USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 83
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 83
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 83
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794
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT.
Laramie county was divided in 1877, and the north- ern portion given the name of Crook. It remained for some time unorganized, being very sparsely popu- lated. On the western flanks of the Black hills, in
Boswell refused to sell, made the shipping rates so high as to take away his profit, and compell him to sell at their price, $12,000, the property being worth $2,000,000. The soda is from 2 to 21 feet thick, over about 200 acres, and forms as fast as it is removed. Boswell was born in N. H. in 1840, and in 1867 removed, to Cheyenne and went into the drug business, having a branch at Laramie, where he settled himself in 1868. He was sheriff 9 years, during which time he made several arrests of noted desperadoes. See Cook's Hands Up, 143. He has been also U. S. dept. marshal ever since 1869. Fort San- ders took charge of the prisoners before a jail was erected, and had at one period 37 convicts, 14 of whom were in for murder, and all arrested by Bos- well. He was appointed chief of the Wyom. stock-growers' asso. in 1883, and had from 30 to 50 subordinates, recovering stolen stock, and seeing that branding was properly done. He stopped that kind of stealing when the thieves turned their attention to horses, 300 of which were stolen in 1884. The thieves were well organized, and had their stations extending from Oregon to North park, where were their headquarters. In 1881 he engaged in cattle-raising on the Laramie river, 30 miles s. w. of the town of Wyom- ing, where he had 8 miles of river front.
The station of Sherman is the highest point on the U. P. R. R., and has 200 population. Tie Siding, Red Butte, Wyoming, Cooper Lake, Look- out, Miser, Rock Creek, and Wilcox are on the road. Cummins City is on the Laramie, North Park, and Pacific R. R., and has about 300 voters. It is a mining town in the Bramel district, which is partly in this and partly in Carbon co. Laramie City was incorporated in 1873, and reincorporated in 1884. Wyom. Sess. Laws, 1873, 201. Id., 1884, 84.
Among the foremost of the Albany co. men are the following: James H. Hayford, born in Pottsdam, N. Y., in 1826, removed to Cheyenne in 1867, and edited the Rocky Mountain Star for two years, when he came to Laramie and purchased the Laramie Sentinel. He was appointed terr. auditor in 1870. Mr Hayford has been active in forwarding every good undertaking in his city and territory since their foundations were laid.
In regard to newspapers, Laramie has had several which did not long survive. That peripatetic journal, the Frontier Index, belonging to the erratic Freeman, was the first newspaper published in Laramie, the next being the Daily Sentinel, which, after running 2 years, was changed to a weekly. In 1879 the Times newspaper was first issued here. It came from Salt lake originally, where it had been a Danish journal. It was moved to Evanston, and thence to Laramie by C. W. Bramel and L. D. Pease. Pease ran it about 2 years. In March 1880 was organized the Boomerany Publish- ing Co., which issued the d. and w. Boomerang, E. W. Nye editor and man- ager. The stock was held by H. Wagner, J. J. Strode, Jacob Blair, A. S. Peabody, and others. The Times was revived for a short time as the Miss- ing Link, and again as the Tribune. The Boomerang and the Sentinel also sur- vived.
Robert Marsh, an Englishman, came to Wyoming in 1868. He was with the railway co. for 11 years, in various capacities. He was elected mayor of Lara- mie in 1880, through the city council, of which he was a member. He was on the school board 7 years; vice-president of the board of trade several years; and appointed by the county commissioners com'r on live stock brands many years in succession, associated with S. F. Phillips. He thorougly identified himself with the interests of Laramie and the county, and became one of the largest owners in the Wyoming Central Land and Improvement com-
795
WYOMING.
the valleys of Sun Dance and Sand creeks there was an agricultural district and settlements. The small grains were found to do well, and experiment proved that it was not necessary to irrigate in this region, the
pany, from which he himself purchased 50,000 acres. He married a daugh- ter of George Harper, one of the earliest settlers in the county, and has sev- eral children.
Mortimer N. Grant was born at Lexington, Mo., in 1851, and came to Wyoming in 1869 in the service of the gov't as surveyor, and surveyed in every part of the territory.
Thomas Alsop, from Staffordshire, England, discovered the coal banks at Carbon on the railroad, taking out in the winter of 1868, $128,000 worth of coal, locating himself 8 miles above Laramie City on Laramie river. He was elected county commissioner in 1875.
Robert E. Fitch, born in N. Y. in 1843, came to Laramie in 1872, and took charge of the public schools untll 1882.
Ora Haley, born in east Corinth, Me, in 1844, settled himself in Laramie City in 1868, engaging in butchering with Charles Hunton. Haley was elected to the lower house of the ter. legislature in 1871, and in 1881 to the upper house; and was chosen a member of the city council in 1878-9 and 1880. He was highly esteemed in the community, and felt a just pride in his success.
Charles E. Clay, born in Va in 1838, came to Fort Laramie in 1865. In 1875 he removed to Cheyenne; in 1882 to Rock Creek. His brother, William Clay, came to Wyoming in 1875, and established himself in cattle-raising on the Chugwater.
John H. Douglas-Willan was born in Dublin in 1852, of Scotch parent- age, and went to Larimer co., Colo, in 1875 to engage in cattle-raising, but removed in 1877 to Wyoming, locating himself on La Bonté creek in Albany co. In 1883 he formed the Douglas-Willan Sartoris co., of which he was prest and manager.
J. E. Yates, born in Canada in 1834, came to Colo, and enlisted in the 3d Colorado regt in 1864, and was with Chivington at Sand creek. When Cheyenne was founded he removed to this place, and assisted in cstablishing The Leader newspaper. In 1870 he again removed to Laramie, taking a position on the Sentinel, managed by J. H. Hayford. In May 1871 he en- tered into partnership with Hayford, and purchased the Sentinel.
Michael H. Murphy, born in Pa in 1845, came to Laramie City in 1869, and in 1875 was elected on the democratic ticket to a seat in the legislature.
John W. Blake, born in Bridgeton, Me, came to Laramie in 1874, stud- ied law, and was admitted to practice in 1877. In 1884 he was elected to the upper house of the legislature.
Charles W. Spalding, born in Marysville, Ky, in 1835, came to Laramie in 1876, as one of her best citizens.
William Lawrence, born in Scotland, came to Laramie in 1876, engaged in divers business ventures with success.
Otto Gramın, born in Ohio in 1845, came to Laramie City in 1870. The fire department of Laramie was organized by Gramm, aided by Wanless. He was on the school board which made the first purchase of lots for school purposes. In 1878 he was appointed dept. fish commissioner under H. B. Rumsey; was sec. of the board appointed by the legislature in 1882, and ap- pointed ter. fish commissioner in 1884; one of the solid men of Laramie, and a man of culture; was elected probate judge and county treasurer in 1884 for two years. In 1885 he was elected city treasurer.
William Crout, born in N. Y. in 1826, served in both the Mexican and civil war, after which he was sent to the frontier, via Leavenworth and Fort Collins, escorting the mail from Denver to Salt Lake, where he was dis-
796
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT.
precipitation being sufficient for perfecting crops. The farming lands were surrounded by uplands suita- ble for grazing, and the mountains were covered with pine and oak timber. The assessed valuation of improved land, town lots, cattle, and horses, in 1877, was $1,607,882, and of personal property $81,987.
Laramie county proper18 contained 6,800 square miles, and a population of 9,000. Its assessed valua- tion in 1883 was $7,345,055, more than two-thirds of which was in personal property. The amount of property represented by these figures, compared with the population, makes Laramie one of the wealthiest counties in this or any other territory.19
Cheyenne, the county seat and capital of the terri- tory, had a population in 1886 of about 7,000. It was the centre of the stock interests of Wyoming, and portions of Nebraska, Dakota, and Montana, and had a large trade with miners, stockmen, freight contract- ors, and with the military establishments of Camp
charged in the spring of 1866, and in 1883 engaged in stock-raising in Car- bon co., 60 miles due w. of Laramie.
Gustave Schnitger, born in Prussia in 1823, was in 1878 appointed U. S. marshal of Wyoming, with headquarters at Cheyenne. In 1883 he removed to Laramie. William R. Schnitger of Cheyenne, son of Gustave, was dep- uty marshal under his father, and also city marshal of Cheyenne, by ap- pointment and election.
18By reference to U. S. Sen. Doc., 62, p. 99, vol. ii; 41 cong., 2 sess., it will be seen that an attempt was made to have the name of Ogallala adopted in place of Laramie.
19 The average wealth of Colorado, a notably rich state, is over $500 per capita, while the average wealth of Wyoming is nearly $800. The usual av- erage in agricultural counties is $200 to $300 per capita. Carbon county averages over $700 per capita; Albany county $472; Sweetwater $984; and Laramie over $800. It is noteworthy that the only one of these districts which has no railroad property to assess sustains the highest rate of value to the individval. Copper mining districts have been formed in Laramie county at Platte Cañon, Rawhide Buttes, Black Buttes, Sand Creek, and Hurricane. At Silver Crown, an abandoned district, new and rich discov- eries of copper were made in 1882. The first smelting-works erected were at Platte Cañon, twelve miles west of Fort Laramie, in Dec. 1882 by the Wyoming Copper company. There is a coal oil basin in Crook county, in the vicinity of Jenny's stockade. Coal and salt are found in close proxim- ity to the oil. Mica exists in the Laramie range, and a deposit twenty miles north of Fort Laramie was sold to a New York company in 1882, which began shipping it east. This body of coal was discovered by Cyrus Iba in 1880. Associated with Iba in the ownership were Johnson and Edward J. Baker. Iba was born in Pa in 1830, and after busy and adventurous life, came to Cheyenne in 1875, and thence proceeded to the Black hills, where he made his coal discovery and his fortune.
797
WYOMING.
Carlin and Fort Russell. It covered an area of 1,500 acres, was generally well built, and ornamented with shade trees. It had one street, Ferguson, with more handsome residences than any avenue in any town of equal population in the United States.20
20 The first really fine structures were erected by stockmen. This gave confidence to the merchants. Slaughter, Life in Colo and Wyom., MS., 6. The Cheyenne Sun published an especial edition in Sept. 1885, illustrated with views of the churches, school-houses, public amusement halls, and handsome residences, which goes far to substantiate Slaughter's statement. There were 32 private residences delineated, from cottages to mansions costing $40,000; all in excellent taste, and showing the presence of abundant means. The presence of shade trees is largely due to Dwight Fisk, who was mayor in 1877. He brought trees from Colorado, and was careful to attend to their growth. He was born in 1839 near Syracuse, N. Y .; settled himself at Cheyenne, carrying on a business as freight contractor for the gov't, and supplying ties to the railroad. In 1869 he erected a house on Lodge Pole creek, and engaged in cattle-raising. He was a member of the city council of Cheyenne in 1874-5-6.
The school-houses of Cheyenne, particularly the Central school, were of the best order, the latter seating 550 pupils. The library contains 800 vol- umes of well chosen reference books. The graded course requires 8 years for its completion, when the pupil is prepared to enter the high school for a 3 years' course. The catholic academy is a handsome and costly edifice. It is 4 stories high, in the French style of architecture. The whole number of pupils enrolled in 1883 was 604.
The court-house and jail completed in 1872 cost $47,000. It was used for a capitol building in 1873. The city hall, erected in 1874, cost $11,000. The Cheyenne club-house is a modern improvement, being erected in 1881 for the comfort of men of wealth, who objected to hotel living. It was built of brick, and cost $40,000. The club prohibits gambling, and requires a high standard of character in its members. The board of trade has its headquar- ters there, and there are received the prices current of the eastern markets. The opera-house was built of brick, with stone trimmings. The first of seven church organizations was of the methodists, by D. W. Scott, in Sept. 1867. The church edifice was built of wood, in 1871, and dedicated Sept. 23d. A brick parsonage was added; total cost, $6,000.
St Mark's episcopal church was organized Sept. 27, 1868. A wooden edifice was completed on the 23d of Aug., 1869, which was the first building consecrated to worship in the city. The convocation of Colorado and Wy- oming was formed in 1879. St Mary's, catholic, was organized in the spring of 1868, and the same year a building costing $7,000 was completed, which was used for two years, when a new and handsome church, costing $9,000, was erected. The 1st congregational was organized June 13, 1869, by J. D. Davis. A church building was erected on Hill and 19th streets in 1879, and dedicated Dec. 19th; cost, $5,000. The Ist presbyterian was organized, with 9 members, Feb. 1, 1870. A church edifice, costing $6,500, was built, and dedicated July 17, 1870. In 1883 a new church was erected, costing $15,500. A church was erected in 1881 by the baptists, at a cost of $8,000. The colored methodists had their house of worship.
The county hospital, of brick and wood, cost $21,000. Its arrangement for the comfort of the inmates is very complete.
There were, in 1886, three odd fellow lodges, Cheyenne No. 1, instituted April 15, 1868, Hope No. 2, instituted Aug. 30, 1871, Allemania No. 5 (German), instituted Jan. 1, 1883. Wyom. Gr. Lodge, I. O. O. F., 1879. There were four masonic lodges, Cheyenne No. 1, organized Feb. 29, 1868, Wyo- ming No. 1, March 15, 1873, Western Star (col.), March 13, 1879, member-
798
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT.
The stations along the railroad have scanty resources and small populations, a condition which ship 24, Aug. 18, 1880. N. Mex. Proceedings Gr. Lodge, 1879, p. 93. The Knights of Pythias, Cheyenne lodge No. 2, organized Jan. 9, 1875.
Cheyenne fire department organized as follows: Pioneer H. and L. co. in 1867. Its building and apparatus cost $4,500. The Alert Hose co., organ- ized in Oct. 1877; building and apparatus, $3,000. The Durant steam fire- engine co. organized in 1868; apparatus cost $10,000. The J. T. Clark hose co. organized in 1879. Water came from Lake Mahpahlutah, 1} miles north. The city is lighted by electricity, being the first town in the world to use electric lights before gas.
The Wyoming Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, founded in 1882, and located at Cheyenne, is an exponent of the progressive tendencies of the people. The territorial library, at Cheyenne, in 1886 contained over 11,000 vols.
The manufactures of Cheyenne are chiefly those connected with the rail- road car and machine shops, the manufacture of wagons and harness, some small boot and shoe factories, 2 breweries, a planing mill, and foundry and machine works. The most interesting industry pursued here is that of making jewelry out of native metals and gems.
The first of four banks established was the First National, by A. R. Con- verse, in 1871, with a paid up capital of $75,000, which has been increased to $200,000, with a surplus of $50,000. Mr Converse died in the summer of 1883, when T. B. Hicks succeeded to the presidency. The bank of Morton E. Post & Co. was established in 1876 by Stebbins, Post & Co. Stebbins retired in 1883. The Stockgrowers' National bank began business in 1882, its organizers being J. M. Carey, Thomas Sturgis (president), H. G. Hay, and W. C. Lane. Its paid up capital in 1883 was $447,000. The banking house of A. T. Kent is also a savings deposit bank. In 1868 Mowry A. Arnold opened the first savings bank in Wyoming, which continued only until 1873.
Cheyenne had in 1886 three newspapers: The Cheyenne Leader was started in July 1867 by Nathan A. Baker and J. E. Gates. Baker sold in April 1872 to H. Glafeke, who owned it until Oct. 1881, when it was sold to the Leader Printing co., composed of Morton E. Post, A. H. Swan, G. L. Hall, J. W. Collins, J. C. Baird, E. A. Reed, Frank H. Clark, and H. B. Kelly. Before the year was out, the company sold to W. C. Irvine, and he again to Morrow & Sullivan. Soon after it was owned by Morrow alone, and in 1884 it passed into the hands of the Democratic Leader co., composed of W. C. Irvine, J. C. Baird, N. N. Craig, John F. Coad, Fred. Schwartze, Luke Murrin, David Miller, Thomas Mulqueen, Charles F. Miller, Luke Voorhies, C. P. Organ, and others. The democrats needed a newspaper for campaign purposes, and the republicans allowed them to get it.
The Cheyenne Sun was originally the Daily News, started by Benton and Fisher in 1875, and had run about half a year when it was purchased by A. E. Slack, and its name changed to The Sun. Slack started the Independent at Laramie, a daily, changing its name to The Sun, and conferring the name on the News, as above. Slack was born in N. Y. He served in the civil war, and came to Wyoming in 1868, mining for a time at South pass, and running a saw-mill, which furnished lumber to the military posts, until 1871, when he went to Laramie, and engaged in newspaper business. He became sole proprietor of the Sun.
The Northwest Live-stock Journal, devoted entirely to stock interests, was owned and controlled by A. S. Mercer, who, with S. A. Marney, started it in 1883. I have had occasion to mention Mercer in my History of Washington, 216, this series, in connection with the territorial university. He was born in Ill. in 1839, and went to Washington ter. as a surveyor for the govt in 1861. The following year he took charge of the infant university. In 1863 he was appointed com'r of immigration, and proceeded east on this business.
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WYOMING.
must exist so long as grazing without agriculture con- tinues to be the bias of the people. A movement was
He brought back with him in 1864 a number of women who were competent teachers, but who soon married. In 1865 he returned to New England, and brought out a shipload of 300 women, who also soon settled in homes of their own. He erected the first grain wharf at Astoria in 1866, and originated the project of shipping direct to the east by sailing vessels. He sent the first cargo of wheat from Oregon to Liverpool, assisted by a pool of farmers. In 1874 he started the Oregon Granger at Albany, but soon went to Texas, and started the Sherman Courier, and no less than 5 other newspapers at dif- ferent points in Tex. before coming to Cheyenne, in 1883.
The Wyoming Tribune was started Nov. 20, 1869, by Edward M. Lee, Samuel A. Bristol editor. It suspended in Sept. 1872. Bristol was born in Conn. in 1841, migrated to Colo in 1867, and to Cheyenne in 1869. The first exclusively job printing office and book bindery in Wyoming was started in May 1882 by Bristol and John J. Knopf, the latter soon selling out to Wil- liam M. Knabe. Bristol's Newspaper Press, MS., is a history of these journals.
Of other publications which had but a brief existence at Cheyenne was the Star, started by O. T. B. Williams in 1867, which ran for about 1 year. The Argus, a democratic newspaper, started in 1867 by L. L. Bedell, and suspended in 1869. It was resuscitated by Stanton and Richardson, prac- tical printers, but only ran a few weeks. The Cheyenne Gazette, established by Webster, Johnson, and Garrett in 1876, only ran a few months, and was removed to the Black hills. It came originally from Plattsmouth, Neb., to Laramie City, where it was called the Chronicle, the name it bore at Platts- mouth. Directories of Cheyenne and Laramie were published about 1873 by J. H. Triggs. A. R. Johnson and T. N. Tuthill published a Cheyenne Direc- tory in 1883, from which I have made some quotations. For other notes about Cheyenne, I have consulted Wyoming Territorial Affairs, MS., consist- ing of selected extracts from the Cheyenne Sun, 1875; Slaughter, Life in Colo and Wyom., MS .; Wyominy Indians and Settlers, MS., consisting of selected extracts on the subject indicated, taken from the Cheyenne Sun, 1876, and containing a pretty full history of the Bighorn and Black hills expeditions; Wyoming Miscellany, MS., consisting of selected extracts from the Cheyenne Weekly Tribune, 1869-70; Boettcher, Flush Times of Colorado, MS., 1; Bowles, The Switzerland of America, 16-17; Graff, 'Graybeard,' Colorado, 27; Strahorn, Hand-book of Wyom., 142-5; Hayden, Great West, 204-8; Corlett, Foundiny of Cheyenne, MS .; Ingersoll, Knocking Around the Rockies, 31; Rept Gov. Wyom., 1881, and 1883, and many private dictations.
There were few towns in Laramie county. Hartville, Fairbank, and Millersburg, on the North Platte river, are camps belonging to the copper mines. Chugwater is a road station at the south end of the timber region. Hat Creek is a post-office merely. There are a great number of ranchos, and the land is largely occupied and owned by cattle raisers. F. B. Haight lives at Chugwater, and John Storrie at Hat Creek. The amount of land surveyed, in 1882, in Wyoming was 412,270.91 acres; sold, 58,307.25 acres. In 1883 there were 1,216,611.03 acres surveyed, and 187,488.65 acres sold. In Laramie and Johnson counties there were incorporated in 1882-3 seven- teen irrigating canals, tunnels, and ditches.
Horace A. Roy, born in Ia in 1857, in 1881 came to Cheyenne as surveyor. He ran the 11th auxiliary meridian 172 miles, from Latham north to Beaver creek, and the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th standard parallels, subdividing and sectionizing this area, under the contract of C. W. Brown. In 1884. he was elected surveyor of Laramie co., in which he ran nearly 2,000 miles of lines, including the irrigating ditches of the Ione Land company and the Union Cattle company.
Among the leading residents of Cheyenne, most of them at some time stock-raisers, are: J. M. Carey, who first engaged in the business in 1871
800
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT.
made in the direction of agriculture by the Wyoming Development company of Cheyenne, which, in 1883,
with his brother. He drove Texas cattle into the country, and improved them.
One of the first to engage in stock-raising was E. W. Whitcomb, born in Oxford, Mass, who came to Wyoming in 1857, freighting for Johnson's army en route to Salt lake. In the spring of 1868 he went to the north Platte. He made a business of stock-raising, including sheep.
Another early stock-raiser was H. B. Kelly, born in Mo. in 1834. He was elected to the ter. council in 1875. The following year he burnt a kiln of brick, and erected a house on the Chugwater, where he remained until 1880, when he sold a herd on that range to the Swan Land and Cattle co. for $105,000, and put another herd on the north Crazy Woman creek of Powder river, which he sold soon after for $100,000, and turned his attention to rais- ing high grade bulls. He was elected county commissioner in 1881, and reelected 1884.
John Hunton, born in Va in 1839, came to Wyoming in 1867. In 1884 he incorporated his stock as the John Hunton Cattle company.
John W. Snyder, born in Wis. in 1837, after a life of vicissitudes, with his brother drove from Texas 3,300 stock cattle to Nebraska, and sold them to Edward Creighton at Omaha. In 1876 they came to Cheyenne.
A. C. Snyder, a native of Pa, came to Cheyenne in 1869. He engaged in stock business on the Chugwater.
Mowry A. Arnold is of the Rhode Island family which settled in that state in 1635; migrated to Colo in 1865, and mined and taught school at Cen- tral. In 1867 he came to Cheyenne and taught. His wife was elected supt of public schools of Laramie co. in 1871, holding the office two years.
Charles F. Coffee born in Mo. in 1847; in 1871 he moved to Cheyenne from Texas, and raised high grade cattle and horses.
A. H. Swan came to Wyoming in 1872, and in 1874 was joined by his brother, Thomas Swan, and they were in time among the largest owners north of Texas. Among their first investments was the purchase of John Sparks' herd on the Chugwater. They invested heavily with a Scotch syndicate under the name of Swan Brothers' Land and Cattle co., and con- trolled 200,000 head. They purchased a large herd of A. R. Converse in 1884, and made other purchases in the territory without moving the cattle, and had between 40 and 50 ranchos.
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