History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888, Part 56

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Victor, Frances Fuller, Mrs., 1826-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: San Francisco : The History company
Number of Pages: 872


USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 56
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 56
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 56


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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SANGRE DE CRISTO


Mule Shoeswith Curve


VETA MOUNTAIN Elevation 11,512


DUMP


Veta


C


MOUNTAIN


Highest Point reached by any Railroad in North America


4


211 ft.


211 ft.


75 ft.


Garland,


52 ft.


1880


La Veta 6,970 ft.


20 miles


1416-miles-


MAP OF THE ALIGNMENT OF THE DENVER AND RIO GRANDE R. R. AROUND DUMP MOUNTAIN.


to the 'Carbonate Camp.' It was soon afterward sold to the Union Pacific, and extended by way of Alpine pass across the snowy range to the Gunnison country, and also through the ten-mile region to Leadville. It comprises about 300 miles of road with steep grades, and abounds in magnificent scen- ery. The Denver, Utah, and Pacific is another Denver enterprise, and runs to the mouth of the St. Vrain canon, a distance of 44 miles. The Denver Circle railway was organized November 16, 1880, with W. A. H. Loveland president. The design was to surround the city, and induce settlement in the environs, making it convenient for manufacturers and stockmen to locate their factories and yards upon the line. About five miles of narrow-gauge road were constructed. Of railroads outside of Colorado, yet connected with the interstate lines, the first, after the Kansas Pacific, to extend a long arm to Denver, was the Burlington and Colorado, the extension of the Bur- lington and Missouri river, itself a part of the great Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy system, by which Denver was first given an unbroken connection with Chicago. The Burlington reached Denver May 28, 1882. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé had previously been built to Pueblo, from which point it reached Denver over the rails of the D. & R. G. At La Junta its main California line diverged southward, and passing Trinidad climbed Raton pass on the southern border of the state.


RANGE


Maximum Grade per mile


Veta Pass


9,339 ft.


556


DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.


by the Pacific company, the contractors being Charles M. Stebbins and Edward Creighton. A proposition


William A. H. Loveland, a native of Mass., has been called the founder of the mountain system of railroads. He served in the Mexican war, and was wounded at Chapultepec. Was in Cal. 5 years, and finally came to Colorado and settled in Golden. He obtained the right of way up Clear Creek cañon for a wagon road, which he built, and which became the germ of the railroad. He was also interested in newspapers, having purchased the Rocky Mountain News of its original owners in 1878, and was afterward in- terested in the management of the Leadville Democrat.


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RAILROADS OF COLORADO.


Isaac W. Chatfield was a contractor on the Denver and South Park, building the principal portion between Denver and Littleton. He owned 720 acres in the Platte valley, near Littleton, and also engaged in selling groceries at Leadville in 1879. He was one of the projectors of the Ten-


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557


TELEGRAPH LINES.


was made to the citizens of Denver to construct a branch to that place on certain conditions, which were rejected. An agency was then established for for- warding messages to Julesburg, a distance of 200 miles, by the daily coach, from which point they were forwarded by telegraph, and answers received in the same manner. This arrangement lasted for two years, the business being so important that in the spring of 1863 Creighton made another proposition, which was accepted, and a branch to Denver completed October 1st. A branch line to Central was soon put in oper- ation. The receipts from the Denver office, B. F. Woodward, manager, were not infrequently $5,000 a month, and the first year's net income was more than twice the cost of the line. This line reached Denver from Julesburg by a cut-off to Fort Morgan and via Living springs, which was adopted by the stage-line from the Platte. In 1865 the Pacific Telegraph company was merged in the Western Union company, which extended a line from Denver to Salt Lake, via Fort Collins and Virginia Dale, abandoning the old route via Laramie, making Denver the repeating sta- tion for California despatches. In 1866 the United States and Mexico Telegraph company was organized, mainly in Denver, the directors being D. H. Moffat, H. M. Porter, F. Z. Salomon, W. N. Byers, S. H. Elbert, and B. F. Woodward. Porter was president. The line was completed to Santa Fé in 1867, but the intention to continue it to Mexico was frustrated by mile, Kokomo, and Breckenridge railroad, and contracted for the extension of the Eagle river branch of the Rio Grande, through Tennessee pass. See further, Leadville Democrat, Jan. 1, 1881.


For railroad matters I have consulted some chapters in Hist. Denver, 248- 64; Hall's Annual Report, Chamb. Com., 1884, 13-16; Descriptive America, May 1884, 27; Official Railroad Guide of Colorado; Cong. Globe, 1871-2, 1400; Leadville Democrat, Dec. 31, 1881; Barneby's Life and Labor in the Far, Far West, 2-3; Denver Tribune, Dec. 12, 1879, and Nov. 18, 1880; Evans' Inter- view, MS., 7; Colorado Gazetteer, 1871, 119-24; Faithful's Three Visits, 149; Byers' Hist. Colo, MS., 22-6; Leadville Chronicle Annl; Graff's Colo, 57-62, 66-7, 76-8; Stone's Land Grants, MS., 6-7; Elbert, Public Men and Measures, MS., 7; Brickley and Hartwell's Southern Colo, 61-7; First Annual Rept Den- ver Pacific R. R .; Hayden's Great West, 101; Denver Rocky Mountain News, May 20 and Dec. 16, 1868, Jan. 27, 1869, and Jan. 18, 21, and 25, June 22, and Sept. 25, 1870; Denver Tribune, Nov. 28, 1879, and April 16 and May 29, 1880; Report State Geologist, 1881-2, 1-27.


558


DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.


the disorders in that country. A contract was made with the Denver Pacific Railway company to extend the line to Cheyenne the same year, and in 1870 a controlling interest was sold to the Western Union, of which Woodward was appointed assistant superin- tendent. This company soon controlled all the lines in Colorado.


The first street railway in Denver was completed in January 1872 by a company incorporated in 1867,8 with a charter for thirty-five years. In 1871 a Chi- cago company, headed by L. C. Ellsworth, purchased the franchise and began the construction, the Champa street line being the first section operated, extending from 27th and Champa to the station of the South park railroad in west Denver, a distance of two miles. In 1873 the north Denver branch was completed, 22 miles. In 1874 the Broadway branch was completed, 14 on 16th street and Broadway, and a mile between 23d street and Park avenue. In 1876 14 miles addi- tional were opened on Larimer street, from 16th toward the fair-grounds.


The area of incorporated Denver is 132 square miles, but with its several additions it is nearly twenty-one square miles. Its population is 125,000, or something more, and it publishes over twenty jour- nals of all kinds. It has 500 miles of irrigating ditches within city limits, and 300,000 shade trees. Among its public buildings the city-hall, built of stone, cost $190,000; the opera-house, of brick and stone, $850,000; the court-house, of stone, $300,000; the Union Railway station, $450,000; the episcopal cathedral, brick, $100,000. The public schools of Denver are second to none in the world. As a rule, the teachers are efficient, and in the boards of man- agement there is comparatively little of the igno- rance, stupidity, and rascality too often found in such


8 The incorporators were Amos Steck pres., D. A. Cheever, sec., Moses Hallett, Wilson Stinson, David J. Martin, Lewis N. Tappan, Edward C. Strode, Robert M. Clark, Alfred H. Miles, Luther Kountze, Freeman B. Crocker, Cyrus H. Mclaughlin, J. S. Waters, and M. M. DeLanc.


559


EDUCATION.


bodies during these latter days of progress and high enlightenment. Twenty-one school-houses cost $700,- 000, not one-half of which amount went into the pockets of aldermen, school-directors, or contractors. A course in the high school fits the graduate for enter- ing a college or university. 9 Private and denomina-


tional schools find liberal support. Of the latter


90. J. Goldrick was the pioneer of education in Colorado, opening a school in Denver in 1859. He was afterward for several years city editor of the Rocky Mountain News, canvasser, and correspondent. From Denver he went to Salt Lake, where he was managing editor of the Vidette. The Mor- mons not liking his paper gave him waruing to leave, and he returned to Den- ver in 1868, where he published a paper until 1882, and where he died. Byers' Centennial State, MS., 18. In 1862 private schools were opened by Miss Ring and Miss Indiana Sopris. The school board of dist no. 1, of Arapahoe co., was organized Oct. 23, 1862, Amos Steck pres .; Lewis N. Tappan sec .; Joseph B. Cass treas. Gove, Education in Denver, MS., 1-6. Goldrick was elected superintendent of schools for Arapahoe co. in that year, and organ- ized the first public school, for which provision had been made by the legis- lature, on ground in the rear of West Lindell hotel, A. R. Brown being the principal. He had two assistants and 140 pupils. Previous to 1871 the school fund was applied only to the support of teachers and other current expenses; but in that year a movement was made to acquire school property. Amos Steck had, in 1868, presented the local board with three lots on Arapahoe street. In 1870-71, 5 more lots were purchased in the same block, for which $3,500 was paid. In 1872 bonds were issued for $75,000, payable 10 per cent in 5 years, and 10 per cent annually thereafter, bearing interest at one per cent monthly. In this year the Arapahoe school building was completed. It was built of brick and stone, three stories high, containing 11 school-rooms and one class-room, with a basement fitted up for the residence of the janitor, the whole heated with hot-air furnaces, and well ventilated and lighted. The entire cost was $79,205.47. In 1873-74 the legislature created the city of Denver a special school district. Four of the wards, the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th, availed them- selves of the privileges of the act. From 1872 to 1874 the Arapahoe build- ing and some rooms in the methodist academy (discontinued) served for school purposes; but it was found necessary then to erect another building, which was placed on Stout street, and cost $24,089.19, containing 8 rooms. Previous to the opening of this school, F. C. Garbutt had been superintend- ent, with a corps of 17 teachers. He was succeeded in 1874 by Aaron Gove, a man of high attainments and remarkable educational and executive ability, who employed 25 teachers, and who established the 9th, or first high-school grade, to which 108 pupils were admitted. Three more grades completed the course in the high school, and prepared the graduate for college. The first class graduated in 1877. H. I. Hale, one of the class, passed a highly creditable examination on entering West Point as a cadet. In 1875 the schools had again become so crowded that relief was obtained by renting, and the same year 16 lots were purchased on Broadway, on which the third large building of brick and stone was erected at a cost of $28,645. But so rapid was the increase of growth in the population of Denver about this time, that in 1876 it became necessary to rent rooms for four new schools. Addi- tion was yearly made to these accommodations until 1879, when 10 lots were purchased in the eastern part of the city, and an elegant stone building, cost- ing $28,000 erected thereon. The Broadway school was also enlarged, and the Arapahoe school relieved by renting; the number of pupils in all the pub- lic schools having reached 2,700.


560


DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.


there are several, the principal of which belong to the catholics, episcopalians, and methodists. The uni- versity of Denver, an outgrowth of the Colorado seminary, established by the methodists in 1864, is conducted under the auspices of that church, though as a non-sectarian institution. In character and scholarship it compares favorably with eastern col- leges. There are fifty-four religious societies11 in Denver, many of them owning elegant and valuable church property.


. 10 Byers, Centennial State, MS., 30-1; University of Denver.


11 The first recorded religious services in Denver took place in 1859, when a methodist preacher, named Hammond, began holding services in an unfin- ished building on Larimer street, between 15th and 16th streets. In Jan. 1860 the venerable J. H. Kehler, an episcopalian minister, held services in Goldrick's school-house, on McGaa (later Holladay) street. Afterward a room was secured in Ruter's block, and an episcopalian church organized. About the same time a southern methodist church was organized by a preacher named Bradford, and a small brick church erected at the corner of Arapahoe and 14th streets. This was the first church edifice erected in Denver, and was sold to the episcopalians in 1861, when Bradford and many of his congre-


gation went to the assistance of the southern confederacy. That year the missionary bishop, Talbot, of the episcopalians, visited Denver, and before he would dedicate the church required it to be free of debt; $500 was raised and the church dedicated. On the I5th of Dec., 1861, A. S. Billingsley organized the First Presbyterian church of Denver, under instructions from the board of domestic missions, old school, which held its services at Interna- tional hall, on Ferry street, in west Denver, then known as Auraria. Of the 18 members, 11 were women. In April 1862 Billingsley left, and A. R. Day succeeded him in November, who seems to have been an active missionary, for he soon secured the donation of a lot from Maj. John S. Fillmore, pay- master U. S. A., on 15th street, between Arapahoe and Lawrence. Liberal contributions were made by citizens, and the mission board gave $600, so that in 1863 an edifice of brick was begun, 37x65 feet, ground area, which was completed in 1865, when Day resigned, and J. B. McClure of Ill. became pas- tor after several months, during which the pulpit was vacant. He preached two years, when again the church was left without a pastor until 1868, when A. Y. Moore of Ind. succeeded, but not being supported by the mission board, resigned the same year. The church then negotiated with the new school board to be taken in charge and connected with the presbytery of Chicago, a call being extended to E. P. Wells to preach to them. On the 20th of Nov., 1868, the church was incorporated, and on the 28th Wells was installed pas- tor, who remained in charge 6 years. In 1871 the church became self-sup- porting, and in 1874 adopted the name of Central Presbyterian Church. By this time the membership had outgrown the edifice, and in May 1875 property was purchased at the corner of Champa and 18th streets for the site of a new church. The corner-stone was laid Jan. 6, 1876, and the building so far com- pleted as to be occupied in 1878. During this period, Wells having resigned in 1875, Willis Lord was pastor for one year, when ill health compelled his resignation, and Dr Reed officiated until Dec. 1878, when his death occurred. The edifice for which they labored cost $50,000, and had a membership of between 400 and 500. The 17th street presbyterian church was founded by that portion of the parent church which maintained its connection with the old-school board, and solicited the ministrations of their former pastor, Day, who continued with them until April 1869, when he went to preach at Boulder.


561


RELIGION.


The material for substantial building being conven- ient, the prevailing style of domestic architecture is good, not a few private residences costing from $20,000 to $100,000, and a less number from $45,000


He was succeeded by C. M. Campbell, who preached until April 1870, in which year the Colorado presbytery was organized. In Feb. of that year the name was changed to Westminster church, which it did not long retain before resuming its former one. In July 1870 W. Y. Brown became pastor, and in 1872, after several years of meeting in rented rooms and other churches, an edifice of brick, in the Gothic style of architecture, with windows of stained glass, presented by eastern sunday-schools, and capable of seating 300 per- sons, was completed and dedicated March 10th. The cost of this church was $12,200. In 1873 Brown was succeeded in the pastorate by R. T. Sample, who, in 1874, withdrew, and was followed by C. H. Hawley, who, in 1876, gave way to I. W. Monfort, and he, in 1877, to J. H. Kerr ..


The Dutch Reformed church began with the organization in 1871 of a society of persons of this belief, who held meetings every Sunday. In the autumn they purchased two lots on the corner of Lawrence and 23d streets for $800. In the following April a church organization was effected by Flo- rain Spalti, Casper Gugolz, John U. Gabathuler, and William Nordloh. The Ohio synod was called upon to extend its aid, and sent J. A. Keller to report upon the prospect. On his representation the board of missions sent F. Hatzmetz to preach. A church edifice was commenced, when Hatzmetz returned to Ohio, and Keller replaced him, the church being completed in 1874. It was constructed of brick and stone, and cost $5,300. The member- ship of this church was small in proportion to English-speaking congrega- tions.


The first methodist preaching, as stated above, was by the 'church south.' It had no regular organization until July 16, 1871, when A. A. Morrison became its pastor. A lot was purchased on Arapahoe street, and a church erected. Morrison was succeeded in 1872 by W. H. Warren; in 1873 by E. M. Mann; in 1874 by W. C. Hearn; in 1875 by W. G. Miller; in 1876 by William Harris; and in 1877 by W. J. Phillips. In 1874 the church was admitted to the conference of Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, and remain- ing until 1878, when the Colorado conference was formed. In 1878-9 the church was enlarged, handsomely finished, and refurnished.


Hammond, the first missionary of the methodist church in Denver, returned to the Kansas conference, was reappointed in 1860, and died before starting. J. M. Chivington was made presiding elder of the district of Colo- rado, and, there being no preacher, filled the Denver pulpit until 1861, when he ceased to war against irreligion and went out to fight southerners as major of Gilpin's Ist Col. reg. of volunteers. Upon Chivington's resignation, a Mr Dennis preached for a year, and the 3d year Oliver Willard. Meetings had been held wherever room could be obtained-in a building on Larimer, between 12th and 13th streets, in the second story of the court-house, in Henry C. Brown's carpenter-shop, and in the people's theatre, on Larimer street. The first methodist conference of Colorado was held at Denver in 1863, Bishop Ames presiding, who urged the members present to erect a church, offering to give $1,000 toward it, and also to erect a seminary. The conference appointed Willard presiding elder, and George Richardson preacher. A site for a church was selected on Lawrence street, and the corner stone laid in 1864. The seminary being first completed, was used as a meeting-house until the church was completed in 1865, and William M. Smith made pastor. He was succeeded in 1866 by B. T. Vincent; in 1868 by John L. Peck; in 1870 by Thomas R. Slicer; in 1872 by himself; in 1874 by J. R. Eads; and in 1877 by Larl Cranston. In 1872, the membership increasing with the spread of the city, a branch church was built on California street. The following year


HIST. NEV. 36


562


DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.


to $500,000. The Holly system of water supply was introduced and over sixty artesian wells bored, some of which have a flow of 100,000 gallons a day, and it was in contemplation to erect a reservoir on high


a German methodist church was erected at the suggestion of Conrad Frick, and Mr Reitz, members of the parent organization. It was constructed of brick and stone, and cost $14,000. The first pastor was Philip Kuhl, also the first German protestant preacher in Colorado. He was succeeded by J. G. Leist and M. Klaiber. In 1874 St James methodist church, in the southern part of Denver, was erected at a cost of $5,000. In 1877 Ex-gov. Evans erected a small but handsome chapel of Morrison stone, in the south-western part of the city, which was intended as a memorial edifice to his daughter Mrs Elbert. The colored methodists of Denver completed a substantial brick church on Stout street in 1879, mainly by the efforts of Seymour, an enlightened and active preacher.


The begnining made by Kehler of the episcopal church has been men- tioned. He continued to hold services in the school-house, until during war times he was crowded out by an excited public, which had made a reading- roon of it which they frequented on all days of the week. He then removed to a building owned by Byand, a vestryman, on the site of the American house, and thence to Appollo hall, a log house in the rear of the present News office, thence to where Taylor's museum now stands, and again to the district court-room at the corner of 18th and Larimer streets, the rector having his residence in the upper story of the court-house. Finally, in 1861, the small brick church of the southern methodists was purchased and rededicated as St John's Episcopal church, and the congregation found a home. In 1862 Father Kehler, being chosen chaplain of the Ist Colorado regiment, followed whither Chivington had gone, remaining with the regiment during its term of service; nor did he ever return to church duties, being well advanced in years. H. B. Hitchings was the 2d pastor of St Johns, and remained until 1869, being succeeded by Bishop Randall, who advocated establishing boys' and girls schools. Wolfe hall, a girl's school, named after a lady patroness, was begun in 1867, and the main building completed in 1868. It was enlarged in 1873, and again in 1879, and cost about $50,000. The corner-stone of the boys' school was laid Sept. 23, 1868, at Golden. This building was named Jarvis hall, after George E. Jarvis of Brooklyn, N. Y., who gave liberally towards its erection. Before it was completed it was blown to pieces in a tornado. but immediately rebuilt. A theological school in connection with Jarvis hall, was erected in 1871-2 by Nathan Matthews of Boston, and called Matthews hall, and which was formally opened Sept. 19, 1872. Jarvis made a second contribution of $10,000 to be invested until the principal reached $20,000, when the interest should be applied to the education of young men for the ministry. In April 1878 Jarvis and Matthews halls were destroyed by fire. Randall, to whom the inception of these educational movements was due, died in 1874, beloved and regretted, Randall, Biog., MS., 1-33, and was succeeded by Bishop John F. Spaulding, and P. Voorhees Finch became rector of St John's, who was succeeded in 1879 by H. Martyn Hart, of England. Randall was a man of great self-sacrifice and abilities. He was a son of an able jurist of R. I., in which state he was born in 1809. He was a graduate of Brown university and of the theological seminary of New York. Trinity Reformed Episcopal church, was organized in Denver, Nov. 16, 1879, by Thompson L. Smith, J. R. Smith, and J. W. May, wardens. The congregation secured a small but elegant church erected by unitarians, at the corner of California and 17th streets. The first vestrymen were Currie T. Frith, J. Johnson, W. A. Hardinbrook, James Creighton, Samuel Copping, Thomas L. Wood, and Lewis. In the same year the convocation of Wyoming and Colorado was formed. In 1875 Trinity Memorial chapel was erected. In 1876 Emanuel


563


WATER SUPPLY


ground, and make the water from artesian wells sup- ply the city in the future. The drainage of the city is good, much attention being given to promote the healthfulness of the metropolis by the board of


chapel in West Denver was built. Connected with it was All Saints' mission of North Denver. In 1879 Jarvis hall was rebuilt at Denver. The episco- pal cathedral erected since 1879 is a beautiful church, costing $100,000. The value of episcopal church and school property in Denver in 1886 was $250,000.


The baptists sent a missionary, Walter McD. Potter, to Denver in 1862 to spy out the ground, and in the following year appointed him missionary. He held his first meeting Dec. 27, 1863, having a congregation of 14 persons. Little advance was made before March 1864, when a Sunday-school was formed and held its sessions in the U. S. court-room, on Ferry street. On May 2d, the first Baptist church of Denver was organized, the members being Miss Lucy K. Potter, Francis Gallup, Henry B. Leach, Mesdames A. Voorhies, L. Burdsall, L. Hall, A. C. Hall, and Miss E. Throughman. The flood of 1864 having washed away, soon afterward, their place of meeting, they next resorted to the People's theatre, where they continued to meet during that year, removing to a school-house on Cherry street in 1865. In Dec. Potter was compelled by ill health to cease his pastoral labor, and soon after died. In May 1866 Ira D. Clark became pastor for one year, preaching in the U. S. district court-room on Larimer street until Dec. In the meantime a church had been commenced at the corner of Curtis and 16th streets, which, in an unfinished state, was used for a lecture-room, but which was never completed. In May 1868 A. M. Averill became pastor for a year, after which the church was without one until Nov. 1870, when Lewis Raymond succeeded to the charge for a short time, followed by another season of silence in the pulpit, though the members kept up their organization. In 1872 Winfield Scott assumed charge of the church, and began energetically to labor for the erection of a suitable edifice. Francis Gallup having received some lots on the corner of Curtis and 18th streets, in payment for some favors done the Baptist home mission in the matter of land preempted by Potter, and bequeathed to the mission, presented these lots to the church, and on this site was erected in 1872 a church costing altogether $15,000. In 1875 Scott resigned, and was succeeded by T. W. Green and A. J. Frost the same year, and by F. M. Ellis in 1876. In 1879 the membership was 330, and church property worth $25,- 000. Since that time a large and handsome church has been erected by this denomination. There were in 1866 two colored baptist churches in the city: Zion church, on Arapahoe street near 20th, and Antioch church, at the cor- ner of Wazee and 23d streets. Samuel Shepard was the first pastor of Antioch church. Neither were so well off financially as the colored metho- dist church.




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