USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III > Part 26
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RICHARD DOUGLASS was born in New London, Conn., in 1875; came to Ohio in 1809, and in the same year commenced the practice of law in Chillicothe. Mr. Douglass was a man of great talents, and impressed his associates as one who seemed to know everything. Short in stature, with a large body and thin legs; small, keen, twinkling eyes ; he was an oddity in appearance, and said to resemble the traditional "Santa Claus." Many anecdotes are told of his ready witand retentive memory. Wequote the following from the " Ross County History: " "In a suit for damages for malicious arrest
and prosecution, Gustavus Scott, for defend- ant, had quoted in Latin the maxim that 'No man shall be held responsible in dam- ages for the use of the king's writ.' Dong- lass replied, 'Very true, Brother Scott, that sneh was the very ancient maxim. But you ought to know, sir, that the great Lord Mans- field, seeing the injustice of such a rule of law, reversed it 200 years ago, and from his day to the present the maxim stands 'Canis Kinkaidins cum ambos arus assoribus;' or, freely translated, 'No man shall take shelter from the responsibilities of his wrong acts, under the king's name.' . Days after the case had been won, Scott took Douglass to task for misquotation or mistranslation. Doug- lass denied that he had so translated it, and insisted that he had only informed the court of the very peculiar metallic formation of the tails of Kincaid's dogs."
Withal, Mr. Douglass was a man of fine attainments, and a lifelong member of the Episcopal church. He died in 1852.
JOHN PORTER BROWN was born in Chilli- cothe, August 17, 1814. He served several years as a midshipman in the navy. In 1832 he accompained his uncle David Porter to Constantinople, the latter having been ap- pointed first American minister to the Porte. Brown gave much study to oriental languages and literature. Nine times he represented the United States as chargé d'affaires. While acting in this capacity, Martin Koszta, the Hungarian patriot, who had declared to the American Consul his intention to become an American citizen, was seized by the Aus- trian anthorities and held on one of their frigates. Koszta appealed to the American legation, upon which Mr. Brown sent to Capt. Ingraham of the U. S. corvette "Dale" the laconic message, "Take him." Capt. Ingraham gave the Austrians three hours in which to deliver Koszta, and in the mean- while prepared his vessel for action. Within half an hour of the expiration of the stipu- lated time the prisoner was delivered to the French consul and by him to the Americans. A service of plate in recognition of his con- duct was presented to Mr. Brown by Ameri- can admirers. Mr. Brown died at Constan- tinople April 28, 1872. He had a wide rep- ntation as an oriental scholar, wrote "Der- vishes, or Oriental Spiritnalism," and trans- lated other valable works.
JOHN HANCOCK, who was for four years superintendent of the public schools of Chilli- eothe, is regarded as one of the foremost edu- cators in Ohio. He was born in Clermont county, began his career by teaching in the country schools. Through Dr. Ray, the dis- tinguished mathematician, he was called to Cincinnati, where he served twelve years as principal, and in 1867 was elected superin- tendent of the public schools, a position he held for seven years. He held a similar position in Dayton's schools for ten years, and in Chillicothe's for four years. On the death of State School Commissioner Dr. E. T. Tappan in October, 1888, Mr. Hancock was appointed by Governor Foraker to fill
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194
ROSS COUNTY.
the unexpired term, and in 1889 was elected by the people for the full term of three years.
Mr. Hancock has been an important factor in the advancement of education, not only in the State, but throughout the nation. Ile has been president of the Ohio Teachers Association and of the National Education Association ; has received honorary degrees from Kenyon College and from Wooster University. He has also been an active worker in teacher's institutes for more than twenty-five years and has contributed to various educational journals.
WILLIAM H. SAFFORD was born at Par- kersburg, W. Va., February 19, 1821. He received a common-school education and be- came a school teacher, later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1842. In 1848 he removed to Chillicothe. In 1857 was elected to the State Senate and in 1868 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Judge Safford spent his boyhood days in the vicinity of Blennerhassett Island, was attracted by the sad and romantic history of its owner and de- voted much study and research to the carcer of Blennerhassett, which he embodied in a biography published in 1861, and later en- larged into the "Blennerhassett Papers," an important work of much historie value. Judge Safford is now engaged on a series of papers ou the domestic life of Aaron Burr.
WILLIAM SOOY SMITH was born in Tarl. ton, Pickaway county, July 22, 1830, a few miles north of the line of Ross county. His grandfather was a revolutionary soldier, his father a captain in the war of 1812. Both belonged to the Society of Friends, but sev- ered their relations with their sect to fight for their country. Win. Sooy Smith worked and paid his own way through Ohio Univer-
sity at Athens, graduating in 1849; attended West Point, and served in the army but one year, resigning in 1853. He then engaged in civil engineering, made the first surveys for the international bridge neross the Niagara river. In 1857 he was elected chief engineer and secretary of the Trenton ( N. J.) locomo- works, then the chief iron-bridge inanufac- turing company in this country. He intro- duced important improvements in bridge building.
At the outbreak of the war, he entered the volunteer service as assistant adjutant-gen. eral at Camp Dennison, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was soon made colonel of the Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the West Virginia cam- paigns. April 7, 1862 he was commissioned brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious service. He participated in the battles of Shiloh and Perryville. Subsequently was made chief of cavalry of the Department of the Tennessee and as such attached to the staffs of General Grant and General Sherman, but owing to an attack of inflammatory rheuma- tism, brought on through exposure in a Mississippi raid, for six weeks he was unable to move even a finger ; he was obliged to re- sign in July, 1864. His military career was able, efficient and valuable.
Returning to his profession, in 1867 he sank the first pneumatic caisson in building the Waugoshanee light house at the Straits of Mackinaw. He built the first all-steel bridge in the world, across the Missouri river at Glasgow, Mo.
General Smith has been concerned in . many other important engineering enter- prises, has served on numerous commissions ; in 1880 was president of the Civil Engineers Club of the Northwest, and is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
KINGSTON is ten miles north of Chillicothe, on the S. V. and C. H. V. & H. Railroads. Newspaper : Blade, Independent, Arthur Jack, editor and publisher. Churches : 1 Methodist Episcopal and 1 Presbyterian. Bank : Scioto Valley, James May, president, H. F. Moore, cashier.
Manufactures and Employees .- C. Boice & Co., flour and feed, 3 hands ; Jesse Brundidge, flooring, etc., 3; Halderman & Boggs, grain elevator, 3; May, Raub & Co., drain tile, 10 .- State Report, 1888.
Population 1880, 442. School census, 1888, 207. A. L. Ellis, superintendent of schools. Capital invested in manufacturing establishments, $10,000. Value of annual product, $10,000 .- Ohio Labor Statistics, 1888.
ADELPHI is eighteen miles northeast of Chillicothe, on the C. H. V. & H. R. R. Newspapers: Border News, Neutral, Hugh F. Eagan, editor and pub- lisher. Population, 1880, 469. School census, 1888, 165. G. W. Fry, superin- tendent of schools.
BAINBRIDGE is on Paint creek and the O. S. R. R., nineteen miles southwest of Chillicothe.
"It was laid out in 1805 by Nathaniel Massie and will become the seat of jus- tice for the projected county of Massie, in case it is established. It is surrounded by a beautiful country and contains two churches, a forge, one newspaper printing office, eight stores and about eighty dwellings. About a mile northwest of the
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195
ROSS COUNTY.
town is a small, natural tunnel, about one hundred and fifty feet in length, through which courses a little sparkling rill."-Old Edition.
Newspaper : Paint Valley Echo, Independent, J. M. Miller, editor and pub- lisher. Banks : Rockhold, Cook & Co., E. C. Rockhold, president, W. P. Sheible, cashier ; Spargur, Hulitt & Co., J. B. W. Spargur, president, II. E. McCoy, cashier. Population, 1880, 825. School census, 1888, 295. J. A. Wilcox, superintendent of schools.
FRANKFORT is cleven miles northwest of Chillicothe, on the C. B. & W. and D. & I. Railroads and north fork of Paint creek. Newspaper : Sun, Independent, H. C. Painter, editor and publisher. Bank : Merchants' and Farmers', D. C. Anderson, president, D. L. Sutherland, cashier. Population, 1880, 548. School census, 1888, 199.
CLARKSBURGH is sixteen miles northwest of Chillicothe. Newspaper : Telegraph, Independent, D. F. Shriner, editor. Churches : 1 Methodist Episcopal and 1 Christian. Population, 1880, 348.
SOUTH SALEM is seventeen miles west of Chillicothe. Population, 1880, 299.
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196
SANDUSKY COUNTY.
SANDUSKY.
SANDUSKY COUNTY was formed from old au Indian territory, April 1, 1820. The soil is fertile, and the surface is generally level. The Black Swamp tract covers the western part. Its first settlers were principally of New England origin, since which many have moved in from Pennsylvania and Germany. The principal productions are Indian corn, wheat, oats, potatoes and pork. Arca about 440 square miles. In 1887 the acres cultivated were 143,122; in pasture, 19,884; woodland, 37,797; lying waste, 3,917; produced in wheat, 732,798 bushels; rye, 20,464; buckwheat, 981; oats, 552,467; barley, 11,756; corn, 1,184,723 ; broom corn, 300 lbs. brush ; meadow hay, 18,445 tons; clover hay, 12,077; potatoes, 120,055 bushels; butter, 710,754 lbs. ; cheese, 53,200 ; sorghum, 1,878 gallons ; maple syrup, 3,105 gallons; honey, 4,296 lbs. ; eggs, 508,110 dozen; grapes, 37,540 lbs .; wine, 593 gallons ; sweet potatoes, 655 bushels ; apples, 52,203; peaches, 6,146 ; pears, 1,507; wool, 148,219 lbs. ; milch cows owned, 5,481. Olio Mining Statistics, 1888 .- Limestone, 18,600 tous burned for lime, 8,250 cubic feet of dimension stone, 3,526 cubic yards of building stone, 6,353 cubic yards of ballast or macadam. School census, 1888, 9,446 ; teachers, 287. Miles of railroad track, 141.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
TOWNSHIPS AND CENSUS.
1840.
1880.
Ballville,
1,007
1,652
Sandusky,
1,696
1,785
Fremont (City),
8,456
Scott,
684
1,452
Green Creek,
1,186
4,495
Townsend,
692
1,697
Jackson,
929
1,485
Washington,
1,074
2,608
Madison,
316
1,886
Woodville,
486
1,662
Rice,
385
949
York,
1,301
2,319
Riley,
420
1,621
Population of Sandusky in 1830, 2,851 ; 1840, 10,184; 1860, 21,429 ; 1880, 32,057 ; of whom 22,312 were born in Ohio ; 2,247 Pennsylvania ; 1,474 New York ; 181 Indiana ; 140 Virginia ; 42 Kentucky ; 2,653 German Empire ; 569 Ireland ; 373 England and Wales ; 207 British America ; 197 France; 34 Scot- land, and 5 Norway and Sweden. Census, 1890, 30,617.
The signification of the name of this county has frequently been a matter of dispute. Jolin H. James, Esq., the American Pioneer, truly says :
I have a note of a conversation with Wil- liam Walker at Columbus, in 1835-6, at which time he was principal chief of the Wyandots at Upper Sandusky, in which I asked the meaning of the word Sandusky. He said it meant "at the cold water," and should be sounded San-doos-tee. He said it " carried with it the force of a preposition." The Upper Cold Water and the Lower Cold Water, then, were descriptive Indian names,
given long before the presence of the trader Sowdowsky. In the vocabulary of Wyandott words, given by John Johnston, Esq., form- erly Indian agent in Ohio, as printed in Archælogia Americana, vol. i., page 295, the word water is given Sa, un-dus-tee, and in page 297 he gives the name of Sandusky river as Sa, undustee, or water within water pools.
This region of country was once a favorite residence of the Indians. Hon. Lewis Cass, in his discourse before the Historical Society of Michigan, delivered September 18, 1829, gives some interesting statements respecting a tribe called " the Neutral Nation."
Upon the Sandusky river, and near where the town of Lower Sandusky now stands, lived a band of Wyandots, called the Neutral
Nation. They occupied two villages, which were cities of refuge, where those who sought safety never failed to find it. During the
SANDUSKY COUNTY.
197
long and disastrous contests which preceded and followed the arrival of the Europeans, in which the Iroquois contended for victory, and their enemies for existence, this little band preserved the integrity of their territories and the sacred character of peace-makers.
All who met upon their threshold met as friends, for the ground on which they stood was holy. It was a beautiful institution, a calm and peaceful island looking out upon a world of waves and tempests.
. The annexed is a note from the above.
This Neutral Nation, so-called by Father Seguard, was still in existence two centuries ago, when the Frenchi missionaries first reached the upper lakes. The details of their history, and of their character and privileges, are meagre and unsatisfactory ; and this is the more to be regretted, as such a sanctuary among the barbarous tribes is not only a singular institution, but altogether at variance with that reckless spirit of cruelty with which their wars are usually prosecuted. The Wyandott tradition represents them as having separated from the parent stock dur- ing the bloody wars between their own tribe and the Iroquois, and having fled to the Sandusky river for safety. That they here erected two forts, within a short distance of each other, and assigned one to the Iroquois and the other to the Wyandotts and their allies, where their war parties might find security and hospitality, whenever they en- tered their country. Why so unusual a pro- position was made and acceded to, tradition does not tell. It is probable, however, that superstition lent its aid to the institution, and that it may have been indebted for its origin to the feasts and dreams and juggling cere- monies which constituted the religion of the aborigines. No other motive was sufficiently powerful to restrain the hand of violence and to counteract the threat of vengeance.
An intestine feud finally arose in this Neu- tral Nation, one party espousing the cause of the Iroquois and the other of their enemies ; and like most civil wars, this was prosecuted with relentless fury. Our informant says that, since his recollection, the remains of a red cedar post were yet to be seen, where the prisoners were tied previously to being burned.
The informant above alluded to by Gov. Cass we have reason to believe was Major B.
F. Stickney, of Toledo, long an Indian agent in this region. That there may have been such a tradition among the Indians we are unable to gainsay, but of its truth we have doubts. Major Stickney, in a lecture (as yet unpublished). delivered Feb. 28, 1845, before the Young Men's Association, of Toledo, says :
"The remains of extensive works of defence are now to be seen near Lower Sandusky. The Wyandotts have given me this account of them. At a period of two centuries and a half' since, or more, all the Indians west of this point were at war with all the Indians cast. Two walled towns were built near each other, and each was inhabited by those of Wyandott origin. They assumed a neutral character, and the Indians at war recognized that character. They might be called two neutral cities. All of the west might enter the western city, and all of the east the east- ern. The inhabitants of one city might in- form those of the other that war parties were there or had been there ; but who they were, or whence they came, or any thing more, must not be mentioned. The war parties might remain there in security, taking their own time for departure. At the western town they suffered the warriors to burn their prisoners near it ; but the eastern would not. (An old Wyandott informed me that he rec- ollected seeing, when a boy, the remains of a cedar-post or stake, at which they used to burn prisoners. ) The French historians tell us that these neutral cities were inhabited, and their neutral character respected, when they first came here. At length a quarrel arose between the two cities, and one de- stroyed the inhabitants of the other. This put an end to all neutrality."
Fremont in 1846 .- Lower Sandusky [now Fremont], the county-seat, is twenty- four miles southwesterly from Sandusky city, and 105 west of north from Columbus. The annexed engraving shows the town as it appears from a hill northeast of it, on the opposite side of the river, near the residence of Mr. Jasper Smith, seen in front. On the left the bridge across the Sandusky river partially appears, and a little to the right of it Whyler's hotel. On the hill are shown the court-house, and the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Catholic churches.
The town stands at the head of navigation on the Sandusky, at the lower rapids, where the Indians had a reservation of two miles square, granted to them by the treaty of Greenville. It is said that at an early day the French had a trading-station at this point. Lower Sandusky contains 1 Episcopal, 1 Presby- terian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Catholic church, 2 newspaper printing-offices, 8 grocery and 11 dry goods stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 foundry, and had, in 1840, 1,117 inhabitants, and now has near 2,000. It is a thriving town, and consider-
1
1
198
SANDUSKY COUNTY.
.
able business is carried on. Its commerce is increasing. Small steamers and sail vessels constantly ply from here. The principal articles of export in 1846 were of wheat 90,000 bushels; pork, 560 barrels ; ashes, 558 casks; flour, 1,010 bar- rels ; corn, 18,400 bushels ; staves, 1,100,000; imports, 1,480 barrels of salt and 250 tons of merchandize. Immediately opposite Lower Sandusky, on the east bank of the river, is the small village of Croghansville, laid out in 1817, which in a general description would be included in the former .- Old Edition.
A REMINISCENCE.
A young man said to me on my original tour, in one of the interior towns, " There is an odd character here you ought to see. He writes humorous verses, is much of a wit, and is deserving of a place in your book." I replied, "Ohio has a good many odd people, and I have not time to give them all a call." The young man eventually moved to Cincinnati, became a member of its literary club, and I was associated with him for years, and learned to love and respect him. He was one of its most popular members, overflowing with good fellowship, cheery, fond of the humorous, and never known to get angry except in indignation at some vile project in view, or some oppressive aet committed upon the weak and helpless. In those days there was nobody around to tell him that he was to be- come three times Governor of Ohio and then President of the United States- RUTHERFORD B. HAYES.
I now regret I did not see that shrewd character, Judge Elisha W. Howland, that he wanted me to call upon ; but I here, at this late day, pay my respects to his memory.
Two or three years after my visit the name of the town was changed from Lower Sandusky to Fremont, in honor not of a then political character, but of the great Path Finder over "the Rockies." Mr. Hayes, as the lawyer for the peti- tion, presented it to court, and finished by offering the only remonstrance against the change. This was in the form of humorous versification, consisting of seven verses from Judge Howland, which Mr. Hayes read to the court, and I have no doubt with a gusto.
A REMONSTRANCE against a Petition to the County Court of Sandusky to alter the name of Lower Sandusky to that of Fremont, as read to the Court by MR. R. B. HAYES, Attorney for the Petition.
There is a prayer now going round Which I dislike to hear, To change the name of this old town I hold so very dear. ,
Then let us hand it down the stream Of Time to after ages, And Sandusky be the theme Of future bards and sages.
They pray the court to alter it, I pray to God they wont ; And let it stand Sandusky yet And not John C. Fremont.
Wont the old honest SAGUMS' rise, And say to us pale faces,
"Do you our ancient name despise, And change our resting-places ?
Sandusky is a pleasant name ; "Tis short and easy spoken ; Descending to us by a chain That never should be broken.
"Our fathers slumbered here ; Their spirits cry, ' Oh, don't Alter the name to us so dear And substitute Fremont !'"
Therefore my prayer shall still remain, Until my voice grows husky : Oh, change the PEOPLE, not the name Of my old home, Sandusky !
Fort Stephenson or Sandusky, so gallantly defended by Col. Croghan, on the 2d of August, 1813, against an overwhelming force of British and Indians, was within the present limits of the place. Its site is indicated by the flag on the left
M
Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.
LOWER SANDUSKY (NOW FREMONT) IN 1846. The site of Fort Stephenson is shown by the flag.
BIRCHARD LIBRARY AND SOLDIERS' MONUMENT.
On the site of Fort Stephenson, Fremont.
199-200
SANDUSKY COUNTY.
201
in the engraving, which is about thirty rods southeast of the court-house, on high ground, much elevated above the river. The fort enclosed about an acre of ground, and the picketing was in good preservation as late as 1834. We annex a narration of the assault on the fort from a published source.
British Manœuvres .- Having raised the siege of Camp Meigs, the British sailed round into Sandusky bay, while a competent number of their savage allies marched across through the swamps of Portage river, to co- operate in a combined attack on Lower San- dusky, expecting, no doubt, that Gen. Har- rison's attention would be chiefly directed to Forts Winchester and Meigs. "The general, however, had calculated on their taking this course, and had been careful to keep patrols down the bay, opposite the mouth of Port- age, where he supposed their forces would debark.
Retreat Ordered .- Several days before the British had invested Fort Meigs, Gen. Har- rison, with Major Croghan and some other officers, had examined the heights which sur- round Fort Stephenson ; and as the hill on the opposite or southeast side of the river was found to be the most commanding emi- nence, the general had some thoughts of re- moving the fort to that place, and Major Croghan declared his readiness to undertake the work. But the general did not authorize him to do it, as he believed that if the enemy intended to invade our territory again, they would do it before the removal could be com-
Landing
a
R
b
Bay
g
Plain
6
Cornfield
Advance
Ricer
of 200 Gr
.....
nadiers.
Prarie.
FORT SANDUSKY AND ENVIRONS : SCALE, 200 YARDS TO THE INCH.
[ References to the Environs .- a-British gun-boats at their place of landing. b-Cannon, a six-pounder. c-Mortar. d-Batteries e-Graves of Lient .- Col. Short and Lieut. Gordon, who fell in the ditch. ?- Road to Upper Sandusky. y -Advance of the enemy to the fatal ditch. i-Head of navigation.
OW.Il
-K
K
E
D
FORT SANDUSKY.
References to the Forl .- Line 1-Pickets. Line 2-Embankments from the ditch to and against the picket. Line 3-Dry ditch, nine feet wide by six deep. Line 4-Outward embankment or glacis. A-Block-honse first attacked by can- non, b. B-Bastion from which the ditch was raked by Croghan's artillery. C-Guard block- house, in the lower left corner. D -- Hospital during the attack. EE E-Military store-houses. F-Commissary's store-house. G-Magazine.
H-Fort gate. K K K-Wicker gates. L-Par- tition gate.
pleted. It was then finally concluded that the fort, which was calculated for a garrison of only 200 men, could not be defended against the heavy artillery of the enemy ; and that if the British should approach it by water, which would cause a presumption that they had brought their heavy artillery. the fort must be abandoned and burnt, provided a retreat could be effected with safety. In the orders left with Major Croghan it was stated, "Should the British troops approach you in force with cannon, and you ean dis- cover them in time to effect a retreat, you will do so immediately, destroying all the public stores."
"You must be aware that the attempt to retreat in the face of an Indian force would be vain. Against such an enemy your garri-
Sandusky
202
SANDUSKY COUNTY.
son would be safe, however great the num- ber. "
A Council of War .- On the evening of the 29th Gen. Ilarrison received intelligence, by express, from Gen. Clay, that the enemy had abandoned the siege of Fort Meigs ; and as the Indians on that day had swarmed in the woods round his camp, he entertained no doubt but that an immediate attack was in- tended either on Sandusky or Seneca. He therefore immediately called a council of war, consisting of McArthur, Cass, Ball, Paul, Wood, Hukill, Holmes and Graham, who were unanimously of the opinion that Fort Stephenson was untenable against heavy ar- tillery, and that as the enemy could bring with facility any quantity of battering cannon against it, by which it must inevitably fall, and as it was an unimportant post, containing nothing the loss of which would be felt by us, that the garrison should therefore not be re- inforced but withdrawn, and the place de- stroyed.
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