USA > Illinois > Illinois, historical and statistical, comprising the essential facts of its planting and growth as a province, county, territory, and state, Vol. II > Part 30
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Poor Scroggs, who was in bad health at the time, returned to his native land, and died at home, October 15, 1880.
862
ILLINOIS-HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
est man for president. Upon this subject, the party was about equally divided between the supporters of General Grant and those of James G. Blaine. The strife for ascendency between warring factions in the various states was fierce and exciting, especially in Illinois, where the great chieftain had his nominal home, but where the statesman from Maine had a following as strong as it was enthusiastic.
When the republican state-convention met at Springfield, May 19, 1880, the political caldron was at white heat. General Logan, ably seconded by Emory A. Storrs, was the champion of "the silent soldier," while the opposing forces were led with equal ability and tenacity by Gen. Hurlbut, Kirk Hawes, Sena- tor George Hunt, Dr. J. W. Robbins, and others. Gen. Green B. Raum, ex-congressman from the 17th district, and then com- missioner of internal revenue, was the temporary as well as the permanent president, and although it was understood that he was a "third termer," he discharged the arduous duties of his position with remarkable promptness, courtesy, and impartiality.
The fight began over the contesting delegates from the Ist, 3d, and 4th senatorial districts of Cook County. The Grant delegates were admitted by a vote of 341 to 261. The second day was consumed in debating the question of the appointment of delegates to the national convention. The invariable custom had been in former conventions for the delegates from the sev- eral congressional districts to assemble in separate conventions and nominate members of the various committees, electors, and delegates to national conventions from their respective districts. It was now proposed that a committee to select delegates should be appointed by the president. The debate which followed lasted all day and nearly all night. Gen. Logan arose to address the convention at 9 o'clock p. m. The hall of the house of representatives was packed to its utmost capacity and the galleries filled with ladies many of whom were interested spec- tators. The night was warm; the general stood upon a chair, took off his coat, and began his speech. He continued amid great excitement, interruptions, applause, and hisses. But he kept his temper and gained the attention of his vast audience. The debate was continued by Charles Thomas, Kirk Hawes, and J. M. Beardsley, against the proposed change; and A. W.
863
REPUBLICAN STATE CONVENTION OF 1880.
Metcalf, Richard Rowett, and Isaac Clements in favor of. The vote was not reached until 2 o'clock in the morning. It was in favor of the Grant men by 389 to 304. The vote, instructing for Gen. Grant, stood 399 to 285 .*
The nominations for state-officers were not made until the third day. The candidates for governor were, Shelby M. Cullom, for a second term, General John I. Rinaker, General John B. Hawley, Colonel Greenbury L. Fort, Colonel Thomas S. Ridg- way, Colonel Clark E. Carr, and General John C. Smith; and, with exception of the first - named, as was shown by the first ballot, the preferences of the delegates were about equally distributed among them. It was as follows: Cullom 21912, Rinaker 10812, Hawley 96, Fort 87, Ridgway 76, Carr 55, Smith 51. The second ballot showed a gain for Cullom of 15 votes, Rinaker 13, Hawley 2, Carr I, and small losses for the others. It was far from indicating any decided change of opin- ion and so far "it was any body's race." The third ballot still left the result an open question-the delegates were evidently slow in coming to a conclusion; it was as follows: Cullom 241, Rinaker 150, Hawley 104, Fort 82, Carr 55, Ridgway 45, Smith 24. It was one of those critical periods which sometimes occur in the proceedings of deliberative bodies, when a trifling incident might precipitate the result. The calling of the roll for the fourth time began amid breathless excitement; as it proceeded both Cullom and Rinaker showed gains, and it was evident that
* The delegates appointed were as follows: from the state at-large, J. A. Logan, Emory A. Storrs, G. B. Raum, D. T. Littler. By the committee of the convention, Ist district, John Wentworth, Stephen A. Douglas; 2nd, A. M. Wright, Richard S. Tuthill; 3d, John L. Beveridge, L. J. Kadish; 4th, N. C. Thompson, N. N. Ravlin; 5th, J. B. Brown, Miles White; 6th, Henry T. Noble, W. H. Shepard; 7th, E. F. Bull, E. W. Willard; 8th, J. B. Wilson, R. J. Hanna; 9th, Joel Mer- shon, William Jackson; 10th, Hosea Davis, F. P. Burgett; 11th, O. B. Hamilton, M. D. Massie; 12th, George M. Brinkerhoff, C. M. Eames; 13th, John McNulta, V. Warren; 14th, James Heyworth, J. B. Harris; 15th, W. H. Barlow, A. P. Greene; 16th, J. M. Truitt, Lewis Krughoff; 17th, A. W. Metcalf, Richard Rowett; 18th, C. O. Patier, J. M. Davis; 19th, C. W. Pavey, W. H. Williams.
The contesting delegates appointed by the districts, ignored by the convention, were: Ist, W. J. Campbell, Elbridge G. Keith; 3d, Elliott Anthony, Washington Hessing; 4th, C. W. Marsh, Lot B. Smith; 5th, Robert E. Logan, W. H. Hol- combe; 6th, James K. Edsall, John P. Hand; 9th, John A. Gray, W. S. Gale; Ioth, Henry Tubbs, John Fletcher; 13th, E. D. Blinn, F. B. Low; 17th, William C. Kueffner, Emil Guelich.
864
ILLINOIS-HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
the contest was narrowed down between those two. At its close, before the result was announced, Pulaski County, which had voted for Cullom, changed to Rinaker, but before that well- planned arrangement was followed up by other similar coups as was expected, changes of a still more important bearing were announced against the general. Jo Davies withdrew Smith and cast its vote for Cullom, followed by Stephenson. Before the Rinaker men were able to make themselves heard, Cullom came within forty votes of being nominated. But then Boone and Lake went to Rinaker, and each side having exhausted their strength with an undetermined result, there followed another pause during which the fate of Rinaker was decided. Kanka- kee and Grundy, followed by Marion and the fifth senatorial district of Cook County, announced their vote for Cullom. Adams changed to Rinaker, but it was too late, Cullom had by this time received 376 votes and was nominated. Gen. Rinaker made an unexpectedly gallant fight, having received forty votes more than had been conceded to him; but, with an experience in public life and with public men which his opponent lacked, with a trained body of experienced workers behind him to marshal his forces, and with the aid of the state patronage, the advan- tages on the side of the governor, notwithstanding he was ask- ing the unusual preferment of a second consecutive term, were too great to be overcome.
John M. Hamilton of McLean County, was nominated for lieutenant-governor on the first ballot.
The principal candidates for secretary of state were Geo. H. Harlow for a third term, Senator Henry D. Dement, and Gen. Jasper N. Reece. The contest was very close and animated, the first ballot being, Reese 244, Dement 211, Harlow 148, scattering 90; but Dement was nominated on the second ballot.
For auditor, Thomas B. Needles, the then incumbent, whose administration of the office had been eminently satisfactory, had no opponent up to the meeting of the convention and it was not supposed that he could be beaten. But the name of Charles B. Swigert, "a one-armed soldier" from Kankakee, was presented, and although at one time Needles had undoubt- edly received enough votes to nominate him, before it could be announced changes continued to be made until the final vote was announced as 377 for Swigert and 316 for Needles.
865
REPUBLICAN NOMINATIONS.
What, more than anything else, contributed to this result, was the fact that "Long" John Wentworth, not too old to forget how easily a great convention can be manipulated and impressed by the production of startling effects, when the fatal changing began against Needles, grasped Swigert, a small man, by the waist and holding him up in his large arms, and dangling before the delegates his empty sleeve, exclaimed "Boys! give the one- armed soldier a chance!"
Edward Rutz, a former incumbent, after a close contest was nominated for state treasurer over Major R. W. McClaughry.
There was also an exciting contest for attorney - general between James McCartney of Wayne County, and Col. Asa C. Matthews of Pike which resulted in the success of the former.
The democratic state-convention was held at Springfield, June 10. S. S. Marshall presided. Judge Trumbull was nomi- nated for governor by acclamation; Lewis B. Parsons for lieu- tenant-governor; John H. Oberly for secretary of state; Louis C. Starkel for auditor; Thomas Butterworth for treasurer; and Lawrence Harmon for attorney-general .*
The platform adopted was: no tariff for protection; for reform in the civil service; for a constitutional currency of gold and silver, and of paper convertible into coin; no more "8 to 7 frauds;" protection of laborers in the prompt and certain col- lection of their wages.
The nominations of the greenback-reform party were: for governor, Alson J. Streeter; lieutenant-governor, A. M. Adair; secretary of state, J. M. Thompson; auditor, W. T. Ingram; treasurer, J. W. Evans; attorney-general, H. G. Whitlock.
The republican national convention met at Chicago, June 2, 1880. The scenes of heated contention which had charac- terized the state convention were here repeated with fourfold
* The delegates to the national convention were: at large, Melville W. Fuller, John A. McClernand, S. S. Marshall, and W. T. Dowdall. From the districts in their order, two from each: John R. Hoxie. Henry F. Sheridan; Perry H. Smith, F. L. Chase; A. M. Herrington, J. F. Glidden; J. W. Potter, J. M. Stowell; Chas. Dunham, D. R. Buford; William Reddick, Andrew Welsh; G. C. Herrington, D. Huling; Lyle James, L. W. Ross; J. M. Stewart, A. Montgomery; W. E. Carlan, Scott Wike; H. M. Vandeveer, H. II. Barnes; Benjamin Howard, Luther Dear- born; W. A. Day, J. W. Craig; W. M. Garrard, S. S. Whitehead; Jacob Fouke, W. S. Forman; George Boyle, Seymour Wilcox; W. H. Green, W. K. Murphy; J. M. Crebs, G. B. Hobbins.
866
ILLINOIS -- HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
intensity before a national audience of 15,000 listeners. After an exhaustive discussion of the points involved, lasting two days, the convention decided in favor of admitting the contest- ing delegates from Illinois by the close vote of 385 to 353. The platform was adopted on Saturday, the fourth day of the con- vention, and the candidates placed in nomination. The ballot- ing began on Monday which continued with very little variation in the result all that day until 10 o'clock, p. m., which closed with the 28th ballot: Grant's vote was 306; Blaine's 284; the balance scattering. On the 34th ballot, Gen. James A. Garfield received 17 votes-one delegate from Pennsylvania having con- tinued to vote for him since the 19th. On the next ballot, he received 50 votes and was nominated on the 36th, the Blaine strength going to him, Gen. Grant's vote remaining 306. Gar- field occupied his seat as delegate from Ohio during the ballot- ing. Chester A. Arthur of New York, was nominated for vice-president on the first ballot.
The national greenback party met at Chicago, June 9. James B. Weaver of Iowa, was nominated for president, and E. J. Chambers of Texas, for vice-president. Among other declara- tions of principles adopted were the following: all money, metallic or paper, should be issued and its volume controlled by the government; the bonds should be paid as soon as possible according to contract; to enable the government to meet their obligations, legal-tender currency should be substi- tuted for the notes of national banks, and the latter abolished, and unlimited coinage of gold and silver; the duty of congress to regulate inter-state commerce-in all 14 planks.
The national democratic convention met at Cincinnati, June 22. The name of Samuel J. Tilden of New York, having been withdrawn, the principal candidates for president were Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania, and James A. Bay- ard of Delaware-Illinois voting for Col. William R. Morrison. The former carried off the prize on the second ballot. Wm. H. English of Indiana, was nominated for vice-president.
The platform covered the following points: opposition to centralization and to sumptuary laws; favoring home-rule, hon- est money consisting of gold and silver and paper convertible into coin on demand; against the great fraud of 1877; for free
867
ELECTION RESULTS IN 1880.
ships and a living chance for American commerce; no discrimi- nation in favor of transportation lines, corporations, or monopo- lies.
The campaign of 1880 was full of life and "large endeavors." It was the eloquent and able statesman and soldier Garfield against a distinguished son of Pennsylvania and one of the bravest and most successful generals of the regular army. The pivotal point then, as it has been since, was New York which was carried for the republicans by a plurality of over 20,000.
The result in Illinois was as follows: Garfield electors 317,- 879, Hancock 277,314, Weaver 26,191, scattering 493. For governor, Cullom 314,565, Trumbull 277,532, Streeter 28,898, scattering 1075; for secretary of state, Dement 317,421, Oberly 277,122, Thompson 26,687. The other state-officers received about the same aggregate vote.
CHAPTER XLV.
Progress-Gov. Cullom's Second Administration-Thirty - second General Assembly-Laws-Politics in 1882- Thirty - third General Assembly- Election of Cullom to the Senate.
TN 1880, Illinois had fairly assumed the position of an old state, whose land had all been taken up, and whose popula- tion no longer increased at the rapid rate incident to a new commonwealth. The percentage of increase throughout the entire country was 30.08 per cent; while in Illinois, it was only 21.18, about the same as in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, though exceeding that of New York and Ohio. A greater pro- portionate growth had, indeed, been shown by the returns from several southern states, notably Texas, Arkansas, and even South Carolina, which exhibited an increase somewhat in excess of the average. Illinois, however, had contributed a by-no- means insignificant quota of her hardy sons and daughters to swell the growth of more recently-settled communities. She had helped to raise the percentage of the increase of popula- tion of Kansas to the phenomenal figure of 173.35, and of Nebraska to 267.82, and besides had aided in the wonderful augmentation of that of the western territories. Illinois, never- theless, maintained her position as the fourth State in the Union, and' gained an additional representative in congress.
But while she had fallen behind in the relative percentage of increase of population, she had exhibited an amazing growth in the development of her material resources-in agricultural improvement, in manufactures, in the accumulation of wealth; and in her moral and educational facilities. Of her 35,840,000 acres of land, over 15,000,000 acres were by this time planted in corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, flax, and hay, and 500,000 in other crops; 4,500,000 acres were in pastures, 5,500,000 in wood- lands and uncultivated, and 300,000 in city and village lots .*
* Agricultural report, 1881, leaving in round numbers over 9,000,000 acres un- accounted for.
868
869
ILLINOIS' PROGRESS, 1870 TO 1880.
The yield of the principal cereal crops of the State for the years 1860, 1870, and 1880, as computed in the census returns, which very nearly agrees with our State agricultural reports, is shown in the following table:
1860
1870
1880
Corn,
bushels, 115,174,777
129,921,395
325,792,48I
Oats,
11
15,220,629
42,780,85 I
63,189,200
Wheat,
= 23,837,023
30,128,405
51, 1 10,502
Barley,
1,036,338
2,480,400
1,229,523
Rye,
951,28I
2,456,578
3,121,785
Buckwheat, It
324,117
168,862
178,859
As may be seen from an examination of these figures, while there was an increase between 1860 and 1870 of 33 per cent, the succeeding decade showed the remarkable expansion of 114 per cent. In the yield of the four principal cereals, corn, wheat, rye, and oats, Illinois led all the other American states .*
The money value of the farm-and-orchard products of Illinois -as estimated by the department of agriculture at Washington and of the State board of agriculture for this year, 1880- assumes the following magnificent proportions, exceeding five times the gold-and-silver product of all the mines of the entire country :*
ARTICLES AMOUNT
ARTICLES
AMOUNT
ARTICLES
AMOUNT
Corn, $86,563,043
Buckwheat, $213,069
Pastures,
$14,491,114
Wheat, 57,910,819
Potatoes, 6,156,562
Dairy prod't, 27,000,000
Rye, 2,226,398
Sorghum, 676,630
Poultry, eggs, 6,000,000
Oats, 18,254,488
Hay,
22,589,69 1
Live stock, 50,182,654
Barley, 776,597
Orchards,
8,176,480
Total, $301,217,545
The Prairie State also outranked all her sisters in the number of its horses, which was 1,078,000, a gain of 22 per cent; and stood next to Missouri and Texas in the number of mules, 133,- 900, an increase of 44 per cent. It had 695,400 milch-cows, and was the fourth state in the number of its oxen and cattle, 1,235,300, a decennial gain of 26 per cent.+
Immense, however, as was the growth of the agricultural
* "The West," by Robert P. Porter. Census Returns.
+ Her hogs numbered 3,202,600; the number of sheep had decreased .- Robt. P. Porter's "The West," 174.
870
ILLINOIS-HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
interests of the State, it was exceeded by that of manufactures. Let the subjoined table tell tersely the wonderful story :*
YEAR
ESTABLISH-
MENTS
CAPITAL
EMPLOYÉS
WAGES
MATERIALS
PRODUCT
1850
3,162
$6,217,765
11,599
$3,204,336
$8,559,327
$16,534,272
1860
4,268
27,548,663
22,968
7,637,921
35,558,782
57,580,886
1870
12,597
94,368,057
82,979
31, 100,244
127,600,077
205, 620, 672
1880
13,347
117,273,585
135,419
53,693,461
234,778,273
346,454,393
Illinois led all the other states in the manufacture of agricult- ural implements, in flour-milling, in distilling, and in slaughter- ing and packing meat; other great industries were the manu- facture of iron, carriages and wagons, men's clothing, doors and planed lumber, furniture, boots and shoes, malt, and print- ing and publishing. In Chicago, where were situated the greater number of her plants, over 1 10,000 hands were employed.
Her miles of railroads, which had been 4633 in 1870, had been extended to 7955-exceeding the mileage of the six New England States by 1958, and surpassing that of New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania by nearly as much-but four counties in the State-Calhoun, Hardin, Massac, and Pope-remaining untouched by the iron-horse.
Corresponding with her growth, manufactures, and railroads, had been the development of her mines of coal, which had increased from 3,000,000 of tons in 1870, to 6,115,377 tons, a greater output than that of any other state except Pennsyl- vania.
The commerce of Illinois can be measured only by her enormous resources. The transactions of the Chicago clearing- house, for 1880, aggregated $1,725,684,898-much more than double those of 1870. But while the grain, live-stock, and other products handled in that great city assume such immense proportions, the cities of Peoria, Quincy, Springfield, Bloom- ington, and others show correspondingly rapid strides in both manufactures and commerce.
The assessed value of property, real and personal, in Illinois in 1880, was $786,616,394, being an increase over 1870 of over 70 per cent. This assessed value, however, represented only about one-fourth of its actual worth.
* As compiled in the "Second Report of Illinois Labor Statistics, " by Col. John S. Lord, secretary.
871
THIRTY-SECOND GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
As stated by Gov. Cullom in his message to the legislature, Jan. 7, 1881, "On the first Monday of the present month, the last dollar of the state debt was paid." There was yet and still is, however, outstanding an apparent indebtedness, purely nominal, of $1,165,407, which represents the amount of school- moneys formerly used by the State for revenue purposes. The faith of the State is pledged to forever pay six per cent on the above sum for the maintainance of public schools. There were also evidences of indebtedness, amounting to $23,600, which had been due for several years, but as they had not been pre- sented, the presumption was that they had been lost or de- stroyed .*
The period of resumption had indeed brought with it a pe- riod of great prosperity and growth, not only to the people of this State but to those of the entire Union. Business was now transacted upon the basis of a sound and uniform currency. The supply of money on hand, instead of being reduced, as had been feared, had been enormously increased by the addition of the bullion product of the country, and the enlargement of the circulation of the national banks.
The thirty-second general assembly convened Jan. 5, 1881. The new senators were: George E. Adams, William R. Archer (reelected), Andrew J. Bell, August W. Berggren, Horace S. Clark, Leander D. Condee, Frederick C. DeLang, to fill the unexpired term of W. T. Johnson, John C. Edwards, Joseph W. Fifer, John Fletcher, Louis Ihorn, George Kirk, William A. Lemma, Christopher Mamer, Thomas B. Needles-late state auditor, Henry H. Evans, Edward Laning, Isaac Rice, Conrad Secrest, Charles A. Walker who had formerly served in the house, Thomas M. Shaw, David H. Sunderland, John R. Tan- ner, George Torrance, William T. Vandeveer, and James S. Wright.
Only thirty-one of the members elected to the house had formerly served in either branch of the legislature, namely: William H. Allen, Charles Baldwin, Joseph N. Carter, John A Collier, Loren C. Collins, jr., Edward L. Cronkrite, Bradford K. Durfee, Alexander P. Dysart, John N. English, sr., James M. Gregg, James Herrington, John G. Holden, Thomas F. Mit-
* Governor's message, 1883.
872
ILLINOIS-HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.
chell, Anthony R. Mock, Wm. S. Morris, William K. Murphy, John L. Nichols, S. F. Otman, John M. Pearson, S. R. Powell, Austin O. Sexton, J. W. Simonson, Dewitt W. Smith, George G. Struckman, Horace H. Thomas, James T. Thornton, Joseph Veile, B. F. Weber, J. G. Wright, Omar H. Wright, and Francis M. Youngblood. The sharp, staccato voice of the veteran and sturdy member James Herrington was again heard, but the reader will look in vain for the names of Isaac L. Morrison, A. C. Matthews, Lucien B. Crooker, B. H. Truesdell, and C. F. Robison, "who made Rome howl" during the two previous sessions.
Among the new members whose names most frequently appear as having taken a leading part in the proceedings may be mentioned the following: Henry O. Billings of Madison County; Thomas E. Bundy of Douglas; George D. Chafee, Shelby; Oliver P. Chisholm, Kane; John R. Cook and Orrin S. Cook, Cook; Oliver Coultas, Morgan; Balfour Cowen, Macou- pin; A. N. J. Crook, Sangamon; MiloErwin, Williamson; James M. Garland, Sangamon; Albert G. Goodspeed, Livingston; Madison R. Harris, Cook; George W. Kroll, Cook; David T. Linegar, Alexander; Lewis Ludington, De Witt; Joseph B. Mann, Vermilion; Robert McWilliams, Montgomery; George B. Okeson, McLean; Jacob C. Olwin, Crawford; Patrick O' Mara, Rock Island; John L. Parish, Cook; Daniel D. Parry, Warren; Robert N. Pierson, Cook; John N. Perrin, St. Clair; Herbert D. Peters, Piatt; Alexander P. Petrie, Mercer; Ornan Pierson, Greene; James Pollock, Lake; Wm. A. Richardson, son of the ex-senator of that name, Adams; Jason Rogers, Macon; J. Henry Shaw, Cass; E. B. Shumway, Will; Charles T. Strattan, Jefferson; Edward B. Sumner, Winnebago; John L Underwood, Pike; John H. Welsh, Bureau: Randall H. White, Cook; Robert A. D. Wilbanks, Jefferson; Hannibal P. Wood, Knox; Henry Wood, De Kalb; Æschylus N. Yancy, Macoupin.
The senate was organized by the election of William J. Campbell of Cook, president pro tempore, over Major William P Callon of Morgan. by a vote of 33 to 18; James H. Pad- dock being reëlected secretary.
A number of names were canvassed for the speakership, but
873
GOV. CULLOM'S MESSAGE.
when the republican caucus met only one was presented, that of Horace H. Thomas, who was nominated by acclamation and subsequently elected, receiving 81 votes to 71 for Bradford K. Durfee of Macon County, the nominee of the democrats. W. B. Taylor was again chosen clerk.
The city of Chicago was, for the first time, honored with the speakership of the house of representatives. General Horace H. Thomas is a native of Vermont and was educated at Middlebury College. After his admission to the bar in 1859, he took up his residence in Chicago. He entered the army in 1861 as assistant - adjutant - general of the army of the Ohio, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. He then removed to Tennessee, where he was appointed upon the staff of Gov. Brownlow as quartermaster-general. He returned to Chicago in 1867, and was elected to the thirty-first and thirty-second general assemblies. He is a good parliamen- tarian, and made an enviable record in the speaker's chair. He is at present a member of the state senate from the sixth district.
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