USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III > Part 70
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When the association of Revolutionary officers was organized for the purpose of locating and settling on bounty lands in the West, Dr. Cutler took an active part in the movement, and was one of a committee of five appointed to draft a plan of an association to be called the "Ohio Company." In 1787 he was appointed by the directors of the Ohio Company its agent to make a purchase of lands upon the Muskingum. In June, 1787, the Continental Congress being then in session in New York, he visited that city for the purpose of nego- tiating the purchase. It was while on REV. DR. MANASSEH CUTTLER. this mission to Congress that he visited Philadelphia and met Benjamin Franklin, who received him with great cordiality, and with whom he was much pleased. Their tastes and pursuits were very much alike.
While Dr. Cutler's mission to Congress was for the purchase of lands for the Ohio Company, the purchase was dependent upon the form of government of the territory in which those lands lay, and Dr. Cutler's energies were as much engaged in the provisions of the ordinance then before Congress for the government of the Northwest Territory as in the purchase. He was eminently fitted, both by nature and acquirements, for the great diplomatic work required of him, and was so snc- cessful that he united the discordant elements so as to make possible the enacting of those wise and beneficent measures relating to education, religion and slavery in the ordinance that was passed by Congress July 13, 1787. Having arranged the purchase of lands for the Ohio Company, he returned to his home.
In December, 1787, the first company of men under Gen. Rufus Putnam set ont for the Muskingum, and arrived at Marietta April 7, 1788. The following July Dr. Cutler started in his sulky to visit the new settlement, and arrived there August 19th after a journey of 750 miles, which he accomplished in twenty-nine
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days. He was present at the opening of the first court in the Northwest Territory, and was greatly interested in the ancient carthworks in the vicinity of Marietta. After a short time he returned to New England, and, although he contemplated removing with his family to the new settlement, he found it would require too great sacrifices, and abandoned the project.
In 1795 he was tendered a commission as Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territory, but declined it. In the fall of 1800 he was elected as a Federalist to Congress, and after serving two terms declined a re-election. HOPE: was elected a member of the American Academy in 1791, and contributed a num- ber of scientific papers to its " proceedings."
Felt's History of Ipswich, Mass., says : "In person Dr. Cutler was of light complexion, above the common stature, erect and dignified in his appearance. His manners were gentlemanly ; his conversation easy and intelligent. As an adviser he was discerning and disercet. .. . His mental- endowments were high."
" The Life, Journal and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL.D.," prepared by his grandchildren, Wm. P. Cutler and Julia P. Cutler, and published in two volumes by Robert Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, is a most valuable history of the inception of Ohio.
Although Dr. Cutler never settled in Ohio, three of his sons, Ephraim, Jervis and Charles, were residents.
CHARLES CUTLER was born March 26, 1773 ; graduated at Harvard in 1793; taught the South Latin School, Boston ; served in the army two years; then studied law, and came to Ohio in 1802 on account of ill health. He. taught school at Ames ; among his pupils was Thomas Ewing. He died at the age of thirty-two.
JERVIS CUTLER was born in Edgartown, Mass., September 19, 1768 ; died in Evansville, Ind., June 25, 1844. He came to Ohio with the band of pioneers led by Gen. Rufus Putnam, and on April 7, 1788, cut the first tree on the present site of Marietta. He was for a time an officer in the army, and in 1808 was stationed at Newport Barracks.
Maj. Cutler learned the art of engraving. In a letter to a friend he says : "I had not tools to work with, and never saw an engraver at work in my life." In 1824, while in Nashville, Tenn., he pursued the profession of an engraver, and was employed to engrave plates for banknotes in Tennessee and Alabama. He was a man of much versatility of talent, and a great taste for the fine arts.
In 1812 he published a "Topographical Description of the State of Ohio, . Indiana Territory and Louisiana.". The view of Cincinnati in 1810, in our work, is copied from one in that.
Ephraim Cutler, eldest son of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL. D., was born April . 13, 1767. He was brought up at Killingly, Connecticut, by his grandfather, Hezekiah Cutler, a man of sterling integrity and patriotism, who at his death made him sole legatee of his estate. At the age of twenty, April 8, 1787, he married Leah, daughter of Ebenezer Attwood. Having three shares in the Ohio Company's purchase, he left Killingly for the West, June 15, 1795, and arrived at Marietta, September 18 of that year. Two of his children died on the way.
He settled at Waterford, on the Muskingum, and engaged in mercantile busi- ness until May, 1799, when he removed to his land on Federal creek, where he owned 1,800 aeres, and opened a farm and built a mill. He was appointed by Gov. St. Clair judge of the Court of Common Pleas, justice of the peace, captain and afterward major of the militia. He was a member of the Territorial Legis- lature, and also of the Convention which formed in 1802 the Constitution of Ohio, and to him belongs the honor of introducing into it the section which excluded slavery from the State.
In 1806 he established his family ou the bank of the Ohio, six miles below
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Marietta, where his wife died at the age of forty-two years, leaving four children. He married, April 13, 1808, Sally, daughter of William Parker, of New- buryport, Mass., by whom he had five children.
Judge Cutler became a trustee of the Ohio University at Athens in 1820, and 3 was unceasing in his efforts to promote the prosperity of that institution. He served in the State Legislature as representative or senator, from 1819 to 1825, and was known there as the friend and advocate of common schools, introducing into that body in 1819 the first bill for their regula- tion and support, and as the author of the ad valorem system of taxation which was the foundation of the credit of the States, enabling her to make canals and other improvements. In 1839 he represented his Congressional district in the Whig Convention at Harrisburg, Pa., when . Gen. Wm. H. Harrison was nominated for the Presidency. He was a ruling elder for many years, and twice a delegate to the General Assembly of the Presby- JUDGE EPHRAIM CUTLER. terian Church in the United States. He died peacefully at his home, July 8, 1853, aged eighty-six years.
ABRAHAM WHIPPLE was born in Providence, R. I., September 16, 1733 ; died in Marietta, O., May 29, 1819. Early in life he commanded a vessel in the West Indian trade, but during the old French war of 1759-60 he became captain of the privateer "Gamecock," and captured twenty-three French vessels in a single cruise. In June, 1772, he commanded the volunteers that took and burned the British revenue schooner " Gaspe " in Narragansett bay. This was the first popular uprising in this country against a British armed vessel.
In June, 1775, Rhode Island fitted out two armed vessels, of which Whipple was put in command, with the title of commodore. A few days later he chased a tender of the British sloop " Rose," off the Conanieut shore, capturing her after sharp firing. In this engagement. Whipple fired the first shot of the Revolution on the water. Ile was appointed captain of the " Columbus " on December 22, 1775, and afterward of the schooner " Providence," which captured more British prizes than any other American vessel ; but she was finally taken, and Whipple was placed in command of a new frigate of the same name, in which, when Nar- ragansett bay was blockaded by the British in 1778, he forced his way, in a dark and stormy night, through the enemy's fleet by pouring broadsides into it and sinking one of their tenders. At that time he was bound for France with im- portant despatches that related to a treaty between the United States and that government, and after a snecessful voyage he returned in safety to Boston.
In July, 1779, while commanding the " Providence " as senior officer, and with two other ships, he attacked a fleet of English merchantmen that were under the convoy of a ship-of-the-line and some smaller cruisers. He captured eight prizes and sent them to Boston. The value of these ships exceeded $1,000,000. In 1780 he went to Charleston, S. C., in an endeavor to relieve that city, which at that time was besieged by the British ; but he was captured and held a prisoner until the close of the war. He subsequently became a farmer at Cranston, R. I., but in 1788 he connected himself with the Ohio Company, and settled at Marietta. -Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography.
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BENJAMIN TUPPER was born in Stoughton, Mass., in August, 1738 ; died in Marietta, O., in June, 1792. He served in the French war of 1756-63 and was in the field the whole of the Revolutionary war. In Angust, 1776, he commanded the gunboats and galleys on the North river. He served under Gen. Gates at Saratoga, was at the battle of Mon- mouth in 1788, and was brevetted a general before the war closed. In 1785 he was ap- pointed one of the surveyors of the North- west Territory. With Gen. Rufus Putnam he originated the Ohio Land Company.
In 1786 he took an active part in suppress- ing Shay's rebellion. Early in 1788 he re- moved to Marietta with his family, and that of his son-in-law, Ichabod Nye, reaching there 19th August, 1788. These families and those of Col. N. Cushing and Maj. Goodale, who accompanied them, were the first families to settle in what is now the State of Ohio.
.Gen. Tupper was appointed Judge of the Common Pleas in September, 1788, and, with Gen. Putnam, held the first court in the Northwest Territory.
The following entry in Dr. Cutler's journal indicates that Gen. Tupper was the real in- ventor of the screw propeller : "Friday, August 15, 1788. This morning we went pretty early to the boat. Gen. Tupper had mentioned to me a mode for constructing a machine to work in the head or stern of a boat instead of oars. It appeared to me highly probable it might succeed. I there- fore proposed that we should make the ex- periment. Assisted by a number of people, we went to work, and constructed a machine in the form of a screw with short blades, and placed it in the stern of the boat, which we turned with a crank. It succeeded to ad- nriration, and I think it a very useful discov- ery."-Life of Rev. Manassch Cutler.
MAJOR ANSELM TUPPER, son of Gen. Benjamin Tupper, was born in Easton, Mass., October 11, 1763. In 1779, at the age of sixteen, he was appointed adjutant of Col. Ebenezer Sproat's regiment, which, was engaged at Trenton, Princeton and Mon- month. He served through the war, and was a member of the Society of Cincinnati. In 1786 he was with his father in the survey of the seven ranges, and when the Ohio Company was formed he became a share- holder and was engaged by them as a sur- veyor, and "arrived at Marietta in the com- pany of forty-eight, April 7, 1788." At the organization of the military companies at Marietta, in 1789, under Col. Sproat, + "Anselm Tupper was appointed post-major, and had command of Campins Martius dur- ing the war." That winter he taught school in one of the block-houses of the fort. was the secretary of the Union Lodge of Free Masons, before whom he delivered an address on St. John's day, 1790. Maj. Tupper was a brilliant man and a favorite in society. Hle died, ummarried, at Marietta, December 25, 1808 .- The Founders of Ohio.
MAJOR WINTHROP SARGENT was born in
Gloucester, Mass., May 1, 1753 ; graduated at Harvard in 1771. He served in the Revo- lutionary war. As secretary of the Ohio Company, he was associated with Dr. Cutler in the purchase of the lands. He removed to Marietta in 1788, having been appointed secretary of the Northwest Territory. Ho served as adjutant-general to St. Clair's army in 1791, and was severely wounded. He was also adjutant-general to Gen. Wayne in 1794. In 1798 he removed to Natchez, having re- ceived the appointment of Governor of the Mississippi Territory. He died June 3, 1820, while on a voyage to Philadelphia.
COL. EBENEZER SPROAT was born in Mid- dleborough, Mass., in 1752 ; 'died in Marietta, Ohio, in Feb., 1805. He served through the war of the Revolution, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. At the close of the war he married Catharine, daughter of Commo- dore Whipple. Ile came to Marietta with the first party as one of the Ohio Company surveyors. Was the first colonel of militia commissioned in the Northwest Territory ; the first sheriff of Washington county, serving for fourteen years.
He was six feet four inches tall, and his commanding figure so impressed the Indians. that they called him "Hetuck " (Big Buck- eye).
MAJOR HAFFIELD WHITE was born in Dan- vers, Mass. At the close of the war of the Revolution he had attained the rank of major.
He was the head of the party of pioneers that left Danvers, Mass., Dee. 3, 1787. Dur- ing the first year at Marietta he acted as stew- ard for the Ohio Company. The next year. with Col. Robert Oliver and Capt. John Dodge, he erected the first mills built in Ohio, those at Wolf creek. He died Dec. 13, 1817.
CAPT. JONATHAN DEVOLL was born in T'iv- erton, R. I., in 1756. He was a skilful ship- carpenter, and superintended the building of the " Adventure Galley," or " Mayflower ; " also engaged on the construction of Campus Martius. Hle prepared the plans and directed the building of " Farmer's Castle ; " he con- structed the " floating mill."
In 1792 he built entirely out of red cedar a twelve-oared barge for the use of Gen. Put- nam, and in 1801 built a 400-ton ship, all of the wood used being black walnut. His me- chanical skill and ingenuity were of great ser- vice to the pioneers. His death occurred in 1824.
SAMUEL PRESTON HILDRETH was born in Methuen, Mass., Sept. 30, 1783; died in Marietta, Ohio, July 24, 1863. He received an academic education, studied medicine, and received his medical degree from the Medical Society of Massachusetts in 1805. He came to Ohio in 1806, settling at Belpre, but two years later removed to Marietta, where he ac- quired a large and successful practice, also serving in the legislature in 1810-11. At Marietta he began the first meteorological register in this State, which he kept for about fifty years. In 1837 he was a member of the geological survey of Ohio. Dr. Hildreth made collections in natural history and con-
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chology, which, together with his valuable scientifie library, he presented to Marietta College. During forty years he contributed to "Silliman's Journal" articles on meteo- rology, geology, botany and paleontology. He also devoted much study and labor to the antiquities and to the pioneer history of Ohio. A large amount of valuable history has been preserved through his writings.
DR. SAMUEL P. HILDRETH.
Col. Charles Whittlesey writes of him : "Dr. Hildreth had not a robust, physical constitution, but this did not prevent au act- ive life, from youth to old age. His manners were characterized by never failing good hu- mor. In his extensive journeys on horseback among the frontier settlers they only recog- nized an early settler like themselves with the barren title of doctor. But he observed and noticed everything that came within the range of a capacious mind. It was by this quiet faculty, and by the lapse of time, that he concentrated knowledge on various subjects, most of which was original, and in addition to that of the books of his era. Without brilliancy or ambition, by persistent labor he left a deep, clearly cut impress upon a great State during the first half century of its growth."
Chief among his publications are " Pioneer History " (Cincinnati, 1848) ; "Lives of the Early Settlers of Ohio " (1852) ; "Contribu- tions to the Early History of the Northwest " (1864), and " Results of Meteorological Ob- servations Made at Marietta in 1826-59," reduced and discussed by Chas. A. Schott in "Smithsonian Institution's Contributions to Knowledge " (1870).
SALA BOSWORTH was born in Halifax, Mass., Sept. 15, 1805, and when a child of eleven years came to this county. He stud- ied painting in Philadelphia, and was the artist to whom the public are indebted for the portraits of Gen. Rufus Putnam, Judge Ephraim Cutler, Col. Joseph Barker and
many others of the pioneers. The pictures of " Campus Martins, " " Farmer's Castle at Belpre, " " Wolf Creek Mills," " The Blen- nerhassett Mansion " and " Marietta at the Point in 1792," originally published in " Hil- dreth's Pioneer History," and in mmerons other works, were all copies from his drawings, made from data supplied to him from the pioneers. He held various public offices, as county auditor, postmaster at Marietta un- der Lincolu. He died Dec. 22, 1890, in his eighty-sixth year. Ile was gentle, unselfish and much beloved. He left a widow, a daughter, Mrs. Dawes, the wife of Maj. E. C. Dawes, and a sou, Mr. C. HI. Bosworth, Vice-President Illinois H. & S. R. R. Co.
ISRAEL WARD ANDREWS was born in Dan- bury, Conn., Jan. 3, 1815. He graduated at Williams College in 1837, and taught an academy at Lee, Mass., for one year, when he was appointed tutor at Marietta College, Ohio.
In April, 1839, he was elected professor of mathematics, and upon the resignation of Dr. Smith in 1855 became the president of the college. In his administration of the affairs of the college he was eminently successful, not only as an educator, but in its financial affairs as well. One whom he taught has written :
"Dr. Andrews had no superior as an in- structor and disciplinarian. He was one of the ablest mathematicians of the day, and before a college class he was an inspiration. No one of the five or six hundred graduates of Marietta College can ever forget his per- spicuous, forcible and exhaustive methods in
REV. DR. I. W. ANDREWS.
the class-room. The dullest and most diffi- dent student was made at case, and tanght to express in the best way what he knew, and, in addition, every student was instructed in what he did not know."
Throughout his long service of thirty years as President of Marietta College Dr. Andrews
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was a hard student, giving to every subject thorough 'and careful investigation, His published writings are forceful, clear and concise, and marked by careful thought and deep research into every particular of the subject in hand. His " Manual of the Con- stitution " has been widely adopted as a text- book for instruction in the principles of the American government,
Ilis investigations and contributions to current magazines, on the history of the Northwest Territory and early Ohio history, are extensive and of great value.'
Dr. Andrews was one of the chief pro- moters of the celebration of Ohio's centennial in 1888, but died in Hartford, Conn., a few days later, April 18th, without having been able to participate in the patriotie celebrations he had labored so ardently to make successful.
WILLIAM P. CUTLER, son of Judge Ephraim Cutler, and grandson of Dr. Manas- seh Cutler, was born in Warren township, Washington county, Ohio, July 12, 1812. Ile entered Ohio University in the class which graduated in 1833, but ill health obliged him to leave college during his junior year. Ile was thrice elected to the Ohio legislature, acting as speaker in the session of 1846-47. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1851. In 1860 was elected to Congress. His congressional career is marked for his strong denunciation of slavery. Mr. Cutler was a prime mover in the development of the railroad system of: southeastern Ohio, His career was active and of great usefulness to the community in which he dwelt. Every publie measure for the advancement of its interests found in him a leader. Mr. Cutler married, Nov. 1, 1849, Elizabeth Voris, daughter of Dr. William Voris. His death occurred in 1889.
GEN. JOHN EATON was born in Sutton, N. H., Dee. 5, 1829. He graduated at Dart- month College in 1854, and for two years was principal of a school in Cleveland, Ohio ; su- perintendeut of schools of Toledo, Ohio, 1856-9.
Hle then studied for the ministry, and was ordained by the presbytery of Mamince, Ohio, in Sept., 1861. He entered the army as chap- lain of the 27th O. V. I. In Oct., 1863, he was appointed colonel of the 63d U. S. Colored Infantry, and received the brevet of brigadier- general in March, 1865. After the war he settled in Tennessee, became editor of the Memphis Post, and was elected State super- intendent of public schools in 1866. He was appointed U. S. commissioner of education in 1870, and served in that capacity until Aug., 1886, when he became president of Marietta College. The following is from Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biogra- phy :
The Bureau of Education, at the time of his appointment, had but two clerks, not over a hundred volumes belonging to it, and no museum of educational illustrations and ap- pliances ; but when he resigned there were thirty-eight assistants, and a library including 18,000 volumes and 47,000 pamphlets. Gen.
Eaton represented the Department of the Interior at the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia in 1876. He was chief of the department of education for the New Orleans Exposition, and organized that vast exhibi- tion ; was president of the International Cou- gress of Education held there, and vice- president of the International Congress of Education held in Havre, France. He re- ceived the degree of Ph. D. from Rutgers in 1872, and that of LL. D. from Dartmouth in"%. 1876. Gen. Eaton is a member of many learned associations, and has published nu- merous addresses and reports on education and the public affairs with which he has been connected."
BENJAMIN DANA FEARING, grandson of - Hou. Paul Fearing, the first lawyer of the Northwest Territory, was born in Harmar, Ohio, Oct. 13, 1837, and died there Dec. 9, 1881. He graduated at Marietta College in 1856.
In April, 1861, he enlisted in the 2d O. V. I., and took part in the battle of Bull Run. On Dee. 17th he was made major of the 77th Ohio, which, under his fearless leadership, distinguished itself by couspienous gallantry at the battle of Shiloh. On March 22, 1863, he was promoted to a coloneley. At Chicka- manga he again distinguished himself by his superior courage, and was severely wounded in this battle.
In March, 1864, he returned to his regi- ment, and in December was brevetted briga- dier-general for "gallant and meritorious services during the campaign from Chatta- nooga to Atlanta, and from Atlanta to Sa- vannah." He commanded a brigade in Sherman's march to the sea, and was again wounded at Bentonville, where he led a glorious charge that "probably turned the fortunes of the day."
After the war he engaged in business in Cincinnati, but was compelled to withdraw from active life on account of precarious health resulting from his wounds. He re- turned to his old home in Harmar, where the last years of his life were spent in literary pursuits.
RUFUS R. DAWES was born in Marietta, Ohio, July 4, 1838 ; gradnated at Marietta College in 1860. The beginning of the war found him in Juneau county, Wis. Ile at once raised a company, and May 13, 1861, was commissioned captain of Company K, 6th Wisconsin. Capt. Dawes served with this regiment throughout the war, assuming command of it in May, 1864. Col. Dawes regiment had very severe service, and par- ticipated in a large number of engagements. Only nine regiments in the war suffered greater loss in killed and wounded. Col. Dawes was mustered out Ang. 10, 1864, by reason of expiration of service. March 13, 1865, he was commissioned brevet brigadier- general. Gen. Dawes married. Jan. 18, 1864, Mary B. Gates, danghter of Beman Gates, of Marietta. In 1880 he was elected to Con- gress, and has since been prominently men- tioned as the candidate of the Republican
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party for the governorship of Ohio. Brevet Lient .- Col. E. C. Dawes, Commander Ohio Commandery Loyal Legion U. S., is a brother.
FRANCES DANA GAGE was born in Mari- etta, Ohio, Oct. 12, 1808, and died in Green- wich, Conn., Nov. 10, 1884. Her father, Col. Joseph Barker, was one of the early settlers of Marietta. The following sketch of Mrs. Gage's career is from Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography :
" Miss Barker married, in 1829, James L. Gage, a lawyer of McConnellsville, Ohio. She early became an active worker in the temperance, anti-slavery and woman's rights movements, and in 1851 presided over a woman's rights convention in Akron, Ohio, where her opening speech attracted much attention. She removed in 1853 to St. Louis, where she was often threatened with violence on account of her anti-slavery views, and twice suffered from incendiarism. In 1857-58 she visited Cuba, St. Thomas and Santo Domingo, and on her return wrote and lec- tured on her travels. She afterward edited an agricultural paper in Ohio ; but when the civil war began she went south, ministered to the soldiers, taught the freedmen, and, with- out pay, acted as an agent of the sanitary commission at Memphis, Vicksburg and Nat- chez. In 1863-64 she was superintendent, under Gen. Rufus Saxton, of Paris Island, S. C., a refuge for over 500 freedmen. She was afterward erippled by the overturning of a carriage in Galesburg, Ill., but continued to lecture on temperance till Aug., 1867, when she was disabled by a paralytic shock. Mrs. Gage was the mother of eight children, all of whom lived to maturity. Four of her sons served in the National Army in the civil war. Mrs. Gage wrote many stories for children, and verses. under the pen name of 'Aunt Fanny.' She was an early contributor to the Saturday Review, and published 'Poems' (Philadelphia, 1872) ; 'Elsie Magoon, or The Old Still-House' (1872) ; 'Steps Up- ward ' (1873) ; and 'Gertie's Sacrifice.' "
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