USA > Colorado > History of Colorado; Volume I > Part 22
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It requires a two-thirds vote to pass a measure over the Governor's veto.
The Lieutenant Governor in case of death or disability of the state executive becomes Governor. He presides over the Senate.
The Auditor and Treasurer are not eligible for these offices at next succeed- ing elections.
Following is a complete roster of the Governors, Secretaries of State, Audit- ors, Treasurers, Attorney Generals, Superintendents of Public Instruction, mem- bers of the Supreme Court, U. S. Senators and Congressmen elected since the granting of statehood :
STATE GOVERNORS
John L. Routt, (R) 1876-1879
Frederick W. Pitkin, (R) 1879-1883
James B. Grant, (D) .1883-1885
Benjamin H. Eaton, (R) 1885-1887 Alva Adams, (D). 1887-1889
Job A. Cooper, (R). 1889-1891
John L. Routt, (R). 1891-1893
David A. Waite, (P) 1893-1895
Albert W. McIntyre, (R) 1895-1897
Alva Adams, (D). 1897-1899
Charles S. Thomas, (D) 1899-1901
James B. Orman, (D)
1901-1903
James H. Peabody, (R). 1903-1905
Alva Adams, (D) (Sixty-six days)
1905
James H. Peabody, (R) (One day)
1905
Jesse F. McDonald, (R) 1905-1907
Henry A. Buchtel, (R) 1907-1909
John F. Shafroth, (D) 1909-1913
Elias Ammons, (D) 1913-1915
George A .. Carlson, (R) 1915-1917
Julius C. Gunter, (D)
1917-1919
U. S. SENATORS OF COLORADO
Henry M. Teller, (R). 1876-1882
Jerome B. Chaffee, (R) 1876-1879
Nathaniel P. Hill, (R) 1879-1885
George M. Chilcott (R) 1882
Horace A. W. Tabor (R) 1883
Thomas M. Bowen, (R) 1883-1889
193
HISTORY OF COLORADO
Henry M. Teller, (R) and (D).
1885-1909
Edward O. Wolcott (R) .. . 1889-1901 Thomas M. Patterson, (D) . 1901-1907 Simon Guggenheim, (R).
Charles J. Hughes, Jr., (D)
1909
Charles S. Thomas, (D)
John F. Shafroth, (D)
1913-
SECRETARIES OF STATE
Wm. M. Clark (R). 1876-1879
N. H. Meldrum (R) 1879-1883
David A. Mills (D). .1901-1903 Melvin Edwards (R) 1883-1887
James Rice (R) 1887-1891
E. J. Eaton (R).
1891-1893
N. O. McClees (P) 1893-1895
A. B. McGaffey (R) . 1895-1897
Charles H. S. Whipple (D) . 1897-1899
Elmer F. Beckwith (D) .... 1899-1901
James Cowie (R) . 1903-1907
Timothy O'Connor (R)
. 1907-1909
James B. Pierce (D) 1909-1915 John E. Ramer (R). 1915-1917
James R. Noland (D) 1917-
AUDITORS
D. C. Crawford (R)
.1876-1879
E. K. Stimson (R)
1879-1881
Jos. A. Davis (R) 1881-1883
J. C. Abbott (R) . 1883-1885
H. A. Spruance (R)
1885-1887
·D. P. Kingsley (R).
1887-1889
Louis Schwanbeck (R)
1889-1891
J. M. Henderson (R).
1891-1893
F. M. Goodykoontz (P)
. 1893-1895
C. C. Parks (R). 1895-1897
John W. Lowell (R) 1897-1899
George W. Temple (R) .... 1899-1901
Chas W. Crouter (R). .1901-1903
John A. Holmberg (R) 1903-1905 Alfred E. Bent (R). 1905-1907
George D. Statler (R) 1907-1909 Roady Kenehan (D) 1909-191 1
M. A. Leddy (D) . 19II-1913 Roady Kenehan (D). 1913-1915 Harry E. Mulnix (R). . 1915-1917
Charles H. Leckenby (D) . . 1917-1919
TREASURERS
George C. Corning (R). . 1876-1879
·N. S. Culver (R) . 1879-1881 W. C. Saunders (R) .1881-1883
G. R. Swallow (R) 1885-1887
P. W. Breene (R) 1887-1889 W. H. Brisbane (R) 1889-1891 James N. Carlile (R) 1891-1893
Albert Nance (P) 1893-1895
H. E. Mulnix (R) 1895-1897 George W. Kephart (D) . . 1897-1899
John H. Fesler (D). . 1899-1901
James N .. Chipley (R) .. . . 1901-1903
Whitney Newton (R). 1903-1905 Fred Walson (R) 1883-1885
John A. Holmberg (R) 1905-1907 Alfred E. Bent (R). 1907-1909 Wm. J. Galligan (D) 1909-19II Roady Kenehan (D) 19II-1913 Michael A. Leddy (D) . . 1913-1915 Allison E. Stocker (R). . . 1915-1917 Robert H. Higgins (D). . . 1917-1919
Vol. 1-13
1907-1913
1913-
194
HISTORY OF COLORADO
SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
J. C. Shattuck (R) 1876-1881
L. S. Cornell (R). 1881-1883
J. C. Shattuck (R) 1883-1885
Helen L. Grenfell (D) ... . 1899-1905
L. S. Cornell (R) 1885-1889 Katherine L. Craig (R) .... 1905-1909
Fred Dick (R).
1889-1891
Katherine M. Cook (D). . . 1909-191I
N. B. Coy (D). 1891-1893
1893-1895
Helen M. Wixon (R). . . . 19II-1913 Mary C. C. Bradford (D) .. 1913-
ATTORNEYS GENERAL
A. J. Sampson (R). 1876-1879
C. W. Wright (R) 1879-1881
David M. Campbell (R) . 1899-1901
C. H. Toll (R) 1881-1883
Charles C. Post (R). . 1901-1903
D. C. Urmy (R). 1883-1885
Nathan C. Miller (R). 1903-1907
T. H. Thomas (R)
1885-1887
Wm. H. Dickson (R). 1907-1909
Alvin Marsh (R)
1887-1889
John T. Barnett (D) 1909-19II
S. W. Jones (R). 1889-1891
Benjamin Griffith (R) 1911-1913
J. H. Maupin (D) . 1891-1893
Fred Farrar (D) . 1913-1917
E. Engley (D) . 1893-1895
Leslie E. Hubbard (D) .1917-
SUPREME COURT
Elected in
Elected in
E. T. Wells (R) 1876
Henry C. Thatcher (R) 1876
*John M. Maxwell (R) 1905
Samuel H. Elbert (R) 1876
** George W. Bailey (R) . 1905
Wilbur F. Stone (D) I.877
Charles F. Caswell (R). 190.1
William E. Beck (R) 1879
George W. Musser (D) 1908
Jos. C. Helm (R). 1882 and 1891
S. Harrison White (D) 1908
Samuel H. Elbert (R) 1886
William A. Hill (D). 1908
Charles D. Hayt (R) 1888
Morton S. Bailey (D). 1908
Victor A. Elliott (R) 1888
James E. Garrigues (R) . 1910
L. M. Goddard (R). 1892
Tully Scott (D). 1912
Wm. H. Gabbert (R) 1892
James H. Teller (D). . 1914
John Campbell (R). 1894
George W. Allen (R) 1916
Robert W. Steele (D) 1900
CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES
In 1876, when admitted to statehood, Colorado was entitled to two United States senators, one congressman, and three presidential electors. In 1890 the state was entitled to two representatives in Congress. In 1900 this had grown to three, with the state fairly apportioned, giving the Western Slope one representative, the southern part of the state one, and the eastern part of the state one. The first congressman was James B. Belford, republican. for
* Transferred from Court of Appeals.
Mrs. A. J. Peavey (R) . . . . 1895-1897
Grace Espey Patton (D) ... 1897-1899
J. F. Murray (P)
Byron L. Carr (R) . . 1895-1899
*Julius C. Gunter (D). . 1905
195
HISTORY OF COLORADO
the short term, Thomas M. Patterson, democrat, succeeding him for the long term. Congressman Belford was returned to the forty-sixth, forty-seventh, and forty-eighth congresses. George G. Symes, republican, succeeded him in the forty-ninth and fiftieth. Hosea Townsend, republican, was elected to the fifty- first and fifty-second congresses. In the fifty-third Congress, 1893, John C. Bell, republican, represented the second congressional district, and Lafe Pence, populist, the first. In 1895, the fifty-fourth Congress, John C. Bell and John F. Shafroth, republicans, were the state representatives, serving together until 1903. In that year and in 1905 the state elected Robert W. Bonynge, Herschel M. Hogg and Franklin E. Brooks, the latter at-large.
For the sixtieth Congress, 1907-9, the Colorado congressmen were George W. Cook, at-large, Robert W. Bonynge, and Warren A. Haggott. For the sixty-first and sixty-second congresses the delegation was Edward T. Taylor, Atterson W. Rucker, and John A. Martin, all democrats.
The General Assembly, 1913, divided the state into four districts :
First, the City and County of Denver.
Second : Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Cheyenne, Douglas, Elbert, El Paso, Kit Carson, Larimer, Lincoln, Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick, Washington, Weld and Yuma.
Third : Alamosa, Baca, Clear Creek, Conejos, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Fre- mont, Gilpin, Huerfano, Jefferson, Kiowa, Las Animas, Mineral, Otero, Park. Prowers, Pueblo, Rio Grande, Saguache and Teller.
Fourth : Archuleta, Chaffee, Delta, Dolores, Eagle, Garfield, Grand, Gunni- son, Hinsdale, Jackson, Lake, La Plata, Mesa, Moffat, Montezuma, Montrose, Ouray, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, Routt, San Juan, San Miguel and Summit.
At the election of 1912 Edward T. Taylor and Edward Keating were elected at-large, George J. Kindel and H. H. Seldomridge representing the First and Second districts. The entire delegation was democratic.
For the sixty-fourth and the present Congress the delegation is: First, B. C. Hilliard, democrat ; Second, Charles B. Timberlake, republican; Third, Edward Keating, democrat; Fourth, Edward T. Taylor, democrat.
DENVER BECOMES CAPITAL
On November 8, 1881, the people of Colorado by an overwhelming vote made Denver the permanent capital of the state. The matter of locating the capital was wisely left open by the men who framed the constitution. They, however, made Denver the temporary seat of state government, stipulating that "the General Assembly shall have no power to change or locate the seat of govern- ment of the state, but shall at its first session subsequent to 1880 provide by law for submitting the question" to the people of the state.
After this selection is made the constitution provides that it can be changed only by a two-thirds vote of the electors.
And in the election which followed 30,248 votes were cast for Denver, 6,047 for Pueblo, 4,790 for Colorado Springs, 2,788 for Canon City, and 1,600 votes scattered in the interests of many other aspirants for the honor.
196
HISTORY OF COLORADO
ERECTING THE STATE HOUSE
The effort to erect a state house began in 1867, when a commission appointed by the Legislature secured from Henry C. Brown, of Denver, the deed to two entire city blocks, bounded by Colfax and Fourteenth avenues and Grand and Lincoln streets. In 1883 the capitol "Board of Directors and Supervisors" pur- chased for $100,000 the city block bounded by Colfax, Broadway, Fourteenth and Lincoln, thus completing the present site.
Other sites were given which later created a fund used in the construction of the present beautiful building. But the early capitol commissions, particu- larly that of 1867, were made up of men opposed to Denver.
In 1874 there was still a strong sentiment, particularly in the southern part of the state, against the selection of Denver. The growth of the present capital had been phenomenal, and it was plainly the logical site for the seat of govern- ment. The feeling, however, was yet too strong to permit of a decision in the constitutional convention. In 1874 a board consisting of M. Benedict, of Den- ver, J. H. Blum, of Trinidad, and J. H. Pinkerton, of Evans, was appointed to carry out the legislative act to erect a building on the Brown site and have it ready for occupancy January 1, 1876. The officials of the territory were now realizing the necessity for housing the departments under one building, for at the time they were located in widely separated office buildings of Denver. The matter of fire-proof vaults for records, the difficulty of getting officials together for conferences, the many delays and annoyances, were under constant consid- eration. The board again found that it lacked funds for the work, and so awaited the coming of statehood.
The third General Assembly, under constitutional direction, did more than put the matter of location to a vote. It authorized a levy of one-half mill for a permanent state building fund. When the fourth General Assembly met the location had been voted on and the first tax fund was about to become available. It authorized the immediate selection of "The Board of Directors and Super- visors," with the Governor as chairman, ex officio, and Alfred Butters, George W. Kassler, E. S. Nettleton, John L. Routt, Dennis Sullivan and W. W. Web- ster, members, to erect a wing of the new capitol. There were at once available $150,000 voted by the Legislature and an authorized bond issue of $300,000. The board decided it could not "build properly" with the moneys at hand. The fifth General Assembly voted not to exceed a million and asked for occupancy January 1, 1890.
In the competition which followed the plans adopted were those of E. E. Myers, of Detroit. The eastern contractors failed to carry out their agree- ment, and the construction was finally turned over to Denver men, among whom was David Seerie, a prominent builder, who died early in 1918.
Gunnison County granite was used and added greatly to the cost.
The Board of Capitol Managers appointed in 1890 comprised the Governor, ex officio, Benjamin F. Crowell, Charles J. Hughes, Jr., Otto Mears and John L. Routt, with full power to erect a magnificent structure. The board finally ex- pended about $3,400,000 on the building, which is thought by the ablest building experts of the country to be not only one of the most beautiful, but, considering results, one of the most economically constructed state houses in the country.
CAPITOL BUILDING, DENVER
198
HISTORY OF COLORADO
The corner stone was laid by the State Grand Lodge of Masons, on July 4th, 1890, and the first offices were occupied late in 1894.
In 1897 a State Board of Capitol Managers was created under an entirely new enactment, but its existence was limited to the time when the capitol building would be completed.
In 1917 this Board of Capitol Managers was made a permanent body.
CREATING NEW COUNTIES
The following are the counties created after the first territorial apportion- ment :
Archuleta County was taken from the western part of Conejos County, on April 14, 1885, its county seat being fixed at Pagosa Springs. The state honored J. M. Archuleta, Jr., head of one of the old Spanish families, in this designation.
Baca County was created April 16, 1889, and named in honor of the Mexican Baca family, residents of Trinidad. It was created from the eastern part of Las Animas County. Its county seat is Springfield.
In the naming and creating of Bent County out of part of Pueblo County, the Legislature of 1870 honored the old traders of the Santa Fé Trail. Its county seat is at Las Animas.
Chaffee County, segregated from Lake County, was created in 1879, and named in honor of one of Colorado's first senators. Its county seat is Buena Vista.
On April 1I, 1889, Cheyenne County was formed out of part of Elbert and Bent counties. It was the old rendezvous of the Cheyennes. Its county seat is Cheyenne Wells.
Delta was segregated from Gunnison, February 1I, 1883. Delta, formerly known as Uncompahgre, is the county seat.
Dolores County was taken from Ouray County, February 19, 1881. Its county seat is Rico. It is named after its principal stream, the Rio Dolores.
Eagle County was organized February 11, 1883, and was formerly part of Summit County. Redcliff is the county seat. It is named after its principal river.
Elbert County, named after Governor Elbert, was organized February 2, 1874, out of Douglas County. Kiowa is the county seat.
Garfield, taken from Summit County, was organized February 10, 1883. It was named after the late President James A. Garfield. Its county seat is Glen- wood Springs.
Grand County takes its name from the Grand River, and was organized February 21, 1874. Hot Sulphur Springs is the county seat.
Gunnison County, named after Captain Gunnison, was segregated out of part of Lake County, March 9, 1877. Its county seat is Gunnison.
Hinsdale County was established in 1874, when the Legislature created three new counties out of the region known as the San Juan. Its county seat is Lake City. The others were Rio Grande and La Plata, both named after the rivers of the southern part of the state. George A. Hinsdale, a former lieutenant governor, and famous as a jurist, is the sponsor for Hinsdale County. Del Norte is the county seat of Rio Grande and Durango is La Plata's county seat.
199
HISTORY OF COLORADO
The northern part of Bent County was taken to form Kiowa County, April II, 1889. This was the old stamping ground of the Kiowa Indians.
Las Animas County was created out of the southeastern part of Huerfano County, February 9, 1866. Trinidad is its county seat.
Logan County, named for Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, was created out of part of Weld County, February 25, 1887. County seat is Sterling.
Mesa County, taking its name from the Grand Mesa, was created out of part of Gunnison County, February 14, 1883. Its county seat is Grand Junction.
Mineral County, taken from Rio Grande, Hinsdale and Saguache counties, was created March 27, 1897. Its county seat is Creede.
Montezuma County was created out of the western part of La Plata County, April 16, 1889. Its county seat is Cortez.
Montrose County was created out of the western part of Gunnison, February II, 1883. Its county seat is Montrose.
Morgan County, named for Col. Christopher A. Morgan, a Civil War hero, was created out of part of Weld County, February 19, 1889. Its county seat is Fort Morgan.
Otero County, named in honor of Miguel Otero, descended from an old Spanish family, was taken from the western part of Bent County, March 25, 1889. Its county seat is La Junta.
Ouray County was taken from the northern part of San Juan, January 18, 1877, and is named after the famous Ute chief. Its county seat is Ouray.
Phillips County, named after a local citizen, was created out of the southern part of Logan County, March 27, 1889. Its county seat is Holyoke.
Pitkin County, taken from the northern part of Gunnison County, February 23, 1881, is named after Governor F. W. Pitkin. Its county seat is Aspen.
Prowers County, created from the eastern part of Bent County, named after the late John W. Prowers, a pioneer, was organized April 11, 1889. Its county seat is Lamar.
Rio Blanco County was created out of the northern part of Garfield County, March 25, 1889. Its county seat is Meeker.
Routt County was taken from Grand County, January 29, 1877, and named after John L. Routt, last governor of the territory, and first of the state. Its county seat is Hahns Peak.
Saguache County was taken out of the northern part of Costilla County, December 29, 1866. It is named after the river course and the mountain chain within its borders. Its county seat is Saguache.
San Juan County was taken from the northern part of La Plata, January 31, 1876. It derives its name from the San Juan Range. Its county seat is Sil- verton.
San Miguel County, named from its principal mountain and stream, was created out of the western part of Ouray, February 27, 1883. Its county seat is Telluride.
Sedgwick County, named after Gen. John Sedgwick, was taken from part of Logan County, April 9, 1889. Its county seat is Julesburg.
Washington County was taken from Weld County, February 9, 1887. Its county seat is Akron.
200
HISTORY OF COLORADO
Yuma County, named for the Town of Yuma, was created from the eastern part of Washington County, March 15, 1889. Its county seat is Wray.
Adams County was created out of part of Arapahoe County, April 15, 1901. It is named in honor of former Governor Alva Adams. Its county seat is Brighton.
Jackson County was created out of part of Larimer County, May 5, 1909. Its county seat is Walden.
Kit Carson County was created out of part of Elbert County, April 11, 1889, and is named after the famous frontiersman. Its county seat is Burlington.
Lincoln County was created out of part of Elbert and Bent counties, April II, 1889. Its county seat is Hugo.
Teller County, named in honor of the late Senator Teller, was created out of El Paso and Fremont counties, March 23, 1899. Its county seat is Cripple Creek.
Crowley County, named in honor of State Senator Crowley, was created May 29, 1911, out of part of Otero and Kiowa counties. Its county seat is Ordway.
Alamosa County was created out of parts of Conejos and Costilla counties, March 8, 1913. Its county seat is Alamosa.
Moffat County, named in honor of David H. Moffat, was created February 28, 1911, out of part of Routt County. Its county seat is Craig.
FINANCES OF THE STATE
The State of Colorado derives its main income from the 4-mill levy, which in 1917 was $2,509,037.89. This is now, and has been since 1913, assessed on a full valuation. From inheritance tax the state received in 1917 $358,330.15; the insurance department, after defraying its own expenses of operation, turned over to the general fund $247,500. The interest on bank deposits, which range from 21/2 per cent for daily balances to 3 per cent on deposits, amounted in 1917 to $65,346.31. The Board of Land Commissioners turned in for 1917 the total of $1,196,165.59. This represented the sums paid on state lands from sales, rentals, royalties and fees allowed for transaction of business. Out of this total part of the land board expense is paid, but the bulk of it goes for educational and road-building purposes, under constitutional acts and original grants in the enabling act, which have been covered in another chapter. Under an act passed by the General Assembly in 1915, revised in 1917, the land board now has power to make farm loans from school funds. The loaning power is carefully circum- scribed in the legislative enactment.
The state received in 1917 from the premiums on compensation insurance, under the state compensation insurance act of 1915, $183,683.19. This is used to pay indemnities and death benefits under that act. The state oil inspector turned into the state treasury in 1917, $34,817.78. This was from fees of one-tenth of a cent per gallon of all oils used in the state. Of this sum, $27,299.67 went into the general fund.
The state's share of the motor vehicle tax for 1917 was $134,982.46. This is used exclusively for road-building purposes. The other half collected goes to
201
HISTORY OF COLORADO
the various counties in which it originates, and is used by them for road-building purposes.
The fees collected by the Secretary of State for 1917, all of which goes into the general fund, was $217,000. This includes the flat tax paid by corporations. The corporation tax for 1918 under the act passed at the extra session of 1917 will go to pay the interest on the authorized bond issue of two and a half millions passed at the extra session as a war emergency measure. The excess above required interest will form a sinking fund to retire the bonds.
The coal mine inspection fund in 1917 amounted to $39,954.38. This is used exclusively to pay expense of protection of employes and inspection of coal mines. It is a tax of a third of I cent on the tonnage shipped. The "Brand" department fees collected by the Board of Live Stock Commissioners in 1917 amounted to $44,628.27, used only for the up-keep of that department.
The State Game and Fish Department turned in $68,850.76, fees from hunt- ing and fishing licenses. This is used exclusively for the department.
The escheat for 1917 amounted to $19,153.14. After twenty-one years this goes to the school fund. The United States Forest Reserve turned in to the state in 1917 $76,594.93, which is 25 per cent of the earnings of the forests in the state. The state received from tuition fees, earnings and miscellaneous fees from educational and penal institutions and state departments the sum of $372,059.27.
The various trust and permanent funds of the state earned in 1917 from interest on state bonds and warrants, $118,337.06.
The military department, from rental of armories, poll tax, etc., turned into the state treasury $106,896.48.
Including the sale of $791,500 of the war bond issue, the state received in 1917 a total of $6,639,569.26.
HOW THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN AMENDED
The Initiative and Referendum was submitted to the voters in November, 1910, and carried by a vote of 89,141 to 28,698. By this amendment "8 per cent of the legal voters shall be required to propose any measure by petition." The referendum may be ordered, "except as to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety," by 5 per cent of the voters or by the General Assembly. The initiative and referendum is expressly re- served to all cities, towns and municipalities as to all local, special and municipal legislation. The initiative requires in these instances a 10 per cent petition, the referendum one containing 15 per cent of the names of legal voters. This was an amendment to Article V, Section I, of the constitution.
On November 10, 1910, by a vote of 39,245 for to 31,047 against, the people amended Article V, Section 6, providing a payment of $1,000 to eachi legislator and traveling expenses for the biennial period. This is paid at the rate of $7 per day of service, with the balance payable at the end of the biennial period.
Article V, Section 19, was amended in November, 1884, providing "that no bill except the general appropriation bill for the expenses of the Government, only, which shall be introduced in either house of the General Assembly after the first thirty-it had been twenty-five-days of the session, shall become a law.
In 1916 this was limited by amendment to fifteen days.
202
HISTORY OF COLORADO
On November 7, 1884, Article V, Section 22, was amended to read: "Every bill shall be read at length on three different days in each house."
The "eight-hour" amendment was adopted in November, 1902, by a vote of 72,980 for and 26,266 against. It provided eight hours' labor "for persons em- ployed in underground mines or underground workings, blast furnaces, smelters, and any ore reduction works or other branch of industry or labor that the General Assembly may consider injurious or dangerous to health, life or limb."
On November 7, 1882, by a vote of 32,861 for and 8,378 against, Article V, Section 30, which fixed the salaries of the Governor and judges of the Supreme and District courts, the latter at $4,000, the former at $5,000 each, and which provided that "no law shall extend the term of any public officer or increase or diminish his salary or emolument after his election or appointment" was amended. It provided in its new form that "this shall not be construed to forbid the General Assembly to fix the salary or emolument of those first elected or ap- pointed under this constitution."
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