USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 39
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 39
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 39
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391
FIGHTING FARMERS.
ranchmen remonstrated, but the Missourians outnum- bered them. The settlers then demanded pay, which was refused, and whenever opportunity came drove the cattle into the field, where they were kept and guarded as indemnity for the loss of their corn. Then followed a struggle on the part of the Missourians to recover their teams ; but the settlers had entrenched themselves, and prepared to fight. In the battle which ensued some of the Missourians were killed, and some on both sides were wounded. The victory, however, was with the farmers, who received at last payment of damages, and restored the cattle to their owners. The Missourians were glad to get away, having apparently no further use for the fighting farmers of Fontaine City.9
In October a town was laid off at the mouth of the Arkansas river pass of the mountains, called Cañon City.10 Its founders were Josiah F. Smith, Stephen S. Smith, William H. Young, Robert Bearcaw, Charles D. Peck, and William Kroenig. They erected a single log house on the level ground above the hot springs, which were found here, as well as at the pass of the Fontaine-qui-Bouille; and Robert Middleton and wife went to reside in it, this being the actual first family of Canon City. The following year the house was taken as a blacksmith shop by A. Rudd.
In the spring of 1860 the town site was jumped by a company from Denver, which magnanimously retained some of the former claimants. They relocated the town, making it embrace 1,280 acres, and in April it was surveyed into lots and blocks. The new com- pany consisted of William Kroenig, E. Williams, W. H. Young, A. Mayhood, J. B. Doyle, A. Thomas, H. Green, J. D. Ramage, Harry Youngblood, W. W.
9 The first store in Fontaine City was opened by Cooper and Wing. Some of the first settlers after the Lawrence party were S. S. Smith, W. H. Young, Matthew Steel, O. H. P. Baxter, George M. Chilcott, John W. Shaw, Mark G. Bradford, George A. Hinsdale, Francisco, and Howard.
10 Rudd's Early Affairs, MS., 1-9; Fowler's Around Colorado, MS., 1-8; A Woman's Experience, MS., 3-8; Helm's Gate of the Mountains, MS., 12; Prescott's Through Cañon de Shea, MS., 2-3.
392
PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT.
Ramage, J. Graham, M. T. Green, Alvord and Com- pany, St. Vrain and Easterday, and Buel and Boyd, surveyors. Having jumped a town site claim them- selves, they organized a claim club for their protec- tion, in which those taking up agricultural lands joined.11 Coal creek, in the coal region, was, in 1885,
11 The first grist-mill in Frémont county was erected by Lewis Conley in 1860 on Beaver creek, and was washed away in 1862. No other was built till 1866 or 1867, 4 miles east of Canon City. In 1872 a grist-mill was erected in the town. The first saw-mill was built the same year by J. B. Cooper, J. C. Moore, Harkins, and A. Chandler. on Sand creek, above the soda springs. As a premium they were presented with an original share in the town of Canon City. R. R. Kirkpatrick ran a shingle-machine in con- nection with the mill. The first merchants were Dold & Co., whose stock was presided over by Wolfe Londoner; Doyle & Co., represented by Solomon brothers; C. W. Ketchum and brother; Stevens & Curtis; Majors & Russell, who built a stone store 100 feet in length; R. O. Olds, J. A. Draper, James Gormly, James Ketchum, G. D. Jenks, Paul brothers, Harrison & Macon, and D. P. Wilson. These were all in business in Canon City in 1860, before the decline of its early prospects. G. D. Jenks also opened the first hotel.
Custer and Swisher kept the first meat-market, and E. B. Sutherland the first bakery. W. C. Catlin established the first brick-yard about 1872, to employ the prisoners in the penitentiary. The first newspaper was the Cañon City Times, issued in Sept. 1860 by Millett, since of Kansas City. The first postmaster was M. G. Pratt. In 1870 there were but two post-offices in the county. The first district court was held at Canon City in the spring of 1863 by B. F. Hall, who held but one term before resigning. He found that men who had conducted people's courts were hard to awe into respect for imported judges. The discoverer in 1862 of the oil springs 6 miles from Canon City was Gabriel Bowen. He sold them to A. M. Cassidy, who man- ufactured in 1862-5, and shipped to other parts of the country 300,000 gal- lons of superior quality of illuminating and lubricating oil. Since that time
prospecting has been going on to find flowing wells. Some of the first set- tlers in Frémont county, outside of Canon City, were George and Al. Toof, John Pierce, Hiram Morey, John Callen, John McClure, and Foster, on Beaver creek; J. Witcher, T. Virden, William Irwin, Ambrose Flournoy, and Robert Pope, on Ute creek; B. M. Adams, M. D. Swisher, Ebenezer Johnson, Sylvester H. Dairs, James Murphy, Jesse Rader, and Mills M. Craig, in Oil Creek valley; Philip A. McCumber, John Smith, James A. McCandless, Ira Chatfield, Stephen Frazier, Gid. B. Frazier, Jesse Frazier, B. F. Smith, John Locke, Jacob R. Reisser, and William H. May, in the vicinity of Florence; James Smith, Bruce, and Henry Burnett, on Hard- scrabble creek.
I have said that the town site of Canon City was jumped in the spring of 1860. The company remained in possession till 1864, when all abandoned it, and sought newer fields of enterprise in the mining camps. Three fam- ilies only remained in the town. Not long afterward the government sur- veyed the township and the town site, whereupon it was preempted by Ben- jamin Griffin, W. C. Catlin, Jothan A. Draper, Augustus Macon, and A. Rudd, who deeded to the owners of improvements the lots on which they were placed, and proceeded to set affairs again in motion. These men belonged to a company of 20 families, which migrated from Iowa that year, and who were known as the resurrectionists, because they brought back life to Cañon City. They were Thomas Macon, who, while a member of the legislature of 1867-8. secured for his town the location of the penitentiary; Mrs Ann Har- rison, Mrs George, John Wilson, Joseph Macon, Fletcher, Augustus Sartor,
393
BIOGRAPHICAL.
next to Cañon City in size, having a population of five hundred.
The first farm located in what is now Frémont county was by J. N. Haguis, on the 1st of January,
Zach. Irwin, and others with their families. Anson Rudd was one of the three original settlers who would not forsake the place of his choice. He was first sheriff, county commissioner two terms, provost-marshal, oil in- spector, postmaster, clerk of the people's court, candidate for lieut-gov., and blacksmith for the county. He was one of the locators of the roads to Wet Mountain valley, to which he guided the German colony; of the road to the upper Arkansas region, and to Currant creek and South park; was for sev- eral years president of the Canon City Ditch company, and was the first warden of the penitentiary after the admission of the state, as well as one of the commissioners to locate it. The first child born was a son of M. D. Swisher, who died in infancy. W. C. Catlin was also of the original set- tlers, as was J. A. Draper, who was second postmaster, and county treas- urer, collecting the first taxes ever gathered in the county. He gave the ground on which the penitentiary was placed. When he sold a tract to the Central Colorado Improvement company it was with the intention of reserv- ing for the use of the public the soda springs; but through some inadvert- ance in the deed he failed to do so. Other early Cañonites were William H. Green, captain of the Ist Colorado regiment; Folsom, who also enlisted, and was crippled for life; Piatt, W. R. Fowler, author of Around Colorado, MS .; J. Reid, Benjamin F. Griffin, S. D. Webster, county surveyor, judge, and member of the legislature; Frank Bengley, who, although a Canadian, en- listed in the union army; Albert Walthers, first keeper of the penitentiary; S. H. Boyd, hotel-keeper; H. W. Saunders, W. H. McClure, who built the McClure house and ruined himself by the help of the D. & R. G. railroad company; B. Murray, who kept the house, and S. W. Humphrey. The first church organized in Canon City was in 1860-1, by Johnson of Kansas, a methodist, with about ten members. None of these were left when the Iowa colony arrived, and George Murray again organized a church, with 45 members, who purchased a stone building and fitted it up for worship. In 1865 the missionary baptists formed a church, with B. M. Adams pastor, and 18 members, who in 1869 built a small church edifice. In 1867 the Cumberland presbyterians organized under their elders, B. F. Moore, Stephen Frazier, and J. Blanchard. In 1872 the presbyterians were organ- ized by Shelden Jackson, J. K. Brewster being ruling elder, and soon built a small but pleasant church. In 1874 or 1875 the renowned episcopal bishop, Randall, organized that church, which after a few years erected a brick edifice.
The public schools of Canon City were somewhat late in securing a proper building, which was not erected until 1880. It was of stone, fine, and commodious. The board that secured the bonds for its erection con- sisted of Charles E. Waldo president, Mrs M. M. Sheets secretary, John Wilson treasurer. The fire department was organized in Jan. 1879, consist- ing of the Relief Hook and Ladder company No. 1, of 20 members. The following year H. A. Reynolds Hose company of 13 members was added to the department. Mount Moriah lodge No. 15 of masons was instituted in Nov. 1867, under a dispensation of Henry M. Teller, M. W. G. Master of Colorado, and chartered Oct. 7, 1868. In 1881 there were 72 members. Canon City lodge No. 7 of odd fellows was instituted Nov. 10, 1868, the first lodge south of the divide. It had in 1881 46 members. Grand Cañon En- campment No. 18, July 29, 1881. The united workmen organized Royal George Lodge, No. 7, June 25, 1881, with 24 members.
Cañon City was incorporated April 1, 1872. In 1879 a board of trade was organized. which greatly assisted the city government in purifying morals by forcing out of town certain disreputable characters, a function which, if un-
394
PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT.
1860. It was recorded by B. H. Bolin, and was taken previous to the organization of the claim club, whose constitution was dated March 13, 1860.12 The pretensions of Cañon City to become the metropolis of the future state were founded similarly to those of Colorado City, and were rendered nugatory by the same causes. The first company surveyed a road to the Tarryall mines, setting up mile posts the whole distance of eighty miles. A large part of the immi- gration of 1860 took this route to the mines, and Cañon City enjoyed for a year or two a prosperous growth; and there, for the time, it ended.1
In the winter of 1859-60 the American town of Pueblo was laid off, on the site of the abandoned Pueblo of Mexican times, by a company composed of
usual for such a board, proved beneficial. In Dec. of that year a joint stock company was organized, with a capital of $50,000, to construct water works, consisting of James Clelland, James H. Peabody, George R. Shaeffer, Ira Mulock, August Heckscher, Wilbur K. Johnson, David Caird, and O. G. Stanley. On July 9, 1881, was laid the corner stone of the court house, a handsome edifice, the county commissioners managing the business being Edwin Tobach, Louis Muehlbach, and Joseph J. Phelps; also of the masonic temple, another fine structure-both of brick. In ISSI there were 25 stores in Canon City, well stocked, some carrying a trade of over $300,000 an- nually, besides shops of all kinds.
12 This claim was taken on the north side of the Arkansas river, on a creek whose name is not given. Two brothers named Costans took claims on the south side, 7 miles below Canon City. On the record they were de- scribed as 'situated in Mexico.' The names of M. V. B. Coffin and B. F. Allen occur among the inhabitants of Canon City precinct in 1860.
13 Towns and settlements of Fremont county, besides those mentioned, are Badger, Barnard Creek, Carlisle Springs, Clelland, Coal Junction, Copper Gulch, Cotopaxi, Fairy, Fidler, Florence, Galena, Galena Basin, Glendale, Grape Creek Junction, Greenwood, Hayden, Hayden Creek, Haydenville, Hillsdale, Howards, Juniper, Labran, Lake, Marsh, Mining Camp, New Chi- cago, Oak Creek, Parkdale, Park Station, Pleasant Valley, Rockvale, Sales- burgh, Spike Buck, Texas, Texas Creek, Titusville, Tomichi, Twelve Mile Bridge, Vallie, Webster, Williamsburgh, and Yorkville. Among the con- tributors to this part of my work are Eugene Weston, W. A. Helm, and Anson S. Rudd. Weston was born in Maine in 1805, and came to Colorado in 1860, and to Canon City the same year, where I found him in 1884. He is the author of The Colorado Mines, MS., treating of placers and early trans- portation. Helm was born in Pa in 1831. After migrating to several of the western states, he came to Colorado in 1860, and in 1861 settled in Cañon City with his family. On the 'resurrection ' of that town he opened a hotel. He is the author of The Gate of the Mountain, MS., well filled with reminis- cences. Rudd, who furnished Early Affairs in Canon City, MS., and whose account forms the basis of early history here, was born in Erie co., Pa, in 1819, and after learning the printer's trade visited Kansas, Mexico, and Cal- ifornia, coming to Colorado in 1860, and settling at Cañon City. How he acted his part as pioneer, I have said.
395
PUEBLO.
Belt, Catterson, Cyrus Warren, Ed. Cozzens, J. Wright,14 Albert Bearcaw, W. H. Green, and others. It was surveyed by Buell and Boyd, who laid it out on a broad scale, and the former name was retained. It did not at first, however, extend over the bottom land in front of the town subsequent additions hav- ing been made by other companies and railroad cor- porations.15
14 Stone's Gen. View, MS., 19. Wright built the first house in Pueblo, on the corner of Front street and Santa Fe avenue. Dr Catterson's cabin was on Second street, near the avenue. The first family in Pueblo was that of Aaron Sims, and the second that of Josiah F. Smith. Jack Allen opened a small grocery and drinking saloon. A stock of other goods was opened in a store on Santa Fé avenue, over which Dr Catterson presided, and the town was launched upon the sea of commerce. Emory Young, son of W. H. Young, was the first male child born in Pueblo, and Hattie Smith the first girl. Rice's Politics in Pueblo, MS., 1; Rudd's Early Affairs in Cañon City, MS .; Weston's Colorado Mines, MS .; Helm's Gate of the Mountains, MS.
15 Of the pioneers of Arkansas valley the following mention may be made in this place ; Harry Youngblood came out with Robert Middleton, and went under an assumed name from some connection he was alleged to have had with the death of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism. George W. Hepburn, a native of N. Y., in 1835 went to Omaha, where he owned an in- terest first in the Nebraskian, and then in the Times. In 1867 he settled in Pueblo, where he started, in 1871, a newspaper called The People. Charles Nachtrieb, a German, brought a small stock of goods to Colorado in 1859. Jesse Frazer, from Mo., settled in the spring of 1860 on the Arkansas, 8 miles below Canon City, and was the first to turn a furrow in that region, which he did with a forked cottonwood limb. Reuben J. Frazier, a native of Ind., started a farm in the upper Arkansas valley in the spring of 1860.
There are many more pioneers, known and unknown, of 1859. Of those of whom something is on record, not elsewhere mentioned, are the follow- ing: Lewis W. Berry, a capt. in the Mexican war, was born in N. Y., mined at Central City, and finally settled at Idaho Springs. Corbit Bacon, born in N. Y., erected a plank house with a shake roof in Denver in the winter of 1858-9, and went to Central City in the spring. John W. Edwards, a Welsh- man, resided at Idaho springs. Then there were Thomas Cooper, an English- man, miner; David D. Strock of Ohio, miner. Anthony Tucker, from Pa, set up a saw mill engine for Bentley and Bayard of Central City-the first steam mill in Colorado; Andrew H. Spickerman, from N. Y., stock raiser on Turkey creek. D. D. McIlvoy, from Ky, farmer and miner; Frank J. Wood, from Chico, opened the first drug store in Georgetown; William M. Allen, of New Brunswick, farmer; Joseph S. Beaman, from Germany, brewer, Central City; Reuben C. Wells, from Ill., purchased the Golden Paper mill, the first establishment of the kind in the state; Jay Sternberg, from N. Y., erected the Boulder City Flouring mills in 1872; Hiram Buck, from Ohio, farmer; August Burk, a Swede, opened a bakery in Denver in 1859; Wil- liam Arbuthnot from Pa, farmer; Norman R. Howard, from Ill., farmer; Robert Niver, a native of N. Y., farmer; Henry B. Ludlow, from Ohio, farmer; Thomas J. Jones, born in Ill., merchant; John Reese. from Pa, far- mer; L. A. Williams, from Vt, erected a steam saw mill at Denver; George C. Griffin, born in Ct, farmer; Edwin Lobach, born in Pa, freighter and farmer; Henry Burnett, from Mass, farmer; Francis R. Ford, from Maine, miner and farmer; B. F. Sahaffer, from Pa, carpenter; Robert L. Lambert,
396
PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT.
Late in the autumn a party of prospectors consist- ing of C. F. Wilson, Rafferty, Stevens, Abram Lee, Currier, Slater, and two others, crossed the range on the west of South park, and discovered good dig- gings in a gulch on the headwaters of the Arkansas, river, which they named California,16 and which at- tracted thousands to that locality 17 in the spring fol- lowing. The first house erected in the new mines was on the present site of Leadville, and the place was called Oro City. The post-office, which was es- tablished at this place, being removed in 1871 two and a half miles up the gulch, the name followed it, and Oro City left its first location open for subsequent development by other town locators. California gulch was thickly populated for six miles,18 and had two un- important towns besides Oro; namely, Malta and
freighter and stage owner; Aaron Ripley, from Ohio farmer; Emmett Nuckolls, a native of Va, stock dealer, N. C. Hickman, born in Mo., miner; David Clark, born in Ill., stock raiser; Rufus Shute, a native of N. Y., cattle raiser; J W. Lester, born in Pa, miner. George Rockafellow, was a capt. in the 6th Mich. cavalry during the war, and served afterward under Gen. Conner in the Powder river expedition against the Indians.
16 Three men in three months took out $60,000. Weston's Colo Mines, MS., 2.
17 Among the first were H. A. W. Tabor and wife, S. P. Kellogg, and Na- thaniel Maxey. They came up the Arkansas from Cañon City with an ox- team, and encamped a month at Cache creek, where Granite city now is, finding gold; but being unable to separate it from the black sand without quicksilver, of which they had none, they were compelled to abandon the diggings. Word then came from the discoverers of Cal. gulch to move up to their camp, and as provisions were scarce, the oxen had to be killed. The men in camp soon erected a cabin for Mrs Tabor; and by and by a second woman, Mrs C. L. Hall, came, and a third, Mrs Bond, whose husband after- ward became blind. Tabor's Cabin Life in Colorado, MS., 114. Tabor was afterward elected to the state senate, and became one of the wealthiest and most prominent citizens of Denver, which city is in no slight measure in- debted to him for its prosperity.
18 Says Wolfe Londoner, in his Colorado Mining Camps, MS., 7. 'Cali- fornia gulch, in 1860 and 1861, had a population of something over 10,000, and was the great camp of Colorado. It was strung all along the gulch, which was something over 5 miles long. . . There were a great many tents in the road and on the side of the ridge, and the wagons were backed up, the people living in them. Some were used as hotels. They had their grub under the wagons, piled their dishes there, and the man of the house and his wife would sleep in the wagon. Their boarders took their meals off tables made of rough boards. ... Gamblers had tables strung along the wayside to take in the cheerful but unwary miner. The game that took the most was three- card monte.' Indeed, one mining camp differed little from another in this respect. See also Chipley's Towns, MS., 2; Rand's Guide to Colo, 30; Bayle's Politics and Mining, MS., 3.
397
ROADS AND DITCHES.
Slabtown. Twenty miles below, on the Arkansas river, the town of Granite was started not long after, rich mines being at this place, which were first dis- covered by H. A. W. Tabor, in the spring of 1860. They required quicksilver in separating the gold from the black sand, and were afterward owned by Bailey and Gaff of Cincinnati. 19
During the summer of 1860 gold was discovered in Frying Pan gulch, at the base of Mount Massive, opposite the mouth of California gulch, by C. F. Wilson, the diggings receiving their name from the circumstance of a frying pan being used to pan out the first metal. These mines did not prove of much value until 1863, when the name was changed to Col- orado gulch. Chalk creek mines were also discov- ered this season by Stephen B. Kellogg and others. A pretended discovery was made in 1860 in the San Juan country by one Baker, which drew 1,000 per- sons to that region, who found no gold, although it was there, as subsequent exploration and development proved.
Some improvements were made in 1859 in the matter of roads and mining ditches. There was a road from Denver into the mountains via Golden Gate, and another via Bradford ; also one into South park, via Mount Vernon and Bergen's rancho, under construction. Three others were surveyed, the St Vrain, Golden, and Colorado wagon road, and the roads into South park via Cañon and Colorado cities. A mining ditch eleven miles long was constructed at Missouri flats by a company of which W. Green Rus- sell was president. Boulder, South Boulder, and Four Mile creeks were diverted from their channels for some distance.
19 Some of the pioneers on the head waters of the Arkansas were the fol- lowing: Samuel Arbuthnot, from Pa; David C. Dargin, from Me; Robert Berry, from Ohio; Charles F. Wilson, from Ky; Charles L. Hall, from N. Y .; John Riling, from Ohio; George W. Huston, from Pa; and Philo N. Weston, from N. Y.
398
PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT.
Those who returned to the states carried reports sufficiently confirmed by the gold they exhibited to re-arouse the gold fever, causing an immigration the following summer equal to, if not exceeding, that of 1859.2º The settlements already founded were greatly enlarged, and new ones made, both in the mining and agricultural districts.21 Over the 600 miles of road from the Missouri to the mountains, a stream of ma- terial wealth rolled, which was expected to flow back again in a stream of gold dust a few months later. Contrary to the usual practice of the eastern journals, the New York Tribune contributed to the furore for emigration to the mines by advertising Colorado cli- mate and scenery in terms of lavish praise, its editor- in-chief, Horace Greeley, and others of its staff having visited the mountains in 1859, at which time Greeley
20 Sopris' Settlement of Denver, MS., 3. By the middle of July an arastra was running at the mouth of Gregory gulch, owned by Lehmer, Laughlin, and Peck, which was the pioneer quartz mill in Colorado. In September Prosser, Conklin, and co. had a small steam stamp mill in operation. The following month there were five arastras running on north Clear creek, and two small wooden stamp mills, all operated by water power. Another steam, mill, belonging to Coleman, Le Fevre, and co., started up the same month- but broke down, and took a month for repairs. When it started again, how- ever, running on Gunnell quartz, it produced 1,442 pennyweights of gold in seven days, the rock being taken out at a depth of fifty-six feet. At the depth of seventy-six feet, fifteen tons of rock yielded $1,700. A rude three- stamp quartz mill, owned by T. J. Graham, was in operation at Gold hill during the summer, and a large mill, run by water, was erected there in the autumn. Where no mills had been erected, miners were busy getting out ore for those that were expected to be built the coming spring. As winter approached, many, under the impression that mining in the cold season would be impracticable, returned to their former homes to spend the interval in more comfortable quarters, and prepare for future enterprises; but many there were who stayed by their ciaims in the mountains, fortifying them- selves against the expected cold by banking up the earth around their cabins, and filling them with a store of provisions sufficient to outlast the anticipated snow blockade, which never came. Some mining was carried on throughout the entire season, even in the mountains, and there was almost uninterrupted travel, to the surprise and delight of the imperfectly sheltered inhabitants of the different towns.
21 At the close of 1860 there were 71 steam quartz mills in the Clear creek region running 609 stamps, of an average weight of 416 pounds; and 38 water mills, with 230 stamps, weighing 352 pounds, besides 50 arastras, the total power employed being equal to 960 horse power. In the Boulder region there were four steam mills, five water mills, and 29 arastras, equalling 150 horse power. South park and California gulch had also a number of mills and arastras in 1860. Collins' Rocky Mountain Gold Region, 51-3. This is an emigrant's guide, containing tables of distances, maps, and a business direc- tory, with information cencerning mining and a miner's outfit.
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