USA > Colorado > History of Colorado; Volume I > Part 68
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The School of Law was opened with a two-year course in1 1893, Moses Hallett, dean. He was followed in office by John Campbell, 1902, and John D. Fleming, 1907. In 1898 the course was lengthened to three years. The attendance in 1913 was ninety-seven ; degrees granted, twenty-two.
The Normal School, which was opened at the beginning of the school, was discontinued in 1892. In 1892 arrangements were made for the entering class to be consolidated with the Boulder high school; the course was lengthened to four years. The Preparatory Department was therefore dropped in 1906.
The Summer School opened in 1904 with sixty students, Fred B. R. Hel- lems, director ; George Norlin was director, 1909. In 1913 the attendance was 305.
In April, 1911, the regents authorized the establishment of a College of Pharmacy as a division of the School of Medicine. In June, 1913, it was organ- ized as a separate department, with Homer C. Washburn as dean. From the beginning it has maintained a standard of requirements for entrance and grad- uation equal to the best schools of pharmacy in the country.
The Extension Division was organized in 1912, with Loran D. Osborn as di- rector. It aims to make the campus of the university coextensive with the state,
609
HISTORY OF COLORADO
in accordance with the new idea that a state university exists for all the people and not for a few. Through this department the resources of the university are put at the disposal of all the people of the state who wish to utilize them.
In December, 1913, James H. Baker resigned from the presidency and was succeeded by Livingston Farrand, A. M., M. D. Dr. Farrand came from Colum- bia University, where he was professor of anthropology. He had for a num- ber of years been executive secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, and an active member of other organizations concerned with public health.
During his administration the university has made marked progress in organ- ization and public service. A revision of the tax levy for the various educational institutions of the state has given the university a stable income for running ex- penses and improvements, independent of special appropriations by the Legis- lature.
The faculty now includes 200 members, and there has been a wholesome in- crease in enrollment of students each year. Even the present national crisis has not reduced the number of students as severely as it has in many institutions.
In 1917 the School of Medicine was completely reorganized and put upon a basis for greater efficiency. The curriculum of the School of Law has also been revised in accordance with the demands of this profession. The requirements for graduation in the College of Liberal Arts and its branches (Commerce, Edu- cation, Social and Home Service) are based upon the most approved group elec- tive system. The College of Engineering offers technical training of the highest grade in the departments of Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Chemical Engineer- ing. The School of Pharmacy offers courses of two, three and four years' duration, which furnish thorough training for pharmacists, drug inspectors and analysts. The summer session offers courses of standard university grade to those who are unable to attend college during the regular school year and to those who wish to hasten the completion of their course by continuous study. The Extension Division has greatly increased its activities along the lines of public service. In 1916-17 there were 1,366 persons enrolled for instruction in this department.
DEGREES BY YEARS
Year
Hon. Grad. Med. Law
Arts
Eng.
Phar. Total
*Dip. Ed.
*Dip. Con.
1882
I
. .
.
...
6
...
7
.
...
1883
...
.
. .
I
...
.. .
I
...
. . .
1885
I
2
. .
.
..
3
·
.. .
1886
. .
. .
2
I
. ..
2
...
5
..
. . .
1888
.
I
...
4
...
5
. .
...
1889
2
I
...
3
...
...
6
...
1890
1
...
. .
. .
7
..
.. .
1891
2
. . .
5 ª
...
...
. .
16
...
...
.
2
. .
7
..
..
9
. ..
...
1884
2
. .
2
. .
...
1887
* These are given as evidence that certain specified courses have been included in the work for the A. B and A. M. degrees.
Vol. I-39
9
3
610
HISTORY OF COLORADO
Year
Hon. Grad. Med. Law
Arts
Eng.
Phar. Total
5
...
.. .
1893
2
2
3
12
12
IO
.. .
..
35
. .
. . .
1895
I
4
II
6
12
...
. .
34
...
7
II
...
. . .
31
...
..
1897
·
I
22
9
19
I
...
52
...
. ..
1898
I
5
...
9
21
3
.
39
.
. .
1899
I
5
...
13
20 28
12
...
51
.. .
...
..
1902
I
9
13
I4
33
8
. ..
. ..
I903
4
8
II
28
13
. . .
64
. .
. .
1905
3
II
6
15
41
14
.. .
90
..
.
1906
2
12
16
12
64
14
...
120
...
...
1907
9
12
16
53
19
. .
109
. . .
1908
I
14
II
16
77
27
146
8
1909
2
15
JI
29
72
32
.
161
22
...
1910
I
14
8
21
82
34
...
160
28
...
19II
.. .
15
39
27
96
37
. . .
214
31
I
1912
I
16
39
22
IIO
43
231
49
1913
3
23
51
22
106
42
I
248
35
6
1914
4
29
16
35
115
45
5
249
39
. .
1915
2
26
8
17
I27
41
7
228
36
. 2
1916
2
19
13
14
III
42
6
207
31
2
1917
3
II
21
II
47
II
209
33
3
36
273
379
370
1,482
500
30
3,070
312
14
I
...
4
.
..
IO
...
...
17
...
...
1896
.
I
. 7
7
.. .
5
...
48
190I
6
8
12
43
5
...
78
1904
..
I2
14
20
47
I6
...
109
*Dip. Ed
*Dip. Con.
In 1908 the Government was reorganized; the Board of Regents delegated certain powers to the president, to the administrative council, to the senate, and to the separate faculties. The administrative council, made up of the heads of all the schools, is advisory to the president, and also acts in major cases of discipline. The senate, composed of all the full professors and heads of de- partments in all schools, recommends for honorary degrees and through its committees and legislation deals with most questions in which more than one school is interested. Each separate faculty acts on questions of its own curricu- lum, and the scholarship and degrees of its own school; its dean controls minor cases of discipline.
In 1882 a landscape artist was employed who platted the grounds for an ornamental campus; many trees, shrubs, vines, and flowering plants were set out ; the lawn about the main building was put in. The main building was im- proved from time to time; the chapel was completed and furnished in 1883. In the spring and summer of 1884 the following buildings were erected :
* These are given as evidence that certain specified courses have been included in the work for the A. B. and A. M. degrees.
--
-
...
1894
I
13
1900
74
1892
611
HISTORY OF COLORADO
President's House, costing approximately $6,500.00
Cottage Number I 4,263.00
Cottage Number 2
3,825.00
Hospital (later known as the Medical Building)
6,250.00
Most of the campus was ploughed and seven hundred trees were planted, lawns were put in, and walks laid during President Hale's incumbency. The ravine was crossed by two bridges of stone and one of iron; a part of it was filled with a beautiful lake. The older buildings were put in repair and the following built :
Medical Hall, brick $ 2,540.00
Addition to Women's Dormitory, brick. 3,695.00
Woodbury Hall, stone
23,470.00
Hale Science Building, stone ; contract price. 41,586.00
In 1904 the driveways in the centre of the campus were removed and a large quadrangle extending east and west from the Engineering Building to Broad- way and north and south from the Library to Main, was leveled and put into lawn bordered by stone walks and rows of elms.
Among the improvements made in President Baker's administration may be mentioned :
Engineering Building
$ 50,000.00
Gymnasium 6,000.00
Chemistry Building
43,000.00
Hospital ($10,000 from Boulder region)
15,000.00
Heating, Lighting and Power Plant
112,000.00
Engineering Shops
32,500.00
Later construction :
Library
$ 75,500.00
Hale Science Building (the wings) 37,000.00
Geology Building
55,000.00
The Simon Guggenheim Law Building
55,000.00
The Macky Auditorium
300,000.00
Denison Research Laboratory
21,000.00
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
The first educational charter granted in the history of Colorado was the charter of the Colorado Seminary, given by the Territorial Legislature, when in session at Golden, on March 5, 1864. The Supreme Court of Colorado in a unanimous decision, in the University of Denver tax suit, certified that "This is the pioneer school of higher learning in this state."
The institution, like all schools at the beginning, had a more or less uncertain life for a period of sixteen years. In 1880 the Colorado Seminary developed into the University of Denver. The work of the University of Denver has gone forward steadily, without any interruption whatsoever, and with ever-growing
612
HISTORY OF COLORADO
usefulness and efficiency since that date. The first university degrees given in Colorado were given by the University of Denver 111 April, 1882. The university has given 3,351 degrees down to the commencement in 1917, and leads all insti- tutions of like rank in the state in service to the public, as shown by this record.
The University of Denver has been a pioneer in many varieties of educational work, giving the first degrees in medicine, the first degrees in law, the first de- grees in dentistry, the first degrees in commerce, and the first degrees in phar- macy. This means that these various departments were organized at the Uni- versity of Denver first of all.
The medical department of the University of Denver, after having graduated more than 600 doctors of medicine, was associated with the medical department of the State University a few years ago. The Extension College of the University of Denver began its work about twenty years ago. Work has been given regularly in the Extension College on Saturdays and on other week-days in the evening, and in the Summer School for a period of twenty years. More than two thousand different people have enriched their lives through securing college training out- side of the regular college hours. More than a thousand of the teachers and principals in Denver have been students in these classes. In the list of teachers in Denver at this time approximately four hundred of them have had their higher educational training in whole or in part in the University of Denver.
The departments of the University of Denver now fully equipped are as fol- lows: College of Liberal Arts, Graduate School, School of Pharmacy, Summer School, Extension College, Law School, Dental School, School of Commerce, School of Arts.
At this writing, January 7, 1918, the University of Denver has 340 stars in its service flag. The Patriotic League of the University includes in its member- ship all the professors and instructors and practically all the students in all de- partments. The membership will include graduates and former students and friends of the university, as well as students and professors and trustees.
The purpose of the League is to maintain intelligent interest in the ideals of our country, to awaken ever deepening enthusiasm in our obligations to all .peo- ples, to coordinate all effort of our university for the development of what is best in our national life, to respond to the call of the Government in all manner of service, whether military or educational or economic, and to unite our efforts in all possible ways with like endeavors of other educational institutions.
THE COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES
It is rather a singular coincidence that the two great mining schools of Amer- ica, the Colorado School of Mines and the Columbia University School of Mines, New York, should have had their inception in 1864. In the year noted Thomas Eggleston, a well-known mineralogist, a graduate of Yale and of the Ecole des Mines, in Paris, originated the plans for the Columbian institution.
The Colorado school owes its inception to the practical miners of Gilpin County, who set aside for that purpose a portion of the receipts derived from the recording and sale of mineral claims. In 1868, when Bishop Randall, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, started his proposed university at Golden, he made provision for a school of mines, and the original building yet stands on the grounds
613
HISTORY OF COLORADO
of the Industrial School for Boys, about two miles east of the present School of Mines. Jarvis Hall, a general college for boys and young men, and Mathews Hall, the divinity school, were the other institutions in the group. The two halls were destroyed by fire in 1874. The schools were then removed to Denver.
In 1870 the Territorial Legislature, appreciating the design of Bishop Randall, appropriated $3,872 for a special building. This was completed in 1871, when Prof. E. J. Mallett, a New York chemist, began giving instructions in assaying and the easier of the chemical tests. With the assistance of his students, and aided by John W. Nesmith, then master mechanic of the Colorado Central Rail- road, and later president of the Colorado Iron Works, Professor Mallett tested the fuel values of the Colorado coals, which were at that time regarded as unfit for use in either smelting or railroad work. The tests were favorable, showing the variety and value of the Colorado product. Thus early in its history the School of Mines demonstrated its peculiar value and its intimate relation to the varied resources of the Rocky Mountain region.
The appropriation of 1874 was $5,000, secured by Dr. Levi Harsh, the repre- sentative from Jefferson. When this appropriation became available the School of Mines was transferred by Bishop Randall to the territorial authorities. Five acres of land, originally the donation of C. C. Welch to the Episcopal University, were deeded to the Territory in connection with the school. The first board of trustees met in Golden, July 6, 1874, when W. A. H. Loveland was elected pres- ident and Capt. E. L. Berthoud secretary. As the minutes were recorded in the handwriting of the secretary, the names of all the members of the board are not easily made out. However, Prof. N. P. Hill, of Gilpin County, founder of the Argo smelter ; Alpheus Wright, of Boulder; C. C. Davis, of Arapahoe; and W. W. Ware, of Clear Creek, were among those present. The title deeds from Bishop Spalding and C. C. Welch were presented and approved, whereupon the bulk of the $5,000 appropriation was set aside for the salary of Professor Mallett and the equipment of the school. The sum of $500 was paid Bishop Spalding for the church's interest in the building and grounds, and the purchase of one-half of a certain Table Mountain spring was provided for.
Governor John L. Routt, the last of the territorial executives, named a new board of trustees, which was made up as follows: W. A. H. Loveland, E. L. Berthoud, and Capt. James T. Smith of Jefferson County; Adair Wilson, of San Juan County ; J. H. Yonley, of Summit. Messrs. Loveland and Berthoud were the officers of the board. Gregory Board, M. E., a graduate of the Royal School of Mines, London, succeeded E. J. Mallett as professor in charge.
March 29, 1878, Milton Moss, a practical chemist, succeeded Gregory Board in charge of the school, the latter taking charge of the Golden Smelting Works. In addition to his duties at the school, Professor Moss was instructed to use his summer vacation in the examination of mines, mining districts, stamp mills, smelt- ers, reduction and concentration works, and any other examinations or reports pertinent to his duties as commissioner of mines-an office which was then at- tached to the duties of professor in charge.
The year 1879 was a crucial one in the affairs of the Colorado School of Mines, which at that time was confronted by an agitation to merge the school with the State University at Boulder. The location of the school at Golden, by the state constitution, served to stay the agitation in the General Assembly, and,
614
HISTORY OF COLORADO
at the urgent request of its local friends, the school was given a further chance to "make good." The second General Assembly, which met in January, 1879, established the fifth-of-a-mill tax for the regular support of the school, and out of that provision, with gifts and special appropriations added, in addition to re- ceipts from students, the institution extended from four lots in 1879, to four and one-half blocks in 1907, with an increase in property from $10,000 all told to more than $500,000.
Governor Pitkin, who was elected in November, 1878, named the following board to govern the school : Rev. John R. Eads, Capt. James T. Smith and F. E. Everett, of Golden ; Frederick Steinhauer and Edward L. Johnson, of Denver.
Additions were made to the original building of 1880 by the building of 1882 and by the building of 1890, all of which are now united and called the Hall of Chemistry. The Hall of Physics was erected in 1894, the Assay Laboratory in 1900, and Stratton Hall in 1904. The heating, lighting and power plant was com- pleted in 1906. The Administration Building, named Simon Guggenheim Hall for the donor, was also erected in 1906. The Gymnasium was completed in 1908. The Experimental Ore Dressing and Metallurgical Building was completed in 1912.
At a meeting of September 23, 1880, Prof. Albert C. Hale, now of Brooklyn, New York, was engaged to take charge of the school, being the fourth in suc- cession.
In September, 1883, Dr. Regis Chauvenet, of St. Louis, was placed in charge of the school, remaining in this position until 1902. He was succeeded by S. K. Palmer, who had been professor of chemistry at the state university. Prof. W. G. Haldane, of the School of Mines, followed. Prof. Victor C. Alderson then assumed charge. Professors Phillips and Parmelee followed, but in August, 1917, Doctor Alderson again assumed charge of the institution.
The Colorado School of Mines had graduated 762 mining engineers from its inception to January 1, 1918. Of these, 103 were foreign students.
Of the total number of living graduates, 84 per cent are located within the United States. Of the graduates in the United States, 30 per cent are located in Colorado. Of the graduates engaged in foreign countries, 51 per cent are in Spanish-American countries.
THE STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
The first move toward establishing an agricultural college in Colorado was made by Congress in what is known as the Morrill act of July 2, 1862, which gave public lands to the several states and territories in order to "provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts." According to this act, each state was to receive 30,000 acres for each senator and representative it had in Congress.
This act cannot be said to have established the Agricultural College, for the lands were not finally made available until the year 1884, yet the provisions of the act were known and must have encouraged the legislators of Colorado in estab- lishing the college. Through this act the college finally received an endowment of 90,000 acres of land.
The people of Fort Collins, however, took a lively interest in the proposed college and. before 1872, 240 acres of land near Fort Collins were given for col-
615
HISTORY OF COLORADO
lege purposes by Arthur H. Patterson (80 acres), Robert Dalzell (30 acres), Jo- seph Mason, H. C. Peterson, and J. C. Mathews (jointly 50 acres), and the Lari- mer County Improvement Company (80 acres).
On February 13, 1874, the Territorial Legislature made an appropriation of $1,000 to aid the trustees in erecting buildings, provided they should raise "by subscription, donation, or otherwise," an equal sum for buildings and grounds. More than the required sum was subscribed by the Improvement Company, by Collins Grange, and by private parties, amounting in all to $1,123.
In 1876 the college became an institution of the new State of Colorado, and early in 1877 it came under the control of the State Board of Agriculture. The act establishing this board provides as follows:
"That a board is hereby constituted and established which shall be known by the name and style of the State Board of Agriculture. It shall consist of eight members, besides the governor of the state and the president of the State Agri- cultural College, who shall be ex-officio members of the board. The governor, by and with the consent of the Senate, on or before the third Wednesday of January of each biennial session of the General Assembly, shall appoint two members of the board to fill the vacancies that shall next occur, which vacancies shall be so filled that at least one-half of the appointed members of the board shall be prac- tical farmers.
"The State Board of Agriculture shall have the general control and super- vision of the State Agricultural College, the farm pertaining thereto, and lands which may be vested in the college by state or national legislation and of all ap- propriations made by the state for the support of the same. The board shall have plenary powers to adopt all such ordinances, by-laws, and regulations, not in conflict with the law, as they may deem necessary to secure the successful op- eration of the college and promote the designed objects. The design of the institution is to afford thorough instruction in agriculture and the natural sci- ences connected therewith. To effect that object most completely, the institu- tion shall combine physical with intellectual education, and shall be a high seminary of learning, in which the graduates of the common school of both sexes can commence, pursue, and finish a course of study, terminating in thorough theoretical and practical instruction in those sciences and arts which bear directly upon agriculture and kindred industrial pursuits."
On March 9, 1877, the first General Assembly also provided for the support of the college by a levy of one-tenth of a mill upon the assessed valuation of property in the state, thus giving to the college an income of about seven thousand dollars a year.
The first meeting of the board of agriculture was held in the office of Gov. John L. Routt, in Denver, on March 19, 1877. The members of the board were as follows: William Bean, M. N. Everett, Harris Stratton, John J. Ryan, B. S. La Grange, W. F. Watrous, P. M. Hinman, John Armor. W. F. Watrous was made president and Harris Stratton secretary of the board. The term of office of the members was determined by lot.
On February 3, 1879, the General Assembly made better provision for the support of the college by a levy of one-fifth of a mill in place of the levy of one- tenth of a mill made in 1877.
The college was opened for students on September 1, 1879, with Rev. E. E.
616
HISTORY OF COLORADO
Edwards, D. D., of McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, as president, as- sisted by A. E. Blount, A. M., as professor of agriculture, and Frank J. Annis, A. B., as professor of chemistry.
During the first term there were twenty students in attendance. There was but one course of study. The college year closed with the autumn term and the second year began with the spring term after a winter vacation. This plan was abandoned after a couple of years, and the long vacation thereafter extended from June to September. In addition to the work of instruction in agriculture, Professor Blount established a model farm and carried on experiments of con- siderable value. At the close of 1880, the value of the farm and buildings was estimated at over twenty thousand dollars. In 1881 a dormitory was erected at a cost of $6,000.
During the year 1880, forty-five students were reported in attendance, and in the following year the number had increased to sixty-two. It was found that many of those who applied for admission were poorly prepared, and an intro- ductory or preparatory year was introduced with a course of study equivalent to that of the eighth grade in the public schools. For those who had completed the work of this year a four years' course was offered.
On April 2, 1882, President Edwards resigned and was succeeded, on August I, by Clarence L. Ingersoll, M. S. At that time the faculty numbered seven in all.
In 1883 the Legislature made a special appropriation for a mechanical shop and a conservatory. In the same year the department of veterinary science and zoology was created.
On June 7, 1884, three students were graduated from the college. In April of this year the department of music was added, making seven depart- ments in all. Those of agriculture, horticulture and botany, chemistry and physics, mathematics and engineering, mechanics and drawing, veterinary sci- ence and zoology, and the department of music.
In 1887 the "Hatch experiment station bill" passed Congress, and in Febru- ary, 1888, an appropriation was made of $15,000 a year for the support of an experiment station in Colorado in connection with the State Agricultural Col- lege. The agricultural experiment station was forthwith organized, with auxiliary stations near Del Norte, Rocky Ford and Eastonville, and since that time it has regularly received the appropriation of $15,000 a year. This fund cannot be used for any purpose other than experimental investigation, but since the president and other members of the college faculty are also officers of the experiment sta- tion and receive salaries in connection therewith, the fund is of great benefit to the college.
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