USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 1
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 1
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 1
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GENERAL LIBRARY -OF THE-
PARK CHURCH -IN- ELMIRA, N. Y. No. 1709
GEN
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3 1833 02166 170 4
Gc 978 B21h Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832- 1918. History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming 1540-1888
BAY 1 - 98
REFERENCE AMERICANA COLLECTION
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018
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https://archive.org/details/historyofnevadac00banc_0
THE WORKS OF
HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT
THE WORKS
OF
HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT
VOLUME XXV
HISTORY OF NEVADA, COLORADO, AND WYOMING 1540-1888
SAN FRANCISCO THE HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1890
Allen County Public Library 900 Webster Street PO Box 2270 Fort Wayne, IN 46801-2270
Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1889, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
All Rights Reserved.
(39 1x)
Butfield -$375-10
PREFACE.
--
IN this volume I have grouped together the history of what are commonly termed the silver and centen- nial states, including also the partially intervening territory of Wyoming, which, with Utah and south- ern Idaho, whose annals are related elsewhere, form the central division of our Pacific coast domain, extend- ing eastward from California to the limits of the field occupied by this series. Here is a region full of natu- ral wonders, with a climate and configuration, a moun- tain, lake, and river system, a fauna and flora, a geology and mineralogy, all of them peculiar and distinct.
1216709
As the discovery of gold peopled the state of Cali- fornia, so did that of the Comstock mines draw popu- lation to Nevada. Virginia City and a number of smaller towns in this vicinity sprang up almost in a night. Year by year the output of the great lode increased, eclipsing even the glories of Potosí, and so reducing the value of silver that men began to say it would soon be ranked among the base metals. After the advent of the railroad the heaviest machinery in the world was here erected, and with the develop- ment of two immense bonanzas, the total yield swelled into the hundreds of millions. Elsewhere in Nevada, especially in the Pioche aud Eureka districts, rich mineral deposits have been unearthed, but none of
vi
PREFACE.
them approaching the marvellous treasures of Com- stock.
Next to her mining interests comes stock-raising, flocks and herds thriving on the nutritious bunch-grass common to the entire region between the Sierra Ne- vada and the Rocky Mountains. Though with an average rainfall of little more than five inches a year, in places the soil is fertile, and the climate favorable to the production of cereals and fruits, a yield of 30 or 40 bushels to the acre of wheat or barley being not unusual. In 1860 there were less than 100 farms in the entire territory ; in 1889 there were over 2,000, with about 10,000,000 acres classed as irrigable land.
Since her admission to statehood, the political an- nals of Nevada are such as would do honor to an older and more conservative community. Especially is she to be commended for her liberality in the support of public institutions. Her financial condition, also, is of the soundest, with a revenue largely in excess of ex- penditure, a surplus in the treasury amounting, at the close of 1888, to about $1,250,000, and a school fund of equal amount invested in state and national bonds.
In the same year that witnessed the discovery of the Comstock lode occurred the great migration to Pike peak, when, in the summer of 1859, an army of 150,000 men traversed the plains between the Missouri and the base of the Rocky Mountains. Of these at least one third turned back, discouraged by evil reports, and of those who arrived on the ground probably less than 20,000 remained as permanent set- tlers. But here was the nucleus of a population, and that of the best material for empire-building-men
vii
PREFACE.
resolute of will, inured to hardship, and with all the energy and adaptability of the typical pioneer. As- suredly there was no lack of resources in this great and goodly region, with its magnificent soil and cli- mate, its majestic cañon and river systems, its series of natural parks, its gardens of the gods, its virgin forests, and its untold mineral wealth.
Much attention has been given to irrigation, several thousand miles of canal, with branches of much greater length distributing their waters over the thirsty earth. And yet not ten per cent of all the irrigable land in Col- orado is under cultivation. Within recent years stock- raising has attained to the second rank among her industries, and is probably destined erelong to surpass even mining in aggregate value. In manufactures a beginning has been made, and in this direction also the outlook is of the brightest. The public institutions of the centennial state, and especially her public schools, are second to none, and in this respect the young commonwealth is worthy of all commendation. No less remarkable is the character of her legislation and her public men, the former never being disgraced by the misappropriation of the people's funds or the latter by deeds of violence.
In Wyoming, with the awe-inspiring grandeur of her scenery, with her rare geologic formations, her mountain peaks, among the highest on the continent, her magnificent plateaux and rolling plains, her gey- sers and volcanoes, and her water-shed, dividing the streams that flow toward the Atlantic and Pacific, we have a veritable wonderland. Here, as elsewhere, the trapper was followed by the gold-hunter, and the lat- ter by the farmer and stock-raiser, causing this region
viii
PREFACE.
to bloom forth into civilization like a flower in the wilderness. Almost before the world was aware of its existence, there was established here a flourishing commonwealth-full-fledged as sprang Minerva from the cranium of Jove. With resources unlimited, though as yet almost untouched, a great future is assured for this territory, soon to be admitted among the sisterhood of states.
In preparing the material for this volume, I have consulted, in addition to all the printed books, period- icals, and public documents bearing on the subject- matter, a large number of valuable manuscripts furnished by the actors in the scenes which they describe-men representing all classes of people, from the pioneers to those who now control the affairs of state or the channels of trade and industry.
CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.
HISTORY OF NEVADA.
CHAPTER I.
THE GREAT BASIN. PAGE
Plain of Evaporation, or Elevated Sink-Its Situation-Prominent Char- aeteristies-The Name Great Basin Inappropriate-A Group of Basins-Wonders of the Region-A Trapper's Story-Caves-Cli- mate-Atmosphere-Aridity-Sand-Storms and Cloud-bursts-The Mirage-Soil, Configuaration, and Seenery-Rain-fall and Tempera- ture-Change of Seasons-Altitude and Geologie Formation-Moun- tain System-Lakes and Sinks-Rivers-Springs-Deserts-Plants and Animals-Birds and Fishes-Minerals and Metals-Soil and Agriculture-Nomenclature
1
CHAPTER II.
EARLIEST EXPLORATIONS.
1540-1833.
Near Approach of Coronado's Expedition, and Especially of Pedro de Tobar-Party of Spaniards under Anza-Wanderings of Father Francisco Gareés-Peter Font's Journal and Map-Mythical Streams -Other Ancient Maps-Approach of Dominguez and Escalante to Nevada-Peter Skeen Ogden for the Hudson's Bay Company-Dis- covery of Mary or Ogden River-Advent of Free Trappers-Henry, Ashley, Bridger, and Green-Expedition to California of Jedediah S. Smith-Nevada Traversed from West to East-Influx of Trappers 'from the North-The Wolfskill Expedition-Parties under Nidever, Frapp, and Wyatt-Encounter with the Savages-Joseph Walker's Visit to California and Return-Ill-treatment of Indians-Meek's Statement-Something of Carson and Beekwourth 26
CHAPTER III.
PASSAGE OF THE EMIGRANTS. 1834-1846.
Trapping Becomes General-Opening of the Emigration Epoch-The Road to California-Progress of the Bartleson Company through Nevada- Bidwell, Henshaw, and Nye-Belden, Riekman, Chiles, and Weber
(ix)
x
CONTENTS.
PAGE
-What they Severally Said of It-Search for Ogden River-They Abandon their Wagons-Friendly Intercourse with the Shoshones- Varied Adventures-Dissension-Search for a Pass-Over the Sierra -Hastings and his Book-Chiles over a New Route-Walker Guides a Party into California over his Return Route of 1834-First Wagons to Traverse the Entire Country-Frémont's Expeditions-Elisha Stevens or the Murphy Company-Snyder, Swasey, Blackburn, and Todd Company-Sublette from St Louis-Walker, Carson, Talbot, and Kern-Expedition of Scott and the Applegates from Oregon ... 46
CHAPTER IV.
SETTLEMENT. 1847-1860.
Cession from Mexico-Advent of the Mormons-Colonization-Mormon Station-Traffic with Emigrants-Intercourse with California-Gov- ernment Assumed-Land Claims Made and Recorded-Cattle Trade, Farming, and Building-First Settlers-Petition for Annexation to California -- Movements toward a Territorial Government-Conflicts - with the Latter-day Saints-Political and Judicial. 65
CHAPTER V.
THE COMSTOCK LODE. 1849-1860.
Configuration-Placer Gold-Early Mining in Gold Canon-Silver Found by the Grosch Brothers-Death of the Discoverers-Comstock, Old Virginia, and Associates-Johntown and Gold Hill Claims and Loca- tions-Ophir, Silver City, or Virginia Town-Discoveries Elsewhere -Walsh and Woodworth-Testing and Separating-Introduction of Mills-Processes-Description of the California, a Representative Mill
92
CHAPTER VI.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS ON THE COMSTOCK.
1860-1888.
Speculation and Litigation-Fight between the Ophir and Burning Mos- cow-Violent Fluctuations of Supposed Values-Mining Laws-State of Society-Wild Extravagance-San Francisco Stock-board-For- tunes Made and Lost-Miner's Life -- Association and Obligations- Yields and Dividends-The Bonar za Firm, Mackay, Fair, Flood, and O'Brien-Manipulations-The Sutro Tunnel-Geology of the Com- stock Lode
121
xi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION. 1859-1864. PAGE The Name Nevada-Area and Limits-The Question of Boundary- Commissions and Surveys-Difficulties with California-Territorial Officers-Governor Nye-First Legislature-Code of Laws and Course of Legislation-County Organizations and Offieers-Capital -Judicial Distriets and Judiciary -- State of Society-Educational -Newspaper Press-Corruption of Lawyers and Judges. 150
CHAPTER VIII.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
1864-1881.
Legislation-Movements toward State Organization-The Union Party- Union Sentiments-Military Companies-Governor Blasdel-First State Legislature-Finances-Taxation-Struggles for Senatorships -Money All-powerful-Governor Bradley-Governor Kinkead- Polities of the Period-Monopoly and Political Corruption-Silver in Congress-Publie Institutions. 176
CHAPTER IX.
INDIAN WARS. 1849-1882.
California Emigrants of 1849-Subsequent Deeds of Violence-Winne- inucca and the Pah Utes-Outbreak of 1860-Attitude of Young Winnemucca-The Shoshones-Attack on Williams' Station-Or- ganization of Forecs-Battle of Pyramid Lake-Death of Ormsby- Movements of Troops-Further Fighting-Continued Troubles- The Gosh Ute War-Treaties and Reservations. 205
CHAPTER X.
MATERIAL RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT.
1849-1886.
Questionable Value of Mines-Transportation-Roads and Railroads- Mail Routes and Telegraphs-Stages-Pony Express-Steamboats - Fisheries-Metals-Book Reviews-Agriculture-Climate-Whirl- winds and Earthquakes-Flora and Fauna-Live-stock-Cattle Raising-Lands and Surveys-Counties of Nevada-Summary of Resonrees-Society-Educational, Religious, and Benevolent Insti- tutions-Newspapers-Bibliography
224
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI. PROGRESS OF EVENTS. 1881-1888. PAGE
Finances-Reduction of Expenses- Public Buildings-State Prison War -State University-Public Charities-Educational Affairs-Pro- posed Annexation of Southern Idaho-Mining-Railroads-Politics. 310
HISTORY OF COLORADO.
CHAPTER I.
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
Mountain System-Primeval Waters-Upheaval, Evaporation, and Gla- cial Action-Dry Rivers-Flora and Fauna-Primitive Man-Cañons and River Systems-Series of Parks-Climate-Soil-Forests-Geo- logical Formations-Minerals and Metals-Gold and Silver-Coal
and Iron-Precious Stones-Land and Water Elevations.
.....
323
CHAPTER II. DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION 1541-1853.
What Coronado Failed to do-Escalante's Expedition-Spanish and French Occupation-Pike's and Long's Expeditions-Early Gold Discoveries-Adventures of the Williams Party-Santa Fé Trail-
. Trappers and Traders-Forts-The Bents, Vasquez, St Vrain, and Others-El Pueblo-La Junta-Immigration-Frémont's Efforts- The Mormons at Pueblo-Military Expeditions-Government Sur- veys by Gunnison, Hayden, Wheeler, and King. 338
CHAPTER III.
GOLD DISCOVERIES. 1853-1859.
Mythological Mines-Men from Georgia-The Cherokees-Hicks and Russell-The Lawrence Party-Other Companies-Auraria versus Denver-The Town Builders -Early Merchants and Manufacturers -First Guide Books and Journals-Gold Discoveries on Boulder Creek and Clear Creek-Russell and Gregory-Central City and Fair Play-Pioneer Biography 363
CHAPTER IV. PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT. 1859-1860.
The Arkansas Valley-Road into South Park -El Paso Claim Club- Colorado City Company-Irrigation-The Fighting Farmers of Fon-
xiii
CONTENTS.
PAGE taine City-Canon City-Clear Creek-Pueblo-California Gulch- Pioneers in the Several Localities-Oro City-Leadville-Frying Pan Gulch-Road-making-Mining Developments-Freighting- Mail Facilities-Pony Express-Stage Companies. 387
CHAPTER V.
ORGANIZATION OF GOVERNMENT. 1858-1861.
Bleeding Kansas-Representative from Arapahoe County-Provisional Government-Territory or State of Jefferson-Elections and Conven- tions-Governor Steele-Divers Governments-Popular Tribunals -The Turkey War-Squatters-The Name Colorado-Territorial Organization-Gilpin, Governor-Boundaries-Condition of tlic Country-Seal-Mint-Legislative Proceedings-Gilpin's Military ... 401 Operations-The Colorado Regiments in the Civil War
CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL AFFAIRS. 1861-1886.
Gilpin's Heroic Successes-Superseded by John Evans-Weld and Elbert -Legislative Action-Coinage-Bennett-Failure to Establish State Government-Further Efforts and Final Success-Current Terri- torial Affairs-Organic Law-Governor Cummings-Bradford-Chil- cott-Hunt, McCook, and Elbert-Governor Routt-Chaffee-Postal Routes-Patterson, Boone, and Bromwell-The Judiciary-Politics under Statc Organization-Teller-Population and Lands-Govern- ors Pitkin, Grant, and Eaton-Senators Hill and Bowen. 425
CHAPTER VII.
INDIAN WARS .. 1860-1880.
Tribes and Treaties-Aboriginal Brigandage-Unrecorded Outrages of the White Men-Appropriations-White Force in the Field-The Colorado Regiments-Depredations on the Overland Mail Company -Communication Cut off-The Sand Creek Massacre-Chivington Censured by Congress, but Thanked by the People of Colorado- Forts and Reservations-West of the Mountains Wide-sprcad Hos- tilities and Battles 455
CHAPTER VIII. MATERIAL PROGRESS. 1859-1875.
Placer and Quartz Mining-Refactory Orcs-Processes-Smelting- Swindling Corporations-The Flood-Indian Hostilities-Agricul-
xiv
CONTENTS.
PAGE
ture-Products and Prices-Discovery of Silver-Localities and Lodes-The San Juan Country-Adventures of John Baker's Party -Great Sufferings-Architectural Remains of Primitive Peoples- Pile's Expedition-Treaty Violations-Opening of Roads-Silver 482 Lodes-San Miguel Gold District-Ouray .
CHAPTER IX.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.
1875-1886.
California Gulch Redivivus-Hills of Silver-The Carbonate Mines-Men of the Period-Organization of Leadville-Monetary and Political Institutions-Output of the Mines-Vigilance Committees-Miners' Strike-Martial Law Proclaimed-Disaffected Utes-The Gunnison Country-Scientific and Mining Expeditions-The Gunnison Colony -Coal-Towns Established -- Bibliography-Newspapers ... ... 504
CHAPTER X.
AGRICULTURE AND STOCK RAISING. 1861-1886.
Land Surveys-Analyses of Soils-Altitudes-Irrigation-Importance of the Subject-Convention-Laws and Regulations-A Most Per- fect System-Ditching-Greeley and the Union Colony-Land-in- vestment, Canal, and Irrigating Companies-Grain-growing Districts -Products-Horticultural and Agricultural Societies-Granges- Failure of Cooperative Commerce-State Board of Agriculture- Agricultural College-Stock-raising-Native Grasses-Incorporated Cattle Companies-Sheep and Horses
533
CHAPTER XI.
DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY. 1859-1SS6.
Survey-Denver Lands-Municipal Organization-The Queston of Capi- tal-Post-office and 'Assay Office-Railways-Telegraphs-Street Railways-Public Buildings-Schools and Churches-Style of Archi- tecture -- Water System and Drainage-Manufactures-Smelters- Chamber of Commerce-Exposition Grounds and Buildings-Bank- ing-Society and Culture-Biography .
548
CHAPTER XII. COUNTIES OF COLORADO. 1859-1886.
Bent County-Industries, Towns, and People-Boulder County-Early Settlers-Quartz Mining-Coal and Iron-Chaffee County-Discov-
CONTENTS.
PAGE
eries and Development-Clear Creek County-Earliest Smelting- Stamp Mills-Conejos County -- Costilla-Custer-Men and Towns -- Mining-Delta, Dolores, Douglas, Eagle, Elbert, El Paso, and Fremont Counties-The Great Railroad War-Canon City and its Institutions 574
CHAPTER XIII.
COUNTIES OF COLORADO CONCLUDED.
1859-1886.
Garfield County-Its Great Possibilities-Gilpin County and Central City -Express, Telegraph, Newspapers, Banks, Schools, and Churches, Library, Fire Departments, Military and Benevolent Institutions- Biography-Grand County-Gunnison and Huerfano Counties-Va- ricty of Products in Jefferson County-Golden, Lake, and La Plata Counties-Biography-Larimer, Las Animas, Mesa, Montrose, Ou- ray, Park, Pitkin, Pueblo, Rio Grande, Routt, Saguache, San Juan, San Miguel, Summit, and Weld Counties-Society-Retrospect .... 609
CHAPTER XIV.
LATER EVENTS. 1SS6-1SSS.
Elements of Greatness-Mining versus Agriculture-Land and Water Monopoly-Material Progress-Railroads-Development of Denver -Election Campaign-Legislation-Excellence of Statutory, Insti- tutional, and Social Regulations-Character of Public Men-Bio- graphical . 643
HISTORY OF WYOMING.
CHAPTER I.
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
Bonndaries and Surface-The Hills and Plains of Laramie-Geologic History-The River Platte-Black Hills-Deserts Which are not Deserts-Mountainous Formations and Uplicavals-Minerals and Metals-Fontana, the Land of Rivers-Rolling Plain of the North- west-Forests and Lakes-Falls of the Yellowstone-Scenes of Beanty and Grandeur-Atlantic and Pacific Creeks, and Two-Ocean and Other Passes-Specimens of World Forgings and Welding3- Geyser Basins-Mud and Water Volcanoes-Paint Pots -- Sulphur Mountain-Subterranean Rumblings-Climate-Animated Nature .. 659
xvi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER II.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 1650-1850. PAGE
Unfounded Rumors of Spanish Occupation- Pre-historic Aboriginal In- habitants-Westward Exploration-Verendrye, Lewis and Clarke, Lisa, and Williams-Missouri Fur Company-Henry Fort-Long's Expedition-Ashley on Utah Lake-Other Trappers and Traders- Fort Bridger-Missionaries of Oregon-The Gallant Pathfinder- Battalion of Mounted Volunteers-Forts Leavenworth, Kearny, and Laramie-Scott and his Bluffs-The Pathway of the Nations ...... 672
CHAPTER III.
SETTLEMENT AND GOLD-HUNTING. 1847-1863.
Pathway to the Pacific -- Coming of the Latter-day Saints-Military Men-Prospecting for Gold-An Angry Englishman-Bridger and his Fort-Mormon War-The Latter-day Saints Abandon Wyo- ming-Movements of Army Forces-Government Expedition- Roads Ordered Opened-Placer Gold Discovered-The Morrisites -Indian Hostilities-Military Men and Frontiersmen-Legends of the Wind River Mountains-Swift Petrifactions 694
CHAPTER IV.
INDIAN WARS. 1841-1868.
Emigrant Parties-Cheyennes and Sioux-Force at Fort Laramie- Fleming's Attack-Grattan's Defeat -- A Bloody War-Life at Fort Laramie-Movements of the Cheyennes and Arapahoes-Effect of Colorado Immigration and Civil War-Continued Depredations- Peace Proposals-Gold-hunting on the Bighorn-Carrington's Expe- dition-Fetterman's Defeat-Affairs at the Forts-Continued Hostil- ities-Treaty Commission 700
CHAPTER V.
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND MATERIAL AFFAIRS. 1867-1888.
Gold Discovery-South Pass City Organized-Organization of Coun- ties-Founding of Cheyenne-Advance in Town Lots-Bad Element -Vigilance Committees-Newspapers Established-A Magic City -- The Name Wyoming-Territorial Organization-Female Suffrage- Judicial Districts-County Seats and County Officers-Elections- Law Making -Military Posts-Administration of Governor Camp- bell-Thayer, Hoyt, and Hale-Massacre of Chinese-Legislation .. 736
xvii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI. MILITARY AND INDIAN AFFAIRS. 1849-1886. PAGE
Stansbury's Observations-Belief in the Presence of Gold-Indian Treaties-Attitude of the Savages-Smith's Exploits-Military Mas- sacre of Indians-Indian Chiefs at Washington City-Divers Mili- tary Expeditions-Gold Appearing-Inevitable Destiny of the Red Race-Broken Pledges-The Army of the United States Brought out-Long, Continuous, and Bloody Fighting-Final Triumph of Civilization-Slavery and Savagism Exterminated. 764
CHAPTER VII. RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT 1868-1888.
Division of Territory into Counties-Birth of Towns, and Growth of Population-Pioneers and Prominent Men-Commerce and Indus- tries-Grasses and Grazing-Ranchos and Ranges-Stock-raising- Some of the Great Cattle Men-Land Surveys and Sales-Improve- ment of Breeds-Cattle Driving from Texas and Oregon-General Condition of the Country-Agriculture and Mines-Biographical ... 783
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED
IN THE
HISTORY OF NEVADA, COLORADO, AND WYOMING.
Absaraka. Home of the Crows. Philadelphia, 1868.
Agricultural Statistics of the State of Colorado. 1883.
Alamosa (Colo), Democrat; Gazette; Independent; News.
Allan (Alex.), Reminiscences. MS.
Amador (Cal.) Despatch.
American Almanac. Boston and New York, 1830 et seq.
American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. Cleveland and Chicago, 1878
et seq.
American Quarterly Review. Philadelphia, 1827 et seq.
Animas City (Colo) Southwest.
Antioch (Cal. ) Ledger.
Anza (Juan B.), Diario de un Expedicion desde Sonora. MS.
Applegate (Jesse), Views of Oregon History. MS.
Appleton's Hand-book of American Travel. New York, 1861, 1866, and 1867.
Arricivita (J. D.), Cronica Serafica y Apostolica. Mexico, 1792.
Aspen (Colo), Sun; Times.
Atlantic Monthly. Boston, 1858 et seq.
Aurora (Nev.) Times.
Austin (Nev.) Directory 1866. Austin, 1866.
Austin (Nev.) Reese River Reveille.
Aux (George), Mining in Colorado and Montana. MS.
Avery (A.), Hand-book of New Mexico. Denver, ISS1.
Ayer (E. L.), Leadville and its Silver Mines. Chicago, 1879.
Babbitt (A. T.), The Grazing Interest and Beef Supply. MS.
Baker (Wmn and P. J.), Gardening and Agriculture in Colorado. MS.
Balch (Wm R.), The Mines, Miners, and Mining Interests of the United States. Philadelphia, 1882.
Baldwin (Charles P.), Mining in Colorado. MS.
Baldwin (Benjamin F.), Statement. MS.
Ballon (W. T.), Adventures. MS.
Baneroft (Charles), The Footprints of Time. Burlington, 1877.
Baneroft (F. J.), The Air We Breathe. n. p. 1878.
Baneroft (Hubert H.), Colorado Springs. MS .; Colorado Notes. MS. Baneroft (Hubert H.), History of California, 7 vols; History of Arizona and New Mexico; History of Texas and the North Mexican States, 2 vols; History of the Northwest Coast, 2 vols; History of Oregon, 2 vols; His- tory of Utah; History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana; Native Races of the Pacific State, 5 vols; Popular Tribunals, 2 vols.
(xix)
Xx
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
Bancroft Library, Newspaper Scraps Classified under Headings of Agriculture, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Wyoming, Mining, Indians, Rail- roads, etc.
Barber (John W.), and Henry Howe, History of all the Western States and Territories. Cincinnati, 1867.
Barcla (C.), Biography. MS.
Barneby (W. Henry), Life and Labor in the Far West. London, etc., 1SS4. Barnes (Demas), From the Atlantic to the Pacific Overland. N. Y., 1866.
Baskin (O. L.) & Co., History of the Arkansas Valley, Colora.lo. Chicago,
ISS1. History of the City of Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colo. Chicago, 1880. Bassett (Alden), Statement. MS.
Battle Mountain (Nev.) Messenger.
Bayle (William), Politics and Mining. MS.
Beadle (J. H.), The Undeveloped West. Philadelphia, 1873. Western Wilds. Cincinnati, 1879.
Beattie (A. S.), The First in Nevada. MS.
Becker (George F.), Monograph on the Geology of the Comstock Lode. Washington, 1882.
Beckwith (E. G.), Report of Exploration for a Pacific Railroad, n. p., n. d. Belden (Josiah), Statement of Historical Facts. MS.
Belmont (Nev.) Courier.
Benicia (Cal.) Chronicle.
Bennett (John), Mining and Smelting in Colorado. MS.
Bentley (J. A.), Biographical Sketch. MS.
Best (Humphrey), Stock-raising in Colorado. MS.
Bickley and Hartwell's Southern Colorado.
Bidwell (John), California, 1841-S. MS .; Journey to California, 1841. MS. Bigney (F. O.), Colorado Tales and Legends, etc. Pueblo, 1875.
Bird (Isabella L.), Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains. New York, ISS1.
Bismarck (Dak.) Tribune.
Black Hawk (Colo), Colorado Miner; Journal.
Blake's Review (in Mining Magazine, 1860, 221-5).
Blatchly (A.), Mining and Milling in the Reese River region. N. Y., 1857. Boettcher (Charles), The Flush Times of Colorado. MS.
Boise City (Idaho) News.
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