USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Norwood > Norwood annual report 1904-1907 > Part 33
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11000
2000
ST. CATHERINE'S CHURCH
13000
6000
Church, Washington street, 10,- 000 ; church lot, 43,560 ft., 3000 ; organ and church furniture, 6000. METHODIST SOCIETY.
7000
1000
Church, Washington street, 5000; church lot, 10,000 ft., 2000; organ and church furni- ture, 1000.
SWEDISH EMMANUEL CHURCH.
I 700
500
Church, Cedar street, 1500; church lot, 10,270 ft., 200; church furniture, 500.
MASSACHUSETTS BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION
2300
500
Church, Chapel street, 2000; church lot, 6155 ft., 300 ; church furniture, 500.
SWEDISH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Church, Savin avenue, 1000; church lot, 200; church furni- ture, 500.
I 200
500
Church, Walpole street, 22,000 ; church lot, 30,000 ft., 2400; organ and church furniture, 6000. FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
171
VALUATION AND TAX, MAY 1, 1905.
Total number of Polls .. 2070
Tax on Polls
$4,140 00
Value of Personal Estate. $1,167,405 00
Tax on Personal Estate.
20,312 84
Value of Real Estate.
4,254,265 00
Tax on Real Estate ..
74,024 21
Total Valuation
$5,421,670 00
Total Tax
$98,477 05
Rate of Taxation $17.40 per $1000.
Town Grants, raised by tax $86,435 00
State Tax
6,480 00
County Tax
5,219 25
State Highway Tax. 96 38
Overlays
246 42
Total Commitment $98,477 05
172
CENSUS OF NORWOOD FOR 1905.
Total Population
6731
Legal Voters
I292
Women Voters.
425
Number of Horses
360
Number of Cows.
375
Number of Neat Cattle.
IO
Number of Swine
40
Number of Dwelling Houses
1160
Number of Acres of land assessed.
6135
FRED L. FISHER, RICHARD E. OLDHAM, SAMUEL M. WINSLOW, Assessors of Norwood.
NORWOOD WATER WORKS
REPORT
-ON -
Additional
Water
Supply
. AND
HIGHER SERVICE
FEBRUARY 15TH, 1906
AMBROSE BROS., PRINTERS, NOR WOOD, 1906
ENGINEER'S REPORT то BOARD OF WATER COMMISSIONERS
BOSTON, February 15, 1906.
To the
BOARD OF WATER COMMISSIONERS,
NORWOOD, MASS.
GENTLEMEN,
I SUBMIT the following report upon an additional water supply, and upon the matter of higher service, to provide fire protection and adequate domestic service in the higher parts of the town, where, under present conditions, it is very poor on account of the lack of sufficient pressure.
ADDITIONAL SUPPLY.
There is, I believe, no necessity for a discussion in this report of the need of an additional supply of water, as this has been demonstrated by past experience. I also understand that you do not expect me to enter into the consideration of available sources of supply, as that matter has already been investigated, and a satisfactory source of supply located, which has the ap- proval of the State Board of Health. It is the best method of developing this source, the arrangement of the pumping plant and mains for the delivery of water to the distribution system, and the probable cost of the same, that are to be considered at this time.
4
The source selected is situated in the low land on Purga- tory Brook, about one half mile southeast of Washington Street, where it is proposed to take a supply from the ground. This source has been tested by driving wells, connecting them up temporarily, and pumping from them. I understand that the results of this test were satisfactory. The pumping test was run continuously for twelve days and nights, and an average of 497,646 gallons was pumped every twenty-four hours from nine wells.
The design of the plant depends upon the present and probable future consumption of water. The consumption since 1888 has been as given in the following table :
· TABLE NO. I.
CONSUMPTION OF WATER IN NORWOOD.
Average Daily Consump -· tion in Gallons.
Average Daily Consump- tion in Gallons.
Total.
Per Capita.
Total.
Per Capita.
1888
150,000
44
1897
354,000
72
1889
160,000
45
1898
405,000
79
1890
169,000
45
1899
424,000
80
1891
178,000
46
1900
400,000
73
1892
169,000
42
1901
330,000
58
1893
208,000
49
1902
327,000
56
1894
220,000
50
1903
394,000
65
1895
270,000
59
1904
433,000
70
1896
309,000
65
1905
425,000
63
YEAR.
YEAR.
An examination of the reports of the water department for the past few years shows that the consumption, in the maximum month, has; not exceeded 500,000 gallons per day as the aver-
5
age for the month. On some days it is probable that the con- sumption exceeds this figure.
Table No. I shows that the total consumption of water is increasing, but since 1900, a year when the population was cor- rectly known, to 1905, another census year, the per capita con- sumption decreased from 73 to 63 gallons.
The population of Norwood, as given below, shows an average increase of 23 per cent. each five years. The latter part of the table gives an estimate until 1925, upon the assump- tion that a rate of 20 per cent. increase will be maintained :
TABLE No. 2. POPULATION OF NORWOOD.
YEAR.
Population.
Increase Per Cent. in Five Years.
YEAR.
Population.
Increase Per Cent. in Five Years.
1885
2,921
-
1910
8,070
.
20
1890
3,733
27号
1915
9,680
20
1895
4,574
22}
1920
11,600
20
1900
5,480
20
1925
13,900
20
1905
6,731
22}
The above estimated future increase means a doubling of the' population in the next twenty years. In the last twenty years the population has increased 2.3 times. There is perhaps no indication that the future growth of Norwood will be less rapid than the past, unless it is in the fact that there has been a falling off in the increase in population throughout the State in the last few years. Norwood, however, did not share in such falling off.
Assuming that the population will increase about as shown in Table No. 2, and that the consumption per capita will be kept, by the increasing use of meters, from exceeding 60 gallons per day, the total daily consumption will be as follows :
1
6
TABLE No. 3.
GIVING ESTIMATED FUTURE CONSUMPTION IN NORWOOD.
YEAR.
Population.
Per Capita Consumption.
Total Consumption.
1910
8,070
60 gallons per day.
484,200 gallons per day.
1915
9,680
60 gallons per day.
580,800 gallons per day.
1920
11,600
60 gallons per day.
696,000 gallons per day.
1925
13,900
60 gallons per day.
834,000 gallons per day.
It is probable that Buckmaster Pond can be relied upon for 400,000 gallons per day in dry years. The excess of consump- tion over this amount must come from the new source.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW SOURCE.
There are two methods of development of this source :
First .- It can be developed as a supplementary source, using Buckmaster Pond for all that it will supply without draw- ing the water too low for safety, or for satisfactory results as regards the quality, and without using it at any time when there are tastes and odors caused by possible vegetable growths.
In this method the system of wells, machinery, and piping, would be designed of sufficient capacity to meet the demands of the regular consumption, leaving the plant at Buckmaster Pond to meet all extraordinary demands, such as, fire, etc. In an ordinary year the Buckmaster Pond supply will at present fur- nish nearly all of the water required, and the new source will simply be held in reserve.
It will be more economical in the use of fuel to pump from Buckmaster Pond, as the head against which the pumping must be done is not so great by about 140 feet on account of the lower elevation of the new source.
7
Second .- The new source can be developed as the princi- pal source, with a capacity for all needs, retaining the Buck- master Pond supply as an emergency supply only in case of accident to the other, and to avoid the necessity of duplication of machinery.
I will describe each method in some detail, and give esti- mates of the cost of development and operation.
PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT OF PURGATORY BROOK SOURCE AS A SUPPLEMENTARY SUPPLY.
In any plan for the development of the ground water supply at Purgatory Brook, it is proposed to use a driven well system as the best adapted to the conditions found at this source. With this plan it is proposed to use about twenty-five wells (nine of which are already driven and tested), connected to the main suction pipe.
Sketch No. I, accompanying this report, shows in a general way the proposed arrangement of wells and piping. Each well will have a gate on the branch connecting it to the suction main, by which it can be shut off from the rest of the system, if for any reason it is found desirable to do so.
The main suction pipe will be connected to a suction cham- ber in the pump house. This chamber will be arranged to intercept any sand that may be drawn from the wells, and pre- vent its passing to the pumps, also to collect the air, which will be removed from the chamber by a small supplementary pump, so that it will not enter the pump and distributing mains of the system.
The pumping plant, proposed under this plan, will consist of one vertical, triplex, power pump, with a normal capacity of 500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours, with the ability to run easily at a 600,000 gallon rate if required, driven by a gasolene or kerosene oil engine. This pumping plant will be located in a plain, substantial brick, field stone or concrete building, as
S
may be preferred, which will be large enough for a second plant, similar to. this, if the consumption should increase to a point where it would be required.
The cost of a plant of this type will be much less than that of a steam pumping plant, as no chimney, boiler room, boiler or coal shed, will be required. The cost of fuel will be greater than that for an economical steam plant, but, as under this plan, the plant will be run only when it is necessary to supplement the supply of Buckmaster Pond, or when, for any reason, it is desirable to suspend temporarily the use of the latter supply, probably not more than one-fourth of the time for some years, the extra cost of the fuel will not be material.
The attendance required will be very slight. In a number of water works using this type of machinery the attendance is limited to starting and oiling up the plant, which may take a half an hour, locking up the building, and stopping it at the end of the run. It can also be arranged to stop of itself by the ex- haustion of a measured quantity of fuel in a tank prepared for the purpose.
When the fuel is used up, the engine stops. The cups must be of sufficient capacity to supply oil during any time the machinery may be left to itself. If the oil does not run short, the worst disaster that can happen to the plant on account of being left alone is that the engine may stop. Even if the lubri- cating oil should give out, it is probable that the increased fric- tion would stop the engine before any serious damage was done by the heating of the bearings.
A pipe line or pumping main will be laid from the pumping station through Ellis avenue and Washington street to the end of the 8-inch pipe in Washington street. Under this plan S-inch pipe is the economic size * until the total consumption of the
* By " economic size " is meant that size of pipe in comparison with which the next larger size will be more expensive in mainten- ance because the interest upon its increased cost is greater than the
9
town exceeds 500,000 gallons per day on the average. Taking the future into consideration, however, I believe that it will be better to lay a 10-inch line, and this is the size recommended.
With this plan the connection of the new main to the dis- tribution system, as described above, will provide an ample pipe capacity for pumping to the reservoir from the new source, as, at the rate of pumping proposed, very little of the water pumped will go to the reservoir, it being largely used in the distribution system as pumped, and only the excess of pumping over con- sumption going to the reservoir.
I estimate that the cost of this plan, as above described, will be $28,045, including the wells, the pumping plant and station and the force main. This is given in detail in Estimate No. I.
I estimate that the cost of maintenance, including the in- terest upon the first cost, the annual depreciation of the plant and the cost of operation of the pumping plant will be $2, 100 per year in excess of the present cost. This latter sum is the true measure of its cost in comparison with that of any other plan.
PLAN OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PURGATORY BROOK SOURCE AS THE MAIN SUPPLY, HOLDING THE BUCKMASTER POND SOURCE AS AN EMERGENCY SUPPLY.
There is little or no doubt that the source at Purgatory Brook will furnish a sufficient supply of water for Norwood for many years without the use of Buckmaster Pond, except in case of accident. The following is a description of the design of works for carrying out this plan of the development of this source :
saving in cost of coal by the lessening of the friction head, while on the other hand the expense of maintenance of the next smaller size will be greater because the extra cost of the coal will be greater than the saving of interest.
IO
A steam pumping plant will be the most economical type, if all of the pumping is to be done here (unless a gas produc- ing plant, which I shall refer to later, is adopted). The pump should be of such size that it can be run at a rate of from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours with econ- omy in the use of coal. The former rate will admit of doing the present pumping in one run per day, even with the stand pipe or smaller reservoir which will be necessary in case the proposed high service plan is carried out. The latter rate will provide for doing all of the pumping within ten hours until the consumption reaches over Soo,000 per day, which amount is estimated to be reach about the year 1925.
The well system which can be extended as the needs demand should have a present capacity sufficient to allow a draft at the rate of 1,500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours during the time which the pump must run to meet the consumption, or about seven hours.
It is proposed to provide a driven well system with about forty wells, including nine already driven. This system will be arranged approximately as shown on Sketch No. 2, accompany- ing this report.
The pumping plant will consist of one 2,000,000 gallon, horizontal, fly wheel pumping engine, which will be capable of developing a duty of about eighty million foot pounds for each hundred pounds of coal in ordinary running, or a so-called high duty pumping engine, with a surface condenser, heater, air and feed pumps.
Note. - A compound condensing pump similar to the one in use at Buckmaster Pond can be used at a saving in first cost of perhaps $4000 or $5000, but in pumping this amount of water against this head (approximately 275 feet when high service is installed), the cost of the coal saved each year by the high duty plant over the other will amount to a great deal more than the interest and depreciation charges on this difference in cost, and thus make the higher priced plant much the cheaper of the two.
II
It will not be possible to use one of the present pumps for the new supply on account of the greatly increased pressure brought upon it, especially if the high service is installed. I fear that the shell and the working parts would not stand an increase of pressure from about forty-eight to about one hundred and twenty pounds.
There will be one horizontal, tubular boiler sixty inches in diameter, in masonry setting, to supply steam for the engine. It will not be necessary to duplicate either the pump or the boil- er, as the Buckmaster Pond plant can be started at any time in case of accident to this machinery.
The pumping station building will consist of an engine room, boiler room and chimney of brick and a coal shed.
The piping for the force main in this plan must be larger than for the first one, because the pumping will be at a more rapid rate, and because all of the water must be pumped through it, thus making the item of increased friction due to a small pipe a question of greater importance in the use of the coal needed to overcome it. The economic size of pipe required when pump- ing 500,000 gallons per day at the rate of r,500,000 to 2,000,000 in twenty-four hours is 12-inch. That for pumping 1,000,000 per day at the rate of 1,500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours is also 12-inch, while that for pumping 1,000,000 gallons per day at the rate of 2,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours is 14-inch. It is proposed to use the 14-inch line in order to keep the fric- tion losses in the pipe as low as practicable, because the static head is great, and it is undesirable to increase it very much by friction head.
This 14-inch line will be laid through Ellis avenue and Washington street to Prospect street. From that point a 12-inch pipe will be laid as far as the end of the present S-inch line in the latter. It may become desirable in the future (as the fric- tion increases with the age of the pipe) to replace the 8-inch in Washington street to Howard street with a 12-inch pipe, or parallel it with a 10-inch pipe. This, however. is not necessary
I2
at the present time, nor will it be for some years. It is also proposed to lay a line of 10-inch pipe from the intersection of Prospect and Washington streets through Prospect street to the corner of Casey street, a distance of about 2,300 feet, about 1,100 feet of 6-inch pipe in Prospect street from Nahatan to Prospect avenue, and about 400 feet of 6-inch pipe on Casey street from Prospect street to the end of the present 6-inch pipe on Casey street.
These last lines make a continuous line on Prospect street from Washington street to the reservoir, and connect with the general distribution system in a manner to provide, in combina- tion with the connection on Washington street, for a very easy flow of water to the reservoir from the pumps.
I estimate the cost of this plan, including the well system, pumping station and machinery and the pipe line described above at $59,763, and the total annual expense of maintenance at about $3,300 in addition to the present cost of maintenance.
The last described plan can be modified as follows : Instead of a steam pumping plant, use a gas producer plant to furnish gas to run a power pump driven by a gas engine, the capacity of this plant to be about the same as that of the steam pumping plant, namely, from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 gallons in twenty- four hours. All of the other features of the plan to be the same. The substitution of the gas producer for the steam plant will make an increase in the first cost of $4,600, or a total cost of $64,363. The cost of operation will be about $3,350 as com- pared with $3,150 for the steam plant.
These gas producer plants have not been used much as yet for pumping purposes, but the gas producers have been used for power purposes, and the gas engines quite extensively for pump- ing, and there seems little doubt of their successful and satisfac- tory operation.
13
HIGH SERVICE.
There are two methods of producing sufficient pressure for the higher parts of the town. One by putting the whole town under higher service, the other by dividing it into districts and providing a separate and higher reservoir, and an independent system of distributing piping for the high service district.
The first plan is the better when under it the pressure in the lower portion of the town will not be so great as to endanger the piping and the house plumbing, or when the high service territory is separated into two or more districts requiring more or less duplication of street pipes to serve it.
The second system is usually better when there is a great variation in elevation in the different parts of the town, and the high service territory can be arranged without excessive dupli- cation of piping.
In Norwood I believe that the first method is the only one that should be considered. There is a difference in elevation of only about a hundred feet between the higher and lower parts of the town. Under these conditions satisfactory pressure can be maintained on the higher land without causing an excessive pressure in the lower streets.
There is a considerable area of land near Prospect and Winter streets, which is now built upon to some extent, where the head of water is only from thirty-eight to sixty-three feet when the reservoir is full and there is no loss of head caused by friction in the piping.
It is unnecessary to state that with this head there is very poor domestic service, to say nothing of the fire service.
I believe that an increase of 50 feet in this head, giving in the above named territory 88 to 113 feet, will furnish excellent domestic service, and with proper piping will give reasonable fire protection, as much as can be expected in the highest parts of the town. Effective fire service cannot, of course, be expected on Nahatan street north of Prospect street from the present 4-inch
14
main in that street. In the remainder of the territory the service will be made very good, I believe, if the head is increased as above, and the following pipes are laid, namely, 1,100 feet of 6-inch in Prospect street from Prospect avenue to Nahatan street, 400 feet of 6-inch in Casey street from end of present 6-inch to Prospect avenue as already recommended in connection with the new main in Prospect street under plan No. 2 of developing the new source, also 250 feet of 6-inch pipe in Nicols street from end of present 6-inch to Nahatan street, and connect the pipe on Howard street to that on Myrtle street by laying 200 feet of 6-inch pipe. The laying of these lines will eliminate several dead ends, improve the circulation and probably the quality of the water itself in that location.
RESERVOIR OR STAND PIPE.
The present reservoir, which is an open reservoir with earth embankment, is located on the highest point of land available. There is then no opportunity to build an earth reservoir for the higher service. Either a steel stand pipe or a masonary reser- voir must be used if the pressure is to be increased.
STAND PIPE.
The top of the stand pipe should be about 50 feet above the high water line of the present reservoir, and to prevent too great fluctuation in the height of water in the stand pipe during the night or the time in which the pumps are not running, its diameter should be about 60 feet. As the top of the foundation of the stand pipe will be about at the elevation of the high water in the reservoir, the height of the stand pipe itself will be 50 feet. A stand pipe 60 feet in diameter and 50 feet high has a capacity of a little more than one million gallons.
This stand pipe must be covered to exclude the light to prevent the growth of vegetable organisms in the water when
15
that from the new source is used, as ground water cannot be stored in the light.
Its cost will be approximately as follows :
Stand pipe 60' diameter x 50' high,
Foundation,
Roof,
$15,000 00 2,100 00 2,500 00
$19,600 00 Add 15 per cent. for engineering and contingencies, 2,940 00
$22,540 00
A stand pipe 50 feet in diameter with its top 10 feet higher than the one described, or a total height of 60 feet, will give practically the same service as the other. The fluctuation of the surface of the water will be greater, however, and the average head against which the water must be pumped will also be greater. Its capacity will be about 850,000 gallons.
Its cost will be approximately as follows :
Stand pipe 50' diameter x 60' high, $13,500 00 Foundation, 1,500 00 1,800 00
Roof,
$16,800 00
Add 15 per cent. for engineering and contingencies, 2,520 00
$19,320 00
Although the stand pipe of larger diameter is better in some respects, I believe that it is not enough so to overcome the differ- ence in cost, or $3,220, and, therefore, recommend the use of the smaller diameter and greater height.
CONCRETE RESERVOIR.
A concrete reservoir of the same height and diameter can be used if desired instead of the steel stand pipe. In the place of
16
the stand pipe 60 feet in diameter I propose a reservoir with its top at the same elevation, with the inside diameter the same and with a depth of water of 35 feet, the inside bottom being about 15 feet above the ground and supported by a masonry founda- tion, as shown on Sketch No. 3. This structure will be built of reinforced concrete, or cement, in which is embedded steel rods to give it tensile strength and prevent cracking. Its general appearance will be about as shown on the sketch.
It is estimated that the total cost of this reservoir will be about $27,000.
One built on the same plan, but 50 feet inside dlameter, as an alternative to the 50 foot stand pipe, will, it is estimated, cost about $23,500.
The advantages of the concrete reservoir over the stand pipe lie in the saving in maintenance expenses. A stand pipe must be emptied, cleaned and painted at least once in three years. This makes considerable trouble and expense. It is also prob- able that a steel stand pipe has a higher rate of deprecation, or in other words a shorter life, than a concrete structure.
I estimate that the increased expenses due to cleaning and painting a metal stand pipe would be about $150 a year, and that due to its more rapid deterioration would be approximately $50 per year, making a total savings of $200 per year. This sum would pay 4 per cent. interest on $5,000, which is approximately the difference in cost between the two types. Upon an economic basis, therefore, the two forms are about equal.
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