USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III > Part 19
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Ditches in Wood County .- The petition for the construction of the first ditch in Wood county was filed in the Auditor's office April 28, 1859, and up to September, 1869, there were constructed and in process of construc- tion 140 ditches, whose aggregate length is 495 miles. The respective length of the ditches is as follows :
16 ditches are less than 1 mile in length. 4
95 " ] mile and less than 6. 20 16 " 6 miles and less than 12.
1 ditch is 378 miles long. .
The last mentioned is designated as Diteh No. 12, and is "one of the institutions " of Wood county-a fact to which taxpayers can readily
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PUTNAM COUNTY.
testify. When entirely completed it will drain and render fit for cultivation not less than 50,000 acres of wet and swamp land. It has a total fall of 672 feet. Its bottom width varies from ten to twenty feet, and its depth from one to eight feet. This one improve- ment alone might claim rank with ship canals without a very great degree of presumption. It is by this system of drainage that the en- tire area of country once known as the Black Swamp is being converted into a most fertile and productive region, and in a few years it will become one of the most valuable agri- cultural districts between the Alleghenies and the Mississippi.
Extensive Ditching .- Prof. Klippart re- ports that up to January, 1872, there had been constructed no less than 3,000 miles of main or county drains, and fully 2,000 miles of side or township drains; together with thousands of tile, plank and " sapling " un- der-drains. Putnam county alone had 6043 miles of main and 131 miles of side ditch, while Wood county came next with 3713 miles of main and 1233 miles of side ditch.
In an address to the pioneers of Wood county, delivered in September, 1890, Mr. N. H. Callard, of Perrysburg, summarizes the ditching of Wood county at that date as follows :
" The largest diteh, the Jackson cut-off, is nine miles long. Its construction cost $110,- 000 and it drains near 30,000 acres of land. The Touisant ditch is twenty-two miles long, the Rocky Ford seventeen miles, and the work performed on the different branches of the Portage has been large and effective. It has been estimated that the whole drainage system of Wood county, as it now is, includ- ing railway ditches, those on each public highway, and such as have been constructed by the farmers on their private property, will present an aggregate of 16.000 miles in length, and their cost will reach into the mil- lions. These improvements form the basis of prosperity to the Wood county farmers. Without them they could have made but little progress in the cultivation of their farms or in the development of their crops."
LEIPSIC is eight miles north of Ottawa, at the crossing of the D. & M. and N. Y., C. & St. I. Railroads. Newspaper : Free Press, Independent, W. W. Smith, editor and publisher. Churches : 1 Lutheran, 2 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Disciples, 1 Catholic, 1 United Brethren. Bank : Bank of Leip- sic, A. Rosecrans.
Manufactures and Employees .- O. E. Townsend & Co., doors, sash, etc., 6 hands ; Buckeye Stave Co., 36 ; O. W. Irish & Co., butchers' skewers and flag- staffs, 33; J. H. Fisher, carriages, etc., 5; A. F. Easton, lumber, 5 .- State Re- port, 1887.
Population, 1880, 681. School census, 1888, 409. Capital invested in man- ufacturing establishments, $50,530. Value of annual product, $63,300 .- Ohio Labor Statistics, 1888.
COLUMBUS GROVE is seven miles south of Ottawa, on the D. & M. and C. W. Railroads. It has five churches. City officers, 1888 ; James Beford, Mayor ; J. W. Morris, Clerk ; John Keller, Treasurer ; Jesse Fruehey, Marshal. News- paper : Putnam County Vidette, Republican, W. C. Tingle, editor and publisher. Bank : Exchange, Simon Mapel, president, T. J. Mapel, cashier.
Manufactures and Employees .- J. F. MeBride, jeans, blankets, etc., 8 hands ; Bnekeye Stave Co., 60; J. S. Lelman & Co., drain tile, 6; M. Pease, flour, etc., 5; Crawford & Co., lumber, 4; Perkins & Allen, doors, sash, etc., 10; J. F. Jones, axe-handles, 15; Henderson & Light, flour, etc., 5; W. R. Kaufman, drain tile, 6 .- State Report, 1887.
Population, 1880, 1,392. School census, 1888, 509 ; E. Ward, superintendent. Capital invested in manufacturing establishments, $45,000. Value of annnal product, $50,500 .- Ohio Labor Statistics, 1888.
GILBOA is seven miles east of Ottawa. Population, 1880, 287. School eensus, 1888, 105.
KALIDA is nine miles southwest of Ottawa, on the Ottawa river. Population, 1880, 404. School census, 1888, 151.
BELMORE is eleven miles northeast of Ottawa, on the D. & M. Railroad. Population, 1880, 445. School census, 1888, 189.
DUPONT is sixteen miles west of Ottawa, on the Anglaize river and T., St. L. & K. C. Railroad. It has one Christian and one Methodist Episcopal church. School census, 1888, 150.
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PUTNAM COUNTY.
GLANDORF is two miles west of Ottawa. It has one church, Catholic. School census, 1888, 375.
FORT JENNINGS is so called from a stockade erected here by Col. Jennings in 1812. It is eighteen miles southwest of Ottawa, on the Auglaize river and on the T., St. L. & K. C. Railroad. It has two churches : one Catholic and one Lu . theran. School census, 1888 295.
RICHLAND.
RICHLAND COUNTY was organized March 1, 1813, and named from the char- acter of its soil. About one-half of the county is level, inclining to clay, and adapted to grass. The remainder is rolling, adapted to wheat, and some parts to corn, and well watered. Area, about 490 square miles. In 1887 the acres culti- vated were 165,970; in pasture, 71,752; woodland, 63,143; lying waste, 4,986 ; produced in wheat, 520,776 bushels ; rye, 6,699; buckwheat, 905; oats, 783,314; barley, 8,100 ; corn, 712,143; meadow hay, 30,636 tons; elover hay, 13,470; flax, 6,600 lbs. fibre ; potatoes, 93,054 bushels; butter, 682,564 lbs. ; cheese, 11,240 ; sorghum, 902 gallons ; maple syrup, 27,577; honey, 6,332 lbs .; eggs, 503,168 dozen; grapes, 12,295 lbs. ; apples, 14,257 bushels; peaches, 7,953 ; pears, 1,709 ; wool, 251,873 lbs. ; milch cows owned, 7,289. School census, 1888, 11,189 ; teachers, 343. Miles of railroad track, 155.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
Auburn,
1,020
Monroe,
1,627
1,888
Bloomfield,
1,294
1,181
Montgomery,
2,445
Blooming Grove,
1,495
Orange,
1,840
Butler,
789
Perry,
1,852
656
Cass,
1,614
Plymouth,
1,934
1,700
Clear Creek,
1,653
Sandusky,
1,465
723
Congress,
1,248
Sharon,
1,675
2,981
Franklin,
1,668
967
Springfield,
1,685
1,617
Green,
2,007
Troy,
1,939
1,424
Hanover,
1,485
Vermilion,
2,402
Jackson,
977
Vernon,
1,040
Jefferson,
2,325
2,449
Washington,
1,915
1,599
Madison,
3,206
11,675
Weller,
1,076
Mifflin,
1,800
930
Worthington,
1,942
2,060
Milton,
1,861
Population of Richland in 1820 was 9,186; 1830, 24,007; 1840, 44,823; 1860, 31,158; 1880, 36,306 ; of whom 27,251 were born in Ohio ; 3,931, Penn- sylvania ; 602, New York ; 254, Virginia ; 228, Indiana ; 28, Kentucky; 1,563, German Empire ; 446, Ireland ; 387, England and Wales; 81, British America ; 60, Scotland ; 51, France, and 10, Sweden and Norway. Consus, 1890, 38,072.
A large proportion of the early settlers of Richland emigrated from Pennsyl- vania, many of whom were of German origin, and many Scotch-Irish Presby- terians. It was first settled, about the year 1809, on branches of the Mohiccan. The names of the first settlers, as far as recollected, are Henry M'Cart, Andrew Craig, James Cunningham, Abm. Baughman, Henry Nail, Samuel Lewis, Peter
10
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RICHLAND COUNTY.
Kinney, Calvin Hill, John Murphy, Thomas Coulter, Melzer Tannehill, Isaac Martin, Stephen Van Schoick, Archibald Gardner and James M'Clure.
In September, 1812, shortly after the breaking out of the war with Great Britain, two block-houses were built in Mansfield. One stood about six rods west of the site of the court-house, and the other a rod or two north. The first was built by a company commanded by Capt. Shaeffer, from Fairfield county, and the other by the company of Col. Chas. Williams, of Coshocton. A garrison was stationed at the place, until after the battle of the Thames.
At the commencement of hostilities, there was a settlement of friendly Indians, of the Delaware tribe; at a place called Greentown, about 12 miles southeast of Mansfield, within the present township of Green, now in Ash- land county. It was a village consisting of some 60 cabins, with a council-house about 60 feet long, 25 wide, one-story in height, and built of posts and clapboarded. The village contained several hundred persons. As a measure of safety, they were collected, in August, 1812, and sent to some place in the western part of the State, under protection of the government. They were first brought to Mansfield, and placed under guard, near where the tan-yard now is, on the run. While there, a young Indian and squaw came up to the block-house, with a request to the chaplain, Rev. James Smith, of Mount Ver- non, to marry them after the manner of the whites. In the absence of the guard, who had come up to witness the ceremony, an old Indian and his daughter, aged about 12 years, who were from Indiana, took advantage of the circumstance and escaped. Two spies from Coshocton, named Morrison and M'Cul- Joch, met them near the run, about a mile northwest of Mansfield, on what is now the farm of E. P. Sturges. As the commanding officer, Col. Kratzer, had given orders to shoot all Indians found out of the bounds of the place, under an impression that all such must be hostile, Morrison, on discovering them, shot the father through the breast. He fell mortally wounded, then springing up, ran about 200 yards, and fell to rise no more .. The girl escaped. The men returned and gave the information. A party of 12 men were ordered out, half of whom were under Serjeant John C. Gilkison, now ( 1846 ) of Mansfield. The men flanked on each side of the run. As Gilkison came up, he found the fallen Indian on the north side of the run, and at every breath he drew, blood flowed through the bullet-hole in his chest. Morri- son next came up, and called to M'Culloch to come and take revenge. Gilkison then asked the Indian who he was: he replied, "A friend." M'Culloch, who had by this time joined them, exclaimed as he drew his tom- ahawk, "D-n you ! I'll make a friend of you !" and aimed a blow at his head ; but it glanced, and was not mortal. At this he placed one foot on the neck of the prostrate Indian, and drawing out his tomahawk, with
another blow buried it in his brains. The poor fellow gave one quiver, and then all was over.
Gilkison had in vain endeavored to prevent this inhuman deed, and now requested M'Culloch to bury the Indian. "D-n him ! no !" was the answer ; "they killed two or three brothers of mine, and never buried them." The second day following, the In- dian was buried, but it was so slightly done that his ribs were seen projecting above ground for two or three years after.
This M'Culloch continued an Indian fighter until his death. He made it a rule to kill every Indian he met, whether friend or foe. Mr. Gilkison saw him some time after, on his way to Sandusky, dressed as an Indian. To his question, " Where are you going ?" he re- plied, "To get more revenge !
Mr. Levi Jones was shot by some Green- town Indians in the northern part of Mans- field, early in the war, somewhere near the site of Riley's Mill. He kept a store in Mansfield, and when the Greentown Indians left, refused to give up some rifles they had left as security for debt. He was waylaid, and shot and scalped. The report of the rifles being heard in town, a party went out and found his body much mutilated, and buried him in the old graveyard.
After the war, some of the Greentown Indians returned to the county to hunt, but their town having been destroyed, they had no fixed residence. Two of them, young men ' by the names of Seneca John and Quilipetoxe, came to Mansfield one noon, had a frolic in Williams' tavern, on the site of the North American hotel, and quarrelled with some whites. About four o'clock in the afternoon they left, partially intoxicated. The others, five in number, went in pursuit, vowing revenge. They overtook them about a mile east of town, shot them down, and buried them at the foot of a large maple on the edge of the swamp, by thrusting their bodies down deep in the mud. The place is known as " Spook Hollow."-Old Edition.
In the war of 1812 occurred two tragic events near the county line of Ashland. These were, the murder by the Indians of Martin Ruffier, Frederick Zimmer and fam- ily, on the Black Fork of the Mohicean ; and the tragedy at the cabin of James Copus. For details see Ashland County.
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RICHLAND COUNTY.
TRAVELLING NOTES.
The name MANSFIELD is with me a very old memory, that of a personal acquaintance with the eminent character, COL. JARED MANSFIELD, in whose honor the place was named. One incident is indelibly impressed in connection with his death, which oceurred in his native place, New Haven, Connecticut, Feb- ruary 3, 1830, now more than sixty years since. On that occasion my father had involved upon him a delicate duty, to write to Mrs. Mansfield, then in Cincinnati, of the event. And as he walked the floor to and fro pondering, he turned to me and said he was troubled to think how he could the most appropriately and gently impart the sad tidings.
The Mansfields have been eminent people. The late Edward Deering Mans- field, " the Sage of. Yamoyden," Ohio's statistician and journalist, was his only son : while General Joseph K. F. Mansfield, the old army officer, who fell at An- tietam, was his nephew.
COL. JARED MANSFIELD was rising of 70 years of age, a tall venerable silver- haired old gentleman, and one of the great, useful characters of his day. It was under his teachings that our famed military school at West Point got its start, in the beginning years of this century.
In giving him the position of Surveyor-General of the Northwest Territory the good judgment of Thomas Jefferson was illustrated. In person and qualities he resembled his own son, Edward Deering; had the same strongly pronounced Roman nose, the same childlike simplicity of speech, and the same loud, guileless laugh. This last was one of the life troubles of Mrs. Mansfield ; a somewhat proud, punctilious old lady, ever mindful of the proprieties. She " wished the Colonel "-she was always thus careful to give his title-she " wished the Colonel would not laugh so loud ; it was so undignified."
Mrs. Mansfield herself was one of the strong-minded and most elegant of the pioneer women of Ohio and deserves a no- tice. She was a girl-mate and life-long friend of my mother, and so I have the facts. The family came out to Ohio in 1803, and settled in Cincinnati in 1805, when, as her son wrote, it was "a dirty little village." She was a so- ciety-leader, and introduced the custom of New Year calls ; a queenly woman withal, of high Christian principles; a close thinker and great reader ; suave and gracions in man- ner, but imperious in will. 'True to her sex, she looked for admiration and respect, and, as was her due, received them.
She had come from a commanding stock and inherited the qualities for leadership. Her father and family-the Phipps-had largely been shipmasters. Among them was Sir William Phipps, a shipmaster, an early governor of Massachusetts ; a generous man, but imperious, "quick to go on his muscle." Another is remembered, not by his name, but for the usual manner of his "taking off.' He was in command of a frigate. It had just arrived, and anchored in the harbor of Hali- fax. Date 1740, or thereabouts. He per- sonally landed in a small boat, having left orders for his ship to fire the usual salute for such an event, and was walking on the dock, leading a boy by the hand. By an oversight in loading the guns for the salute, a previous load that was in one of them had not been withdrawn. It had been loaded with ball
while at sea, That ball went ashore and cut him in two ; the lad was unharmed.
Mansfield, in his "Personal Memories," gives a handsome tribute to his father, in some very interesting and instructive para- graphs. He says : My father's family came from Exeter, in England, and were among the first settlers in New Haven, in 1639. My father, Jared Mansfield, was, all his life, a teacher, a professor, and a man of science. Hle began his life as a teacher in New Haven, where he taught a mathematical school, and afterward taught at the " Friends' Academy," in Philadelphia, where he was during the great yellow-fever season, and went from there to West Point, where he taught in the Military Academy, in 1802-3 and in 1814-28. In the meantime, however, he was nine years in the State of Ohio, holding the position of Surveyor-General of the United States. The manner of his appointment and the work he performed will illustrate his character, and introduce a small but interesting chapter of events.
While teaching at New Haven, he had several pupils who afterward became famous or rather distinguished men. Two of these were Abraham and Henry Baldwin. The first was afterward United States Senator from Georgia, and the second, Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. These boys, as may be inferred, had decided talents, but were full of mischief. One day they played a bad trick upon my father, their
148
RICHLAND COUNTY.
teacher, and he whipped them very severely. Their father complained, and the case came before a magistrate ; but my father was ac- quitted. It may be thought that the boys would have become my father's enemies. Not so ; they were of a generous tempera- ment, and knew their conduct had been wrong ; this they acknowledged, and they became my father's fast friends. Judge Henry Baldwin told me that nothing had ever done him so much good as that whip- ping ; and the brothers were warm in their friendship to my father, both in word and act.
While teaching in New Haven he pub- lished a book entitled "Essays on Mathe- matics." It was an original work, and but a few copies were sold ; for there were but few men in the country who could understand it. The book, however, established his reputa- tion as a man of science, and greatly influ- enced his after life. Abraham Baldwin was at that time senator from .Georgia, and brought this book to the notice of Mr. Jeffer- son, who was fond of science and scientific men. The consequence was that my father became a captain of engineers, appointed by Mr. JJefferson, with a view to his becoming one of the professors at the West Point Mil- itary Academy, then established by law. Accordingly, he and Captain Barron, also of the engineers, were ordered to West Point, and became the first teachers of the West Point cadets in 1802. He was there about a year, when he received a new appointment to a new and more arduous field in the West.
Mr. Jefferson had been but a short time in office, when he became annoyed by the fact that the public surveys were going wrong, for the want of establishing meridian lines, with
base lines at right angles to them. The sur- veyors at that time, including Gen. Rufus Putnam, then surveyor-general, could not do this. Mr. Jefferson wanted a man who could perform this work well ; necessarily, there- fore, a scientific man. This came to the ears of Mr. Baldwin, who strongly recommended my father as being, in fact, the most scien- tific man of the country. My father did not quite like the idea of such a work ; for he was a scholar and mathematician, fond of a quiet and retired life.
He foresaw, clearly, that going to Ohio, then a frontier State, largely inhabited by Indians and wolves, to engage in public busi- ness involving large responsibilities, would necessarily give him more or less of trouble and vexation. Ile was, however, induced to go, under conditions which, I think, were never granted to any other officer. It was agreed that, while he was engaged in the public service in the West, his commission in the engineer corps should go on, and he be entitled to promotion, although he received but one salary, that of surveyor-general. In accordance with this agreement, he received two promotions while in Ohio; and his pro- fessorship at West Point was (on the recom- mendation of President Madison) subse- quently, by law, conformed to the agreement, with the rank and emoluments of lieutenant- colonel.
My father, so far as I know, was the only man appointed to an important public office solely on the ground of his scientific attain- ments. This was due to Mr. Jefferson, who, if not himself a man of science, was really a friend of science.
Mansfield in 1846 .- Mansfield, the county-seat, is sixty-eight miles northerly from Columbus, twenty-five from Mount Vernon, and about forty-five from San- dusky City. Its situation is beautiful, upon a commanding elevation, overlooking a country handsomely disposed in hills and valleys. The streets are narrow, and the town is compactly built, giving it a city-like appearance. The completion of the railroad through here to Sandusky City has added much to its business facili- ties, and it is now thriving and increasing rapidly.
It was laid ont in 1808 by James Hedges, Jacob Newman, and Joseph H. Larwill. The last-named gentleman pitched his tent on the rise of ground above the Big Spring, and opened the first sale of lots on the 8th of October. The country all around was then a wilderness, with no roads through it. The first purchasers came in from the counties of Knox, Columbiana, Stark, etc. Among the first settlers were George Coffinberry, William Winship, Rollin Weldon, J. C. Gilkison, John Wallace, and Joseph Middleton. In 1817 about twenty dwellings were in the place-all cabins, except the frame tavern of Samnel Williams, which stood on the site of the North American, and is now the private residence of Joseph Hildreth, Esq. The only store at that time was that of E. P. Sturges, a small frame which stood on the northwest corner of the public square, on the spot where the annexed view was taken. The Methodists erected the first church.
Mansfield contains one Baptist, one Union, one Seceder, one Disciples', one Methodist, one Presbyterian, and one Congregational church-the last of which is one of the most substantial and elegant churches in Ohio ; two newspaper print- ing-offices, two hardware, one book and twenty dry-goods stores, and had, in 1840, 1,328 inhabitants, and in 1846, 2,330 .- Old Edition.
-
JOHN SHERMAN, U. S. SENATE.
HENRY B. PAYNE, U. S. SENATE.
Drawn by Heury Howe in 1846.
PUBLIC SQUARE. MANSFIELD.
W. B. Kimball, Photo., Columbus, 1890.
PUBLIC SQUARE, MANSFIELD.
149
151
RICHLAND COUNTY.
MANSFIELD, county-seat of Richiland, is about midway between Columbus and Cleveland, about sixty-three miles from each. It is a prosperous manufacturing and railroad centre; is on the P., Ft. W. & C., B. &O., L. E. & W., and N. W. O. Railroads. The Intermediate Penitentiary is now in course of erection there. County offi- cers, 1888 : Auditor, John U. Nunmaker ; Clerk, John C. Burns ; Commission- ers, Christian Baer, David Boals, John Iler; Coroner, Eli Stofer; Infirmary Directors, George Becker, Edwin Payne, Joseph Fisher ; Probate Judge, Andrew J. Mack ; Prosecuting Attorney, Hubbert E. Bell ; Recorder, William F. Voeg- ele ; Sheriff, Bartholomew Flannery ; Surveyor, Orlando F. Stewart ; Treasurer, Edward Remy. City officers, 1888 : Mayor, R. B. McCrory; Clerk, John Y. Gessner ; Marshal, H. W. Lemon ; Civil Engineer, Jacob Laird; Chief of Fire Department, George Knoffloek ; Street Commissioner, A. C. Lewis; Solicitor, Marion Douglass. Newspapers : Herald, Republican, George U. and W. F. Harn, editors ; News, Republican, Cappeller and Hiestand, editors ; Shield and Banner, Democratic, Gaumer and Johnston, editors; Courier, German, L. S. Kuebler, editor and publisher ; Democrat, Democratie, A. J. Baughman, editor and publisher ; Buckeye Farmer, agricultural, W. N. Mason, editor and publisher. Churches : 1 Baptist, 1 Believers in Christ, 1 Catholic, 1 Christian, 1 Congrega- tional, 1 Evangelical German, 3 Lutheran, 1 Episcopal Methodist, 1 African Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Reformed Presbyterian, 1 United Brethren, 1 Prot- estant Episcopal. Banks : Citizens' National, George F. Carpenter, president, S. A. Jennings, cashier ; Farmers' National, J. S. Hedges, president ; Mansfield Savings, M. D. Harter, president, R. Brinkerhoff, cashier ; Sturges', W. M. Stur- ges, president, John Wood, cashier.
Manufactures and Employees .- Larabee Manufacturing Co., vehicle chafe irons, 12 hands ; Bodine Roofing Co., 7; E. J. Forney & Co., linseed oil, 9; Jacob Cline, cooperage, 18 ; Bissman & Co., coffee, spices, etc., 16 ; Union Foundry and Machine Co., 12; Gilbert, Wangh & Co., flour, etc., 15; Hicks-Brown Co., flour, etc., 15; Mansfield Barrel Co., cooperage, 14; Barnett Brass Co., brass goods, 42; Aultman & Taylor Co., engines, etc., 330; Nail & Ford, planing mill, 25; Mansfield Plating Co., nickel-plating, 11; Buckeye Suspender Co., 84 ; Mans- field Steam Boiler Works, 42; Mansfield Carriage Hardware Co., 57 ; Humphrey Manufacturing Co., pumps, etc., 182 ; Mansfield Machine Works, 100; Mansfield Buggy Co., 97; Faust & Wappner, furniture, 4; S. N. Ford & Co., sash, doors and blinds, 70 ; Baxter Stove Co., 96 ; Mills, Ellsworth & Co., bending works, 25 ; R. Lean & Son, harrows, 12; Western Suspender Co., suspenders, 85; Craw- ford & Taylor, crackers, etc., 80; Herald Co., printing, 21 ; Hantzenroeder & Co., cigars, 285; Danforth & Proctor, sash, doors and blinds, 25 ; Ohio Suspender Co., 33 ; Mansfield Box Manufacturing Co., paper boxes, 15 ; Shield and Banner Co., printing, 19; News Printing Co., printing and binding, 22 .- State Report, 1888.
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