USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 57
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 57
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 57
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Denver had no congregational organization before 1865. In that year Mrs Richard Sopris and daughters, Irene and Indiana, Mrs Davis, Mrs Zolles, D. G. Peabody, E. E. Hartwell, Samuel Davis, and Mr Haywood formed themselves into a church. Mr Crawford preached; Mrs Davis was organist at their meetings, and the Misses Sopris sang in the choir. At first the meet- ings were held in the U. S. district court-rooms, and among their temporary preachers were Norman McLeod, and Mr Blanchard of Wheaton college, Ill. In 1868, lots were purchased on the corner of Curtis and 15th streets, and a church edifice erected in 1869-70. The first pastor was Thomas E. Bliss. In 1873 Bliss, with a part of the congregation separated from this church and established St Paul's church, at the corner of Curtis and 20th, which subse- quently became presbyterian. After the secession of Bliss, Julien M. Sturde- vant, Jr, took charge for 4 years, during which the church prospered. He was succeeded by Charles C. Salter, who preached two years, and by S. R. Dimmock. A congregational chapel was built at the corner of Larimer and
564
DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.
health, under the superintendence of the state board,12. established in 1877.
Arapahoe county, and more particularly Denver, is the largest manufacturing district in the state. The iron and brass foundries and machine-works turned out in 1886 products worth $685,000; the flouring- mills about $1,738,000; the breweries $938,000; the wagon and carriage shops $113,000; the canneries $35,000; the clothing manufactories $790,000; the furniture factories $195,000; sash and blind factories $280,000; manufactories of iron fences $14,000; of harness and saddles $83,000, besides a great variety of lesser manufactures.
The total product of Denver's manufactures in 1886 was $24,045,000, of which $12,334,143 was in bullion produced by the smelters, of whom there were in that year three large and several smaller ones. Denver
3Ist streets in 1879, George C. Lamb pastor. The parent church afterward erected a handsome edifice. These are all the early protestant churches of Denver standing in 1886.
The catholics were the first to erect a house of worship here, as in most new towns in the west. When fathers Joseph P. Machebeuf and J. R. Rav- erdy came to Denver in 1860 they set themselves to work to finish what had been begun, and soon they had raised subscriptions enough to proceed with the work. Theirs was the first bell, and the first pipe-organ. This early church on Stout street was the root of the present cathedral. It was but 30 by 50 feet in size at first. A small house was added for the bishop's residence, which in 1871 was replaced by a brick residence. The following year the church was enlarged, and in 1873 it had grown into a cathedral. As early as 1864 the academy of St Mary was established on California street, and placed in charge of three sisters of the order of Loretto in Ky. The buildings were enlarged from time to time until they presented an imposing appearance, and accommodated many pupils and teachers. Branch schools have been planted in other towns under the care of this order. There was in 1886 a parish school adjoining the cathedral. A catholic hospital was opened in 1872, under the care of the sisters of charity. It was situated on Park avenue, and was a substantial brick structure, 45x75 feet, and three stories high. According to their usual premeditated plans of acquiring valuable property, the catholics of Denver and Colorado have become possessed of excellent sites in this and all the towns. Denver Hist., 268-84; Denver Tribune, Jan. 4, 1880; Descriptive America, May 1884, p. 17; Colo Gazetteer, 1871, p. 133-40; Corbett's Directory of Mines, 64-5; Hart's Boy-Education, pp. 37-41; Chivington's The Prospector, MS., 3; Howbert's Ind. Troubles, MS., 8; Chivington's First Colo Regt, MS., 1. Another manuscript of Chivington's, The Retrospective, gives also a slight sketch of the M. E. church in the beginnings.
12 According to law, the county commissioners of any county where no other board exists shall constitute a board of health, with all the duties usually pertaining to that office. Much interesting matter may be found in the Rept State Board of Health, 1877 and 1879-80.
565
INDUSTRIES.
is the leading ore market of the state, and in 1886 its smelters and samplers received and handled 180,173 tons of gold and silver bearing ores. The total business of the city in the same year, exclusive of real estate sales, which aggregated $11,000,000, exceeded $56,500,000.
As early as the spring of 1861 a chamber of com- merce was organized at Denver, but was soon after- ward abandoned. In 1867 another attempt in the same direction was made through the establishment of a board of trade,13 which, on account of some de- fect in its general constitution, was also less success- ful than its promoters desired. This being recognized, early in 1854 some of its principal members formed a permanent and effective organization, with which the old board was consolidated. The first officers of this new chamber of commerce were R. W. Woodbury, president; M. J. McNamara and J. F. Mathews, vice-presidents; Frank Hall, secretary; and Wil- liam D. Todd, treasurer. Good and efficient work has from the first been done by this organization in directing the enterprise of Denver, while advancing and protecting its business interests. Its annual reports are models of statistical compilation, and to them I am much indebted for the facts concerning the business growth and development of Denver and the state at large. Under the auspices of the then- existing board of trade was established the national mining and industrial exposition, which made its first exhibit in 1882,14 erecting a group of buildings which covered seven acres, situated in the midst of
. 13 I find in Extracts from Early Records, MS., 7, the names of the officers of the Denver Board of Trade. They are taken from a pamphlet published by the board, entitled Colorado. John W. Smith pres., William N. Clayton and John Pierce vice-pres., Henry C. Leach sec., Frank Palmer treas., Henry M. Porter, J. S. Brown, V. J. Salomon, D. H. Moffat, Jr, H. H. T. Grill and Joseph E. Bates directors.
1+ The board of commissioners of the exposition, appointed by the board of trade in 1884, consisted of W. A. H. Loveland pres., R. W. Woodbury vice-pres., A. E. Pierce treas., Irwin Mahon sec., Joseph C. Wilson supt of space, R. G. Webster, B. P. Broshear, B. F. Woodward, and E. B. Light.
566
DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.
a tract of forty acres. 15 The object of the exposition was primarily to draw the eyes of the world upon Colorado and Denver, in which effort the enterprise was successful, the mineral museum, containing speci- mens from every mine in Colorado and many camps in the adjacent states, being of itself sufficient to entitle the exposition to particular notice. The design con- templated an annual exhibit, but after the third had been held in 1884 the project fell to the ground by reason of an unfortunate conflict of interests among its managers and supporters.
At the first session of the forty-seventh congress a bill was passed making Denver a port of delivery for dutiable merchandise; 16 and another bill at the same session, admitting articles to the Denver exposition free of duty, provided that none of these articles should be sold or consumed without paying revenue. A bill was also passed making provision for the erec- tion of a government building in Denver for the accommodation of the United States district and cir-
15 The main building was a substantial and handsome cruciform struc- ture of brick, 500 feet long by 310 in width. The floor, with its towers and angles, contained nearly 100,000 square feet of space, and the galleries half as much more. The exhibit in the hall of arts in 1882 was estimated to be worth $200,000. The departments which offer premiums are, first, minerals and metals, and their products, including ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, and iron; coal, anthracite, bituminous, cannel, and lignite; cabinets of min- erals of all kinds; fire-clay, manufactured; porcelain ware; hydraulic cement; lime, brick, etc .; marble, lithographic stone, soapstone, gypsum, precious stones, native chemicals; bullion, gold, silver; pig-lead, pig-iron, steel-rails; iron-rails, nails, bar-iron, sheet-lead, and lead pipe. The second department comprises 73 kinds of machinery used in mining and agriculture; third de- partment, 18 kinds of vehicles; fourth department, 34 kinds of leather goods and leather, and 8 kinds of furriers' goods; fifth department, miscellaneous manufactures, comprising 93 articles. The sixth department included horses of 10 classes; the seventh, cattle, in 13 classes; the eighth, sheep, in 5 classes; the ninth, swine, in 7 classes; the tenth, poultry; the eleventh, grain, vege- tables, and miscellaneous farm products; the twelfth, fruits; the thirteenth, dairy products, and domestic or pantry articles; the fourteenth, apiarian products; after which followed the art and floral departments, attached to which, as a sign of progress, there was also considerable interest. Except in San Francisco, which has the advantage of being a seaport town, no other city of the United States, at the age of little more than twenty years, has been able to make a similar exhibit. Catalogue National Mining and Indus- trial Exposition, 1884,
16 U. S. Stat., 13, 47th cong., Ist sess .; U. S. H. Jour., 217, 590, 659, 720, 730, 753, 47th cong., Ist sess.
567
BANKING.
cuit courts, post-office, land-office, and other federal offices, the cost not to exceed $300,000.
Banking has always been a profitable business in Denver. There is no usury law, borrower and lender fixing such rates of interest as they agree upon. In times of excitement three per cent a month might be asked and given. Twelve per cent per annum was the usual bank rate in 1886, but real estate loans could be had for eight or ten per cent. The first bank building of any pretensions was a part of National block, on the corner of 15th and Blake streets, and was occupied by the First National bank, organized by Jerome B. Chaffee, and of which he was president until 1880.17 Various banking institu- tions which, calling themselves savings banks, seques- tering the savings of the people to their own uses, rose and flourished for a time. In 1885 there were six banks in Denver, five of which were national, their combined capital amounting to $1,708,000; deposits $8,060,000; cash and exchange $3,963,000; loans and over-drafts $4,634,000.18
Until the erection of the Tabor opera-house in 1880 Denver had nothing at all elegant in the way of a theatre.19 It had then one unsurpassed in any
17 The business was purchased from Clark & Co., private banker. George T. Clark was cashier in 1865, and was elected mayor the same year. D. H. Moffat, Jr, became cashier in 1866. Hist. Denver, 213.
18 Descriptive America, May, 1884. In 1881 David H. Moffat, Jr, was president of the First National bank, Samuel N. Wood cashier; of the City National bank William Barth was president, John B. Hanna cashier; of the Colorado National bank Charles B. Kountze was president, William B. Berger cashier; of the German National Bank George Tritch was president, W. J. Jenkins cashier; of the Merchants' National bank Henry R. Wolcott was president, Samuel N. Wood cashier. Compt. of Currency Rept, 1881-2, 709- 11. The State National bank took the place of the Merchants' bank. The Union bank completes the list.
19 Apollo theater, erected in October, 1859, by Charles R. Thorne, was situated on Larimer street, between 14th and 15th streets. Thorne had a travelling company on the plains, which was giving entertainments at mili- tary posts-at Leavenworth, Kearny, and Laramie, and thence he came to Denver. Platte Valley theater, at the corner of 16th and Lawrence streets, was the next. It was opened in 1860. Both were burned. The next was a building erected by the Governor's Guards as an armory building, at the intersection of Curtis and 15th streets. It was called Governor's Guard hall, and was used until Sept., 1880, when the Tabor opera-house was
568
DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.
of the states for tasteful decoration and comfort, the designs being entirely original and suitable. In 1882 the academy of music was completed.
It seems tautological to remark, after recounting what the people of Denver have accomplished in less than a third of a lifetime, that they are as a people above the average in intellectual force and superiority of culture. How much is due to the stimulating influences of their high and dry climate it would be a nice point to determine, seeing that there is a sliding scale of altitudes in Colorado, and that everywhere in the state prevails great mental and physical activ- ity. That there was a good class of settlers to begin with is undoubted, and upon this tree has been grafted all the choicest fruits of an age of progress.20 Yet
opened. There is still a small theater opposite this called the Walhalla. Byers' Hist. Colo, MS., 73-4. Turner hall, on Holladay street, is the Ger- man temple of art, and a commodious one.
20 Free-masonry was active in 1858-9, when members of the order met informally in a cabin of Auraria, that they might know and assist each other. They had in 1881 10 lodges, representing every. degree, and for many years had met at the corner of Holladay and 15th streets. The Knights of Pythias had 3 lodges. The Odd Fellows had 9 lodges, and a hall on Lawrence street. The Good Templars had two lodges, and there were two of the Red Cross. There were twelve benevolent societies of various names, and 18 other organi- zations, such as medical and historical societies, and industrial and other associations. Croffutt, Grip-sack Guide, 32; Trans. Med. Soc., 1883. There were 37 hotels and public boarding-houses in 1884. The St James, Windsor, New Albany, American, and Inter-Ocean, can each shelter and feed 600 guests; the Alvord, Lindell, and New Markham, each 200; the New York, 150; and the Brunswick and Charpiot's, 100 each. Catalogue National Mining and Industrial Exposition, 15. There were, besides, 60 restaurants, 47 bak- eries, 6 breweries, 6 flouring-mills. The quality of the flour made in Denver is excellent, and since the first shipment in 1874 to the east, has been in demand in Boston, New York, Buffalo, and Chicago, and also Richmond, Va. Dept of Agriculture, 1872, 449. The names of the principal mills are the Hunga- rian, Crescent, Davis, and White Rock. Wheat is brought here from Utah to be made into flour. The first millers had difficulty in separating the bran, but the true process was discovered by Luther A. Cole of Watertown, Wis., who engaged in milling here in 1870. The secret was in moistening the hull before grinding the wheat, which prevented crumbling, and enabled him to part the bran from the flour. It was done by a system of spraying before the wheat went to the hopper. Byers' Centennial State, MS., 21. The Denver City Steam Heating company was incorporated Dec. 15, 1879, to supply steam by the Holly system, or any other, to factories, shops, stores, public or pri- vate buildings, for mechanical or heating purposes. Steam was turned on Nov. 5, 1880, and was found to be a saving in many ways. The company's capital was $500,000. Among the incorporators were the pioneers E. F. Hal- lack, J. W. Smith, and George Tritch. There was a movement made to or- ganize a fire department July 15, 1862, but the difficulty of procuring machines stood in the way for a time, during which several fires occurred. Hook and
569
SOCIETY.
Denver has not been without its vices, its vicious class, or its unpleasant episodes.21 Gambling has been from the first a prominent evil. The city council in 1861 prohibited three-card monte, but no other games. The territorial legislature in 1864 passed an act pro- hibiting gambling-houses, and making it the duty of sheriffs and constables to arrest the keepers and destroy the furniture of such places. But the next legislature yielded to the arguments of those who lived off the gain of games of chance; and after enact- ing that no person known to be a professional gambler or keeper of a gambling-house should be eligible as a juror, repealed so much of the former act as affected Denver, and permitted that city to control this mat-
Ladder Company No. 1, organized in March, 1866, was for several years the only fire company in the city. Its first officers were George W. McClure, foreman; Frank W. Cram, asst foreman; C. C. Davis, 2d asst; H. L. Rock- well, 3d asst; Hyat Hussey, treasurer. A truck and apparatus was ordered from Cincinnati, and arrived in the autumn across the plains. A brick build- ing 24 by 60 was erected on a lot purchased by the city council, the same occupied later by Central station, which was then called Pioneer station. No other company was organized until the spring of 1872, when the James Archer Hose company was organized, named after the president of the Den- ver Water company, and located on Curtis street. Soon after the Joseph E. Bates Fire and Hose company was organized, named in acknowledgment of the aid rendered the department by Bates. In July of the same year the Woodie Fisher Hose Company No. 1 also organized, named after a member of the Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, killed in attempting to stop a run- away team. In March, 1874, the Denver Hook and Ladder company was formed, having their station at the corner of Curtis and 26th streets. Tabor Hose Company No. 5 was organized and stationed on 15th street, north Den- ver. It was named in honor of Lieut-gov. Tabor. Of military companies Denver had three in 1880. The Governor's Guard organized in April, 1872, the Chaffee Light Artillery in January, 1878, and the Mitchell Guards, an independent Irish company, which was formed in 1873. The National Guard was created by the legislature of 1879, and supported by a direct tax. Den- ver had to make application to congress to be permitted to purchase land for cemetery purposes. Cong. Globe, 1871-2, pp. 2206, 2949, 3313, 3338, 3682. There were three burial places, the latest and only one to which much atten- tion has been given up to 1886 being Riverside cemetery, three miles down the Platte, which has a beautiful site.
21 On Sunday, the last day of October, 1880, there was a riot in Denver, the object of which was to affect the presidential election, and prevent the usual republican majority. The disturbance began with the interference of a few of our drunken Irish patriots in a game of pool played between a white man and a Chinaman at a public resort on Wazee street. Having forced the Chinese to defend themselves, they then treated them as the offending party, assailed them without mercy, driving them into hiding, hanging one of them to a lamp-post, and destroying their property. The mob increasing, a Com- mittee of Control, consisting of 500 citizens, was formed; the city council gave the chief of police authority to muster a special force of 100 to patrol
.
570
DENVER AND ARAPAHOE COUNTY.
ter by its own ordinances.22 The revised ordinances of Denver, passed in 1881, prohibit both gambling games and houses of ill-fame, the law-makers appar- ently forgetting that these excrescences of society have existed from time immemorial, and probably will continue till the millennial day; also, that it is the people who make the gamblers and prostitutes, and not they who make the people. The urban popula- tion of Arapahoe county is nearly all in and about Denver. Littleton, twelve miles south, is consid- ered as a suburb. Porter's sulpho-chalybeate spring, in the outskirts of the city, is also a popular resort.23
the streets and guard the polls on Monday, and the fire department was kept in readiness all day to fly at the tap of the bell. Every saloon was closed, and the city guarded at every point. A number of the rioters, having been arrested and sent to jail, were promptly bailed out by Ex-delegate Patter- son's hench-men, and allowed to vote. The district attorney had a part of them rearrested on a charge of murder, and so the struggle went on all day; but the law-and-order men triumphed, and the election was finally as quiet as the faces of the guardians of the peace were stern and set with determin- ation. Denver Tribune, Nov. 2, 1880.
22 The city attorney elected in 1883 was Mason B. Carpenter, a native of Vt., born in 1845. He served two years in the union army when between 16 and eighteen years of age, being mustered out as acting sergeant-major. He graduated at the university of Vermont, studied law, and was admitted to practice at St Albans; was official reporter of the house of representatives in 1867, and secretary of the senate from 1869 to 1873. In 1874 he married Fannie M. Brainard, and removed to Colorado in 1875. He was elected from Arapahoe, to the house of representatives in 1881, and a member of the sen- ate in 1884. The History of Denver, from which I have frequently quoted, is a quarto volume of 652 pages. Its authorship is mixed, and the greater portion anonymous, but bears evidence of having been the performance of local writers well acquainted with their topics. It contains articles on a great variety of subjects, and many biographical sketches. It is on the same plan as Clear Creek and Boulder Valley History and the History of Arkansas Valley. Other authorities consulted are First Annual Report of Denver Chamber of Commerce, by Frank Hall, containing tables, etc., showing gen- eral condition of the state; Porter's West Census of 1880; Colorado Notes, MS .; Graff's Colorado; Pitkin's Political Views, MS .; Dixon's New America, as seen through English eyes in 1866; McKenney's Business Directory, 1882-3; Meline's Two Thousand Miles on Horseback; Faithful's Three Visits to America; Leading Industries of the West, August, 1883; Williams' Pacific Tourist and Guide; Denver Rocky Mountain News, June 6, 1870; Denver Tribune-Republi- can, Oct. 10, 1884; Early Days in Denver, by John C. Moore. He was born in Tenn. in 1835, and came to Colorado in 1859. He describes Denver and also Pueblo in the early days. Sopris' Settlement of Denver, MS., is another excellent authority treating of first things.
23 Argo is the seat of Hill's reduction works. Other settlements in 1886 were Bear Creek Junction, Bennett, Bird, Big Timber, Box Elder, Brighton, Burnham, Byers, Cherry Creek, Deer Trail, Henderson Isle, Hughes, Gravel Switch, Island Station, Jersey, Junction, Kiowa, Living Spring, Magnolia, Melvin, Petersburg, Platte Summit, Pooler's Rancho, Poverty Flat, Rattle-
571
BIOGRAPHY.
snake, Reduction Works, Schuyler, Vasquez, and Watkins. One of the pio- neers of Arapahoe county whose name is found in the public prints is Caleb B. Clements, who came to Colorado in 1859, and was from the first identified with Denver, an addition to which bears his name. He was receiver of the land office when Chilcott was register. He died March 24, 1880. Denver Tribune, March 25, 1880.
C. J. Gross, who also came in 1859, was born in Vt in 1821. He was en- gaged in business in Fond du Lac, Wis., for several years, and helped to lay out the town of Boulder in Colorado, after which he settled in Denver, and was elected from Arapahoe co. to the legislature in 1866. He formed the Baltimore Mining company, one of the most substantial in the state, and owned 1,500 acres south-east of Denver. He married, in 1841, a daughter of H. T. Shepherd of N. Y., who died at Boulder in 1864. The following year he married Harriet Beecher of New Haven, Ct.
David A. Cheever was a midshipman in the U. S. navy in 1842. At the close of the Mexican war he resigned, and also came to Cal. in 1849, but returned to Wis. in 1854, and from there migrated to Colorado in 1859, en- gaging in real estate business. He was elected to the lower house of the legislature in 1864, county commissioner in 1873, and was postmaster in 1875-6.
Cyrus H. Mclaughlin, born in Pa in 1827, and by trade a printer, came from Leavenworth, Kansas, to Colorado in 1859 as a messenger for Jones and Cartwright's express, and to learn the truth of the reports concerning gold discoveries. On returning to Leavenworth he carried $40,000 worth of the precious dust. In 1860 he removed to Denver and worked on the News for a time; then tried agriculture and cattle raising, but the flood of 1864 so damaged his farm that he gave it up and took a situation in the quarter- master's department, which he held for two years. In 1867 he was elected to the legislature, which met at Golden, and used his influence to remove the capital to Denver. In 1868 he was reelected and chosen speaker. He was afterward receiver in the land office, clerk in the post office, and alderman. The rule of the Pioneer Association is that those who arrived before 1860 may become members. Byers' Centennial State, MS., 38. Among these were William Z. Cozzens, deputy-sheriff of Arapahoe district in 1860; David K. Wall, member of the provisional legislature; T. P. Boyd, associate justice of the supreme court; N. J. Curtis, W. F. Holman; Charles C. Post, member of constitutional convention of 1859; Nelson Sargent, who was in charge of the first express line across the plains, known as the Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express company, as before mentioned; Philo M. Weston, built the first house in Granite; John Rothrock, built the 'eleven cabins,' 16 miles below Denver, on the Platte, in 1858, and was one of the discoverers of Gold Run, in Boulder co .; Joseph M. Brown, miner and cattle raiser, built Brown's bridge over the Platte, elected county commissioner in 1863 for 3 terms; Samuel W. Brown, miner, merchant, farmer; Samuel Brantner, farm- er; his daughter was the first child of the settlers of Arapahoe, born four miles from Denver; Caleb S. Burdsall, miner, smelter, surgeon of the 3d Colo reg., discovered the soda lakes near Morrison, named after him; Joseph W. Bowles, miner, sheriff of Nevada mining district in 1860-1, farmer near Littleton, twice elected county commissioner; Hiram J. Brendlinger, tobacco merchant, member of the city council 1861-3, mayor in 1864, member of the legislature 1865; John W. Cline, miner, farmer; Henry Crow, miner, organ- ized the City National bank in 1870 and was president six years, afterward in stock raising and mining; A. B. Daniels, vice-president of Denver and New Orleans railroad, died April 9, 1881; Daniel J. Fulton, miner, farmer; George C. Griffin, farmer and stock raiser; G. W. Hazzard, miner, farmer, banker, stock grower, owned 20,000 acres of pasture lands, died Feb. 9, 1878, leaving a wife and four children; Alfred H. Miles, farmer; John McBroom, farmer, elected to the state legislature in 1876; John Milheim, banker and capitalist; John H. Morrison, lumber merchant, miller, collector of internal revenue, agriculturist, died July 21, 1876; Jasper P. Sears, merchant with
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