Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III, Part 61

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Columbus, Ohio : Henry Howe & Son
Number of Pages: 1200

USA > Ohio > Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III > Part 61

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Benham afterwards served in the North- west throughout the whole of the Indian war -accompanied the expeditions of Harmar and Wilkinson-shared in the disaster of St. Clair and afterwards in the triumph of Wayne.

Lebanon, the county-seat, is pleasantly located in the beautiful Turtle creek valley. The first one hundred lots of the town were surveyed in September, 1802, by Ichabod B. Halsey, on the lands of Ichabod Corwin, Ephraim Hatha- way, Silas Hurin and Samuel Manning. On the organization of the county, six months later, it was made the seat of justice.

The town was laid out in a forest of lofty trees and a thick undergrowth of spice-bushes. At the time of the survey of the streets, it is believed that there

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WARREN COUNTY.

were but two houses on the town-plat. The one first erected was a hewed log- house, built by Ichabod Corwin in the spring of 1800. It stood near the centre of the town-plat, on the east of Broadway, between Mulberry and Silver streets, and, having been purchased by Ephraim Hathaway, with about ten acres sur- rounding it, became the first tavern in the place. The courts were held in it dur- ing the years 1803 and 1804. This log-house was a substantial one, and stood until about 1826. The town did not grow rapidly the first year. Isaiah Morris. afterward of Wilmington, came to the town in June, 1803, three months after it had been made the temporary seat of justice. He says: "The population then consisted of Ephraim Hathaway, the tavern-keeper; Collin Campbell, Joshua Collett and myself." This statement, of course, must be understood as referring, to the inhabitants of the town-plat only. There were several families residing' in the near vicinity, and the Turtle creek valley throughout was perhaps at this time more thickly settled than any other region in the county .. The log-house of Ephraim Hathaway was not only the first tavern, under the sign of a black horse, and the first place of holding courts, but Isaiah Morris claims that in it he, as clerk for his uncle, John Huston, sold the first goods which were sold in Lebanon. Ephraim Hathaway's tavern had, for a time at least, the sign of a Black Horse. At an carly day the proprietor erected the large brick building still standing at the northeast corner of Mulberry and Broadway, where he continued the business. This building was afterward known as the Hardy House.

Samuel Manning, about 1795, purchased from Benjamin Stites the west half of the section on which the court-house now stands, at one dollar per acre. Henry Taylor built the first mill near Lebanon, on Turtle creek, in 1799:

The first school-house was a low, rough log-cabin, put up by the neighbors in a few hours, with no tool but the axe. It stood on the north bank of Turtle creek, not far from where the west boundary of Lebanon now crosses Main street. The first teacher was Francis Dunlevy, and he opened the first school in the spring of 1798. Some of the boys who attended his school walked a distance of four or five .. miles. Among the pupils of Francis Dunlevy were Gov. Thomas Corwin, Judge George Kesling, Hon. Moses B. Corwin, A. H. Dunlevy, William Taylor (after- ward of Hamilton, Ohio), Matthias Corwin (afterward clerk of court), Daniel Voorhis, John Sellers and Jacob Sellers.

The first lawyer was Joshua Collett, afterward Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, who came to Lebanon in June, 1803. The first newspaper was started in 1806 by John McLean, afterward Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court. The first court-house was a two-story brick building on Broadway, thirty-six feet square, erected in 1805, at a cost of $1,450. The lower story was the court-room, and was paved with brick twelve inches square and four inches thick. The proceeds of each alternate lot in the original town-plat were donated to aid in the erection of this court-house. In this quaint old building Corwin and MeLean made their earliest efforts at the bar, and Francis Dunlevy, Joshua Collett and Geo. J. Smith sat as president judges under the first Constitution of Ohio. (It was destroyed by. ... fire September 1, 1874.) The Lebanon Academy was built in 1844.

Lebanon in 1846 .- Lebanon, the county-seat, is twenty-eight miles northeast of Cincinnati, eighty southwest of Columbus, and twenty-two south of Dayton,.,. in a beautiful and fertile country. Turnpikes connect it with Cincinnati, Dayton and Columbus. It is also connected with Middletown, nineteen miles distant, by the Warren County Canal, which, commencing here, unites there with the Miami Canal. The Little Miami Railroad runs four miles cast of Lebanon, to which it is contemplated to construct a branch. The Warren County Canal is supplied by a reservoir of thirty or forty acres north of the town. Lebanon is regularly laid out in squares and compactly built. It contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Cumberland Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal Methodist and 1 Protestant Methodist church, 2 printing-offices, 9 dry goods and 6 grocery stores, 1 grist and 2 saw

LEBANON HOUSED

Drawn by Henry Howe in 1846.

CENTRAL VIEW, LEBANON.

Clauder, Photo., 1886.

CENTRAL VIEW, LEBANON.

435

.A.

437 GK

IVARREN COUNTY.

mills, 1 woollen manufactory, a classical academy for both sexes, and had, in 1840, 1,327 inhabitants .- Old Edition.

LEBANON, county-seat of Warren, about seventy miles southeast of Columbus, twenty-nine miles northeast from Cincinnati, on the P. C. & St. L. R. R. It is the seat of the National Normal University.

County Officers, 1888 : Auditor, Alfred HI. Graham ; Clerk, Geo. L. Schenck ; Commissioners, Nehemiah MeKinsey, Wm. J. Collett, James M. Keever; Cor- oner, George W. Carey ; Infirmary Directors, Henry J. Greathouse, Peter D. Hatfield, Henry K. Cain ; Probate Judge, Frank M. Cunningham ; Prosecuting Attorney, Albert Anderson ; Recorder, Charles H. Eulass; Sheriff, Al. Brant ; Surveyor, Frank A. Bone ; Treasurer, Charles F. Coleman. City Officers, 1888 : I. N. Walker, Mayor; S. A. Chamberlin, Clerk ; John Bowers, Marshal ; J. M. Oglesby, Treasurer. Newspapers : Gazette, Republican, R. W. Smith, editor and publisher ; Patriot, Democratic, T. M. Proctor, editor and publisher ; Western Star, Republican, William C. McClintock, editor and publisher. - Churches : 3 Baptist, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Catholic, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 African Methodist Episcopal, 1 German Lutheran. Bank : Lebanon National, Jolmn M. Haynor, president, Jos. M. Oglesby, cashier. Has no manufactures. Population, 1880, 2,703. School census, 1888, 853; J. F. Lukens, school superintendent.

Census, 1890, 3,174.

The National Normal University, of Lebanon, Ohio, Alfred Holbrook, pres- ident, is an educational institution that has met with a large measure of success. It is conducted as an independent institution, without aid from church or State. It is well equipped with suitable buildings, a fine large library, and an efficient corps of teachers, thirty-five in number. In 1889 the University had 1,940 male and 1,069 female students, and since its founding in 1855 has educated at a very small cost thousands who are now engaged as teachers in professions and in bus- iness in all parts of the country.

During the trial at Lebanon, in 1871, of McGehan, who was accused of the murder of a man from Hamilton named Myers, the Hon. Clement L. Vallandig- ham, who had been retained by the defence, accidentally shot himself. The acci- dent occurred on the evening of June 16, in one of the rooms of the Lebanon House. Mr. Vallandigham, with pistol in hand, was showing Gov. McBurney how Myers might have shot himself, when the pistol was discharged, the ball en- tering the right side of the abdomen, between the ribs. Mr. Vallandigham lived through the night and expired the next morning at ten o'clock.

In an old graveyard west of Lebanon were buried many early pioneers. Here are the graves of Judge Francis Dunlevy, Elder Daniel Clark, Judge Joshua Collett, Judge Matthias Corwin (the father of Gov. Corwin), and Keziah Corwin (grandmother of the governor). In this yard was buried a daughter of Henry Clay, the inscription upon whose tombstone is as follows : "In memory of Eliza H. Clay, daughter of Henry and Lucretia Clay, who died on the 11th day of August, 1825, aged twelve years, during a journey from their residence at Lex- ington, in Kentucky, to Washington City. Cut off in the bloom of a promising life, her parents have erected this monument, consoling themselves with the belief that she now abides in heaven."

Here lie the remains of four maiden sisters, instantly killed by lightning, as stated on an adjoining page.

Mary Ann Klingling, who bequeathed $35,000 to establish the Orphans' Home, one inile west of town, was buried here, and at her request no tombstone marks her grave. In the Lebanon Cemetery, northwest of the town, are the graves of Gov. Corwin and Gen. Durbin Ward.

Lebanon is proud as having been the home of Thomas Corwin. The mansion in which he lived is on its western edge, on the banks of a small stream, Turtle ereck, some two rods wido, now the residence of Judge Sage, of the U. S. District Court, his son-in-law.

Memory of ANN,

Memory of

ELIZABETH,

MARY,

SARAH,

Daughter of

Henry and Elizabeth

HARNER,

Who died May 30,

1841,

Aged 27 years, 3 months,

Aged 35 years, 6 months,

Aged 38 years, 2 months,

Aged 40 years, 7 months,

and 26 days.

and 18 days.

and 28 days.

and 14 days.

MONUMENTS IN MEMORY OF FOUR MAIDEN SISTERS KILLED BY LIGHTNING.

They stand side by side in the old burial-ground west of Lebanon. They lived in a log-house of four rooms, half a mile west of the town, and each was in a separate room at the time of the destructive bolt, and all instantly killed.

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WARREN COUNTY.

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Clauder, Photo., 1886.

THE CORWIN MANSION.

THO CORWIN

Clauder, Photo.

THE DOOR-KNOCKER. 439 440

THOMAS CORWIN.

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WARREN COUNTY.

As I approached the spot not a soul was in sight. I came to the broad door of the mansion, and there faced me a huge brass knocker, on which was engraved THOMAS CORWIN. A. quarter of a century has passed, and of all those who have come since and grasped that knocker not one has inquired for Thomas Corwin. The heart of every one has answered as he read-" dead ! " The sight affects as a funeral crape ; nay more. It is not only an emotion of melancholy that comes with the sight of that name, but one of sublimity in the comprehension of the character that appears to the vision.

Corwin was the one single, great brave soul who, on the floor of Congress, dared to warn his countrymen, in words of solemn eloquence, from pursuing "a flagrant, desolating war of conquest " against a half-civilized, feeble race. He implored them "to stay the march of misery." No glory was to be attained by such a war. "Each chapter," said he, " we write in Mexican blood may close the volume of our history as a free people."

To the plea that the war must be continued because we wanted more room, more territory for our increasing population, he replied: "The Senator from Michigan (Mr. Cass) says we will be two hundred millions in a few years, and we want room. If I were a Mexican, I would tell you, 'Have you not room in your own country to bury your dead men ? If you come into mine, we will greet you with bloody hands, and welcome you to hospitable graves.' "

Then he warned them of the inevitable consequences of the war; the acquisi- tion of new Territories ; a fratrieidal war between the forces of Slavery and the forces of Freedom for the right to enter and possess the land. His closing words were as follows :

Should we prosecute this war another moment, or expend one dollar more for the purchase or conquest of a single acre of Mexican land, the North and the South are brought into collision on a point where neither will yield. Who can foresee or fore- tell the result? Who so bold or reckless as to look such a conflict in the face unmoved ? I do not envy the heart of him who can real- ize the possibility of such a conflict without emotions too painful to be endured. Why then shall we, the representatives of the sovereign States of this Union-the chosen guardians of this confederated Republic- why should we precipitate this fearful strug- gle, by continuing a war the results of which must be to force us at once upon it ? .

Sir, rightly considered, runs is treason ; treason to the Union ; treason to the dearest interests, the loftiest aspirations, the most cherished hopes of our constituents. It is a crime to risk the possibility of such a contest. It is a crime of such infernal hue that every other in the catalogue of iniquity, when com- pared with it, whitens into virtue.

Oh, Mr. President, it does seem to me, if hell itself could yawn and vomit up the fiends that inhabit its penal abodes, commissioned to disturb the harmony of the world, and dash the fairest prospect of happiness that ever allured the hopes of men, the first step in the consummation of this diabolical pur- pose would be, to light up the fires of internal war, and plunge the sister States of this

Union into the bottomless gulf of civil strife !

We stand this day on the crumbling brink of that gulf-we see its bloody eddies wheel- ing and boiling before us. Shall we not pause before it be too late ? How plain again is here the path, I may add, the only way of duty, of prudence, of true patriotism. Let us abandon all idea of acquiring further ter- ritory, and by consequence cease at once to prosecute this war.

Let us call home our armies, and bring them at once within our acknowledged limits. Show Mexico that you are sincere when you say that you desire nothing by conquest. She has learned that she cannot encounter you in war, and if she had not, she is too weak to disturb you here. Tender her peace, and, my life on it, she will then accept it. But whether she shall or not, you will have peace without her consent. It is your inva- sion that has made war; your retreat will restore peace.

Let us then close forever the approaches of internal feud, and so return to the ancient concord, and the old way of national pros- perity and permanent glory. Let us here, in this temple consecrated to the Union, per- form a solemn histration ; let us wash Mex- ican blood from our hands, and on these altars, in the presence of that image of the Father of his country that looks down upon us, swear to preserve honorable peace with all the world, and eternal brotherhood with each other.

This great solemn appeal of Corwin fell upon dulled sensibilities. The greed of conquest had possession ; the popular ery was, "Our country, right or wrong."

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WARREN COUNTY.

It brought down upon him a torrent of execration from every low gathering of the unthinking, careless multitude. "To show their hate," to use his own words, uttered years later, he was "burned in effigy often, but not burned up." He lived on too high a plane of statesmanship for their moral comprehension. All he predicted came to pass. It was as a prophecy of great woe. The woe ensued. Half a million of young men, the flower of the land, perished ; and the Mexican war only ended with the surrender at Appomattox. Thenceforward could the old bell on Independence Hall, for the first time, truly ring forth, "Liberty throughout all the land." No thanks to those who brought the woe ; glory to those who fought for the bright end.

Mr. Corwin was a great man every way ; heavy, strong in person, with a large, benevolent, kindly spirit, and an intellect that illustrated genius. He was his own complete master; never lost himself in the crevices of his own ideas, but could at will summon every quality of his creative brain, and bring each to bear as the occasion seemed to demand. Like Lincoln, a great humorist, he was at heart a sad man ; and his jokes and witticisms were but used as a by-play, to re- lieve a mind filled with the sublimities and awe-inspiring questions that ever face humanity.

As his old age approached he thought his life had been a failure. Financially, existence had become a struggle ; his aspirations for a theatre for the exercise of a benevolent statesmanship had been denied, and he wrongfully aseribed his failure to his love of humor. That did not in the case of Lincoln injure him nor Corwin, and it never does where a great brain and a great soul are at the helm. Then truth often enters through a witticism when it is denied to an argu- ment.

On an occasion after observing in a then young speaker, Donn Piatt, a disposi- tion to joke with a crowd, he said : "Don't do it, my boy. You should remem- ber the crowd always looks up to the ringmaster and down on the clown. It resents that which amuses. The clown is the more clever fellow of the two, but he is despised. If you would succeed in life you must be solemn, solemn as an ass. All the great monuments of earth have been built over solemn asses."

Corwin did not practice as he preached, was better than his sermon, and when a witticism demanded utterance put on a lugubrious face and out it came. And then it was a joke and its echo, a double dose bringing laughter with each, the last laugh by the comical by-play of his countenance that invariably succeeded.

Witticisms are immortal. They never die ; are translated. Mark Twain's Jumping frog, Daniel Webster, however slow its motion, may by a century hence have digested his shot and hopped so far as to appear in Chinese literature ; be a delight to the Pig Tails.

Indeed, a crying demand exists for humor. Chauncey Depew presents one of his comic creations at a public dinner in New York, and the next morning number- less households have it in print at their breakfast tables, to help dispel the gloomy vapors of the night and start the new-born day in cheerfulness. Therefore, if anybody has anything extra good to say, it is their solemn duty to say it, irrespec- tive of their fears of dire disaster to themselves for the saying.

It was once my good fortune to hear Corwin speak in an open field to an as- semblage of his neighbors and friends, largely Warren county farmers; and a jolly, happy set of listeners they were. All knew him, and, it was evident, idolized him. Many had taken part in the old Whig campaign of '40, had helped to make him Governor, had sung :

"Tom Corwin, our true hearts love you ; Ohio has no nobler son,

In worth there's none above you."

And now had come the troubles connected with the introduction of slavery into Kansas, and it was these he was discussing.

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WARREN COUNTY.

In one place he made a comical appeal for the exercise of charity in our feelings to- ward our Southern brethren, that we should not cherish bitterness toward them because of slavery. "They were born into it ; never knew anything else. Think of that? Grown up with the black people, many had taken in their carliest nourishment from dusky foun- tains, kicking their little legs while about it, and it seemed to have quite agreed with them. Then as children they had played to- gether and had their ehild quarrels ; some- times it was young massa on top and at others pickaninny on top. Then they must remember the climate down there was dread- fully hot and enervating. Nobody loves to work there. Even some of you fellows up here in old Warren, I am sorry to say, seem to shirk work at every chance, and then you hang around the street corners and groan 'hard times.' This is what makes it so handy to have some other fellows around to do it for them-people of about my color." Corwin was of a dark, swarthy complexion, and it was common for him to allude to him- self as a black man, and then to pause, stroke his face, and look around upon the crowd with a eomieal expression that brought forth roars of laughter.

"Yes, people around of about my com- plexion ; when you want anything done, all you have to do is to yell, 'Ho ! Sambo,' and 'Sambo' answers, 'Comin' Massa,' and he comes grinning and does what you order. It may be you've dropped down on a lounge for an after-dinner nap, on a hot summer after- noon, your face all oozing a sticky sweat from the elose, horrid heat, and the flies are bother- ing you, and one particularly persistent old fly

has lit on your nose, has travelled from its starting-place at the top and finding the bridge a free bridge erossed it without paying any toll and is in the opening of the act of tickling your nostrils, gives a sudden jab- when it stings ; gracious me! Oh ! how it stings ! It is under that infliction after using, I fear, some swear words, that you have yelled, ' Ho ! Sambo, ho !' And then Sambo comes and he stands and waves over you, gently . waves, a long-handled brush of peacock feathers. It acts like a benign spirit of the air with its fanning wings. The flies vanish, the sweat dries, the locomotive starts slow -- whew ! whew ! whew !- then quick and away you go. You enter an elysium. Oh, it is very comfortable.

"No wonder our brethren down there love that sort of thing. Their ministers quote Scripture and say it is all right. Paul eomes. along and seems to help them out. Then the owning gives the owner consequence ; it is a sort of title of nobility. If to own a fine horse puffs up one of you folks up here, think how big you would feel to own a man, a eash article always at hand when one's hard up-a piekaninny $250, an old aunty $500, and a Sambo $1,000, that is if the prelimin- ary examination of Sambo's teeth and gums shows he has not aged too much. And now the question arises about allowing these Southern brethren of ours to take along to. the new lands which their arms have helped to obtain, their Sambos, old black nurses, and piekaninnies, so as to keep up the old style of family arrangements. It is a very troublesome question to discuss, but we must do it in all charity."

These were not his words nor illustrations, but about their spirit, as in my memory-the by-play of an carnest, judicial talk upon the great trouble that was setting the people North and South at loggerheads " befo' de wah."

An old-style door-knocker hanging from the door of an old family mansion ! What a sense of dignity it confers upon the spot, and what a history it could give if it could talk and tell of those who have come, the young and old, the rich and poor, and of their varied errands of sociality or business; if socially, what sort of a time they had ; if business, were they duns?

The very act of knocking is a prayer, a petition to enter ; and with it are two mysteries : " Who is that knocking at my door? " that is the inner mystery. " Who will answer my knock ? " that is the outer mystery. The echo of your own knock has come to you, so you know somebody must have heard it. The family may be away, and the only answer you get is, perhaps, from a little creature in the hallway who has flown up just behind the door, scratches it and gives a " bow-wow." Noah had no door-knocker to his mansion ; nor did our Buckeye pioneers. Their latch-strings were always out, it was but a pull and then came open hospitality. "Hospitality," said Talleyrand, " is a savage virtue," and the pioneers had it, too.

The door-knocker was a direct evolution from the earliest origin-knuckles- and now comes the button for a shove and its answering ting-a-ling.

When I lifted the old brass knocker, "Thomas Corwin," I felt it an honor ;

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WARREN COUNTY.

it did its duty nobly. Its echo had scarce come to me when the door opened and there stood a judge in the land, and he bade mne welcome. Judge Sage is genial.

The mansion was built, I think, about 1818, is venerable in its appearance and appointments. The judge took me into the "historie room," which is about twenty feet square and elegant for its day. The mantelpiece is of wood, painted white and elaborately carved by hand. Family portraits from the long ago hang from the walls, and among them, side by side, those of Mr. and Mrs. Corwin. " There," said the judge, " in front of their portraits is the spot where they stood when married." A few moments later he added, " In the room over this George Hunt Pendleton (Gentleman George) passed several days when an infant."

Of the many eminent characters in the palmy days of Mr. Corwin, as William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay, Thomas. Ewing, Judge Burnet, Bellamy Storer, Senator Crittenden, etc., who have enlivened this room by their presence no one now can tell, but socially with such a host it must have been a bright enjoyable spot in the town of Lebanon. The old-time people are gone. The place is silent. But as of yore the creek, Turtle creek, runs under the window, and in the seasons of the spring freshets, " the voice of the Turtle is still heard in the land," while the waters run to the sea.

Union Village, four miles west of Lebanon, is a settlement of Shakers, or, as they call themselves, " the United Society of Believers." They came here about

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Historical collections of Ohio in three volumes ; an encyclopedia of the state : with notes of a tour over it in 1886 contrasting the Ohio of 1846 with 1886-90, Vol. III, Part 61

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893 Publication date: 1891 Publisher: Columbus, Ohio : Henry Howe & Son Number of Pages: 1200

Author: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893
Publication date: 1891
Publisher: Columbus, Ohio : Henry Howe & Son
Number of Pages: 1200