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As soon as they were fairly lodged in the prison, Lee prevailed on the jailor to carry a note to Gen. Lincoln, informing him of his condition. The General received it as he was dressing in the morning, and immediately sent one of his aids to the jail. That officer could not believe his eyes that he saw Capt. Lee. His uniform, worn out when he assumed it, was now hanging in rags abont him, and he had not been shaved for a fortnight; he wished very naturally, to improve his appearance before presenting himself before the Secretary of War; but the orders were peremptory to bring him as he was. The General loved a joke full well; his laughter was hardly exceeded by the report of his own cannon; and long and loud did he laugh that day.
When Capt. Lee returned to Lancaster, he immedi- ately attempted to retrace the ground; and só accurate, under all the unfavorable circumstances, had been his investigation, that he brought to justice fifteen persons, who had aided in the escape of British prisoners. It is hardly necessary to say to those who know the fate of revolutionary officers, that he received for his hazardous, and effectual service, no reward whatever. P.
From the Journal of Health. MINUTES
OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES TEMPER- ANCE CONVENTION.
[Duly recorded and copied out by one of the Secretaries. ]
Pursuant to an invitation of the American Temper- ance Society, the delegates appointed by the several Temperance Associations in the United States, assem- bled in Convention at the Hall of Independence, in the city of Philadelphia, on the 24th day of May, 1833, with the view to consider the best means of extending, by a general diffusion of information, and the exertion of a kind and persuasive moral influence, the principle of abstinence from the use of Ardent Spirit throughout our country .
52
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.
[JULY
The Convention was organized by the appointment of the following officers:
President, Reuben H. Walworth, of the State of New York.
Vice Presidents, Roberts Vaux, of Pennsylvania; John Tappan, of Massachusetts; Timothy Pitkin, of Connecticut; Peter D. Vroom, of New Jersey; Judge Hall, of Delaware; John C. Herbert, of Maryland; Col. Lumpkin, of Georgia; William A. M'Dowell, of South Carolina.
Secretaries, Mark Doolittle, of Massachusetts; John Marsh, of Connecticut; John Wheelwright, of New York; Lyndon A. Smith of New Jersey; Isaac S. Loyd, of Pennsylvania; Judge Darling, of do .; Robert Breck- enridge of Maryland; Daniel W. Lathrop, of Ohio.
After supplication that the blessing of Almighty God might rest upon the labours of the Convention, and guide and direct it by his wisdom in all its deliberations, the Circular of the American Temperance Society call- ing the convention was read, setting forth the object for which it had assembled.
The names of the members from each state were then called, exhibiting in all 401.
Of whom 1 was from Maine, 5 from New Hampshire, 3 from Vermont, 21 from Massachusetts, 7 from Rhode Island, 15 from Connecticut, 65 from New York, 42 from New Jersey, 139 from Pennsylvania, 11 from De- laware, 24 from Maryland, 11 from Virginia, 4 from North Carolina, 1 from South Carolina, 3 from Geor- gia, 11 from Ohio, 11 from Kentucky, 3 from Tennes- see, 4 from Indiana, 6 from the District of Columbia, 3 from Michigan, 1 from Illinois, 1 from Missouri, and 1 from Alabama.
The room occupied by the Convention not being suf- ficiently large to accommodate its members, it was on motion-
Resolved, That Matthew Newkirk, Robert Earp and James Gray-be a committee to procure a more suita- ble place, and report to the present session.
Resolved, That all committees be appointed by the President.
Resolved, That a committee be now appointed, whose duty it shall be to prepare and digest business for the Convention, and report such subjects as in their opinion ought to claim its attention.
Resolved, That said committee consist of seven,-
Whereupon the following named gentlemen were ap- pointed :- Justin Edwards, of Massachusetts; Amos Twitchell, of New Hampshire; Charles Griswold, of Connecticut; Edward C. Delavan, of New York; Ger- ritt Smith, of do .; Hugh Maxwell, of do .; S. K. Tal- mage, of Georgia.
Resolved, That all motions be committed to writing and submitted without discussion to the committee to prepare business.
Resolved, That members of Congressional and State Legislative Societies be invited to a seat as honorary members of the Convention.
Resolved, That the deliberations of this body be each day opened with prayer.
The standing committee reported the following reso- lution, which, after amendment, was adopted.
Resolved, That the Convention meet each day during its session at 9 o'clock, A. M., adjourn at 1 o'clock P. M. and assemble again at half past 3 P. M.
The committee to provide a place for the meetings of the Convention-Report, that they have obtained the Fifth Presbyterian church, in Arch above Tenth street, whereupon it was
Resolved, That when this Convention adjourn, it ad- journ to meet at this place, whence it shall move in pro- cession, headed by its officers, to the place designated by the committee.
On motion adjourned.
Afternoon .- The Convention organized at the ap- pointed hour, and in pursuance of the resolution adopt.
ed at the former session, proceeded to the Fifth Presby- terian church.
The following resolutions reported by the standing committee were then considered and adopted with amendment.
Resolved, That no member of the Convention be al- lowed to occupy more than ten minutes in the remarks he may make before the Convention at any one time, and that he shall not be allowed to speak more than twice, on any subject or question without in either case obtaining the unanimous consent of the Conven- tion.
Resolved, That notice be given in the Churches and newspapers of Philadelphia, that a Temperance meet- ing will be held in the city next Monday at half past 7 o'clock, P. M. for the general attendance of the citi- zens and others.
The standing committee reported a series of resolu- tions, the following of which were severally considered, and after some amendments, adopted.
1. Resolved, That in our judgment it is the duty of all men to abstain from the use of ardent spirit, and from the traffic in it.
2. Resolved, That it is in our view expedient that all who are acquainted with this subject, unite with Temperance Societies.
3. Resolved, That we regard with peculiar satisfac - tion the formation of the American Congressional Tem- perance Society, and express our decided conviction that should similar societies be formed by the Legisla- tures of each State, they would greatly benefit our country and the world.
4. Resolved, That the regulation adopted by the Na- tional Government for discouraging the use of Ardent Spirit, in the Army and Navy of the United States, is a mark of wisdom and paternal care in the rulers of the people over the individuals employed in their service.
5. Resolved, That the abolition of the practice of furnishing merchant vessels with Ardent Spirit, or em- ploying men who drink it to navigate them, would great- ly promote the interests of the country.
6. Resolved, That Temperance Societies in all me- chanical and manufacturing establishments, while they would promote the pecuniary interest of all concerned in them, would also in various ways promote the good of the public.
7. Resolved, That the formation of a Temperance Society in each ward of every city, and in each district of every county and town in the United States, would tend powerfully to complete, and to perpetuate the Temperance reformation.
8. Resolved, That each State Society be requested to take the direction of the temperance cause within its own limits, and to employ one or more permanent agents, to visit periodically every part of the State, and to devote their whole time and strength to the promo- tion of this work.
9. Resolved, That each family in the United States be requested to furnish themselves with some temper. ance publication.
10. Resolved, That the increase of temperance gro- cers, public houses and steam-boats, in which Ardent Spirit is not furnished, is highly auspicious to the inter- est of our country, and that the friends of human hap- piness by encouraging such establishments in all suitable ways, till they shall become universal, will perform an important service to mankind.
11. Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to all emigrants who contemplate removing in a body from foreign countries to the United States, and also to those who contemplate removing from one part of our own country to another, before their removal to form them- selves into a Temperance Society.
On motion, Resolved, That the committee of arrange- ment appointed by the Pennsylvania State Temperance Society to provide for holding this Convention, be re-
53
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.
1833.]
quested to make suitable provision for the meeting to be held on Monday evening next.
Resolved, That the committee to prepare business, be appointed to provide speakers for the meeting on Monday evening.
Resolved, That the reporters of the daily papers of this city be allowed a convenient p'ace for the object in the Convention.
Resolved, That the Sexton of this church be appoint- ed doop-keeper to this Convention.
On motion adjourned.
SATURDAY, May 25th .- The Convention met at the stated hour, and was opened with prayer by Dr. Hewitt, of Connecticut.
The minutes of the preceding day were read, and with some alterations, approved.
On motion, Resolved, That the Secretaries have power to make such verbal corrections in the minutes and Re- solutions, as will best express their meaning.
The consideration of the remaining Resolutions re- ported by the committee at the former session was then resumed, and the following, after some amendments, adopted.
12. Resolved, That it be recommended to Temper- ance Societies and the friends of temperance of every description, to obtain as full and accurate statistics as possible, and embody them for the benefit of the com- munity in their Annual Reports-to be communicated at the simultaneous meetings-especially on the following points, viz:
What is the population?
What number belong to Temperance Societies?
How many have been added to them the past year? How many have renounced the traffic?
How many Groceries and how many Taverns in which Ardent Spirit is not sold?
How many continue to sell, and what quantity is now used?
How many drunkards have been reformed?
How many are now drunkards?
How many distilleries have been stopped, and low many are now in operation?
How many deaths is there reason to believe were caused by intemperance?
What proportion of pauperism and of crime is occa- sioned by strong drink?
How many criminals were committed the past year who drank no Ardent Spirit, and how many who did drink?
13. Resolved, That Temperance Societies and the friends of Temperance throughout the country, be re- quested to hold simultaneous meetings on the last Tues- day in February, 1834, to review what has been done during the past year, to consider what remains to be done, and to take such measures as may be suitable, by the universal diffusion of information and by kind moral influence, to extend and perpetuate the principles and the blessings of temperance, over our land.
14. Resolved, That a correspondence be opened with National Temperance Societiesand friends of tem- perance in other countries-for the purpose of procur- ing as far as practicable, meetings, at the same time, for the same purpose throughout the world.
15. Resolved, That Editors of papers and other periodicals who from time to time publish information on the subject of temperance are rendering important ser- vice to the cause, and should all Editors adopt and pur- sue a similar course, they would render themselves the benefactors of mankind.
16. Resolved, That the promptand united testimony of many physicians to the hurtful nature and destruc- tive tendency of Ardent Spirit has been a powerful auxiliary to the Temperance cause, and should that re- spectable and influential class of our citizens, all exert their influence to induce the whole community to ab- I ged-
stain from the use of it, they would render themselves still more eminently useful.
17. Resolved, That it is expedient that the friends of Temperance in all countries unite their counsels and their efforts to extend the principles of Temperance throughout the world.
18. Resolved, That the fundamental and highly salu- tary influence which the promotion of the cause of Tem- perance must have on the purity and permanence of ci- vil institutions, demand for it the countenance and ac- tive co-operation of every real patriot.
19. Resolved, That the influence of Temperance on the intellectual elevation, the moral character, the so- cial happiness, and the future prospects of mankind, is such as ought to obtain for it the cordial approbation and the united, vigorous and persevering efforts of all the philanthropic and humane, of every class, age, sex and country.
The committee further reported the following resolu- tion which was adopted, ~~
20. Resolved, That the associations of young men have been powerfulauxiliaries to the Temperance cause, and should all the young men in the United States, and especially in the literary Institutions, unite in Tem- perance Societies, they would render themselves bene- factors to our country and to the world.
The committee reported a resolution setting forth the object to be attained by Temperance Societies, which was under discussion, when the time having arrived, the Convention adjourned.
Afternoon .- The Convention assembled at the ap- pointed time-and resumed the consideration of the fol- lowing resolution, reported by the committee at the for- mer session-which, after deliberate examination, was unanimously adopted, -
21. Resolved, That as the sole object, of the Ameri- can Temperance Society and those numerous State, and other Temperance Societies, which have been formed in accordance with it, throughout our country, ever has heen, is now, and ever ought to be the promotion of Temperance,-to this object alone all their efforts ought to be invariably and perseveringly directed.
The committee reported the following resolutions, which were read and adopted, -
22. Resolved, That the Medical Profession be re- quested to inquire whether substitutes for alcohol may not be found, and its use be dispensed with in medical practice, and to give the results of their investigation to the public.
23. Resolved, That the influence of the female sex in favour of the Temperance cause, has had a highly salutary effect upon all classes in the community, and especially upon those who are the hope of future ge- nerations, the children and youth, and that should the in- fluence to which they are so justly entitled, be unit- edly and universally exerted in favour of this cause, they would do much to perfect and to perpetuate the moral renovation of the whole human family.
24. Resolved, That as the question has arisen among the friends of Temperance and Agricultural improve- ment, -What shall be done with surplus grains, provid- ed they are not converted into Ardent Spirit? The friends of human improvements be requested to inves- tigate this subject, and to present the results to the pub- lic through the medium of the press.
On motion, adjourned.
MONDAY MORNING, May 27th .- At a stated hour the Convention organized, and was opened by prayer by Christian Keener, of Maryland.
The minutes of the preceding day were read and ap- proved. Nicholas Deveraux, of New York, was ap- pointed a member of the committee to prepare business in the room of Hugh Maxwell, who has left the city.
The committee to invite members to address the meeting this evening-Report that they have enga-
54
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.
[JULY
G. S. Hillard, of Massachusetts; Thomas P. Hunt, of North Carolina; Thomas H. Stockton, of Maryland; Lumpkin, of Georgia; Nathaniel Hewitt, of Con- necticut.
The standing committee reported the following reso- lution-which was adopted,-
Whereas, it has been announced that Henry New- man, a delegate to this body from the British and For- eign Temperance Society, has arrived in this country, and expected to be at the Convention, but is providen- tially prevented, therefore, Resolved, That we cordial- ly reciprocate the fraternal kindness manifested by the British Foreign Temperance Society in the appointment of the above mentioned delegate, and express our earn- est desire and hope that the mutual confidence now sub- sisting between Temperance Societies in this and other countries may be perpetuated and increased, till intem- perance and its evils shall have ceased, and Temper- ance, with all its attendant blessings, shall universally prevail.
The President stated, that Stephen Van Renssalaer of the State of New York, had offered to defray the ex- pense of publishing 100,000 copies of the proceedings of the Convention for gratuituous distribution-where- upon it was unanimously
Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be pre- sented to Stephen Van Renssalaer, of the city of Alba- ny, and State of New York, for his liberality in propos- ing to defray the expenses of distributing 100,000 co- pies of the proceedings of this Convention.
Resolved, That the President and Vice Presidents be a committee to communicate to S. V. R. the foregoing resolution.
The standing committee reported the following reso- lution which was adopted,-
Resolved, That the formation within six years of more than 6,000 Temperance Societies, embracing more than a million of members, the relinquishment of the manu- facture of Ardent Spirit by more than 2,000 distilleries, and of the sale of it by more than 5,000 merchants, the banishment of the poison from the United States Army, and to a great extent from the Navy, the sailing of more than 700 vessels in which Ardent Spirit is not used, the hitherto unparalleled exhibition of more than 5,000 drunkards within five years ceasing to use intoxicating drinks, and becoming-as all drunkards if they take this course, will-sober men, and many of them highly respectable and useful men-the uniformn and universal progress of the Temperance Reformation, and wherever suitable means have been used for its advancement, are, it is believed, facts which call loudly for fervent grati- tude to the Author of all good, and for united and per- severing efforts on the part of its friends, to extend universally and to perpetuate the Temperance cause.
A Resolution reported by the standing committee on the subject of a General Union, which was laid on the table at a former session, was now taken up, and on motion-Resolved, That the same be referred to a com- mittee consisting of one member from each State re- presented in this body :- whereupon the following were appointed that committee, with instructions to sit imme- diately and report at the next session :-
Doolittle, of Massachusetts; Eli Ives, of Connecticut; Frederick A. Farley, of Rhode Island; John Wheel- wright, of New York; - - McLane of New Jersey; Isaac S. Loyd, of Pennsylvania; Thomas J. Higgins, of Delaware; Christian Keener, of Maryland; W. R. Col- lier, District of Columbia; Ephraim Addon, of Virgi- nia; Thomas P. Hunt, of North Carolina; Isaac W. Waddell, of South Carolina; S. K. Talmage, of Geor- gia; R. H. Bull, of Kentucky; John Seaward, of Ohio; Robert H. Chapman, of Tennessee; Peter Donan, of Missouri; N. M. Welles, of Indiana; Enoch Kinsbury, of Illinois; E. C. Trowbridge, of Michigan; Wm. T. Brantley, of Alabama.
The standing committee reported a resolution which was under discussion till the hour for adjournment, when on motion the Convention adjourned.
Afternoon .- The Convention met at the stated hour; and again took up the resolution which was before it at the former session-which was adopted as follows :-
Resolved, That in the opinion of this Convention, the traffic in Ardent Spirit as a drink, and the use of it as such, are morally wrong, and ought to be abandoned throughout the world.
The committee to whom was referred the resolution on the subject of a General Union -- Reported, That they had unanimously agreed to recommend the adop- tion of the Resolution, as reported by the standing com- mittee, which was under consideration, when on mo- tion the Convention adjourned-to meet at the Hall of the Musical Fund Society this evening, at a quarter be- fore 8 o'clock, in order to lay before the public, who have been invited to assemble there-a brief history of the progress of the Temperance cause.
Evening .- At the time adjourned to, the Convention assembled at the place appointed-when
G. S. Hillard, of Massachusetts, Thomas P. Hunt, of North Carolina, Thomas H. Stockton, of Maryland, and Nathaniel Hewitt, of Connecticut,-presented to the very large and attentive audience that had assem- bled, a brief but impressive history of the Temperance cause, together with an exposition of the principles on which it is established.
After an appeal to the Female part of the assembly, by the President, the Convention proceeded to busi- ness,-the Standing Committee reported that they had no further matter to lay before the Convention-where- upon it was-
Resolved, That the Standing Committee be now dis- charged.
On motion Resolved, That the thanks of the Con- vention be presented to the Standing Committee, for the faithful and prompt discharge of the duties entrust- ed to them by the Convention.
Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this Con- vention be presented to its President, Reuben H. Wal- worth, for the dignified, impartial and very acceptable manner in which he has presided over its deliberations.
The President here expressed his grateful sense of this acknowledgment on the part of the Convention, and his satisfaction in having presided over its delibera- tions, when he withdrew .- Roberts Vaux, Vice Presi- dent, from Pennsylvania, took the Chair.
The Resolution reported by the Standing Committee and approved by the committee from each State, was then taken up, and after amendment adopted, as fol- lows :-
Resolved, That the officers of the American Tem- perance Society, and of the several State Societies, are hereby requested to act as a United States Temperance Society, to hold mutual consultations, and to take all suitable measures to carry into effect the objects of this Convention, to embody public sentiment, and by the universal diffusion of information and the exertion of kind moral influence-to extend the principles and
Joseph C. Lovejoy, from Maine; Andrew Rankin, of New Hampshire; C. P. Walton, of Vermont; Mark | blessings of the Temperance Reformation throughout
our country and throughout the world.
On motion, Resolved, That the vital interests and complete success of the Temperance cause, demand that in all the efforts of the friends of that cause against the use of Ardent Spirits, no substitute except pure water be recommended as a drink.
On motion, Resolved, That the thanks of this Conven- tion be presented to the Select and Common Councils of the city of Philadelphia, for their kindness and liber- ality in granting to it the use of the Hall of Indepen- dence.
On motion, Resolved, That the thanks of this Con- vention be presented to the Trustees and Congregation
55
SKETCHES OF PENNSYLVANIA.
1833.]
of the Fifth Presbyterian Church, for the use of their house during the sittings of the Convention.
On motion Resolved, That the thanks of the Conven- tion be presented to the Vice Presidents and Secreta- ries for the faithful discharge of their duties.
The Convention then adjourned sine die.
From the Commercial Herald. SKETCHES OF PENNSYLVANIA.
No. 3.
We stopped on Thursday at Downingstown. This is a pleasant, and thriving village, owing its prosperity to its position in the heart of Chester valley, and to the water-power of the Big Brandywine upon which it is situated. It extends for about half a mile on both sides of the Lancaster turnpike which passes the creek by a substantial stone bridge. The houses are built of lime- stone, generally rough cast, or pebble-dashed, and have universally the appearance of nestness and comfort. Several mills and factories are located on the creek, and it contains a number of stores and taverns.
The turnpike crosses the Big Brandywine at the west end of the village by a substantial stone bridge of se- veral arches. Just across the bridge another important turnpike begins, leading by the shortest route to Har- risburg. This road passes in about a northwest course to Waynesburg, in Chester county, then enters Lancas- ter county, and traversing its north eastern section, pas- ses Hinkletown and Euphrata -- next cuts the northwest corner of Lebanon county, and entering Dauphin, unites with the turnpike from Harrisburg to Reading at Hum- melstown on the Swatara. From Downingstown to Harrisburg by this route is sixty-seven miles according to the finger post. By the way of Lancaster, Mount- joy and Middletown, the distance between the same points is about seventy-three miles. The difference of distance is, however, more than made up by the advan- tageous location of the latter road. The Euphrata turnpike is too hilly for rapid travelling, and it is there- fore used, principally by loaded wagons, to which by lighter tolls it offers some inducement.
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