 38
Males' 16
Females . 22
Number of deaths of persons over 80 years of age. 18
Number of deaths of persons under 20 years of age . . . 1 Number of deaths of persons between 20 and 60 years of age. . 3
There were living in Duxbury on the first day of January, 1892, 83 persons over 80 years of age, 44 men and 39 women. Six of these were over 90 and one was over 100 years of age.
We think this a pretty good showing for a Town of 1,900 inhabitants.
Number of dogs licensed in 1891 165
Males 149
Females 16
Paid to County Treasurer, $345.00.
GEORGE H. STEARNS, Town Clerk DUXBURY, February 1st, 1892.
ANNUAL REPORT
THE -
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
-AND-
Superintendent of Schools
-OF THE- -
TOWN OF DUXBURY
-FOR-
1891-2.
PLYMOUTH : AVERY & DOTEN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS. 1892.
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
To the Citizens of the Town of Duxbury :
The School Committee respectfully submit the following report for the year 1891-2 :
Since the expenses of the schools are given in the report of the Selectmen and the details concerning the work of the schools are given in the report of the Superintendent to the Committee, a report from the School Committee is almost superfluous.
The union of the Town with the Towns of Scituate and Marshfield for the employment of a Superintendent of Schools, under the provisions of the law of 1888, has been continued with no change of Superintendent or the organiz- ation of the joint commtiee and the arrangements previously made. The Committe are confident that the present ar- rangement is a decided improvement, and recommend the continuance of it.
As there seems to be a misunderstanding of the particular duties of the Superintendent and Committee, a brief state- ment of the work of each may be in order. A Superinten- of the Schools works as an agent of the Committee, his chief work being the direction of the instruction given in the schools and recommending such changes in the text- books, teachers, etc., as he may judge the interest of the schools demand. But all financial matters, the election of teachers, the length of school terms, etc., are acted upon by the Committee as the laws require.
4
It has been the policy of your Committee to leave the Superintendent free to spend as much of his time in the schools as possible, and the Committee feel that during the year past much has been done to improve our schools.
At a Special Town Meeting on November 6, 1888, truant by-laws were adopted by the Town, in which the Truant School at Becket was mentioned as the place for the con- finement and discipline of our truants, an arrangement to that effect having been made with the County Commission- ers of Berkshire County. We have been notified recently that the Truant School at Walpole was for the benefit of Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth counties, and we recommend the amendment of the present by-laws by the substitution of Walpole in place of Becket.
In the report of the Superintendent will be found a com- munication from the President of the Trustees of Partridge Academy with reference to the examination for admis- sion and a recommendation from the Superintendent. For some years the number of pupils who have pre- sented themselves for examination for admission to the Academy has been very large, and, in many cases the applicants were pupils whom the teachers in the lower schools did not recommend to take the examination. The Trustees and the Committee felt that there should be some rule which would limit the number of applicants to those who had a reasonable hope of passing a satisfactory exam- ination. Accordingly the Committee voted that certificates would be given by them to all those pupils in the respective schools whose standing justified their taking the examina- tion. Let it be distinctly understood, however, that it is not the wish of Trustees, or Committee, to deprive any pupil of an opportunity to take the examination if he is prepared to take it.
5
In closing, the Committee recommended the following appropriations for the ensuing year :
Support of schools.
$3,000 00
School incidentals.
500 00
Repairs . 250 00
Salary of Superintendent. 225 00
EMMA S. STETSON, HERBERT E. WALKER, HENRY BARSTOW.
6
ABSTRACT FROM SCHOOL REGISTERS, 1891-2.
SCHOOLS.
Number Enrolled.
No. Under 5 years
of Age.
Number between 8
and 14 years of age.
Number over 15
years of age.
Av. Membership.
Av. Attendance ..
Partridge Academy . .
60
0
18
39
55
49
Village
50
0
26
2
35
33
Nook
38
0
24
0
30
26
Island Creek
35
0
24
3
28
26
Tarkiln
32
0
21
0
23
20
Ashdod.
31
0
22
0
17
15
Crooked Lane
21
1
15
0
18
15
Mill Brook
46
0
36
0
40
34
Point.
30
0
20
0
24
20
High Street
11
0
7
0
9
7
354
1
213
44
279
246
7
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
TO THE COMMITTEES OF SCITUATE, MARSHFIELD AND DUXBURY :
I have the honor to submit, for your consideration, my third annual report.
While these reports are addressed directly to the School Com- mittees, from whom the Superintendent derives whatever authority he possesses and to whom he is responsible for his official acts, they may be properly regarded as means of acquainting the citizens more fully with affairs relating to the schools, than the brief report of the Committee attempts to do.
Writing with this conception of the object of my report I shall discuss some topics with which the Committee are entirely familiar, but, concerning which, the people justly deserve to be informed. It is, therefore, my earnest desire that the report be carefully read and considered.
A wise administration of the affairs of any business depends not upon the exigencies of the moment so much as upon the ex- periences of the past and the needs of the future. The province of the schools is to prepare the children of the present to take their places with credit as the men and women of the future. Our environments are constantly changing. We are living in an age of progress unexampled in the World's history. The mental and social requirements necessary for each individual, that he may be enabled to attain and keep a satisfactory position, are constantly broadening.
8
Knowledge, the acquisition of which, but a short time ago, was regarded as an accomplishment, or at most, as belonging only to an advanced course, is, from our present conditions of life, de- manded as a necessity. A marked illustration of this is seen in the study of drawing. No Committee, who really wishes to pro- vide the best instruction in its schools, will think of omitting this branch. A large number of towns of our State provide special instructors. The State also employs a special agent for this purpose. A school which give no instruction in drawing to its pupils is out of date and needs to be re-organized. The intro- duction of science lessons is another instance of this kind. It is very essential that every child should know something of the forces in nature and their usefulness to man.
Again, studies, which were considered all important and of the highest value, have been subjected to a weeding process and their value placed at a lower estimate. The rule of three, allegation and true discount do not enter into the study of arithmetic as they once did, and, whereas, formerly about one-half of the time was spent on this study, one-fourth at the most is now considered sufficient.
Still other branches have become broadened in their scope. Progress has, as it were, brought the whole world to our door. Peoples who were once so distant as to be thought of but little importance are now among our nearest neighbors and must be more extensively studied. This calls for a much broader study of geography and history than formerly.
Other facts might be adduced as evidence that the character and amount of work required of the schools has changed and is constantly changing.
Modern methods of farming, the multiplicity of inventions, new machinery, and the close competition of the crowded centres of trade are factors in this change.
The shoemaker, the machinist, the watchmaker, who has learned to work skilfully in a particular branch of his trade, finds himself
9
deprived of his living by the invention of a new machine. He must either sink back into the ranks of unskilled labor or learn some other trade.
This places upon the schools a new problem to solve. Its solution is being attempted by the introduction of manual training. By this means the eye and hand, as well as the mind, are trained and a person not only becomes more skilful in his present occupa- tion, but, should necessity require it, he can acquire another trade much more readily.
Much of what has been said is familiar to many. It is well, however, to recall these facts and to give them their proper ap- plication.
In applying these conditions to our schools and arranging the work, so that it shall fulfil most effectually the present require- ments and prepare for future development, it is necessary to observe certain conditions. These are: 1. That instruction should begin and continue upon right principles. 2. That studies should be introduced into the course at such times as children are prepared to receive them. 3. That proper methods are used, 4. That each study should receive the attention which its relative value demands.
1. (a) ALL EDUCATION SHOULD BE SELF-EDUCATION. The child should be taught to acquire knowledge for himself by ob- servation and thought. Knowledge worth possessing is gained only at the cost of effort. The child who is too indolent to learn cannot be taught. No child should be encouraged to neglect a study because he does not like it. It is the teacher's province to educate, draw out, the powers and to direct. It is not her duty nor is it right for her to mentally carry any child.
(b) Right principles of instruction involve the training of the hand, eye and ear as well as the mind. Knowledge, power and skill are essential results of any education. Some studies are valuable for the practical information which they furnish the pupil. These and others are valuable for the power which they develop
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in the mind to acquire knowledge and express thought as well as skill in remembering and using information obtained. Power and skill are as important as knowledge. Without power and skill, knowledge would be of no value, since it could not be retained or used. It is these two results of any system which give avail- ability to the other. Hence arises the necessity of courses of study based upon right principles, and which shall be broad in scope and progressive in method.
Therefore (2), studies should be introduced at such times in the course as children are prepared to receive them. In the first years of school life, when the habits of observation and thought are being developed, few studies should be taken. Progress should be slow. Children should not be hurried or urged. The brain is as incapable of bearing a heavy load at this age as is the body. Parents are often impatient at what they consider the child's slow progress. We often hear the complaint that children do not learn anything the first year or two of school life. Very often a child is pushed beyond its capacity, during these years, and for a time makes remarkable progress. There usually comes a reaction, and then the parents wonder why the child does not learn as rapidly as formerly. The old maxim, "Make haste slowly," applies during these years. Throughout the primary grades this rule should be observed.
Coming to the grammar grades progress is more rapid. More studies are taken. Knowledge is acquired with greater facility, and, when right methods are employed, power and skill are cor- respondingly increased. The same holds true throughout the High School.
3. Proper methods of teaching any subject are such as lead the child to acquire information in a way which will best develop his power and skill of mind, hand and eye. Learning the pages of history word for word may enable the child to acquire a knowledge of facts to a certain extent. It does not give him the power or skill to use these facts to the best advantage. There has been
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