USA > Pennsylvania > The Register of Pennsylvania : devoted to the preservation of facts and documents and every other kind of useful information respecting the state of Pennsylvania, Vol. XII > Part 50
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There is one subject presented for the consideration of the people, on which we have not expressed our de- cided opinion, which seems entitled to especial notice. It is, "whether some limitation on the power of the Le- gislature to borrow money on the credit of the state, ought not to be marked out in the Constitution?" Debts improvidently contracted, without any certain or visible means of repayment, are as unwise and injurious to the state, as to individuals. It becomes the people to in- quire, whether it is prudent to suffer its Legislature to entail upon the state a public debt of twenty millions of dollars, without deriving from its expenditure enough to discharge the interest; and still retain the power of plunging the treasury deeper in this "slough of des- pond," unchecked and unrestrained.
Your Constitution, fellow citizens, ought to be the guarantee of your rights-it ought to spread over you as the shield of your personal independence-it ought to say to your rulers, "thus far shall ye go, and no far- ther."
We have also requested the people to fill up this Con- vention with Delegates from every county and district in the state, to convene here on the glorious eighth of Jan- uary, and adopt such a plan of operations as circum- stances may require; to secure success to our efforts; and "if need be," to form such a Constitution, as they may be instructed to frame, which they shall submit to the consideration of the people of Pennsylvania. The right of the people to vest their Delegates with the pow- er of framing a Constitution for their government, can- not be controverted. Nature has interwoven it in the structure of society -. the "bill of rights," which consti- tutes a part of the Constitution, has declared the rights of the people, to "alter, reform, amend, and abolish their form of Government"-and it has further declared their right "'peaceably to assemble for that purpose." The right being conceded, its exercise is a matter of policy. If the Legislature should refuse to pass the necessary law for enabling the people to call a conven- tion, or should they pass it in such a form as to cause the defeat of the measure, the people can only rise in the majesty of their power, and provide "new guards for the public safety." Some will call this a revolu- revolution, effected by public opinion.
Resolved, That we earnestly recommend, that the friends of Reform in every township in the state exert tionary measure. It will be indeed a peaceful, tranquil i themselves to get petitions favorable to a Convention extensively signed and presented to the House of Re- presentatives on the opening of the next session of the
In the pursuit of an object, Fellow Citizens, let party feelings, party bickerings, and party distinctions, be | Legislature.
VOL. XII. 22
merged in the exalted love of freedom and of our country. When the great strife of principle is to be met, let our little preferences for men and names be forgotten. The prize we fight for, is the prize for which our fathers contended-let us turn our eyes to them, be cheered by their example, breast the shock, and breast it nobly, of corrupt pensioners, fatlings of office, and aristocratic contemners of the people, and of the people's dearest rights-and he who doubts our success, is ignorant of the character of the honest yeo- manry of Pennsylvania,
Our enemies are vigilant and active to deceive. They represent our numbers as small, they impute interested motives to us, they flood the country by their influence over the presses of the country, with high wrought eu- logies on the prosperity of the state, and ascribe it all to the "golden reign"' of the present Constitution, forget- ting that the spirit of freedom, which actuates the peo- ple, has animated the population of the state, advanced its prosperity, and elevated its character, in defiance of the crippling restraints imposed by submission to go- vernors, of almost despotic power, by the misrule of officers who acknowledge no direct responsibility to the people, and by the paralysing reign of men, placed over us beyond reach, as our "task masters" for life. The state is indeed prosperous, but how much more so would it have been under the blessings of a free, equal, and truly Republican Constitution?
We must persevere even unto the end. The sneers and derision of our adversaries should only awaken our energies, and incite our zeal. Those who live by the corruptions of government, will oppose their correction, they have ever in all countries, and at all times done so; and can we expect the nature of such men to change?
The pioneers of reform must learn, and that patiently, to be assailed and abused. It is the evidence they have of faithfully discharging their duty. Every man in so- ciety is deeply interested in the struggle for free princi ples. Every man can do something; however small his influence, it is his duty to wield it in the canse.
The purity of the right of election-the permanency of the Constitution itself-the very existence of all liberty worth enjoying-the happiness of the present and of future generations, in this state, are all at stake in this contest between the friends and the enemies of reform; the free born sons of Pennsylvania who falters at this momentous crisis, must forget the regard which he owes to himself, the protection due to his children, and the manly devotion of a patriotic heart to the welfare of his country.
The following resolutions were then passed.
Resolved, That this Convention adjourn to meet on the Sth of January 1834, and that the people be request- ed to meet in county conventions as early as practicable, and fill up this Convention with a number of Delegates, equal to the number of members of the Senate and as- semby representing each county and district of the state; and that the people of every county in the state be de- sired to instruct their Delegates, to form a Constitution to be submitted to the people for adoption or rejection, if such mode be deemed advisable, or to petition the Legislature to take any other step upon the subject which seems most likely to attain the object of the as- sembly of the Convention.
Resolved, That we carnestly recommend to our fel- low citizens in every county of the state, that they call upon all candidates for the Legislature for their senti- ments in writing, upon the proposed call of a Conven- tion, to submit its proceedings to a vote of the people; and that they vote for no candidate at the election who does not avow himself favorable to the object.
170
MANUAL AND MENTAL LABOR CONNECTED.
[SEPTEMBER-
Resolved, That we recommend to the friends of Re- form, that they present at all the county, township, and ward meetings of the political parties to which they belong, resolutions favorable to the amendment of the Constitution and the abolition of offices for life.
Resolved, That we also recommend, that special, county, and township meetings of citizens be hield, to consider the expediency of calling a Convention, to submit an amended Constitution to the vote of the peo- ple.
Resolved, That those office holders who are now striving to mislead the people on the subject of Consti- tutional Reform, have justly rendered themselves odious to the citizens of this commonwealth, and that their conduct furnishes one of the strongest reasons why the people should arouse themselves in the support of a cause so vitally connected with their dearest interests.
The following gentlemen are appointed a general
committee of correspondence with power to add to their number or fill vacancies:
Messrs. Mahlon Ortlip, Thomas Earl, William J. Mul- len, John F. Johnson, Louis P. Louze, Frederic Stæver, John Watkins, and Peter A. Grotjan, of Philadelphia; Henry K. Strong, Benjamin Evens, Jahn Cameron, Joel Bailey, and Jacob Duck, of Harrisburg; George Kremer, of Middleburg, Union county.
County Committees will appear at another time.
Resolved, That the proceedings of this Convention be signed by the officers, and that the editors of newspapers in this state be requested to publish them in their respec- tive papers.
GEORGE KREMER, President.
MAHLON ORTLIP, JNO. M'REYNOLDS,
V. Presidents.
Henry K. Strong, ~ Secretaries.
W. J. Mullen,
STATE OF THERMOMETER IN PHILADELPHIA ALMS HOUSE.
State of Thermometer in Philadelphia A. H.
State of Thermometer in Philadelphia A H.
1833.
Sun rise.
9 A.M.
3 P.M.
Remarks.
1833.
Sun rises.
9 A. M.
Merid. or noon.
3 P.M.
Remarks.
July 1!
69
73
77
81
SW and clear.
Ang. 1
65
69
724
743
NW and clear.
2
74
77
82
85
NNE to NNW ra
2
68
71
75
783
sw, clear.
3
66
64
65
66
NNE and rain.
3
69
73
78
783
SE and hazy.
4
65
68
70
72
NW and clear.
4
73
75
783
75
E and rain.
5
64
68
70
72
W and clear.
5
72
74
763
6
64
69
73
76
SW and clear.
6
73
75%
763
77
SE, cloudy rain.
7
72
75
783
81
SSW to NW ra. 2 thun. & ligh'g.
7
78
75
784
77
NW and cloudy.
8
73
76
79%
83
SW and clear.
9
72
72
73
73
SE, rain.
9
76
76
763
78
cloudy, rain.
10
60
65
68
73
NW and clear.
10
63
69
723
75
SW and clear.
11
64
68
72
75
NW and clear.
11
66
70
75
78
SW and clear.
12
69
13
74
78
80
82
S and hazy
13
73
76
81
83호
WSW and clear.
15
72
75
80}
83
S SSW to NW,
14
79
81
843
864
2 rai. thu. & lig.
2 thund. & light.
16
69
72
76
784
SS, rain, thun-
15
75
763
78
783
WNW and clo'y.
W and clear.
17
66
68
74
75
NW, clear.
17
69
71
73
74
18
65
67
72
75
INW and clear.
18
67
68₺
71₺
74
19
63
67
734
75號
NW and clear.
19
66
70
72
74
NW and clear.
20
64
63
74
763
NW and clear.
20
69
72
78
80
S, cloudy.
21
63
68
73
74
ENE to SSE, r.
21
69
703
75
784
E and cloudy.
22
65
68
72
73
NE and cloudy.
23
75
77
80
82
24
62
65
69J
7-2
NNE and clear.
24
74
76
80g
87
SS to NW rain,
2,5
62
65
70
74
SW and clear.
25
77
763
753
74
NE cloudy, rain.
£7
71
73
78
823
SW' and cloudy.
27
69
72
77
80%
S, clear.
29
58
63
67
68
NW and clo. ra.
29
63
68
74
77
30
76
783
77
79
S SW to NW ra.
2 thund. & light.
31
64
68
71
723
NW and clear.
MANUAL AND MENTAL LABOR CONNECTED.
DYOTTVILLE GLASS WORKS. Kensington.
In the science of education, the problem of connect- ing simultaneously mental and manual labour has been fortunately made oflate the subject of serious discussion; and yet, is there " ample room and verge enough" still to agitate the subject.
When we speak of education,
we use the term in its utmost latitude-not as confined to the improvement of the mental knowledge-coincid- ing in opinion with the ancient philosopher, who, on being asked what a person should learn in his youth, answered " what he must practice when he becomes a man." So think we. The growth of the vegetable world in spring is chiefly to sustain the flowers of sum- mer, and the fruits of autumn; and the instruction of youth should be a preparation for the practice of man-
26
67
71
743
76
E, clear.
28
65
66
63
693
NNW and clear.
28
76
78
80
81
NW and clear.
30
54
58
623
67
Eat'd and clear.
SW, clear.
31
64
653
76
79
S and cloudy
12
73
753
78
80
SSW rain, thun- 2 der & lightni'g.
14
72
74
76
78
W and cloudy
2 der & lightn'g.
16
67
70g
73
75
22
73
77
823
864
SE to NW clou'y. N, clear.
23
70
72
74
74
NE and cloudy.
2 thun. & light.
26
64
68
74
79
SW and clear.
S wind S, rain,
8
67
70
74
78
N and clear.
78号
SE, cloudy, rain.
Merid.
noon.
72
SSW and clear.
SW cloudy, rain.
NW and clear.
17I
MANUAL AND MENTAL LABOR CONNECTED.
1833.]
hood. Hence it might almost be considered an equi- poised question, whether the youth in humble life, whose station in society must necessarily render him dependent in manhood upon his manual labour, should not have his education more prominently directed to some mechanical pursuit attended with mental instruc- tion according as time would permit, -rather than have the earlier years of his boyhood consumed in idleness, or languidly pine in abecedarian tasks; and then appren. tice him to some employment necessary for after life, in which he may possibly forget all his former reluctantly acquired information. If both branches of education- the manual and the mental-could be simultaneously combined, in a manner that the transition from the ma- nul to the mental instruction would prove a relaxation an.I anticipated amusement, rather than that instruction in school should be considered a compulsory obligation- acquiesced in by the parents from the force of custom, or to keep their children from something worse; and by the children from the dread of authority or the force of fond persuasion-reason and experience must con- vincingly come to the conclusion, that the mechanical pursuits of the man, and the progress and success in life of the man, are more certainly secured by proba- tionary employ ments in manual labour during childhood. Those who arc destined to acquire a livelihood by handicraft practices, should certainly have their spring of life engaged in the necessary preparations for such practices-and that in the most prominent and effective manner; making however as far as possible the educa- tion of the mind and of morals a necessary concomitant.
We have been induced to adopt more decidedly such an opinion, from a visit to the extensive factory of glassworks at Dyottville, Kensington, on the banks of the Delaware, north of this city-where we had an ex- Collent opportunity of seeing in successful practice what we have considered preferable in theory.
These works had been for some time established by Dr. T. W. Dyott of this city; but had not been brought to their present basis of discipline, till within the last three or four years-when he procured the effective assistance of his brother, as resident superintendant. Then the proprietor was enabled to put his philanthro- pic plans into practice; although previously they had been approximating to this state.
At present there are considerably upwards of three hundred persons directly or indirectly connected with the factory, either engaged in the glassworks, or the pursuits rendered usefully auxiliary : and of these, more than two hundred are apprentices. These, with such of the workmen as are not married, are resident on the premises; and are subjected to a system of discipline conducive to their health, their manners, their morals, the improvement of their minds in the common branches of knowledge,-as well as to their daily labour in their allotted employments. Boys of every age from infancy to puberty, we saw in the establishment during our vi- sit on Thursday evening-variously employed, and working with a degree of alacrity seldom witnessed; and many of them working with an ability correspon- dent to their will.
There are at present four furnaces in operation in di- vided compartments of the factory; and a fifth that will be in operation in five or six weeks; and the proprietor conceives the hopes of being enabled to add another in the spring of next year. Around each of these furnaces are placed ten or twelve persons-according to the ca pacity of each for holding the pot«, containing the melt- ed glass-employed in making every species of vials from one containing a drum to one containing three or four gallons. This is effected by blowpipes-each per- son being furnished with one of length sufficient to en- sure him from any danger in blowing the glass for the vial. Having so prepared the glass, fashioned it by a mould made according to any form required, and ad- justed the neck and bottom, a lad attendant on every one or two of the glass blowers, immediately conveys
--
the vial into an oven adjacent, where it is permitted to remain in a gradually cooling state till the evening of the following day. Such is the repeated process at every furnace.
The fuel employed in some instances is rosin: and in others kiln dried wood; and every used furnace inust be kept constantly fed night and day. Every evening, the cylindrical poets at each section of the circular fur- nace is replenished with the composition for the glass -which is thus molten into the consistency required for the work of the ensuing day. The composition is of course properly proportioned according to the color and nature of the vial required: for this, there are dif- ferent persons and places allotted-so that by this ad- justment and accumulation of labor, there are consum- ed daily about 10,000 pounds of glass ;- and annually about 120 tons of red lead, 185 of pot and pearl ashes, 680 of sand, 120 of pot clay, 12 of wrought iron for the necessary instruments (all manufactured at the factory) and 110 of packing hay-about 2300 bushels of lime. and 1500 of salt-15,000 barrels of rosin for fuel, 1800 cords of pine and oak wood, and 1200 bushels of coal, &c.
Attached to these furnaces, in separate houses, are a smithery for the iron work-a turning shop for wood and metals-a carpenter's shop for making the boxes necessary for package, &c .- a shoemaker's house, --- tailor's apartments, -- a pottery establishment, -a de- partment for preparing and compounding the ingredi- ents for the pots, and another for the glass-in short there is no branch or almost process of employment that such a manufactory will require from necessity or for convenience or despatch, that has not a divisional de partment allotted to it-and where all regularly pro- ceeds from the incipient to the completing steps of the manufacture-and where all are employed, according as their skill, or as circumstances may require. Even at the wicker work for covering the demijohns, are employed rosy little urchins-who are emulous to excel, and pleased at having their work noticed or praised by visiters. This appears to be among the first useful employment of the youngest apprentices; and the well inculcated system of honorable rivalry and dispensed rewards, leads them on from step to step,and from one employment to another-till they arrive at a proficiency in the trade, and terminate their appren- ticeship. The more proficient of the apprentices are appointed and rewarded to teach the deficient; and every apprentice, on completing his stipulated period of service, is at liberty to continue in the employ as a journeyman, or to rove at will. But few do leave the establishment, except some of the inconsiderate who are tempted to try for employment elsewhere-but, like the liberated dove of Noah, they soon hasten to return.
Indeed the inducements to continue at Dyottville cannot elsewhere be found: for every married person connected with the factory may have in its vicinity, a comfortable house at a trifling rent, and other advan- tages for themselves and their families too numerous to be specified.
But the discipline of the apprentices, is particularly deserving of commendation, as superior to most esta- bli hments of a similar nature-whether intended for learning a mechanical employment, or scholastic know- ledge. They are considered and treated in every respect as scholars, in a well regulated boarding school. They are are well lodged, well fed, well taught and well clad. Their dormitories are well arranged, so separated that too many do not sleep in each; yet so connected that their teach- er can control all. They have a house to wash, &c. in; another as a wardrobe, where each boy has his own place-indeed in our visit through the apartments we saw a place for every thing, and every thing in its place. Their dining room is spacious, and their diet of a whole- some and superior quality, and abundant in quantity. The men resident dine in a separate apartment. The
172
METEOROLGICAL REGISTER.
[SEPTEMBER
school room is well fitted up, and contains books and materials for every progress of instruction; and a school master is on the spot to superintend the instruction of the boys-indeed to take charge of them at all times when not at their manual employments-and to have in charge all their wearables, books, &c.
During the day when not immediately engaged at work or school, the apprentices are permitted to play or divert themselves as discipline will allow-and the pro- prietor has a boat for their special use whenever they require it during playtime. So that the varied exercises and employments give health and relaxation, content- ment and comfort. The manifest desire evinced by the proprietor to contribute to their enjoyments, renders them subordinate, diligent and grateful; and teaches them to consider him as a substituted parent. Indeed we were astonished on seeing them at work pursue their employments with a degree of confidence and con- stancy, unchecked and unvaried by the presence or ab- sence of any. Such is the happy result of mutual re- gard, where kindness begets confidence, and confidence produces diligence.
The religious instruction of the youths is fortunately a point of material moment with the proprietor; and the course pursued at this establishment proves with certainty that whatever tends to produce " glory to God in the highest," will necessarily promote "peace on earth, and good will towards man." Dr. Dyott-aware of the efficacy of such a system of promoting moral ob- ligation among his apprentices and workmen, built late- ly a neat chapel for their accommodation-and not merely for theirs, but for any in the neighborhood, who may be religiously disposed. Besides having a clergy- man to lecture or preach thrice every Sabbath, the evenings of each week day have some religious employ- ment allotted-for prayer meetings, for lectures, for sacred music, &c. The evening we visited (last Thursday) was that appropriated for the instruction in sacred music, which was given gratuitously by a gen- tleman of this city, in the medical profession-but who gives thus his time and talents, partly from philanthro- pic motives, and partly as a friend to the proprietor. From his mode of instruction, none would dissent; and with the proficiency of his pupils, every auditor must be pleased; and perhaps be induced to exclaim with the sacred poet,-
Lord how delightful 'tis to see,
A whole assembly worship thee;
At once they sing; at once they pray;
They hear of heav'n, and learn the way.
Every apprentice is made intimate with the terms of his indenture, and all with the regulations of the esta- blishment-as printed copies. of each are pasted in a conspicuous place. A temperance society is formed among them, and no ardent spirit is allowed to be used by any employed, Temperance meetings are regular- ly held; and the apprentices and workmen are taught the evil results of intemperance.
The elder apprentices are stimulated to exertion by a monied reward for extra work; and this they expend under the superintendence of the resident guardians- the surplus, if any, being kept for them till their ap- prenticeship shall have expired.
The brother of the proprietor is superintendant of all the factory and the farm: for there are nearly 400 acres of land along the river belonging to the establish - ment-from which are got the milk, butter, and such like household provisions.
Did every proprietor of an extensive factory imitate such an example, how fortunate would it prove to the state of society among us! how ameliorative of the condition of our operative classes! how close the con- nection between the employer and the employed! how improved the moral and mutual obligation of both! and how advantageous to the happiness of all both here and and hereafter .- American Sentinel.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
Extract from the Meteorological Register, tuken at the State Capitol-Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, BY JAMES WRIGHT, Librarian. JULY, 1833.
Time of observation at 9 A M. and 1 and 5 o'clock P. M.
Days of the Month !
Days of Week.
Morning temperat.
Noon temperature.
Even. temperature
Mean temp. of day
WINDS.
Thermometer.
1|Monday
70
83
84
79
W
2 Tuesday
73
86
78
79
S W
.3|Wednesd
64
70
70
68
SW
4 Thursd'y
60
73
70
68
N W
5 Friday
60
73
70
68
N W
6 Saturday
63
75
75
71
S W
7 Sunday
70
82
82
78
S W
8 Monday
74
84
80
79
SW
9 Tuesday
70
76
78
75
i
SW
10 Wednesd
60
74
70
68
W
11 Thursd'y
60
80
80
73
W
12 Friday
65
80
80
75
N
13 Saturday
70
86
80
79
S
14 Sunday
72
87
74
78
S
15 Monday
70
76
74.
73
W
16 Tuesday
63
75
74
73
W
17 Wednesd
70
75
70
72
N
18 Thursd'd
63
75
76
71
N
19 Friday
63
75
75
71
NE
20 Saturday
70
88
87
82
N
21 Sunday
73
88
88
83
N
22 Monday
78
90
89
86
NW
23|Tuesday
73
86
86
82
N W
24 Wednesd
77
91
85
84
N
25 Thursd'y
78
77
75
77
E
26 Friday
69
75
75
73
NE
27 Saturday
69
78
83
73
W
28 Sunday
69
78
75
74
N W
29 Monday
82
78
75
N
30 Tuesday
75
78
75
76
N W
31|Wednesd
62
73
73
69
N
Thermometer.
Maximum on the 22d,
86°
Minimum on the 5th,
6'70
Difference
19º
Mean
750
Atmosphere.
Days of the month.
Morning. Afternoon.
1 5 6 7 10 11 12 13
15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 27 28
29 31
22 days
Fair
Fair
2 14
2 days
Fair
Rain
9
1 day
Rain
Fair
26
1 day
Cloudy
Fair
8
1 day
Fair
Cloudy
4
1 day
Cloudy.
Cloudy
30
1 day
Cloudy
Rain
3 25
2 days
Rain
Rain
Days of the Month.
Wind.
12 17 18 20 21 24 29
31
8 days
N
19 26
2 days
NE
25
1 day
E
13 14
2 days
S
236789
6 days
S W
1 10 11 15 16 27
6 days
W
4 5 22 23 28 30
6 days
N W
1
-
--
-
173
On the 24th at noon, Thermometer at 91° the high- est.
On the 4th in the morning, Thermometer at 60° the lowest. Range 31º
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