USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > West Bridgewater > Town annual reports of the selectmen, overseers of the poor, town clerk, and school committee of West Bridgewater for the year ending 1955-1959 > Part 46
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Section 18. Bracing.
All corner posts shall be the equivalent of not less than three (3) two by four (2 x 4) inch studs braced by not less than one (1) one by four (1 x 4) inch diagonal braces cut into the studs or by equivalent construction. The diagonal bracing may be omitted when approved diagonal sheathing is provided in accordance with Section 20 of this code.
Section 19. Framing Over Opening.
Lintels over openings in bearing walls or partitions of one and two family dwellings shall consist of double joists not less than herein specified or trussed construction bearing on jack studs, or other approved construction affording adequate strength:
Spans less than four (4) feet Two 2 x 4
Spans four (4) feet to six (6) feet Two 2 x 6
Spans six (6) feet to eight (8) feet Two 2 x 8 Spans eight (8) feet to ten (10) feet Two 2 x 10
Section 20. Wall Sheathing and Roof Decking.
Exterior walls shall be sheathed with plywood or diagonal wood sheath- ing, or shall be otherwise braced with approved equivalent construction to furnish rigidity as required in Section 1 and Section 18 of Article 7 of this code.
Section 21. Types of Sheathing.
Except when approved stucco construction is used with a wrapping of No. 18 gage wire attached horizontally on the studs at six (6) inch intervals, the sheathing of all exterior frame walls shall consist of one of the following materials or any other approved material of equal strength and durability ap- proved by the Building Inspector.
1 - inch reinforced cement mortar 1 - inch wood sheathing 1/2 - inch gypsum boards 516 - inch plywood 1/2 - inch fibre boards No. 26 gage non-corrosive metal siding
Section 22. Nailing.
Wood sheathing boards shall be nailed to each stud and to the top and bottom plates and sills as provided in the nailing schedule, Section 40 of this code.
Section 23. Types of Roof Decking
Roof deck sheathing shall consist of not less than one (1) inch boards or
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approved plywood of the thickness specified herein or other approved materials of cquivalent strength and rigidity. If open deck sheathing is used on pitched roofs, it shall consist of not less than one by four (1 x 4) roofers spaced not more than six (6) inches on centers.
Section 24. Roof Covering.
The roofs of all buildings located less than fifty (50) feet apart shall be covered with fire resistant material. In repairing the roof of any building now covered with non-fire resistant material, if more than twenty-five percent is recovered in any one year it shall be done with fire resistant material as specified for new construction.
Section 25. Framing of Openings.
All window and door openings shall have double studs for the full height of the opening at jambs, with double headers or trussed construction over the opening as provided in Section 19 of this code.
Section 26. Exterior Weatherboarding and Veneers
All exterior wall coverings shall be of approved moisture and weather- resisting materials of sufficient stiffness and properly attached to resist rain and wind.
Section 27. Types of Weather Wall Coverings.
The following materials shall be accepted as approved weather coverings of the nominal thickness specified:
Stucco or Exterior Plaster 3/4 inches
Wood Siding
5/8 inches
Protected Combustible Siding
1/2 inches
Wood Shingles
3/8 inches
Exterior Plywood
516 inches
Asbestos Shingles
5/32 inches
Asbestos Cement Boards
1/8 inches
Brick Masonry Veneers
4 inches
Stone Veneers
2 inches
Vitreous Tile
2 inches
Aluminum Clapboard Siding
0.030 inches
Preformed Metal Siding 26 gage
Section 28. Nailing Weather Boarding, Wall and Roof Coverings.
All weather boarding and wall and roof coverings shall be securely nailed with aluminum, copper, zinc, zinc coated or other approved corrosion-resistive nails into the supporting structure in accordance with the recommended nail- ing schedule or the manufacturer's standards. Shingles and other weather cover- ings attached directly to sheathing not less than one (1) inch thick shall be secured with barbed or other mechanically bonding nails of an approved type; or by common nails on furring strips attached to the studs.
Section 29. Exterior Stucco.
When applied over sheathing, an approved covering of fourteen (14) pound waterproof felt or paper shall first be attached to the sheathing. Re- inforcement shall consist of expanded metal fabric weighing not less than one and eight tenths (1.8) pounds per square yard or wire fabric of not less than No. 16 U S gage with openings not more than two (2) inches in largest dimension nor less than No. 18 gage with openings not more than one (1) inch in greatest dimension. When applied without solid sheathing, expanded metal fabric shall weigh not less than 3.4 (three and four tenths) pounds per square yard and wire fabric shall be not less than No. 16 U S gage with open- ings not more than two (2) inches in largest dimension. All reinforcement shall be zinc coated or shall be manufactured of approved corrosion-resistive metals. In back-plastered stucco with the stucco extending not less than five-eighths (5/8 ths) inches back between the studs, the waterproof paper backing may be omitted. All metal reinforcement shall be furred away from sheathing or build-
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ing paper not less than one-fourth (1/4th) inches with self-furring lathe, metal strips or approved furring nails. Approved paper-backed wire fabric may be used consisting of welded fabric of not less than No. 16 gage galvanized wire with a two by two (2 x 2) inch mesh and stiffening ribs not more than five (5) inches on centers, to which is attached a double layer of approved fibrous, waterproof backing.
Section 30. Masonry Veneers.
Veneers of unit masonry on wood framing shall not be less than four (4) inches in thickness securely attached to the wood frame with corrosive- resistive anchors at vertical intervals of not more than sixteen (16) inches and horizontal intervals of not more than twenty (20) inches, except when bonded to a one (1) inch reinforced cement mortar base. Veneers of natural or artificial stone shall not be less than two (2) inches in thickness. Fourteen (14) pound waterproof felt or paper shall be attached securely to the frame back of the veneer, and flashing as required in Section 33 of this code shall be provided where necessary to prevent moisture penetration behind the veneers. The average height of four-inch brick veneer construction shall be not more than twenty-five (25) feet above its supports on the foundation wall or on corbels of masonry or steel and two (2) inch stone veneers shall not exceed a height of eighteen (18) feet. The corbel shall project not more than two (2) inches from the face of the foundation wall as specified in Section 110.6 of the Basic Principles of Building Construction as promulgated by the Board of Standards, Dept. of Public Safety, Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Section 31. Metal Veneers.
Veneers of metal shall be fabricated from approved corrosion-resistive materials or shall be protected front and back with porcelain enamel or shall be enamelled or otherwise treated to render the metal resistant to corrosion. Such veneers shall not be less than No. 26 U S gage in thickness mounted on wood or metal furring strips or approved sheathing on the frame construction.
Section 32. Plywood Construction.
All plywood shall be identified as to veneer-grade and glue-type by the manufacturer's identification marks. Plywood for exterior use shall be of the exterior waterproof type and for interior use shall be of the moisture-resistant interior type or the exterior type.
Section 33. Flashing.
All exterior openings shall be constructed with approved corrosion-resistive flashings at top and sides or by other approved method to be leakproof. Sim- ilar flashings shall be installed at the intersection of chimneys or other masonry construction with frame or stucco walls. Such flashing shall be provided with projecting lips on both sides under stucco copings; under and at the ends of masonry, wood or metal copings and sills; at wall and roof intersections; under built-in gutters; at junction of chimneys and roofs; at wall and roof intersec- tions; and in all roof valleys and around all roof openings.
Section 34. A. Moisture Condensation and Water Leakage.
To secure weather-tightness and moisture resistance in framed walls and other hollow unoccupied spaces, the exterior wall shall be faced with approved weather-resisting covering as specified in Section 27 of this code; and such spaces shall be ventilated, and when required by the Building Inspector interior non-corrodible vapor-tight barriers shall be installed at or near the veneer faces of walls; or other means shall be provided to avoid water leakage and mois- ture condensation.
B. Interior Surfaces.
In all habitable spaces, interior exposed wall and partition surfaces shall consist of materials which are not more combustible than wood and which are capable of resisting a horizontal force of not less than five (5) pounds per square foot.
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Section 35. A. Fire Stopping.
Fire stoppings shall be designed and installed to close all concealed draft openings and to form effective fire barriers against the spread of fire in all sub- divisions of any one story and between all stories of the building; and all open spaccs in the structural frame, including among others the location herein specificd, and all other openings that would permit the free travel of flame shall be effectively fire stopped.
In wooden buildings, the spaces between the studs of bearing partitions in the first story; between the studs at each exterior wall in the first story; and between the studs of such exterior walls above the first story as carry the ends of floor joists, shall severally be stopped by solid filling brought up to at least the level of the finished floor; also all spaces between floor joists directly above a bearing partition, in whatever story constructed, shall be stopped with such filling-in all cases so as to check effectively any draught from one story to another, or from the horizontal spaces between floor joists to the vertical spaces in walls and partitions.
When such spaces are required to be ventilated as prescribed in Sections 111.8 and 115.3 of the regulations of the Board of Standards, Dept. of Pub- lic Safety, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the details of firestopping shall be approved by the Building Inspector.
B. Furred Spaces: All furred spaces or frame walls and studded-off pieces of masonry walls shall be firestopped at maximum intervals of eight (8) feet both horizontally and vertically.
C. Sliding Doors: Where sliding doors are pocketed in partitions, such pockets shall be completely fire stopped on all sides.
D. Stairways. Fire stopping shall be provided between stair stringers at least once in the middle portion of each run and at the top and bottom and between studs of frame construction along and in line with the run of the stairs.
The spaces around chimneys, inside of studding, or furring making air ducts are to be thoroughly fire-stopped with suitable incombustible materials.
No insulation or insulating material shall be installed before firestopping has been approved by the inspector.
Section 36. Protection of Woodwork.
No smoke pipe shall be projected through any external wall, window or roof.
No smoke pipe shall pass through any wooden partition without a safety thimble of fireproof materials of the thickness of the partition.
No metal pipe used to convey heated air shall be placed within one inch of any woodwork unless it is enclosed in a metal pipe with air space between, or otherwise shielded with metal or asbestos, in a manner satisfactory to the inspector.
Ducts for warm or cold air shall be constructed entirely of metal and no cold air ducts shall be carried from a garage to a dwelling.
Section 37. Attic Access.
When not provided with stairways all attic spaces shall be provided with means of access by scuttle and ladder. Access trapdoors shall not be less than two (2) fect by three (3) feet in area, constructed of metal-covered wood or other approved incombustible materials.
Section 38. Garages.
All private garages shall comply with section 107.7 of the rules and regulations of the Board of Standards, Dept. of Public Safety, governing such structures, and the provisions of Chapter 148 of the General Laws, as amended.
Section 39, Table 1 MAXIMUM SPANS FOR FLOOR JOISTS Assumed live load, 40 pounds per square foot; dead load, 10 pounds per square foot
LUMBER SIZE
MAXIMUM CLEAR SPAN (No. 1 or 2 Dimension)
Nominal
Actual
Spacing center to center
Douglas Fir (Coast Region and Inland Empire), Southern Yellow Pine, Western Larch
West Coast Hemlock, Cypress, Redwood, Tamarack
All other softwoods
Inches
Inches
Inches
Ft. In.
Ft.
In.
Ft.
In.
2 by
6
15/8 by 15/8 by
55/8
16
9
1
8
6
7
9
2 by
6
15/8 by
71/2
16
12
1
11
4
10
4
2 by
8
15/8 by
71/2
12
13
3
12
5
11
4
3 by
8
25/8 by
71/2
16
14
0
13
2
12
1
3 by
8
25/8 by
71/2
12
15
4
14
4
13
2
or
2 by
9
2 by 10
15/8 by
91/2
16
15
3
14
4
13
1
2 by 10
15/8 by
91/2
12
16
8
15
8
14
4
3 by 10
25/8 by
91/2
16
17
8
16
9
15
2
3 by 10
25/8 by
91/2
12
19
3
18
1
16
6
2 by 12
15/8 by 111/2
16
18
5
17
3
15
10
2 by 12
15/8 by 111/2
12
20
1
18
10
17
3
Section 39, Table 2 MAXIMUM CLEAR SPANS OF RAFTERS For Wood and Asphalt Shingle Roofs (Rafters for slate, tile, or asbestos-cement (rigid) shingle roofs shall be of sufficient size to carry the load) Assumed Total Live and Dead Load-40 lbs. per sq. ft. (Clear span shall mean the distance measured horizontally from plate to a point directly beneath the ridge. The actual rafter length will depend on the roof slope and must be determined accordingly) For Roof with a Minimum Slope of 5 to 12
LUMBER SIZE
MAXIMUM CLEAR SPAN
Spacing center to center |
Douglas Fir (Coast Region and Inland Empire), Southern Yellow Pine, Western Larch
West Coast Hemlock, Cypress. Redwood, Tamarack
All
other softwoods
Inches
Inches
Inches
Ft. In.
Ft.
In.
Ft.
In.
2 by 4
15/8 by 35/8
20
7
3
6
7
5
6
2 by 4
15/8 by 35/8
16
8
1
7
4
6
2
2 by 4
15/8 by 35/8
12
9
4
8
6
7
2
2 by 6
15/8 by 55/8
20
11
4
10
5
8
8
2 by 6
15/8 by 55/8
16
12
6
11
5
9
6
2 by 6
15/8 by 55/8
12
14
2
13
1
11
0
2 by 8
15/8 by 71/2
20
15
2
13
8
11
0
2 by 8
15/8 by 71/2
16
16
7
15
3
12
1
2 by 8
15/8 by 71/2
12
18
4
16
7
14
3
55/8
12
10
0
9
4
8
7
2 by
8
Nominal
Actual
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Section 40. RECOMMENDED NAILING SCHEDULE
Building Element
Nail Type Number and Distribution
Stud to Sole Plate
Common-Toe Nail 3-16D
Stud to Cap Plate
Common-End Nail 2-16D
Double Studs
Common-Direct
10-D2" O.O. or 160 30" O.O
Corner Studs
Common-Direct 16D 30" O.O.
Sole Plate to Joist or Blocking
Double Cap Plate
Common-Direct 16D 24" O.O.
Cap Plate Laps
Common-Direct 3-16D
Ribbon Strip-6" or Less
Common-Direct 2-10D Each Bearing
Ribbon Strip-Over 6"
Common-Direct 3-10D Each Bearing
Roof Rafter to Plate
Common-Toe Nail 3-16D
Roof Rafter to Ridge
Common-Toe Nail 2-16D
Jack Rafter to Hip
Common-Toe Nail 3-10D
Floor Joists to Studs (No Ceiling Joists)
Common-Direct 5-10D or 3-16D
Floor Joists to Studs (With Ceiling Joists)
Floor Joists to Sill or Girder
Common-Toe Nail 2-16D
Common-Direct
3-20D at Each Joist
Common-Toe Nail 2-16D
Ceiling Joists to Alt. Rafters
Common-Direct 3-16D
Common-Direct 3-16D
Collar Beam
Common-Direct 4-10D
Common-Direct 2-8D Each End
Common-Direct 2-8D Each Bearing
Common-End Nail 1-20D Each 4 Sq. Ft. Floor
Common-End Nail 1-20D Each 8 Sq. Ft. Floor
(1") Sub-Flooring 6" or Less
(1") Sub-Flooring 8"
Common-Direct
3-8D Each Joist
Common-Direct 2-20D Each Joist
Common-Direct 2-8D Each Stud or Rafter
Common-Direct 3-8D Each Stud or Rafter
Corrosion Resistive 6D 5" O.O. Exterior Edges
Plywood Sheathing
Corrosion Resistive 6D 10" O.O. Intermediate
Roof Sheathing-6" or Less
Common-Direct 2-8D Each Rafter
Common-Direct 3-8D Each Rafter
Corrosion Resistive 8D-6" O.O. Exterior Edges
Corrosion Resistive 8D-12" O.O. Intermediate
Shingles
Corrosion Resistive 2-No. 14 B&S Each Bearing Corrosion Resistive 2-8D Each Bearing
Weather Boarding
Common-Direct
2-10D
Ledger Strip
Ceiling Joists to Plate
Ceiling Joist Laps (over partition)
Bridging to Joists
Diagonal Brace (to Stud & Plate)
Tail Beams to Headers (When Nailing Permitted)
Header Beams to Trimmers (When Nailing Permitted)
Common-Direct 2-8D Each Joist
(2") Sub-Flooring
(1") Sheathing-8" or Less
(1") Sheathing-Over 8"
Plywood Sheathing
Roof Sheathing-Over 6"
Fiber Board or Gyp. Wall Sheathing
Fiber Board or Gyp. Wall Sheathing
Shingle nails shall penetrate not less than $4 inches into nailing strips, sheathing or supporting construction except as otherwise provided in Sec. 111.62 of the regulations of the Dept. of Public Safety, Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Common 20D 16" O.O.
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ARTICLE 8. RIGHT OF APPEAL
Section 1. If the owner of any building or other structure, or an ap- plicant for a permit to erect or alter a building or other structure whose ap- plication has been refused by the Issuing Authority, or a person dissatisfied with the decision of the Building Inspector on a matter left by this By-Law to his approval or discretion may, within ten (10) days from date of such refusal, order or decision, file an application for a hearing with the Town Clerk and thereupon the matter shall be referred to the Board of Appeals, who shall, without unnecessary delay hold a Public Hearing of which due notice shall be given, whereupon all parties shall be heard and after taking such ex- pert opinion as it may seem to the Board of Appeals to be necessary, give their decision. In case that the decision of Issuing Authority and/or Building In- spector be affirmed the expense of such expert opinion shall be paid to the Town, on demand, by the owner or appellant; otherwise such expense shall be borne by the Town.
Section 2. The decision of the Board of Appeals shall be in writing and shall require the assent of a majority of the members of the Board. It shall specify the variations allowed and the reasons thereof, and shall be filed in the office of the Town Clerk within seven (7) days following the hearing, where it shall be open to public inspection for thirty (30) days thereafter.
Section 3. All appeals to the Board of Appeals shall be accompanied by a deposit of $10.00 to cover cost of advertising such hearing.
Section 4. The Board of Appeals, under this By-Law shall be the existing Board of Appeals, heretofore established and appointed by the Board of Selectmen. The rules, procedures and powers of the Board of Appeals on such appeals shall be in accordance with the General Laws, Chapter 40, as amended.
ARTICLE 9. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION
Whosoever violates, or causes the violation of any provisions of this By- Law shall be subject to a fine, for each violation, of not less than twenty dol- lars ($20.00) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00) for each violation as the court may direct. Each day during which any violation hereof continues shall, for the purpose of this By-Law, be considered a separate violation.
ARTICLE 10.
ENFORCEMENT.
This By-Law shall be enforced by the Board of Selectmen.
VALIDITY.
The invalidity of any section or provision of this By-Law shall not affect the validity of any other section or provision thereof.
EFFECTIVE DATE
So much of this By-Law as is approved by the Attorney-General shall take effect upon its publication as required by law. 3
PLUMBING BY-LAW ARTICLE 11.
Section 1. Title.
This By-Law shall be known and cited as the Plumbing Code of the Town of West Bridgewater, and the purpose thereof is to insure public health and safety insofar as they are dependent upon sanitation.
Section 2. Authority.
This By-Law in its entirety shall be construed to be in conformity with and subject to Chapter 142 of the General Laws, as amended, and to sections
18
3-I and 3-J of Chapter 143 of the General Laws, as amended, and shall be as fully complied with as if herein written.
Section 3. Inspector of Plumbing.
The Board of Selectmen shall, annually, following their organizational meeting, appoint a Plumbing Inspector, hereinafter referred to as Inspector, who shall hold office for one year, or until his successor shall take office, and may be removed from office for cause after a public hearing. He shall be a man qualified through experience or training to fulfill the duties of the work in- volved, and shall not be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract in the town and/or in furnishing labor or material for any work but his own. His salary or compensation shall be regulated by the Board of Selectmen un- less determined by a vote of the town.
Section 4. Duties of the Plumbing Inspector.
The Inspector shall be charged with the inspection and approval of all installations of plumbing, drainage and gas piping, and all repairs and/or ad- ditions. He shall enforce all ordinances relating thereto. He shall examine all applications for permits and, except in those instances where it appears that the requirements of this By-Law are not fully complied with, issue such permits within a reasonable time. He shall order, in writing, the suspension of any work being done in violation of the provisions of this By-Law. No person shall continue such work after the Inspector has forbidden its continuance. He shall keep a record of the business of his office, making such reports to the Board of Selectmen as they may require, and shall make an Annual Report to be published in the Annual Town Report.
Section 5. Prohibitions.
No person shall install, alter, add to or repair any plumbing, drainage or gas piping except in conformity with the provisions of this By-Law, or cause another to do so. No person shall use, operate or maintain defective, unsafe, unsanitary or dangerous plumbing systems by or through which waste water or sewage is carried from or within buildings. The Inspector may cause the water supply to be shut off from the premise of any owner or occupant who fails to remedy such defective, unsafe, unsanitary or dangerous plumbing sys- tems, fixtures or appliances within a reasonable time after a notice, in writing, has been issued by the Inspector.
Section 6. Exceptions.
The following shall be excepted from the provisions of this By-Law:
Ordinary repairs consisting of leaks in existing faucets, valves and other plumbing fixtures, the cleaning of stoppages shall be deemed a minor repair for which a permit is not required. But shall not be construed to include the replacement of such fixtures, nor the alteration, replacement or relocation of any water supply, sewer, drainage, leader, gas, soil, waste, vent or similar piping.
Section 7. Permits.
Before any plumbing, drainage or gas piping may be installed or repaired, except for ordinary repairs as heretofore defined, the owner, lessee or representa- tive of either shall secure from the Inspector a permit for the work to be done. The Inspector may require a plan or lay-out of such proposed work. Permits shall become void ninety days after date of issue unless work thereon shall have commenced and continued with reasonable diligence.
Section 8. Fees for Permits.
For each permit issued there shall be collected by the Inspector, to be paid into the Town Treasury, a fee (as established by the Board of Selectmen).
Section 9. Sewage Disposal.
The plumbing system of each building shall have an independent con- ncction into a cesspool or septic tank and cesspool or a subsurface distribution
19
system, the plans for such septic tank and/or cesspool must be approved by and a permit for same secured from the Board of Health before any work is started.
Section 10. Drainage System.
The drain from a point five (5) feet outward from inside of wall shall be not less than four (4) inches in diameter and shall continue from inside of wall not less than three (3) inches in diameter with at least 1/4" rise per foot to and through roof to a height of at least one (1) foot in any case, and one (1) foot above any window or opening within fifteen (15) feet. The drain from five (5) feet outward from inside of wall shall be of extra heavy cast iron. Con- nections and changes in directions shall be made with a long angle and long sweep bends and "Y" branches. Soil and waste pipes shall not have less than the following diameters:
Minimum branch waste 11/2 in.
Branch waste for urinals
11/2 in.
Branch waste for sinks 11/2 in.
Branch waste for wash trays Main waste
11/2 in. 2 in.
Soil pipe
3 in. & 4 in.
Section 11. A. Materials of Drainage System.
Drain, soil, waste and vent pipes and connections, which collectively make up the drainage system within the building, shall be constructed of the fol- lowing materials: extra heavy cast iron, lead and galvanized steel and brass pipe, or of copper tubing type "K" or "L" with sweat type fittings. Cast iron pipes and fittings shall be of a grade known to the trade as extra heavy, and may be plain or coated with tar or asphaltum. All joints in cast iron pipes shall be made with oakum and molten lead, run full, and caulked gas and water tight.
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