USA > New York > History of the state of New York. Vol. II, Pt. 1 > Part 33
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1675. S Novem. Pierce and Penny- man. 7 Decem.
Nehemiah Pierce and James Pennyman, charged with " writing false storeys to Boston," were sent down from Al- bany to New York, and bound over. Massachusetts, on similar information, published a declaration that Philip had been " supplied with ammunition from Albany, whereby
* Warr., Ord., Passes, ill., 130, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 155, 156; Couned Min., iii. (ii.), 65, 66 ; Col. MSS., xxiv., 157, 172; N. Y. II. S. Coll., i., 425-423; Col. Bu". Conn., ii., 372-3TS ; Col. Doc., ili., 254, 264; Wood's L. I., SO; Hough's Philip, 82-119; Hutch. Mass., i., 204, 225; Trumbull, i., 833-505; Holland's Western Mass., i., 95, 100; ante, SO, 1$1, 102.
+ Col. Doc., iii., 254, 265; Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 383-391: Council Min., iii. (ii.), 74: Wa" . Ord., Passes, ill., 169 ; Hough's Philip's War, 26-31, 125, 129-135; Hutch. Mass., i. , 227-313 . Trumbull, i., 337-342; Arnold, i., 401-406 ; Col. MISS., xxv., 6%.
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oeg
291
EDMUND ANDROS, GOVERNOR.
he was enabled to prosecute his bloody design against the CuAr. VI. English." This was such an " aspersion" that Andros sent 1676. an express to Boston to vindicate the duke's government. The Puritan Bostonians cleared the magistrates of New 17 Jan'y. 24 Jan'y. Massachu- York, yet continued to asperse her people "without any etts con- tinues to known cause, complaint, or notice." The metropolitan "a perse" council thereupon resolved " That for the present no further 24 Febr'y. application be made to the Government of Boston." An- dros's action was " very well looked on" in London."
Philip being now reported within forty or fifty miles of Albany, Andros sent fresh orders to Brockholls, and again & Jan'y. notified the Hartford authorities. They prudently sug- gested that the Mohawks should be employed to " utterly 13 Jan'y. Connecti- extirpate" the natives in New England, and hinted that cut and Albany had supplied the "common enemy" with arms or ammunition. Andros satirically repelled this "great re- 20 Jan'y. flection on the Dutch," and demanded explanations. The Connecticut Council could only give rumors. The gov- ernor then demanded whether Connecticut would allow 4 Febr'y. New York the New York Iroquois to pursue their enemies in her ter- about ritory ? This she declined, but suggested that the Mo- 10 Feb'y. hawks had better attack Philip "near Albany."+
Good correspondence, however, was maintained between New York and Rhode Island, the people of which were in- formed " that any in their parts driven by the Indians from 17 Jan'y. Friendship their habitations or plantations shall be welcome here, and between New York have land assigned them upon this, Long Island, or Staten and Rhode Island." But Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth, Island. having shown no desire for the friendship of New York, the council resolved " to continue our endeavors as Chris- 26 Feb'y. New York tians and the King's subjects, for the good of this Govern- "Chrie- tians" re-
ment, without further application to the said Coloneys." The governor was also advised to " go forthwith to Al- Puritans. bany, to settle matters there, it being of very great im- port ;" as news had just come of the Mohawks " being moved in a warlike manner against the North Indians."}
prove New England
The Hudson having opened unexpectedly soon, Andros
* Council Min., ifi. (ii.), 68, 69, 70, S1, S5; Col. Doc., ill., 2SS, 242, 254, 259, 266, 267; Hough's Philip's War, 120-142; Hutch. Coll., 476-400 ; Mather's War, 117, 120, 254.
+ Col. Doc .. iii., 255, 205; Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 397, 398, 404, 406, 407 ; Hutch. Mass., 1., 3:5; Palfrey, ill., 229.
* Council Min., iii. (ii.), $1, 85, S6, 97; Col. MSS., xxv., 81; Hough's Philip's War, 136, 137, 143-147, 160, 104.
New York.
292
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Andros again at Albany.
CHAP. VI. went up to Albany with six sloops and additional men. 1676. IIe found that some three hundred Mohawks had just re- turned from the pursuit of Philip, and had brought back several scalps. They had been supplied with arms and ammunition by Brockholls, who had also received their old sachems, squaws, and children within Albany. Lieutenant 4 March. Teunise was at once dispatched "to the farthest part of the Government, or as far as Connecticut River," to de- mand from Philip any Christian prisoners. The governor 11 March. Loveridge also directed William Loveridge to be arrested for having arrested for slanderously affirmed that the Dutch inhabitants of Al- slander. bany had supplied the North Indians with arms and am- 27 March. munition. Sergeant Sharpe was left in command of the garrison, as Brockholls was needed at New York .*
3 April.
7 March.
19 March. Connecti- cut agents at New York.
Connecticut had meanwhile asked to be allowed to talk with the Iroquois at Albany, and threatened that, if her " historians" should report to England, the conduct of An- dros "would look dark, and be displeasing both to Ilis Majesty and all true Englishmen; yea, His Highness would take no pleasure in the consequences of such services by his ministers." Samuel Willys and William Pitkin came 1 April. on her behalf to ask the desired permission. After full explanations before the council, the Connecticut agents 10 April. Answer of were told that New York had already "taken fitting or- New York, ders" with regard to its own Indians, and that it was "strange" that their colony, which had been so jealous about all their own concerns, should " ask to treat with any branch of this Government apart." Andros also wrote 10 April. that he was ready to do all he could to procure a peace be- tween the Connecticut authorities and their savage ene- mies, " and wholly to remove all manner of jealousys, shall suspend all further demands of that part of your colony claimed by His Royal Highness, (to remain as it is,) 'till a determination from England."+
5 May. To carry out his humane intentions toward Rhode Is !- and, the governor sent his sloop there to bring back as
* Col. Dec., ili., 255, 205, 708 ; Council Min., ili. (ii.), S7, 101; Warr., Ord., Pasics, jf' .. 146, 223; Col. MISS., xxv., SS, 90, 184; Hough's Philip's War, 103, 148-153, 167.
+ Council Min., iii. (il. ), 90-93 ; Col. Rec. Conn., il . 414, 413, 420, 426, 435, 436, 437 ; COL. Doc., ii., 25, 205 ; Hough's Philip's War, 155-159. The Connecticut correspondence was now conducted by her new governor, William Leete, who succeeded the deceased Winthro Col. Res. Conn., il., 273; Trumbull, i., 345, 343; Palfrey, ili., 233-238; Arnold, i., 411, 412: N. Y. I. S. Coll. (150), 374-376; ante, 236, note.
208
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EDMUND ANDROS, GOVERNOR.
many of her people as wished to come to New York. At Cusr. VI. the same time, it was "Ordered that upon this extraordi- nary occasion of the warre, and other late intelligences, Friendly 1676. action of the severall townes upon Long Island be sent to, to repre- New York sent the same unto the inhabitants, in order to a levy, and toward Rhode Isl- to know what they will give towards a supply." Collector and. Dyer was accordingly dispatched to urge each town to s May. grant "such a suitable supply as may be proper." But this appeal was poorly answered. The contribution, like that proposed by Lovelace in 1672, was viewed as " a kind 13 May. of benevolence-the badge of bad times." **
On Salisbury's return, Andros received fresh instructions from the Duke of York. Referring to his former direc- tions of the 6th of April, 1675, concerning Assemblies, James added, " I have since observed what several of your es Jan'y. latest letters hint about that matter. But unless you had of York offered what qualifications are usual and proper to such approves Assemblyes, I cannot but suspect they would be of dan- blics. gerous consequence ; nothing being more knowne than the aptness of such bodyes to assume to themselves many priv- iledges which prove destructive to, or very oft disturbe the peace of the government wherein they are allowed. Nei- ther do I see any use of them, which is not as well pro- vided for, whilst you and your council govern according to the laws established (thereby preserving every man's prop- erty inviolate), and whilst all things that need redresse may be sure of finding it, either at the Quarter Sessions or by other legall and ordinary wayes ; or lastly by appeal to my- selfe. But, howsoever, if you continue of the same opin- ion, I shall be ready to consider of any proposalls you shall send to that purpose."
At the same time the duke approved of Andros's demand 28 Jan'y. " of all the land on the west side of Connecticut River." a "But," he added, " at the present, for other reasons, I all action not willing you should proceed further, in regard I hope necticut. for hereafter more convenient means of adjusting the boundaries in those parts; and in the interim, though the agreement by the Commissioners in 1664 were never con- firmed by me, I soe far approve of the prudence of Colonel
" The duke
Andros's
about Con-
* Council Min., iii. (ii.), 94, 95; Warr., Ord., Passes, iii., 193; Hough's Philip, 137, 160- 103; Smith, 1, 51; ente, 171, 1SS.
The Duke
again dis-
of Assem-
20701700-2010ZA
204
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
CHAP. VI. Nicolls, at that time, as to admitt by no means of any near- 1676. er access of those of Connecticut than to the mouth of Marinac (or Mamaronocke) River, and along the edge of it; provided they come to noe place within twenty miles distance of Hudsons' River. But this I hint to you only for the present, not intending thereby to conclude myself as to the right of the case." Secretary Werden wrote more fully that the duke was " willing things should rest directions, as they are at present; but he is not sorry you have re- vived this claim, because possibly some good use may be hereafter made of it." Werden also called Andros to ac- count for permitting " the Bostoners and other strangers to go up in their small vessells to Esopus and Albany and elsewhere, as freely as the very natural subjects of his Royal Highness's Colony," which was " a new thing," for- bidden by Lovelace, and to the disadvantage of the me- tropolis."
Secretary Werden's
31 Jan'y. " Boston- North
River.
23 May.
News having come that Massachusetts was making a separate peace with the North Indians, the Council re- solved that the Mohawks should be restrained from far- ther prosecuting them, and that arms be restored to the Long Island savages. As Connecticut was advising with Uncas about sending a present to the Mohawks, they were summoned to meet the governor at Albany. The Mahi- can and other eastward Indians were also invited to come in, and "live under the protection of the Government," as both Canada and Connecticut had solicited them.t
30 May. The Iro- quois sum moned to meet An- dros at Albany. June. Fort and officers at Albany.
At Albany the governor built a new stockaded fort, with four bastions, and mounted twelve guns, so as to de- fend and command the whole town. Salisbury, who was a favorite of the duke, was now reinstated in his old place of commander, Sergeant Sharpe remaining under his or- ders. The local militia was put under Captain Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick, and Lieutenants Martin Gerritsen and Jan Jansen Bleecker.
Andros at Schaghti- cook, or Scatacook
On this occasion Andros went up to Schaghticook, a pleasant place, in the present county of Rensselaer, near the confluence of the Hoosic with the Hudson River, where
' Col. Doc., ill., 250, 235-238, 241 ; Council Min., ili. (ii.), 92; Chalmers, L., 581. 600; Ban- croft, il., 400; an'e, 55. 56, 168, 182, 188, 260, 279.
t Council Min., ifi. (ii.), 99, 100, 101; Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 443; Col. MSS., xxv., 116, 121, 124; Ilough's Philip's War, 164-1CS; Nantucket Papers, S9-103.
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295
EDMUND ANDROS, GOVERNOR.
he " planted a tree of welfare," and invited all the North- CHAP. VI. ern and River Indians to come and live .*
1676.
Having informed the Hartford authorities of the " very 5 July. great execution" done by the Mohawks on their savage en- Conn emies, Andros desired to know whether the New York In- cut and dians would be admitted into their towns. This, however, was declined ; while Connecticut sent word that some of 8 July. . Philip's warriors were about to cross the Hudson River 20 July. near Esopus, " to seek for 'complices of their straine," and, if they should escape southward, "it may be a great occa- New York. sion to animate the Virginia Indians." Convinced of " the improbability" of this suggestion, Andros replied that as 26 July. Connecticut declined the assistance of the Mohawks, he dared not "presume further, than as formerly, by encour- agements and gifts, to assure their constant fidelity."}
Not long afterward a large party of savages were sur- prised at Stockbridge, on the Housatonic, and the surviv- Indians ors were reported to be attempting their escape " over Stock- killed at Hudson's River to a place called Paquiage." The Con- bridge. necticut Council asked Andros either to grant "liberty to 19 August. pass up your river, with some vessels from hence and the Bay, with men and provision, to pursue and destroy those of the enemies that are in those parts, or doc something effectual yourself for the utter suppression of the enemy in those parts." The governor replied that he would dis- 25 August. patch proper orders to Albany, but he would not allow Connecti. 11 October. Connecticut to send forces up the Hudson, or her agents to talk with cut not to the Iro-
treat with the Mohawks, " as it would breed distraction."} quois.
In the mean time, Philip was slain in a swamp near 12 August. Mount Hope, whither he retreated after having defended near Mount Philipslain " what he imagined to be his own, and the just rights of his Hope. countrymen, to the last extremity." War was now ended. " A handsome penny" was turned by exhibiting the man-
* Council Min., iii. (if.), 140; Warr., Ord., Passes, ili , 175, 223; Col. Doc., iii., 235, 255, 200, 505, 713; iv., 243, 576, 744, 902, 901; v., SSS; Hutch. Mass., i., 348; Colden, i., 101; list. Mag., iv., 50. Plans of Albany at this time, and of its fort, which stood near the pres- ent St. Peter's Church in State Street, are given in Miller's N. Y., and in Munsell's Ann. Alb., iii., 30; iv., 200.
t Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 461, 462, 466, 467 ; Council Min., iii. (ii.), 104, 105; Hough's Philip's War, 171.
$ Trumbull, i., 348, 340, 350: Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 469, 471, 472, 477. 478, 480; Council Min., ifi. (ii.), 128, 129. About two hundred of the fugitives from Stockbridge fled to the Mahirans on the Hudson River, and became incorporated with them : Col. Doc., iv., 744, 902, 991; Trumbull, i., 550. Hutch. Mass., i., 343, calls them " Scatacook Indians."
296
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Char. VI. gled right hand of the son of Massasoit to New English:
"curiosity ;" and the able-bodied native American captives
captured Ameri- cans.
1676. Fate of the who escaped the tender mercies of "the women at Marble- head," or the gibbets of Plymouth and Massachusetts, were exported to the West Indies and sold into slavery. Even the heir of the King of Pokanoket, and the grandson of the early friend of the shivering "Pilgrims" from Holland, was made a victim of Puritan avarice; and the latest his- torian of New England pronounces that there was no " pe- culiar aggravation in the circumstance that one of the suf- ferers was Philip's son.""
August. Pemaquid Lurnel. The Duke of York's castern territory did not escape the consequences of Philip's war. Pemaquid was burned by the savages, who drove many of its colonists westward to Massachusetts. Hearing of this, the New York govern- ment voted land to the sufferers, and Andros dispatched S Septem. Andros's his sloop to Boston, " offering free passage and relief to humanity. any driven from His Royal Highness's territories about 12 October. Opposed by Massachu. reits. Pemaquid." But Massachusetts, not relishing the humani- ty of New York, thought it better that all his Majesty's sub- jects should join in hunting the aborigines out of Maine, and that every effort should be made "to engage the Mo- hawks or other Indians, friends of the English, for their help and assistance therein."t
Massachusetts, indeed, always coveted Maine. After the Dutch had conquered from the French the region east of the Penobscot, they were driven off by Boston vessels, the crews of which, nevertheless, " kept no possession." The States' ambassador at London, however, complained of this aggression, and charged that the Bostoners "would not suffer any Hollanders there." Charles accordingly or- dered the Massachusetts magistrates "to return their an- swer to the said complaint, that so his Majesty, under- standing the nature of the fact, may give such order as is agreeable to justice therein."+
11 Feb'y.
* Hutch. Mass., i., 306, 307 ; Trumbull s Conn., i., 348, 340; Mather, ISS, 194, 195; Davi-'s Morton, 453-455; Everett's Bloody Brook Address, 1835; Arnold's R. I., i., 416, 417, 415; Plymouth Col. Rec., v., 174, 210; Hough's Philip's War, 21, 25, 168; Col. Rec. Conn., ii., 471; Palfrey, iii, 205, 206, 216-221 ; Moore's Notes on Slavery in Massachusetts, 55-48.
t Council Min., ill. (ii.), 117; Col. Doc., iii., 241, 255, 265; Mass, Rec., v., 123; William- son's Maine. i., 515-537 ; Maine II. S. Coll., v., 8, 9, 955, 251; Palfrey, iii., 208-211.
$ Williamson's Maine, i., 550; Hutch. Mass., i., 311 ; Coll .. 404, 499; Mass. II. S. Cal .. xxxii., 286, :$7 ; Mass. Rec., v., 114, 116, 118 : Palfrey, ili., 295; ante, 254. On the 27th of October, 1676, the Dutch West India Company commissione.I CORNELIS STEENWYCK, of New
:
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297
EDMUND ANDROS, GOVERNOR.
After the Peace of Westminster, the British king gave CHAP. VI. more thought to his American colonies. His former Coun- eil of Trade and Plantations was dissolved, and its records, 21 Decem. 1674. were transferred to the Privy Council, a committee of 1675. which Charles directed to oversee "matters relating to 12 March. New com-
trade and his foreign plantations." Thus American af- mittee for trade and fairs were restored to the immediate control of the crown. planta- The strict enforcement in her colonies of the Navigation 11 August. tions. and the Customs' laws of England was the motive. So the Plantation Committee addressed a circular letter to the several North American colonies requiring answers to va- rious questions. . A royal proclamation followed, which 24 Novem. prohibited the importation into the plantations "of any tion to en- Proclama- merchandize but what should be laden in England, and for putting other branches of those acts into strict execu- tion relating to America." This appears to have been drawn by Attorney General Sir William Jones, and was 1676. communicated to the colonial governors. At the same No Medi- 20 March. time it was determined "that no Mediterranean passes passes for terranean should be granted to New England, to protect its vessels gland. New En- against the Turks, until it is seen what dependence it will acknowledge on his Majesty, or whether his custom-house officers are received as in other colonies."*
Edward Randolph-a kinsman of Robert Mason, one of 30 March. the claimants of Maine, a servant of the Duke of York, Randolph Edward shrewd, active, and intensely devoted to his king-was sent Massachu- sent to with these dispatches to Massachusetts, which was thought setts. to be the most "prejudicial plantation." On reaching Bos- ton, Randolph was treated with coarse incivility by Lever- 10 June. ett, its governor, who seems to have supposed that good insulted at Randolph breeding was inconsistent with Puritanism. Relying on Boston. its royal charter, the Corporation of Massachusetts -- a creature of Charles the First-assumed that it could settle "all matters in difference" with Charles the Second by its
York, to take possession, in its behalf, of the conquered territory east of the Penobscot, and govern it as captain. This project, however, was never executed : see J. W. de Peyster's pamphlet, "The Dutch in Maine," 45, 73-77; Append., 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ; Valentine's Manual, 1$53, 352 ; 1864, 661; Col. MSS., xxvii., 125; Pemaquid Papers, 29, 30.
* Col. Doc., ill., 223, 229, 230, 231, 232; Evelyn, il., S6, 15; Anderson on Commerce, ii., 531; Mass II. S. Coll., xxvii., 136, 137 : Chalmers's Ann., i., 319, 323, 824, 400, 492 ; Rev. Col., i., 128, 120; Hutchinson's Coll .. 444, 463, 503 ; Barry, i., 453; Palfrey, iii., 33, 275, 273- 253. Chalmers, in the Preface to hi- Annals, erroneously states that Locke was Secretary of the Committee for Trade of March, 1675. Sir Robert Southwell, the Clerk of the Privy Council, was secretary of that committee, and afterward William Blathwayt : Col. Doc., iii., 228, 230, 571; Evelyn, ii., 101, 279 ; King's Locke, 34 ; ante, 157, 249.
force the Navigation Lawe.
298
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
1676. July. Opinion of Winslow, of Plym- outh. 30 July. Randolph's report on his return to En- gland.
CHAP. VI. own "final determination." Governor Winslow, of Plym- outh, reproved the absurdity of his neighboring fellow-sub- jects, and told Randolph that New England would never flourish until its several colonies were reduced under his majesty's "immediate government." Randolph returned to London, satisfied that most of the inhabitants of Massa- chusetts abhorred the "arbitrary government and oppres- sion of their magistrates," and hoped that the king would free them "from this bondage" by establishing his direct authority among them. The Navigation Laws, however, were so faithfully executed by Andros and Dyer as to cause a stoppage of trade between New York and Massa- chusetts. No European goods were allowed to be import- ed from Boston into New York unless they had paid cus- toms in England, and this caused a " misunderstanding" between those colonies. Plymouth and Connecticut " dnly observed" the laws .*
12 Oct. Randolph sustains Andros.
Concerning the Indian war, Randolph testified that the Massachusetts complaints that Philip and his countrymen had been encouraged and supplied by the people of Al- bany were "without any just cause or ground, but rather a report raised out of malice and envy." Governor An- dros had proved himself " very friendly and serviceable" to Massachusetts. Had his advice been taken, the war would have been less destructive, for he would have overpowered Philip by the New York Indians; " but his friendship, ad- vice, and offers were slighted."t.
9 August. Massachu- Stoughton ley to En- gland. 16 Septem. Having consulted her "reverend elders," Massachusetts setts eends sent William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley after Randolph and Bulk- to England. They were instructed to evade all "clamors and accusations," and to promise "a full answer" to the complaint of the Dutch government that the Hollanders had been driven out of Maine. This "answer," however, does not appear to have been given .;
1675. 13 May.
Meanwhile La Salle had obtained from Louis a grant of Fort Frontenac and its neighborhood, with the monopoly of hunting and fishing on Lake Ontario, on condition that
* Chalmers, 1., 403; Hutch. Mass., i., 311, 319 ; Coll., 477-513, 534, 564; Col. Doc., ili .. 239-244; Bancroft, il., 111; Barry, i., 454-458; Palfrey, fii., 284-289 ; Col. Rec. Conn .. si., 434; Hist. Mag., ii. (iii.), 70, 71 ; ante, 204.
t Randolph's " Narrative" of 12 October, 1676, in Untch. Coll., 490; Col. Doc., ill., 242
# Mass. Rec., v., 90-116; Hutchinson, i, 311, 312; Palfrey, iii., 291-225.
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299
EDMUND ANDROS, GOVERNOR.
he should pay its cost, maintain a garrison, build a church, CHAP. VI. and support Franciscan missionaries. The king also made him a French nobleman. La Salle hastened back to Cana- 1675. La Salle da in company with Laval de Montmorency, who had been ennobled by Louis. created Bishop of Quebec, and Jacques Duchesnau, who 13 May. succeeded Talon as intendant, as well as with the Francis- Franciscan 30 May. can fathers Louis Hennepin, Christian Le Clercq, and Ze- aries. mission- nobius Membre. A new stone fort, with four bastions, 1676. was quickly built by La Salle around the old palisades at New fort at Cataracouy ; a chapel was prepared ; and the fathers Hen- couy. nepin and Luke Buisset were installed as assistants of Ri- bourde in the mission."
After establishing the Franciscans at Cataracony, Fron- Jesuit mis- tenac took little interest in the French missions south of among the sionaries Lake Ontario. Bruyas remained at Tionnontoguen, and Iroquois. James de Lamberville, who had just come over from Paris, replaced Boniface at Caghnawaga. The large secession to the Prairie de la Madeleine nevertheless troubled the Mo- hawk missionaries. Millet labored among the Oneidas with tolerable success. At Onondaga, John de Lamberville was comforted by the steadfast faith of Garakontie until the death of that eminent proselyte early in 1676. Car- heil's chapel at Cayuga was burned by drunken savages. Among the Senecas, Pierron, Raffeix, and Garnier labored diligently. But that distant tribe, having subdued the An- The An- dastes, now talked only of war, "even against the French, quered. and to begin by the destruction of the fort of Cataracony."t
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