USA > Colorado > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 53
USA > Nevada > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 53
USA > Wyoming > History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 > Part 53
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press, and type brought from Glenwood, Iowa. David C. Collier soon became associated with the Register as editor, and was of eminent service to the ter- ritory in upholding the government during the rebellion. In April 1863 Collier, in company with Hugh Glenn and George A. Wells, purchased the paper. In May it was enlarged to a 24-column sheet, and in Angust was is- sued as a daily. In Sept. Glenn sold out to Collier & Wells, and in Nov. the Register appeared in new type, and commenced the regular publication cf telegraphic news. The telegraph was completed at this interesting period of the war, and extras were issued as often as any important news was received. When the carriers appeared a shout was raised, and everyone hastened into the streets to learn and discuss the news. At the quartz-mills the sight of an extra-carrier was the signal to blow the whistles for leaving work until the despatches were read to the anxious men. Wells sold his interest in the paper to Frank Hall in Oct. 1865, the firm being now Collier & Hall. In July 1868 the name was changed to Central City Register. In 1873 Collier disposed of his interest to W. W. Whipple, Hall being editor. This partnership was not of long duration; Hall became sole proprietor, and on June 1, 1877, the whole establishment passed into the hands of James A. Smith and D. Mar- low, who conducted it for 7 months, when they took in H. M. Rhodes as partner and editor. About this time, Feb. 1878, another paper, named The Evening Call, was started in Central, under the management of G. M. Laird and D. Marlow. In May this firm purchased the Register, consolidating it with the Call, under the name of Register-Call, and issuing a daily and weekly edition, John S. Dormer editor-in-chief, and J. P Waterman mining reporter. Throughout all its changes the Register has remained republican. In 1863 a paper was started at Black Hawk, called the Colorado Miner, by W. Train Muyr, which became during the year the Black Hawk Journal, with Hollister & Blakesley publishers, and afterward Hollister & Hall. In 1866 this establishment was moved to Central, and published as the Times, by Henry Garbanati and O. J. Goldrick. In politics it was democratic. Early in 1868 Thomas J. Campbell purchased it, and, changing the name to Colorado Herald, published a daily and weekly. In the latter part of 1870 it was sold to Frank Fossett, who managed it until it suspended altogether, in 1873. In Jan. 1866 the Valmont Bulletin was started on the same pioneer press which had made the circuit of Central, Golden, Canon City, Tarryall, and Buckskin Joe, and been returned to its owners in Denver. The propri- etors of the Bulletin were W H. Allen and D. G. Scouten. In April 1877 it was removed to Boulder, and published as the Valley News, by W. C. Cham- berlain, for 12 years. In the autumn of 1868 it became the Boulder County Pioneer, J. E. Wharton editor. Soon after the stockholders leased it to Rob- ert H. Tilney, who changed the name to The Boulder County News. In 1870 the News passed into the hands of D. A. Robinson and D. G. Scouten. In May 1871 it was sold to Henry M. Cort. who sold it again, in Aug., to Wyn- koop & Scouten; and before the year was out, Scouten and Joseph P. McIntosh owned it. In 1872 Wynkoop alone owned it. In 1874 it was sold to Amos Bixby and Eugene Wilder, who enlarged it to an S-column journal. In 1878 Bixby sold his interest to William G. Shedd, proprietor of the Sunshine Cou- rier, and the two papers were united, under the name of News and Courier, Shedd & Wilder proprietors, Thomas H. Evarts editor, assisted in 1879 by P. A. Leonard, and Charles Tucker. It was still a leading newspaper in 1886. The pioneer press, on which the News was started, was afterward taken to New Mexico, and used in issuing the first paper at Elizabethtown. The Sunshine Courier was started by J. B. Bruner and J. W. Cairns in May 1875. Cairns sold in 1877 to Hawkins; and in the same year Hawkins sold to William G. Shedd, who in 1878 purchased the whole, and removed it to Boulder, where it was consolidated with the News. In 1866 George West, who had been captain in the 2d Colorado volunteer infantry, returned to Golden, and established The Transcript, a democratic journal, still in exist- ence in 1886, and with one exception the oldest established paper in Colorado. West was a printer by trade, and had owned, with others, a stereotype
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foundery in Boston before coming to Golden in 1859 with the Boston com- pany. As a newspaper man he was always successful. The Denver Tribune was established in 1867 by H. Beckurts, and became one of the great dailies of the city, issuing also a weekly, and being in politics republican. On the Ist of May, 1868, the Georgetown Colorado Miner was first issued, by E. J. Wharton and A. W. Barnard. E. H. N. Patterson, who wrote over the sig- nature of 'Sniktau,' was for a long time connected with this paper. He died in 1880. W. B. Vickers, another journalist, died the same year. The char- acter of the Miner was always well sustained. On June 1, 1868, Pueblo was presented with the first issue of its first local newspaper, the Colorado Chief- tain, by M. Beshoar and Samuel McBride, proprietors, and George A. Hins- dale and Wilbur F. Stone, editors. The paper was well printed and edited- At one time Beshoar was sole owner, and at another McBride owned the establishment. McBride finally sold to John J. Lambert, who continued to publish it. George S. Adams and E. G. Stroud were employed upon its editorial columns after Hinsdale and Stone. In 1872 a daily edition was issued, with C. J. Reed as editor. After Reed came A. P. George, R. M. Stevenson, C. Conover, G. Shober, and G. G. Withers. The second news- paper of Pueblo was published in 1871 by a stock company, with George A. Hinsdale editor. It was democratic in politics. About the same time the Caribou Post was published, Collier & Hall proprietors, and A. Bixby editor. The Greeley Tribune was first published in 1870 by N. C. Meeker; and the Greeley Sun in 1872, by H. A. French. Both were weekly. The Golden Eagle, John Sewell proprietor, a republican paper, was started 1871, and the following year merged in the Golden Globe, both of Golden City. In July 1871 the Longmont Sentinel, the first newspaper in this colony, was published by Lowe and Hall. It changed proprietors and name the following year, and became the Longmont Press, E. F. Beckwith editor and publisher, and F. C. Beckwith associate editor. F. C. Beckwith was born in N. H. in 1840. He received a good public school education, and came to Colorado at the age of 19 years. He mined and farmed, and was active in founding the town of Burlington, situated one half mile from the site of Longmont, which superseded it, and which he was instrumental in establishing at that place. The Denver Daily and Weekly Times was established in IS72 by Roger S. Woodbury; politics, republican. The Boulder Rocky Moun- tain Eagle, started in 1873 by William Morris, was sold to Wangelin & Til- ney, who changed it to the Colorado Banner, a weekly. In 1880 Tilney became sole owner. In 1876 the Black Hawk Post, a democratic journal, was established by William Mclaughlin andW. W. Sullivan. The latter sold his interest to James R. Oliver, and Mclaughlin soon after died. It subsequently was owned by Oliver and Brandgust. In the same year the Democrat was started at Pueblo by A. Y. Hall. It was founded with the material used a year or two earlier to start the Republican, by J. M. Murphy, which was sold. Hall brothers were proprietors of the Demo- crat for a time, when they sold it to another Missourian, named Royal, who changed the name to the Daily News. In 1877 the Longmont Printing company issued the Post, edited by W. L. Condit. It was changed after a short time to the Valley Home and Farm, and managed by W. E. Pabor in the interest of agriculture, until it passed into the hands of a company, and was renamed the Longmont Ledger. On the 24th of May, 1877, the George- town Courier was first issued, J. S. Randall being proprietor and Samuel Cushan editor. The first newspaper at Del Norte, The Prospector, was issued in 1874 by Nicholas Lambert, brother of J. J. Lambert, who founded the Pueblo Chieftain. In 1875 M. R. Moore became proprietor. The Cactus and the Democrat appeared later at Del Norte, but were discontinued. The Sil- verton Miner was started in 1875 by John R. Curry of Iowa. M. R. Moore was editor in 1876. In 1875, also, the Silver World was first published at Lake City by H. M. Woods, who sold it in 1877 to H. C. Olney. Moore was editor in 1877-78. Woods started another paper in 1877 at Lake City, the Crescent, which ran only one year. The Times was the first paper in Ouray, .
HIST. NEV. 34
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.
founded by Ripley Brothers in 1877. The same year the San Juan Sentinel was started and discontinued. In 1879 the Ouray Solid Muldoon was estab- lished by David F. Day. It is the property of the Muldoon Publishing com- pany. The same year the Cleora Journal was started by Dr S. C. McKeaney, but only ran 3 months. The Mining Register of Lake City was started in 1880 by J. F. Downey. The Salida Mountain Mail was founded by M. R. Moore in 1880, and sold in 1883 to W. W. Wallace. A great number of newspapers, corresponding to the growth of new towns or the resurrection of old ones, started up about this time. In 1880 the Telluride Journal was first issued. In the same year the Buena Vista Miner started, E. D. Hunt pro- prietor, who removed it to Maysville, and sold to J. S. Painter, the paper being discontinued in 1882. In 1881 the Maysville Mining Ledger commenced publication, J. H. Nomaker proprietor. The office was removed to Salida, and destroyed by fire in 1882. Mrs C. W. Romney established the first paper in Durango in 1880, soon after which the Durango Herald was published by Marsh Brothers. Tompkins Brothers issued a paper for a short time at Nathorp in 1880, which was suspended. About the same time the Dolores News was published by Frank Hartman; and the Mountaineer, at St Elmo, by Howard Russell; the True Fissure, at Alpine, which soon suspended; the Chaffee County Times, at Buena Vista, by P. A. Leonard; and the Buena Vista Her- ald, by A. R. Kennedy, who sold it in 1884 to A. R. Crawson. The Buena Vista Democrat was issued in 1882 by J. A. Cheeley, who transferred it to W. R. Logan. The Poncho Springs Herald, started by Tompkins Brothers in 1881, was discontinued in 1882. In 1882 the Salida Sentinel appeared, Petton & Brown owners. It was consolidated with the Mountain Mail in 1883. In that year the Salida News was published by W. B. McKinney. The Silverton Democrat was issned first in 1882. On the 18th of Feb., 1880, the Boulder County Herald was established, by Otto H. Wangelin. On the 17th of April it issued the first daily published in Boulder. The Denver Republican, a daily and weekly, was founded in 1879 by the Republican com- pany. Later it was consolidated with the Tribune as the Tribune-Republican. A number of other journals belong to Denver-the Colorado Journal, a weekly, founded in 1872 by W. Witteborg; the Colorado Farmer, a weekly, founded in 1873 by J. S. Stanger; the Presbyterian, a monthly, founded in 1871 by S. Jackson; The Financial Era, a weekly, started in 1878 by F. C. Messenger & Co .; the Colorado Post, a weekly, issued by the News Printing company in 1879; The Colorado Antelope, a monthly journal devoted to 'woman's political equality and individuality,' published by Mrs C. M. Churchill, started in 1882; Real Estate and Mining Review, first published in 1873 by T. E. Picott; Denver Opinion, Inter-Ocean, Great West, and Vidette. A paper called the Evans Journal was started at Evans in 1871 by James Torrens, and one at Sterling at a later period. The Castle Rock News Letter was published in 1875 by C. E. Parkinson, and the Castle Rock Journal was issued about 1880. The Fort Collins Express was the first paper in Larimer county, and was founded by J. S. Mcclelland in 1873. The Fort Collins Courier was founded by Watrous and Pelton in 1878. W. E. Pabor started the Colorado Grange, an agricutural monthly journal, in 1876, at Longmont. The Mentor was issued at Monument in 1878 by A. T. Blachley. The Colo- rado Springs Gazette was established in 1873 by the Gazette Publishing Com- pany. In the same year the Mountaineer was started by a printing company at the same place; and in 1875 the Deaf and Mute Index, by H. M. Harbert. More recent publications at Colorado Springs are the State Republic and the Evening Times. Pueblo and South Pueblo have added to the early El Paso county journals the Banner, by A. J. Patrick; the Evening Star, a daily, by Lacey & Westcott; Saturday Opinion, by J. A. Wayland; Commercial Stand- ard, and Colorado Methodist. Bent county published first the Leader, in 1873, at West Las Animas, C. W. Bowman proprietor, and the Tribune at La Junta more recently. Custer county's first newspaper was the Rosita Index, started in 1875; and succeeded by the Sierra Journal at the same place; the Silver Cliff Tribune; the Miner, a daily and weekly, issued in 1878 by W. L. Stevens,
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and the Prospector, a daily, owned by Mckinney and Lacey. Fremont county has the Canon City Record, founded in 1875 by H. T. Blake; Canon City Mercury; the Canon City Democrat; the Cold Creek Enterprise, and Cold Creek Hawkeye. Las Animas county was first represented in 1875 by the Trinidad Enterprise, daily and weekly, by J. M. Rice, 1878, and by the Review, Advertiser, and News, the latter a daily and weekly, started by Henry Sturgis in 1878, all at Trinidad. Huerfano county had the La Veta Quill, and a newspaper at Walsenburg. Saguache county has the Saguache Chron- icle, founded by W. B. Felton in 1874, the Saguache Advance, and the Bonanza Enterprise. La Plata county is represented by the Southwest at Ani- mas City, started by Engly & Reid in 1879, and by the Herald and Democrat at Durango. Conejos county had the the Alamosa News, started by M. Curtiss in 1878, the Independent, started the same year by Hamm & Finley, the Gazette, and later the Democrat. San Juan county added the Silverton Herald, and Democrat, established in 1882, to its Pioneer Miner. Hinsdale county had a second paper at Lake City, the Mining Register. Dolores county had but one journal, the Rico News. Ouray county gained the Red Mountain Review. Mesa county had the Grand Junction News, and Grand Junction Democrat; Montrose county the Messenger, and one other paper. Delta county had a paper of its own. In Pitkin county were the Aspen Times and Sun. Gunni- son's first newspaper was the Gunnison News, started in April 1880. It was followed in May by the Review, both weekly journals. Soon the News sus- pended, but late in 1881 another weekly, the Press, was started. In the spring of 1882 the Review issued a daily, and soon the two papers consolidated and issued the daily Review-Press, Aug. Ist. The News was revived in the spring of 1882 as the News-Democrat. The Mining Journal, started in the autumn, suspended in 4 months. The Sun, started in the autumn of 1883, survived 10 months. The county still had left 7 newspapers, besides those in Gunnison City; namely, the Ell: Mountain Pilot, at Irwin, established in 1880; the Crested Butte Gazette, established in 1880; Pitkin Independent, 1880; Pitkin Mining News, 1882; Tomichi, Herald, 1882; Tin Cup Miner, 1880; Tin Cup Banner, 1880, suspended in 1882; the White Pine Cone, 1883; and Gothic Record. In Summit co. were the Breckenridge Leader, Breckenridge Journal, and Dillon Enterprise. Park county published the Fair Play Flume, the Alma Bulletin, and the Como Headlight; Grand county, the Grand Lake Enterprise; Clear Creek county, in addition to its papers already named, the Silver Flume at Georgetown, and at Idaho Springs the Advance, the Iris, and Gazette. Boulder added to the News-Courier the Herald, a daily and weekly. Lake county, rich in journalism, had at Leadville the Eclipse, started by G. F. Wanless in 1878; the Reveille, founded by R. S. Allen the same year, daily and weekly; the Leadville Chronicle, a daily, founded Jan. 29, 1879, by Davis, Arkins, and Burnell; the Herald, a daily, started by R. G. Dill in Oct. 1879; the Democrat, a daily, founded Jan. 1, 1880, by a stock company. In Oct. 1883 C. C. Davis purchased the Democrat, and changed its politics, but not its name. The Times, an evening daily, was started in 1881 by a stock com- pany. Four successive weeklies under the same name-the Monday Morning News-have come into existence, to perish at the end of a few weeks, except the last. The Mining Index also had a brief existence. The Leaflet also belonged to the ephemeral class of publications. The journals in existence in 1886 were the Chronicle, Herald, and Democrat, all republican in politics, although Lake county is democratic. The typographical, pictorial, and edi- torial features of these journals are worthy of notice. The Chronicle-Annual for Jan. 1882 is a complete representation of Leadville and the mining indus- try, and also the scenic attractions of the county, with historical and biographical sketches, presented in 42 quarto pages, in a handsome paper cover. The Weekly Democrat for Jan. 1, 1881, contains 20 six-column pages of matter concerning the mines of Lake county, with historical and other matter, and numerous wood-cuts illustrative of the wonderful growth of the then 4-year old city. The Rocky Mountain News Illustrated Almanac, 1882, is a highly creditable publication, containing, besides much information, illus-
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FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.
trations of the natural history of the state, well executed. The Denver journals, and the numerous well-printed pamphlets on all sorts of subjects, exhibit the progress of the art preservative in Colorado.
In connection with the newspaper history of the country, L. R. Freeman should be mentioned. In 1850 he took the first printing press that crossed the Missouri river above St Louis to Fort Kearney, on the Platte. With the advance of the Pacific railroad, he pursued his way westward, publishing his paper, The Frontier Index, at Kearney, North Platte, Julesburg, Laramie, Bear River, and Ogden. In 1885 he was at Yakima, in Washington, working his way to Puget sound. No other newspaper in the United States has so varied a history as the Index.
Among the authorities drawn upon for the above history of Colorado journalism are Pitkin's Political Views, MS., and a dictation from Roger W. Woodbury of the Denver Daily Times. Woodbury was born in N. H. in 1834, and came to Colorado in 1866. After a few months in the mines he resumed his trade of compositor on the Denver Tribune, but was soon made local editor, and then managing editor and part owner. He sold his interest in 1871, and the following year established the Daily Times. He had $20,- 000 when he started, but retained the sole ownership, and performed all the editorial work until 1883, when he sold it for $42,500. He was appointed brig .- gen. of the state militia in 1882, and served one term, and was president of the Denver chamber of commerce. Byers' Newspaper Press of Colorado, MS., is an invaluable authority from 1859 down. Good Times in Gunnison, MS., by A. B. Johnson, furnishes the history of flush times and early news- papers in that country. Johnson was born in Iowa in 1856, and graduated from Simpson university in 1880. He was principal of a graded school in Seward, Neb., for a year, and then came to Colorado. He was for a few months editor of the Castle Rock Journal, when he removed to Gunnison City to take charge of the Daily Review Press in the autumn of 1882. M. R. Moore's Press and People of Colorado, MS., is another excellent authority on newspaper matters, the author having been connected with half a dozen jour- nals in the south and southwest portion of the state. Moore was born in Indians in 1858, and came to Colorado in 1875. He belongs to the San Juan country. James F. Meagher, in his Observations, MS., on Colorado, also furnishes some newspaper information. He came to Colorado from New York city, where he was born in 1841, and drove a six-yoke team of oxen up the Platte in 1864. After residing in different parts of the state he settled in Salida.
Among other manuscript authorities is Carlyle C. Davis' History of Colo- rado. Davis was born at Glenn's Falls, N. Y., in 1846, and did not come to Colorado until 1878, since which time he has been connected with journalism in Leadville. El Paso County, as It has been and Is, MS., contains a selec- tion of extracts from different journals on this subject, and incidentally on newspapers. Byers' Centennial State, MS., 40, has some information on the founding of county papers. So has Eaton's Gunnison Yesterday and To-day, MS., 6, and Horn's Scientific Tour, MS., 5. Different publications treating of journalism, to which reference has been made, are Farrel's Colorado, the Rocky Mountain Gem, 66, a pamphlet published in 1868 in Chicago by Ned. E. Farrell, containing an epitome of the territorial physical history and resources, good for the period: Ingersoll's Knocking around the Rockies, 10-11; Pabor's Colo as an Agricultural State, 783-7; Balch's Mines and Miners, 355; Fossett's Colorado, 158-9; Denver Tribune, July 15, 1880; U. S. H. Misc. Doc., 4 th cong. 2d sess., xiii. pt 8, pp. 209, 170-194; Pettengill's Newspaper Direc- tory, 183-4; Corbett's Legis. Manual, 39-43.
CHAPTER X.
AGRICULTURE AND STOCK RAISING.
1861-1886.
LAND SURVEYS-ANALYSES OF SOILS-ALTITUDES-IRRIGATION-IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT-CONVENTION-LAWS AND REGULATIONS -- A MOST PER- FECT SYSTEM-DITCHING-GREELEY AND THE UNION COLONY-LAND- INVESTMENT, CANAL, AND IRRIGATING COMPANIES-GRAIN-GROWING DISTRICTS-PRODUCTS-HORTICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES -GRANGES-FAILURE OF COOPERATIVE COMMERCE-STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE - AGRICULTUTAL COLLEGE - STOCK-RAISING - NATIVE GRASSES-INCORPORATED CATTLE COMPANIES-SHEEP AND HORSES.
TURNING from metals and mines to the agricultural and other interests of Colorado, we will find fresh congratulations to offer the occupants of this favored land. I have already briefly touched upon the fact that in this portion of the elevated regions of the mid-continent, as in other portions which were wont to be represented by travellers as desert countries, experiment proved that moisture only was required to mantle the bare earth with bloom. Wherever that was present, or could be introduced by artificial means, farming was likely to prove remunerative. The survey of the public lands began in 1861,1 the work being carried on first in the Platte valley, where the lands along the Cache-la-Poudre, Big Thompson, Little Thompson, St Vrain, Boulder, Ralston, Clear
1 The first surveyor-general of Colorado was Francis M. Case, who was appointed soon after the establishment of the district of Colorado, April 5, 1861. The salary at that time was $3,000 a year; under the act of June 15, 1880, it was reduced to $2,500. Balch's Mines, Miners, etc., 569; Byers' Cen- tennial State, MS., 27; U. S. Sen. Jour., 400, 37, 2; U. S. Sen. Doc., i. no. ], 616, 464-5, 37, 2. The office of the sur-gen. was opened June 17, 1861, the standard meridian passing through Pueblo, and about 18 miles east of Denver, and the base line being on the 40th parallel.
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creek, Bear creek, and Cherry creek branches was nearly all taken up in 1862, as well as that on the Fontaine-qui-Bouille2 branch of the Arkansas. The first three years' experience taught the farmers to depend upon artificial irrigation alone, for which reason claims were nearly all bounded on one side by a stream coming down from the highlands extending some distance upon their margins to furnish the facil- ities for filling the necessary ditches with water. The surveyor-general in 1866 estimated the quantity of land under cultivation to be 100,000 acres, and that one half the population of 35,000 were engaged directly or directly in agricultural pursuits. He also esti- mated the area of arable land to be equal to 4,000,- 000 acres, and remarked that the immigration of permanent well-to-do settlers kept the farming inter- est up to the wants of the population.3 Of the con- dition of the farming interest at this period I have spoken previously, stating that in 1866, for the first time, the agricultural productions began to exceed the wants of the population of Colorado, and to offer a surplus in the markets of Montana, and at the gov- ernment posts. In 1867 the surveyor-general, refer- ring to his predecessor's views, gives it as his opinion that there were 10,000,000 acres of cultivable land in the territory,4 showing how the idea grew of the agricultural capabilities of the mountain region out of
2 The report of the sur-gen. for 1862 speaks of the Huerfano and Arkansas rivers as having the most extensive grain growing farms east of the moun- tains. On the Rio Grande also, and its tributaries, was a large population, mostly Mexican, engaged in agricutural and pastoral pursuits. U. S. H. Ex. Doc., ii. no. i., p. 112, 37, 3. According to Balch's Mines and Miners, 570, a local land-office was established at Golden City June 2, 1862, which was removed to Denver; one at Denver Sept. 12, 1864; one at Fairplay Oct. 29, 1867, removed to Leadville July 1879; one at Central City Dec. 27, 1867; one at, Pueblo May 27, 1870; one at Del Norte June 20, 1874; and one at Lake City May 5, 1877. According to DeCoursey's Glenwood, MS., 2, a land-office was established at Glenwood in 1884. Durango has also a local land-office. These several offices are made necessary by the patenting of mining claims since the act of July 1866.
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