USA > Colorado > History of Colorado; Volume I > Part 44
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The Colorado National remained in its first location until 1881. In that year a new building of four stories was erected on the northeast corner of Seven- teenth and Larimer streets and occupied by the bank until the present building was erected in 1915.
The presidents of the Colorado National Bank have been: Luther Kountze, Augustus Kountze, Charles B. Kountze, George B. Berger. The other officers are: Harold Kountze, Dennis Sheedy, vice presidents; Wm. B. Berger, cashier.
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The original capital stock of the Colorado National was $100,000, which now has reached the sum of $500,000.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL BANK
The United States National Bank of Denver was organized October 10, 1904. A few years later the institution took over the business of the National Bank of Commerce and Gordon Jones was chosen president. Upon the latter's death, April 14, 1917, W. A. Hover succeeded to the president's chair. The remaining officers at the present time are: Henry T. Rogers, A. C. Foster, James Ringold, Albert A. Reed, vice presidents; E. C. Ellett, cashier; R. F. Bates, assistant cashier. The capital stock is $400,000 and the surplus and undivided profits $600,000. The United States National Bank absorbed the National Bank of Commerce in September, 1908, and the Central National Bank in March, 1912.
DENVER NATIONAL BANK
The Denver National Bank of Denver was started December 8, 1884, in the Barclay building, on the northwest corner of Larimer and Eighteenth streets. The first capital stock was $500,000 and the first officers were: Joseph A. Thatcher, president ; James B. Grant, vice president; A. A. Denman, cashier ; James Duff, Edward Eddy, James B. Grant, W. S. Jackson, Otto Sauer, Joseph Standley, Dennis Sullivan, Joseph A. Thatcher and George W. Trimble, directors. The bank remained in the Barclay building until October, 1893, then moved to the Cooper building on the northeast corner of Seventeenth and Curtis streets. The capital stock of the Denver National has been increased to $1,000,000 since the organization.
OTHER BANKS
The present Central Savings Bank & Trust Company was started as the North Side Bank April II, 1892, with a capital of $25,000 and the following board of directors: John A. Clough, William Light, David Brothers, Henri R. Foster, Samuel E. Marshall, Henry H. Mills, William E. Wilson, Adelia E. Clough, Roland D. Smith, Willis M. Marshall and S. E. Howard. The bank was first established at the intersection of Dunkeld and Gallup avenues, with John A. Clough, president, and Willis M. Marshall, cashier. In 1894 the bank was removed to 1032 Fifteenth Street, and on January 15, 1896, took the name of the Central Savings Bank.
The National Bank of Commerce was the successor of a private banking firm. The firm of McIntosh & Mygatt, consisting of Charles L. McIntosh and William R. Mygatt, opened a bank on July 1, 1887, at 1615 Curtis Street, after- wards occupying the southeast corner of Sixteenth and Curtis streets. In the summer of 1890 the National Bank of Commerce was organized to succeed this business, with a capital stock of $500,000. The first directors were : L. Anfenger, P. L. Bockfenger, Charles Boettcher, Benn Brower, Job A. Cooper, Phillip Feldhouser, F. C. Goudy, J. W. Graham, W. L. Graham, L. L. Higgins, Frank B. Hill, J. F. Hopkins, Charles L. McIntosh, William R. Mygatt and D. D. Vol. 1-26
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Streeter. Business was started July 16, 1890, in the Ernest & Cranmer building, southwest corner of Seventeenth and Curtis streets. This bank was merged with the United States National in September, 1908.
The Denver Savings Bank was organized January 2, 1890, by the following directors : Dr. F. J. Bancroft, Isaac E. Blake, A. W. Chamberlin, H. B. Cham- berlin, D. H. Ferguson, J. A. Ferguson, Joseph W. Gilluly, S. H. Hastings, C. Y. McClure, John L. McNeil, I. B. Porter, Charles H. Smith, and S. N. Wood. The bank opened February 9, 1890, at 1227 Sixteenth Street, later occupying quarters of the Union National at Sixteenth and Larimer streets. In the 1900s this bank went into the hands of a receiver.
The Western Bank was incorporated November 13, 1891, by Frederick C. Kilham, John L. McNeil, Robert D. Thompson, Charles Hallack, Edward L. Raymond, E. S. Kassler, William R. Thompson, and W. A. Hover. The bank started activities shortly thereafter at 1640 Arapahoe Street, but in 1895 was removed to the northwest corner of Seventeenth and Arapahoe streets. This bank failed many years ago.
The Citizens Trust and Savings Bank succeeded the Citizens Savings Bank which was organized in May, 1892. The first bank failed to weather the 1893 storm satisfactorily and in 1895 became known as the Citizens Savings and Com- mercial Bank. In 1897 the bank was given the title of the Citizens Trust and Sav- ings Bank, located at 721 Sixteenth Street.
The Union Stockyards Bank was incorporated October 27, 1898, by Samuel G. Gill, William J. Fine and Frank C. Goudy. David H. Moffat was the first president.
The International Trust Company, at present one of Denver's important financial institutions, was started in 1885. This company is the successor of two similar institutions-the Security Safety Deposit and Trust Company, organized in 1885, and the National Trust Company, organized in 1891. The incorporators of the first were: David H. Moffat, Henry R. Wolcott and S. N. Wood; of the second, David H. Moffat, Henry W. Hobson, Moses Hallett, Walter S. Chees- man and thirty-four others. On January 29, 1892, the name of the National Trust Company was changed to the International Trust Company and in 1897 the business of the Security was merged with it.
The Union Deposit & Trust Company of Denver started in 1874 as the Denver Safe Deposit & Savings Bank, which was changed in August, 1882, to the Union Bank of Denver. Late in 1886 the property was sold to J. V. Dexter who organized the Union Safe Deposit & Trust Company with a capital of $50,000.
BANKING FRAUDS IN DENVER
At various times in the history of Denver unscrupulous men have endeavored to promote fraudulent banking schemes in the city, but have nearly always been discovered before they had reached the pinnacle of their ill-directed success.
One of the first of these arrived in 1871. His name was Abel Endelman, but he assumed the name of Benjamin Erlanger while here. He started in business on Larimer Street, combining banking with a pawnshop trade and call- ing his place the "Denver Savings Bank." He opened a "branch" at Blackhawk
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soon after. A fairly large sum in small deposits was placed in his hands and all seemed to go well until November 3, 1873. Then Endelman disappeared; taking all the money with him. Nothing more was heard of him, except one instance when he was recognized in San Francisco.
Perhaps the cleverest bank criminal ever in Denver was Walter A. Stuart, one of the directors of the German Bank which was organized in 1874. Stuart, whose true name was Walter C. Sheridan, appeared in Denver in 1873, accom- panied by his wife and boy, supposedly. Here they quickly made friends, moved in the best society, took prominent part in church affairs, purchased property on Grant Avenue, near Sixteenth Street, and in every way made themselves popular. Stuart obtained recognition from the business men through references he held, which were afterward found to be forgeries. His part was skillfully played during the first phase of his operations in Denver.
A few months afterward the German Bank was organized and Stuart pur- chased several thousand dollars worth of stock. As his interest in the new bank gave him influence, he was chosen as one of the directors. In this manner he proceeded until the fall of 1875, when he became acquainted with T. W. Herr, principal owner of the Pocahontas silver mine at Rosita, Custer County. Stuart recognized Herr as easy prey, consequently interested the mine owner in the establishment of a bank at Rosita. With this in view, Stuart withdrew his money from the German Bank and accompanied Herr to Rosita, there meeting James R. Boyd, a confederate, posing as a wealthy investor. Stuart and Boyd opened up a bank in Rosita, Herr's influence serving them well in obtaining de- posits from the miners.
It was not long until Stuart and Boyd had obtained virtual possession of the Herr mine and were engaged in selling the ore as rapidly as possible. Herr realized how he had been hoodwinked and began action against the pair of conspirators and finally had them cornered. Their mining activities ended in a riot, during which one man was killed and several injured. Shortly after, Stuart and Boyd decamped without paying the miners or Herr and with every dollar deposited in the Rosita Bank. Then it was that Stuart's identity became established. His career had been one of criminal activities and before coming to Denver he had served two terms in prison. After leaving Rosita Stuart went to New York City, where he was recognized, arrested and sent to Sing Sing Penitentiary for ten years on an old charge. His sentence expired and on De- cember 13, 1888, in partnership with another of like character, he returned to Denver. Here he and his partner, Hovan, attempted a common robbery of the Peoples Savings Bank on Arapahoe Street. Stuart stood guard while Hovan entered the bank vault. The latter was captured while inside of the bank and Stuart escaped, never to be seen again in the city. Stuart continued his opera- tions in various parts of the country, finally dying in jail at Montreal, Canada, in January, 1890.
The efforts of the Vanwoerts, James and Ellen, to establish the "Commercial Bank of Denver" in 1881 ranks as another of the fraudulent banking enterprises of the city. The Vanwoerts filed a certificate of incorporation on February 21st. naming as incorporators James L. Vanwoert, Pliny S. Rice, Horace W. Cotton. P. T. Smith and Ellen Vanwoert, claiming $100,000 capital. James Vanwoert was designated as president and his wife, Ellen, as cashier. Quarters were leased
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at the corner of Sixteenth and Curtis and the bank was advertised to open on April Ist, but for some reason, alleged to be the non-arrival of fixtures and safe, the institution did not open its doors at the time mentioned. The press of Denver became suspicious of the Vanwoerts and conducted an investigation, with the result that Vanwoert was discovered to be a former convict, forger and general confidence man. He had committed several "jobs" in the East similar to the one he was attempting in Denver. The Vanwoerts, of course, lost no time in shaking the dust of Denver from their shoes, while Cotton, Smith and Rice were Denver men and were proved to be simply dupes of the clever Vanwoerts.
DENVER CLEARING HOUSE
The Denver Clearing House Association was organized in the autumn of 1885. Gen. R. W. Woodbury, then president of the Denver Chamber of Com- merce, took the first step toward the forming of this association by requesting each of the national banks in the city to appoint delegates to confer with himn on October 25th. This meeting was held. the following representatives attend- ing: John R. Hanna, City National; William B. Berger, Colorado National; J. A. Thatcher and A. A. Denman, Denver National; David H. Moffat and S. N. Wood, First National; George Tritch, German National; E. P. Wright, State National; and William D. Todd, Union Bank. Mr. Woodbury explained the benefits of a clearing house and strongly urged the organization of such an asso- ciation. J. A. Thatcher was chosen chairman of the meeting and A. A. Denman, secretary. A committee, consisting of S. N. Wood, William B. Berger and Wil- liam D. Todd, was appointed to draft rules and by-laws and to arrange the organi- zation. The committee having done its duty, another meeting was held and the organization effected. The clearing house began active duty on November 16, 1885.
FIRST BANKING IN OTHER COMMUNITIES
Hiller, Hallock & Company were the first bankers in Buena Vista. The Bank of Buena Vista was incorporated December 1, 1890, but had been conducted pre- viously as a private bank by R. W. Hockaday and C. L. Graves, who sold to George C. Wallace and A. C. Wallace in December, 1890.
At Salida the Chaffee County Bank was established in 1880 by W. E. Robert- son and Robert A. Bain. The First National Bank of Salida was founded Janu- ary 2, 1890, with L. W. Craig, president ; E. B. Jones, vice president ; and F. O. Stead, cashier. The Continental Divide Bank was opened in 1885 by L. W. and D. H. Craig, who closed out the business on December 31, 1889.
The First National Bank at Alamosa was established February 1, 1884, as the successor of the Bank of San Juan. The Bank of Alamosa, first opened by the Schiffer Brothers at Del Norte, as the Rio Grande County Bank, was re- moved to Alamosa July 18, 1890.
At Silver Cliff, Stebbins, Post & Company started a bank in February, 1880. The Custer County Bank was opened for business here in November, 1878, with F. A. Raynolds and F. W. Dewalt, proprietors, and Fred S. Hartzell, cashier. This later became the Merchants and Miners Bank.
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The Delta County Bank was established at Delta by H. A. Bailey and T. B. Crawford. This bank was incorporated in July, 1889. R. Bigelow & Sons also transacted a general banking business in Delta in the early days.
The first bank in Glenwood Springs was started in 1885 by Geo. Arthur Rice & Company and was conducted as a private bank with a capital stock of $10,000. On December 1, 1887, a consolidation with the Glenwood National Bank was ef- fected. The First National Bank of Glenwood Springs began in the spring of 1887, with W. B. Devereaux as president and J. H. Fesler, cashier ; capital stock, $100,000. The Glenwood National Bank was opened June 1, 1887, with John L. McNeil, president, and C. N. Greig, cashier. In the summer of 1891 the latter bank was consolidated with the First National.
The first bank in Gunnison County was started by Edwin Hiller at Hillerton. The next was the Bank of Gunnison, which was organized by Sam G. Gill, H. A. W. Tabor, Col. E. P. Jacobson, Mrs. Augusta Tabor and several others in March, 1880. This was the first incorporated bank in Colorado west of the Continental Divide. The safe, which contained $25,000 in cash, was hauled by wagon from Saguache, accompanied by Mr. Gill, who acted as cook and general hired man. The Bank of Gunnison was changed to the Iron National in July, 1883, and in 1884 went into voluntary liquidation. The second bank in the county, exclusive of a private institution in Pitkin, was the Miners Exchange, started in July, 1881, with the following officers: Lewis Cheney, president; M. Coppinger, cashier ; and C. E. McConnell, assistant cashier. In May, 1882, this bank became the First National Bank, retaining the same officers. The Pitkin Bank, located at Pitkin, was organized in 1881. Banks were also established in the early '8os at Irwin, Tin Cup and Tomichi.
The Bank of Durango was established by John L. McNeil, as a branch bank of Daniels, Brown & Company of Alamosa in 1881. In 1885 the charter of the First National was purchased and the two merged under the latter name. The Colorado State Bank at Durango was organized December 29, 1886, by Frederick L. Kimball, Benjamin N. Freeman, Thomas F. Burgess, William E. Morgan and James H. Hoskins. F. L. Kimball was the first president and the first capital stock was $30,000.
The Trinidad National Bank was organized in 1874 as the Bank of Southern Colorado, and in 1886 was nationalized. The First National Bank at Trinidad was established in 1875, with a capital of $100,000. The American Savings Bank was incorporated February I, 1889.
The Bank of Grand Junction, started by S. G. Crandall in 1882, was the first in Mesa County. The Mesa County Bank was founded in 1883 by W. T. Carpenter. It later became a state bank. The First National Bank at Grand Junction was organized March 15, 1888, by William Gelder, A. A. Miller, John O. Boyle, T. J. Blue, David Roberts, George Arthur Rice, T. M. Jones and J. F: McFarland, succeeding the firm of George Arthur Rice & Company, who in turn had succeeded the Commercial Bank, founded in 1886 by J. F. McFarland.
The Bank of Montrose began business August 1, 1882, and was operated by C. E. McConnell & Company, the institution later becoming the Uncompahgre Valley Bank. The First National Bank of Montrose was started as the Mont- rose County Bank in 1888 and in April, 1889, was made a national bank.
The Morgan County Bank at Fort Morgan was incorporated and opened
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for business in November, 1889, and became a state bank in May, 1890, with the following officers : L. M. More, president ; A. C. Fisk, vice president ; and Burton Preston, cashier. The Bank of Fort Morgan, the pioneer institution, sus- pended business in 1890. The State Bank was started September 4, 1890, with Arthur Hotchkiss as president.
The Bank of Ouray was established by J. Fogg in 1877, but soon afterward went into voluntary liquidation. The Miners and Merchants Bank of Ouray was founded in 1878 by M. D. and John A. Thatcher of Pueblo, with A. G. Siddons as cashier. The First National Bank of Ouray was opened September 5, 1889, with George Arthur Rice, president; L. L. Bailey, cashier.
The San Luis Valley Bank at Del Norte was opened by E. T. Elliott, H. B. Adsit and John G. Taylor in March, 1874. Shortly after the bank entered vol- untary liquidation. The Bank of Del Norte was founded by Asa F. Middaugh in 1881. The First National Bank at Del Norte was opened May 6, 1890, with the following officers: W. H. Cochran, president; R. H. Sayre, vice president ; and Charles W. Thomas, cashier. The Bank of San Juan was established at Del Norte in 1876 by Daniels, Brown & Company of Denver, with John L. Mc- Neil as manager and cashier. This bank was afterward established at Alamosa.
The Bank of Monte Vista was started by R. B. and John Wallace under the firm name of Wallace Brothers. The State Bank of the same place was started as the Bank of Commerce by A. M. Isbell and E. M. Perdew.
The Bank of Telluride was founded May 14, 1889, capitalized for $50,000, with the following officers : J. H. Ernest Waters, president ; W. H. Gabbert, vice president ; W. E. Wheeler, cashier, and J. L. Brown, assistant cashier. The First National Bank was started in Telluride September 19, .1890, with officers as fol- lows : William Story, president ; L. L. Nunn, vice president ; T. A. Davis, cashier ; and William Bird, assistant cashier.
At Julesburg the Citizens Bank, private, was started in March, 1886, by H. L. McWilliams and Frank McWilliams. The Bank of Denver Junction was organized in 1885 by the Liddle Brothers; this was the first bank in the com- munity. When the name was changed from Denver Junction to Julesburg, the institution became known as the Julesburg Bank, and still later the State Bank of Julesburg.
The first bank in the City of Greeley was established by the H. T. West & Company on May 14, 1870. The Union Bank was organized in 1887 by J. L. Brush, Bruce F. Johnson; J. C. Scott, W. F. Thompson, Daniel Hawks and others. Mr. Johnson was the first president. The First National Bank at Greeley began business June 23, 1884, with J. M. Wallace, president; D. B. Wyatt, vice president ; B. D. Harper, cashier ; and A. J. Park, assistant. The Weld County Savings Bank was organized November 20, 1889, by J. M. Wallace, president; D. H. Gale, vice president ; A. J. Park, treasurer; and J. B. Phillips, cashier.
In May, 1871, George C. Cornung established the Bank of Boulder, the first financial institution in the community. In 1877, however, through mismanage- ment, the bank went into liquidation. The National State Bank was founded April 20, 1874, by Charles G. and W. A. Buckingham and was conducted as a private bank until May, 1877, then was nationalized with a paid-up capital stock of $50,000. The First National Bank at Boulder opened for business May 10, 1877, with the following officers : Lewis Cheney, president; I. M. Smith, cashier.
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The Boulder National Bank opened October 1, 1884, capitalized at $50,000, and officered by H. N. Bradley, president ; Dr. I. L. Bond, vice president ; and Charles L. Spencer, cashier.
At Longmont the first bank was started by C. Emerson and W. A. Bucking- ham in April, 1871. In 1880 F. H. and C. H. Stickney organized a private bank. Afterward F. H. purchased his partner's interest and organized the Bank of Longmont, with W. H. Dickens, Rienzi Streeter, John Kitely and S. H. Dob- bins as associates. The First National Bank at Longmont was chartered June 17th and opened for business September 1, 1885.
The pioneer banking institution in Georgetown was that of George T. Clark & Company, in the first years of Georgetown's prominence as a mining center. The business was transferred to J. B. Chaffee & Company and then to W. H. Cushman, et al., who established the First National, which failed in 1876. The Merchants National Bank followed, was changed to a private bank, then closed out business. The Bank of Clear Creek County was started in 1876 by Charles R. Fish & Company. The Bank of Georgetown was founded in 1882 by Henry Seifried, J. F. Tucker, Col. C. P. Baldwin and others.
In 1872 a bank was established at Colorado Springs by W. H. Young. Through the insolvency of a New York firm, Young failed and in 1873 was bought out by William S. Jackson, C. H. White and J. S. Wolfe, who founded the El Paso Bank. W. H. Young, in the meantime, became more successful finan- cially and, in association with Eastern capital, organized the First National Bank of Colorado Springs. A short time after, this institution was reorganized by B. F. Crowell, G. H. Stewart, F. L. Martin and others. In 1876 J. H. B. McFerran organized the Peoples Bank, but closed out after eleven years' activi- ties. The Exchange National Bank in Colorado Springs was established in 1888 with the following directors : F. E. Dow, George De La Vergne, D. M. Holden, George H. Case, D. B. Fairley, W. S. Nichols, J. A. Himebaugh, K. H. Field, D. H. Heron, John J. LaMar and A. L. Lawton.
The first banking house in Leadville was the Lake County Bank, established in April, 1878, by Zollars, Eshelman & Company, who continued the business until April 1. 1879, then organized the First National Bank. On January 22, 1884, the First National closed its doors, heavily in debt. F. W. De Walt was the principal stockholder at the time and he immediately fled the country. How- ever, he was soon captured, tried in the United States Court at Denver, and sen- tenced to a term of seven years in the penitentiary. After serving five years of this sentence he was liberated through a technicality. Under the administration of a receiver, J. Samuel Brown, the bank paid about 40 per cent of its liabilities.
In April, 1878, Trimble & Hunter established the Miners Exchange Bank at Leadville. In October, 1881, the firm mentioned retired and the business was merged with the Bank of Leadville, which institution had been started in October, 1878, by H. A. W. Tabor, president; August Rische, vice president ; and George R. Fisher, cashier. This bank also came to a disastrous end July 25. 1883, in debt nearly $450,000. The Merchants & Mechanics Bank, a private institution, began in the summer of 1879, with L. M. and L. J. Smith, proprietors. This bank failed in January, 1884, with a total loss to the depositors of $300,000. The City Bank of Leadville started in June, 1880, but soon closed its business
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honorably. The Bank of Colorado was another short-lived institution at Lead- ville.
The Carbonate Bank at Leadville was opened as a state bank September 3, 1883, with a capital of $50,000. This bank became a national institution in July, 1887. The American National Bank opened for business January 7, 1889, with a capital stock of $100,000, paid up.
One of the earliest banks of Pueblo was the Peoples Bank, established in April, 1873. The capital stock was $100,000 and the first officers were: E. W. Bailey, president; J. L. Lowther, cashier.
The First National Bank of Pueblo was organized first in 1871 with the fol- lowing officers: M. D. Thatcher, president; John A. Thatcher, vice president ; and Robert F. Lytle, cashier. The Stockgrowers National Bank was established privately in 1873 by Goodnight, Cresswell & Company, Colorado stockmen. In the year following, the firm of Raynolds, Lamborn & Company became the owner. In 1876 the institution was incorporated as a national bank and C. B. Lamborn became the first president. The Western National Bank at Pueblo was incorpo- rated in August, 1881, and was first officered by W. L. Graham, president, and C. B. McVay, cashier. The Central National Bank was originally started as the South Pueblo National Bank in August, 1881, by the following directors: H. L. Holden, president; D. L. Holden, cashier ; James N. Carlisle, Marcellus Sheldon, James B. Orman, William Moore, Garrett Lankford and William W. Taylor. When South Pueblo became a part of Pueblo, the name of the bank was changed. The Pueblo Savings Bank was incorporated in 1889 and opened for business January 1, 1890. The American National Bank also came into existence in 1889.
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