USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Saugus > Town annual report of the officers and committees of the town of Scituate 1876-1884 > Part 18
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The delusion still lingers in the minds of many persons, that any man or woman is qualified to teach Primary, and even a Grammar School, who has a
6
studied "reading, writing, and arithmetic," and "has good government." This is a serious error. We must study more than these branches of learning before we can know, or teach, even these.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS REQUIRE THE BEST TEACHERS.
In one of the able reports of Samuel Eliot, Superin- tendent of Boston Public Schools, the Primary Schools are happily termed "the springs, which, as they flow onward, give color and character to the whole current of education." The application of the apt figure is the enforcement of the fact, that if the sources are excel- lent in every virtue, the fountains and streams which flow from them will probably continue to be pure and good. This evident fact, of itself, makes it apparent to any `thoughtful mind, that the charge of a Primary School is a most serious and responsible one, and its work is not to be entered upon lightly, or slighted, or slovenly done, because the pupils are incapable of estimating the faithfulness with which it is performed.
In many of our best Common Schools, East and West, the same grade of certificate of scholarship, we are informed, is required of the teachers of our Primary Schools that is required of the teachers of the Gram- mar Schools. And for the very good reason that increased knowledge and experience have convinced enlightened educators everywhere, that there is not less knowledge and education required of the one
7
than the other. Or, if there is, it is she to whom is assigned the difficult task of laying the foundations upon whose breadth and solidity rest the stability and excellence of the entire mental structure, that needs the most.
OUR SCITUATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
The Committee feel justified in expressing our belief that our Scituate schools, as a whole, are, to some good degree, beginning to feel the improving spirit caused by the improvement of the general financial condition of the country, which has doubt- less tended to revive and increase interest, and renew progress in the cause of Common School education, as well as in other departments of learning and industry.
Notwithstanding some local drawbacks, all the schools, in fact, are advancing, to a greater or less degree, in order and discipline as well as in capacity on the part of the instructors to teach, and in the desire and willingness on the part of the pupils to learn and make creditable progress in scholarship.
The Primary Schools, we think, are now supplied with teachers who have won the love of their scholars and some of whom have happily succeeded in not only exciting in their tender hearts a love for learning, but an admirable enthusiasm for any exercise or drill required by the teacher that is absolutely refreshing to a looker on,
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During the last term there has been no difficulty, on the part of the teachers, in maintaining proper dis- cipline without appeal, to members of the Committee.
If the same teachers contine to have charge of the same schools for another year, we look confidently for still more satisfactory results. For the experience of the past has proved, without question, that increased experience gives to the same teacher greater ability and facility of teaching successfully, and to the same scholar increased capacity to learn easily and rapidly.
Mr. Eliot, in the weighty and suggestive report from which we have quoted above, among many other requisites desirable, mentions "Sweetness of voice as an excellence too often absent from our Primary Schools." The very qualities needful for great suc- cess, eagerness and enthusiasm to teach and to learn, are often made the instruments or channel of noise and confusion. These qualities are, of course, in them- selves desirable, but we think need to be restrained, if they dominate to such a degree as to lead either teacher or scholars forgetfully to indulge in harsh tones and loud, unpleasant voices.
Elegance of manner and softness of speech are inseparably associated in our minds with refined and gentle emotions. They are beautiful and admirable in full grown man, and natural to most children, or, at least, readily acquired.
We have heard exercises in spelling in schools whose harsh, shrill, and grating tones still recall the
9
unpleasant sensations which, at the time, they created in our minds. Better, we think, to banish oral spell- ing, or any other exercise tempting us to forget how loud and disagreeable the noise we make, than that these exercises, however important, should be per- mitted to drive out from our schools and our homes melodious, childlike utterance, and the gentle and refined thoughts and emotions with which they are so inseparably connected.
THE WORK-THE NUMBER OF HOURS-THE SALARY.
In the Primary Schools there is, perhaps, more exhausting work required of a teacher than in the more advanced schools. And, moreover, work with less of pauses, or moments of rest for the teacher, from the fact that the children being less capable of employ- ing or directing themselves at any set task, are the more wholly dependent upon her for amusement and management as well as instruction.
Some parents complain of teachers not keeping " the hours," and zealously note and report any short- coming in this particular, as if "keeping the hours" were the one thing needful. Even five hours a day, if earnestly and actively employed, not only in hear- ing recitations, but also in oral teaching and in the various exercises adopted by progressive and self reliant teachers is very exhausting, and in the opinion of the Committee, in time, will be found "as much as flesh
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. and blood can bear," and as many hours as the chil- dren can be employed profitably and without injury to body or mind.
Moreover, the average attendance this year, not- withstanding the prevalence of the measles in the community, is an advancement upon last year, and is likely to grow to an extent that will make it necessary to limit the number of pupils to each teacher. Even at present the number of pupils is, at times, too large for any one person to manage and teach, and the mag- . nitude and laboriousness of the work stands in almost ridiculous contrast to the meagreness of the salaries of our Primary School teachers.
The Committee respectfully suggest to the Town, and to their successors on the Board, the propriety of increasing the salaries of the Primary teachers, if it be possible.
Mr. Eliot, in his report of last year, tells us of a substitute suggested by some one, as a compensatory reward to poorly paid teachers, viz. : the consideration that "Teaching is an excellent preparation for the kingdom of heaven."
But if this be a fact, which we doubt, still "an entrance into the kingdom of heaven " does not, while we are "in the flesh," lessen the bodily wants to be supplied.
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
As we have already intimated, a Grammar School is of necessity greatly dependent, for the grade of its
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scholarship and the thoroughness of its work, upon the completeness of the preparation in the Primary Schools.
A teacher, however efficient and enterprising, is not free to shape her school to suit herself, or to make . the standard of scholarship what she would wish it to be. Her scholars, she finds, possessed with more or less habits of study, more or less capacity to learn, and sometimes so deplorably unfitted for taking hold of the work to be performed, that considerable time is lost in preparing the pupil for the regular work of the Grammar School.
If our Grammar Schools are to be such in fact, as well as in name, it is of great importance that we should, with the greatest possible infrequency, send children thither from the Primary Schools who are not prepared to do the work required in a Grammar School, and thus impose an extra load of preparatory work upon the Grammar School teacher, who has already regular work to do, - enough, it would seem, to fill the heart and hand of any human being !
To promote a pupil to the Grammar School who is poorly prepared to enter upon its work, is not really an act of kindness. It sooner or later, brings to the unfortunate favored one, punishment instead of reward. Of course, a strict adherenceto this rule will, occasionally, cause grumbling and complaint from parents who are desirous of having their children advanced, whether prepared or not. Never-
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theless, it is the only way in which we can reason- ably expect to maintain a Grammar School in any- thing but in name.
SCITUATE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
Our two Grammar Schools are at present in a pros- perous condition.
The West Grammar School is now under the charge of Miss S. R. Damon, a graduate of the Normal School, and who for a year or more previous to her promotion had successfully taught the "Egypt" Primary School.
The Committee, without application on her part, appointed Miss Damon to this school, which appointment she accepted, and thus far they have no reason to regret their choice, but rather to congratulate, her and the patrons of the school, upon the success of the experiment.
The East Grammar School is now under the charge of Mrs. J. A. Neely, who succeeded Mr. - Charles Young at the opening of the second term of the past Academical year. Mrs. Neely, in this new field, as formerly in the West Grammar School, has proven herself to be an effi- cient, self reliant teacher, who dares to have and exercise individual judgment in making and executing the rules of her school, and in conducting its exercises. This exercise of individual judgment, the Committee is not only disposed to allow, but to encourage as a commend- able characteristic in any teacher.
The School Committee still govern and direct in all things within the sphere of their legitimate duty, but
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the teacher's individual sphere in which she must be allowed discretion, remains intact. No Committee, nor "outsider," knows so much about the school, its details and necessities, as the one immediately in charge of it. If we keep a teacher in a position so dependent as to compel her to follow an exact routine, we destroy her self possession and interfere with her freedom in teach ing and governing her school according to her own methods. But if we leave details to the teacher, if we trust her, and let her execute her plans in her own way, she will feel her freedom, and if she be a conscientious teacher she will the more realize her own personality and responsibility. She will make mistakes sometimes, but will soon learn to correct them. She will meet with defeats, it may be, but out of defeat she will find the way to victory.
The order and discipline of the East Grammar School has been excellent, and the progress of the pupils in their classes has been very creditable.
.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT.
Time has brought about a great change in public sentiment upon this subject. This was strikingly illus- trated a short time ago in one of our schools. The . teacher, who is a strict disciplinarian, undertook to inflict corporal punishment upon a score of boys, one of whom had thrown a snowball at a citizen passing by the school- house at recess time. The guilty one had not the moral
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courage to confess his offence, and the lads, prompted by a mistaken sense of honor, something like that which formerly prevailed in regard to the dueling code, resisted every effort on the part of the teacher to induce them to expose the real culprit, and elected to take six strokes of a rattan, three on the palm of each hand. as a punish- ment inflicted upon them as "participes criminis," rather than "tell." The excellent and conscientious teacher went through the ordeal bravely, but not without strong disapproval on the part of the parents of the boys, "who," to use their own language, "were punished, being innocent, for a guilty one," who had not the man- liness to confess his guilt. The power of corporal pun- ishment, we believe, is still grudgingly given to teachers, but it is a suicidal act for any teacher to abuse it, and dangerous even to use it frequently. What is more significant, very few teachers like it, and women for the most part, and especially the teachers of our schools, we believe, without exception, dislike it very much.
Occasionally, but very infrequently, they are driven to it, or imagine that they are; but always, as in the case above named, with a bitter sense of morti- fication and disappointment that they have not their pupils so trained in heart and mind as to enable them to dispense with it. The practice is dying out, under the influence of what the Germans term the " Zeit Geist," and the growing conviction that "a system of terror," the infliction of physical pain, is not really efficacious in repressing offences of any kind, and
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especially not a necessity in school. If " corporal punishment " in schools were to die this year, there would be few female teachers, at least, to grace its funeral.
OUR HIGH SCHOOL.
The first, among the many other wants of our High School at present, is more scholars and a better preparation of those who enter it. This is a work of time and will necessarily come, if the Primary and Grammar Schools are properly graded, governed, and taught.
Another want is philosophical apparatus, sufficient, at least, to illustrate, experimentally, the ordinary phenomena of air and electricity.
A change of location, and the removal of the High School from the "Centre " to some point adja- cent to the railroad, it is thought by one of our Committee, Rev. Will. C. Wood, would better accom- modate the people living at or near Greenbush, Scituate Harbor, and North Scituate, and probably result in increased numbers and prosperity. The sub- ject is well worthy the consideration of the people.
There are very many other wants, but the final and vital one that we will mention in this Report is, the earnest sympathy and active support of the people of the Town. A teacher, in himself, however com- petent and efficient, cannot make a High School successful and popular. If the citizens of Scituate
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desire that the High School shall be continued, and be a prosperous one, and they have uniformly so expressed themselves at the Town meetings, then those who are eligible, for whose benefit it is main- tained, should be required to attend it. If, for slight and insignificant causes, freaks, and prejudices, or indeed, for any reason, this and that one drop out, and the number of students grows less and less each term, it is certain to affect the interest of both pupils and teacher injuriously.
The power of numbers is great in any organization or undertaking. A full attendance at the High School is necessary to stimulate the student as well as the teacher, and to inspire him and them to put forth their best efforts. There are, of course, "ebbs and flows " of attendance in different years, under the same teacher in the best of schools. But, after making due allowance for the unusual prevalence of disease during the past year, and also the local financial depression in the community, there still remains, as in late pre- vious years, a falling off in attendance during the three terms, a gradual dwindling of classes, that, in the opinion of the Committee, might have been, and ought to have been, prevented.
There are, however, these favorable considerations to be added : That the decrease of numbers and the reduction of the classes naturally tended to bring the remaining members in more direct personal contact with their teacher, F. O. Nickerson, A. B., a gentleman of
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high .character and culture, and the result, as we have been glad to observe, has been not only a steady advance in thoroughness of recitations and continual improve- ment in order and discipline, but also the birth and growth of a moral influence, the absence of which of late years has been deeply deprecated by Christian parents, and which especially during the past term, seemed to operate as a direct personal force, throughout the greater portion of the school.
As a majority of the Committee go out of office this spring, we will have to leave to others the future direc- tion of our High School. We can only say, that in all our actions in the past in regard to it, we have honestly and earnestly sought to secure it from detriment and decline, and to add to its efficiency and prosperity. And if those who succeed us shall, in the coming year, be more successful than we have been in awakening a greater interest in our High School, and in persuading our fellow townsmen to take more pride in this our only "local centre and fountain of culture," we feel that they will be amply repaid in the consciousness of achieving success, in an object worthy of the best effort of every good citizen.
For the Committee. HENRY B. HIBBEN, Acting Superintendent. J. O. COLE, Chairman. WILL. C. WOOD, Secretary.
2
ROLL OF HONOR
FOR PUNCTUAL ATTENDANCE.
HIGH SCHOOL.
ONE YEAR.
Andrew O. Waterman,
Ernest J. Brown.
Two TERMS.
Minea E. Andrews,
Henry R. Prouty, C. L. Litchfield.
ONE TERM.
Ernest Bonney, Henry T. Bailey.
WEST GRAMMAR.
ONE YEAR.
Willard L. Bailey. Two TERMS.
Fred T. Bailey, Edwin F. Vinal, Mary S. Cullen,
Elmer W. Litchfield, Harry B. Brown, Walter J. Merritt.
20
ONE TERM.
Joseph L. Hobson,
Edith R. Vinal,
Laura A. Langdon,
Alfred H. Newcomb,
James Litchfield,
James F. Bailey,
Lizzie F. Newcomb,
Albert H. Damon,
Perez L. Nott, William H. Vinal.
EAST GRAMMAR.
SIX YEARS. Willie W. Waterman. Two TERMS.
Lilla Burrows,
George Wade.
Thomas Tilden,
Hattie S. Young,
ONE TERM. Bennie J. Young, Amy Gardner.
NORTH MAIN STREET.
THREE YEARS. J. Charles Pierce. ONE YEAR.
Frank L. Brown, Arthur L. Seaverns,
Henry C. Seaverns, Ernest R. Seaverns.
Two TERMS.
George S. Bailey, Mary E. Nott, Albert E. Bailey,
Cora H. Wilder, Sarah A. Giffy, . Bessie W. Clapp, Augustus Clapp,
Blanche C. Nott, Harry Brown, Charles H. Trommer.
ONE TERM.
Agnes J. Litchfield, Edith E. Newcomb, Joseph A. Glines, Edith Nott, Alfred H. Mott.
21
CHARLES STREET.
ONE TERM.
Jessie Hayward,
Mary E. Butler,
Everett H. Litchfield,
Nettie H. Cottle,
Cora J. Litchfield,
Arthur J. Vinal, Millie H. Litchfield, Walter Vinal,
Hattie F. Cottle.
BEACH STREET. ONE YEAR. Joseph W. Rodriguez. Two TERMS.
Mary E. Mitchell, Henry H. Mott,
Ida M. Bearce, Edward N. Rodriguez.
ONE TERM.
Eugene Pratt, Charles A. Rodriguez, Emma F. Vinal,
Emma E. Mitchell, Salvina E. Bearce, Archie L. Mitchell,
Edna L. Pratt.
HIGH STREET.
THREE YEARS.
Lillie F. Crane. Two TERMS.
Frank Crane, Ellen F. Marsh,
Frank Litchfield, Clayton Hyland.
ONE TERM.
Willie O. Clapp, Austin G. Litchfield, George Brown,
Ellsworth Litchfield, Gardner Bates, Waldo Litchfield,
Ella G. Litchfield.
22
GROVE STREET. Two TERMS.
Cora F. Damon, Belle A. Merritt, Willie W. Damon. ONE TERM. Grace W. Clapp, Joshua D. Jenkins, Everett W. Osborn.
CENTRAL, STREET.
Two YEARS.
Abbie L. Damon. Two TERMS. Charles P. Wade, Edith M. Whitcomb.
Weston Elliott,
ONE TERM.
Nellie W. Bailey,
Hattie M. Spencer,
Avis A. Taylor,
George L. Whitaker,
Isaac B. D. Andrews,
Sarah M. Whitcomb,
Ida M. Taylor,-
Frank M. Langdon,
Edward E. Brown,
Gilbert W. Elliott.
SOUTH MAIN STREET.
ONE YEAR.
Aubrey W. Totman, Edwin R. Turner.
Two TERMS.
Charles F. Fernald, Isabel Northey,
Edward A. Cole, Josie M. Wherity, Patsy Kane.
-
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ONE TERM.
Lizzie B. Cargill,
James Curran,
Matilda R. Ward,
Thaddeus M. Paine, Charles F. Jenkins,
Henry Jenkins.
COMMON STREET.
ONE YEAR. Gracie L. Otis. Two TERMS. Otis R. Cooke.
ONE TERM. Sadie F. Otis, Herbert Sylvester.
BROOK STREET.
THREE YEARS.
Gridley Cole.
Harry Burrows,
ONE YEAR. Levi Hyland.
Madge Smith,
Two TERMS. Grace Torrey,
Amos Merritt. ONE TERM.
Myrtle Randall,
Elmer Burrows.
› WILLOW STREET. Two TERMS. Charles Tilden. ONE TERM. Nettie Sanborn, Alonzo Maddock.
Eddie Murphy, George Murphy,
Scott I. Litchfield,
Delia T. Quinn, H. Fanny Clapp, Henry T. Cole. Thomas Curran,
Hattie A. Curtis, Gracie Neely,
Charles Waterman,
SCHOOL STATISTICS.
SCHOOLS.
TEACHERS.
Greatest Number
During any one
Average Number
Belonging.
Attendance.
Per Cent.
High School
F. O. Nickerson
41
26.5
22.6
S5
West Grammar School
J. A. Neely .
51
39.6
33.6
S5
East Grammar School .
J. A. Neely
63
45.7
40.7
.89
North Main Street School.
Abbie G. Gannett
37
32.6
30.3
.93
Sarah R. Damon
33
24.4
21.1
.87
Willow Street School
Susie Young .
42
38.5
32.4
.84
Grove Street School
Nancy W. Osborne
26
22.3
21.6
97
South Main Street School
Gertie Vinal
40
34.1
32
94
High Street School ..
S. Alice Reed.
42
37.9
32.3
.85
Central Street School .
Hattie M. Damon
27
25.2
22.4
.89
Charles Street School.
Hattie M. Damon.
25
23.2
20.8
.89
Common Street School .
Emma F. Manson
32
28.3
23.8
.84
Brook Street School
Ella W. Cooke.
37
32.9
29.9
.91
24
Beach Street School
Nettie Litchfield
Emma Brown
Carrie Litchfield.
Mabel F. Litchfield.
Myra L. Young . .
Enrolled
Term.
Average
S. R. Damon
C. H. Young .
Carrie Litchfield.
ANNUAL REPORT
-OF THE-
SELECTMEN, ASSESSORS AND OVERSEERS OF POOR
- - OF THE-
TOWN OF - -- FOR THE-
SCITUATE
FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING FEBRUARY 1,
WITH THE REPORTS OF THE
TOWN TREASURER AND TOWN CLERK.
PLYMOUTH : AVERY & DOTEN, STEAM BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS. 1881.
١
REPORT.
The Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor of the Town of Scituate respectfully submit the following report showing the receipts and expenditures of the Town from Feb. 1, 1880, to Feb. 1, 1881, and its financial condition at the last-named date.
During that time the Selectmen have drawn orders upon the Town Treasurer for the purposes and to the amounts named in the following.
Statement of Expenditures.
OBJECT OF EXPENDITURES.
Expenses of 1879-80.
Expenses of 1880-81.
TOTAL.
Removing snow,
$90 72
$90 72
Support of schools,
$1,060 46
2,822 40
3,882 86
Incidentals for schools,
115 85
115 85
Support of Poor,
. 100 00
3,930 45
4,030 45
Repairs of public buildings,
139 16
139 16
Repairs of roads and bridges,
2,056 13
2,056 13
Town officers,
613 45
613 45
Printing, stationery, and postage stamps,
170 59
170 59
Abatement of taxes,
566 38
566 38
State aid, chapter 301,
1,056 00
1.056 00
Miscellaneous,
378 34
378 34
Military aid authorized by act of 1879, chapter 252,
649 53
649 53
Total amount of orders drawn,
$1,160 46 $12,589 00
$13,749 46
4
STATEMENT OF EXPENSES
of the Town from Feb. 1, 1880, to Feb. 1, 1881.
Removing Snow.
Amount of orders drawn. .
$90 72
Payments.
0
Charles E. Brown,
$3 37
Frederick Cole,
$22 90
Albert Clapp,
3 87
Samuel Brown,
11 11
Robert H. Hall,
10 93
Otis Litchfield,
3 00
John B. Turner,
26 54
Horace Litchfield,
9 00 Amount,
$90 72
5
Support of Schools.
The following statement is the whole expense for the year in- cluding the winter term, which ends in February, 1881. Amount of orders drawn.
$2,822 40
Amount due in February, 1881
1,183 08
Total expense for the year
$4,005 48
Deduct dog license fund of 1880 $136 41
Deduct School fund 200 84
$337 25
Net cost for the year
$3,668 23
Salaries of Teachers Paid and Due.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TEACHERS.
PAID.
Due in February, 1×81.
Amount of each School.
High School,
Stephen A. Snow.
8600 00
$333 33
$933 33
Sarah R. Damon,
260 00
110 00
370 00
West Grammar,
Josie E. Vinal. Assistant,
33 00
38 00
East Grammar,
Mrs. J. A. Neely,
260 00
110 00
370 00
Beach Street.
Annie M. Vinal.
57 75
189 00
Common Street,
Emma F. Manson,
131 25
57 75
189 00
Grove Street,
Nancy W. Osborne,
131 25
57 75
189 00
North Main Street,
Abbie Gannett,
131 25
57 7
189 00
Charles Street,
Myra L. Young,
126 00
57 75
183 75
Central Street,
Hattie M. Damon,
131 25.
57 75
00
High Street.
S. Alice Reed,
175 00
77 00
252 00
Willow Street,
Carrie W. Litchfield,
131 25
57 75
189 0
Brook Street,
Mrs. E. O. Cook,
131 25
57 75
189 00
South Main Street,
Gertrude Vinal,
131 25
57 75
189 00
Amounts.
$2,471 00 $1,183 08 $3,654 08
Netrie Litchfield.
131 25
6
Fuel and Preparation.
Edward Tobin, $0 50 E. H. Bonney, $58 85
Frank W. Damon,
60 00
David S. Jenkins, 25 50
Israel Cudworth,
28 50
David L. Studley, 22 75
Abner S. Dalby,
22 75
James Sullivan,
10 50
Harvey W. Litchfield, 22 00
Charles E. Bailey, 16 05
Israel D. Damon, 4 50
Amount, $271 90
2
Making Fires and Care of School-rooms.
William L. Kennard, $30 00 Charles Roderick, $2 00
Charles Waterman,
2 00
Ed. Newcomb, 20 00
Alfred Nightingale, . 20 00
Arthur J. Vinal, 2 00
Andrew L. Curtis, 2 00
Everett Osborne, 2 00
Chester Fernald, 2 00
M. S. Litchfield, 2 00
Harry Burrows,
2 CO
Harry Brown,
2 00
200
Amount, $90 00
Incidentals for Schools.
Amount of orders drawn $115 85
For Furniture and Cleaning School-rooms ..
Mrs. John Maddock, $11 00 E. P. Welch & Son, $2 12.
Sarah R. Damon, 75 Wm. H. Dalby, 1 00
« Mary Donahoe, 8 00
A. J. Waterman, 29 05
William L. Kennard, 3 24 H. A. Seaverns & Co., 13 44
Mrs. H. H. Andrews, 6 50
Ellen Bates, 4 00
Allen Farrow, 3 25
Job Vinal, 1 50
Mrs. John Hughes,
8 00
7
Use of Wells.
Edmund Landers,
$2 00 Joseph H. Litchfield $2 00
Mrs. Israel Merritt,
2 00
Lewis Brown, 2 00
Edmund F. Merritt, 2 00
Bennett D. Studley, 2 00
Isaac Nightingale,
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